1153:
1141:
1189:
1177:
826:, "They stole away from the islands on 26 March 1872, rowing out into the Bay of Bengal on home-made rafts across a 750-mile stretch of turbulent water, dodging schools of bounty hunters who fought over 250-rupee rewards (then £25). Picked up by a British vessel, they persuaded the crew that they were shipwrecked fishermen and eventually pitched up, free, at the Strangers Home for Asiatics in London. The two were fed, clothed and given a bed. But while they slept, Colonel Hughes, the home's proprietor, took photographs that were circulated around the Empire. One morning, Mehtab and Choitun awoke to find themselves shackled and frog-marched aboard a ship bound for India."
1129:
579:
solitary cells which prevented any prisoner from communicating with any other. Also, the spokes were so designed such that the face of a cell in a spoke saw the back of cells in another spoke. This way, communication between prisoners was impossible. They were all in solitary confinement. The locks of the prison cells were designed in such a way that the inmate would never be able to reach the latch of the lock. The prison guards would lock up the inmates and throw the key of the lock inside the jail. The inmate would try to put his hand out and try to unlock the door but would never be able to do so as his hand would never reach the key.
1105:
1117:
1165:
38:
833:: "It took a while for the whisper to reach the Yard Five Wing. By then it was 8 pm." The bell rang again. Every prisoner shuffled to his locked gate. "The feeding tube had gone into Mahavir Singh's lungs. They were filled with milk. Doctors were now fighting to revive him. So we shouted 'Inquilab Zindabad' – long live the revolution. 'Inquilab Zindabad'. Twenty-one warders ran out of the Central Tower. 'Inquilab Zindabad'. Truncheons were drawn, a gun was cocked." "Midnight", Dr. Edge noted in the penal colony's hospital log. "Mahavir Singh – dead."
571:
219:
411:
463:
1234:
719:
1201:
541:
189:
1220:
105:
588:
1093:, centers around a group of characters who were inmates or guards at the colonial jail in the Andaman islands. One of the characters is an escapee who has returned to England with a native Andamanese man as a companion. The novel characterizes the Andamanese people in a racist manner, by contemporary standards.
1012:, who hoisted the Indian National Flag for the first time on the islands, at the Gymkhana Ground in Port Blair, appointed INA General AD Loganathan as the governor of the Islands, and announced the Azad Hind Government was not merely a Government in Exile, and had freed the territory from British colonial rule.
511:
was failing to achieve the purpose intended and that indeed criminals preferred to go there rather than be incarcerated in Indian jails. Lyall and
Lethbridge recommended that a "penal stage" should exist in the transportation sentence, whereby transported prisoners were subjected to a period of harsh
792:
Haripada
Chowdhury (caught in the attempted murder case of the editor of The Englishman (later Statesman) Watson and was sentenced for 10 years and deported to Andaman. Was eventually released in the year 1939. During his capture he was found in possession of a pistol along with numerous bullets of
857:
launched a campaign to shut down the jail, and the colonial government decided to repatriate the political prisoners from the
Cellular Jail from 1937 to 1938. "The Cellular Jail was forced to empty in 1939. Two years later, the Japanese seized the islands, transforming the penal settlement into a
730:
Among the records of the
Government of India's Home Department, we found the Empire's response in its Orders to Provincial Governors and Chief Commissioners. "Very Secret: Regarding security prisoners who hunger strike, every effort should be made to prevent the incidents from being reported, no
578:
Each of the seven wings had three stories upon completion. There were no dormitories and a total of 696 cells. Each cell was 4.5 by 2.7 metres (14.8 ft × 8.9 ft) in size with a ventilator located at a height of 3 metres (9.8 ft). The name, "cellular jail", derived from the
442:
arrived in April 1868. In 1863, the Rev. Henry Fisher Corbyn, of the Bengal
Ecclesiastical Establishment, was also sent out there and he set up the 'Andamanese Home' there, which was also a repressive institution albeit disguised as a charitable one. Rev. Corbyn was posted in 1866 as
699:, a former officer in the Punjab Mounted Police, was a life convict in the jail who had been imprisoned for murder. He was sentenced to death on 2 April 1867 and during appeal this was reduced to life imprisonment and he was deported to Andamans to serve his sentence.
628:
Solitary confinement was implemented as the
British government of India wanted to ensure that political prisoners and revolutionaries be isolated from one another. Most prisoners of the Cellular Jail were independence activists. Some inmates were,
1035:
Another two wings of the jail were demolished after India achieved independence. However, this led to protests from several former prisoners and political leaders who saw it as a way of erasing the tangible evidence of their history.
1152:
1003:
in March 1942, capturing the
Cellular Jail and all prison personnel. The Cellular Jail then became home to British prisoners-of-war, suspected Indian supporters of the British, and later of members of the
402:
Although the prison complex itself was constructed between 1896 and 1906, the
British authorities in India had been using the Andaman Islands as a prison since the days in the immediate aftermath of the
2107:
1924:
512:
treatment upon arrival. The outcome was the construction of the
Cellular Jail, which has been described as "a place of exclusion and isolation within a more broadly constituted remote
1000:
735:
Hunger strikes by the inmates in May 1933 caught the attention of the jail authorities. Thirty-three prisoners protested their treatment and sat in hunger strike. Among them were
711:
wanted to kill the
Superintendent and the Viceroy as a revenge for his sentence, which he thought was more severe than he deserved. He said that he killed on the instructions of
2102:
726:
In March 1868, 238 prisoners tried to escape. By April they were all caught. One committed suicide and of the remainder Superintendent Walker ordered 87 to be hanged.
771:
and her daughter, Grace). He was tortured, declared insane due to malarial infection, transferred to the island's lunatic ward at Haddo, and held there for 14 years.
470:
The remote islands were considered to be a suitable place to punish the independence activists. Not only were they isolated from the mainland, the overseas journey (
491:
had picked up momentum. As a result, the number of prisoners being sent to the Andamans grew and the need for a high-security prison was felt. From August 1889
1284:
793:
different caliber and which are now on display, along with his photograph, in the Kolkata Police Museum, situated in the premises of North Kolkata DC Office.)
1476:
2147:
2092:
1164:
500:
2082:
1140:
1015:
On 7 October 1945 the British resumed control of the Islands, and prison, following the surrender of the islands to Brigadier J. A. Salomons, of the
455:. More prisoners arrived from India and Burma as the settlement grew. Anyone who belonged to the Mughal royal family, or who had sent a petition to
1104:
124:
2142:
1043:
Hospital was set up in the premises of the Cellular Jail in 1963. It is now a 500-bed hospital with about 40 doctors serving the local population.
2072:
858:
prisoner of war camp, incarcerating the British warders. In 1945 the Andamans would become the first piece of India to be declared independent."
731:
concessions to be given to the prisoners who must be kept alive. Manual methods of restraint are best, then mechanical when the patient resists."
1568:
1176:
1128:
426:
to prevent them from re-offending. Two hundred rebels were transported to the islands under the custody of the jailer David Barry and Major
1116:
1716:
1647:
2137:
1060:
is also run in the evenings narrating and showcasing the trials and tribulations of the inmates. It is available in English and Hindi.
2112:
2077:
1188:
1049:
The centenary of the jail's completion was marked on 10 March 2006. Many former prisoners were celebrated on this occasion by the
1008:, many of whom were tortured and killed there by the Japanese. Notionally during this period control of the Islands was passed to
789:
Prisoner 41054, Ram Raksha, who had starved himself in protest at the removal of sacred Brahminical threads from around his chest
1802:
1372:
2132:
2097:
1545:
1451:
682:
343:
1664:
1950:
617:." In response to poor conditions in the Cellular Jail, including the quality of prison food, numerous prisoners went on
476:) to the islands also threatened them with loss of caste, resulting in social exclusion. The convicts were also used in
1828:
1046:
Cellular Jail was declared a National Memorial by the then Prime Minister of India, Morarji Desai on 11 February 1979.
452:
2002:
1775:
1690:
780:
Prisoner 31555, Indu Bhushan Roy (hanged himself with a strand of torn kurta, "exhausted by the unrelenting oil mill")
2117:
2087:
1748:
801:
Naringun Singh (guilty of desertion at Nuddea) (hanged himself in his cell, due to torture by the prison authorities)
495:
served as home secretary in the Raj government, and was also tasked with an investigation of the penal settlement at
2122:
1586:
809:
700:
448:
1951:"Dedication of INSAT- 3C/ Inauguration of Andaman & Nicobar Islands Tele-medicine Project (G B Pant Hospital)"
798:
Prisoner 147 Dhirendra Chowdhury (robbery to raise funds for bombs and guns), one of the few survivors of Kalapani
2028:
1407:
736:
531:
846:) was the first to try to escape. He was fished from the black water, hauled up before Dr Walker and executed.
1925:"This Day In 1943 Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Hoisted First Independent Indian Flag In Andaman & Nicobar"
1312:
1016:
830:
255:
488:
391:
117:
1620:
707:
from 1869, was visiting the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in February 1872 when he was murdered by Afridi.
535:
327:
559:
The building had seven wings, at the center of which a tower served as the intersection and was used by
1005:
20:
1077:
film was based on the prison and its inmates during 1915. Some scenes were shot in the actual prison.
816:, who arrived at the Andaman Islands on an inspection tour on 8 February 1872; hanged on 11 March 1872
548:
The construction of the prison started in 1896 and was completed in 1906. The original building was a
670:
1572:
1200:
404:
247:
1057:
1253:
567:. The wings radiated from the tower in straight lines, much like the spokes of a bicycle wheel.
1726:
1644:
431:
1441:
1259:
744:
650:
630:
614:
527:
427:
383:
375:
267:
259:
1513:
1089:
775:
686:
335:
767:, killing the bridge partners of Douglas Kingsford, the chief presidency magistrate, Mrs.
595:
Conditions faced by prisoners in the Cellular Jail were frequently abysmal. As noted in a
37:
8:
2127:
1859:
1050:
1040:
1009:
854:
560:
492:
387:
339:
283:
203:
69:
1799:
1380:
422:
were put on trial, with many of them being executed. Others were exiled for life to the
1080:
1020:
654:
456:
410:
371:
367:
359:
275:
251:
1351:
1824:
1541:
1447:
1306:
693:, was transferred to Berhampore Jail in Bengal, before his mysterious death in 1924.
678:
570:
472:
218:
563:
to keep watch on the inmates; this format was based on Jeremy Bentham's idea of the
1481:
1074:
813:
704:
646:
642:
638:
363:
355:
235:
1954:
1507:
1493:
786:
Prisoner 38511, Baba Bhan Singh, who had been beaten to death by David Barry's men
1976:
1806:
1651:
1535:
1352:"Cellular jail District South Andaman, Government of Andaman and Nicobar | India"
1326:
1084:
996:
805:
768:
708:
696:
674:
634:
552:-colored brick building. The bricks used to build the building were brought from
508:
351:
291:
92:
1800:
History of Andaman Cellular Jail: Atrocities committed on early freedom fighters
783:
Prisoner 38360, Chattar Singh, who was suspended in an iron suit for three years
1485:
1247:
850:
658:
504:
462:
312:
239:
1752:
2066:
760:
752:
681:
were also lodged in Cellular Jail. Several revolutionaries were tried in the
622:
618:
610:
279:
139:
126:
2006:
1225:
1024:
748:
740:
606:
597:
263:
175:
764:
690:
662:
423:
347:
331:
243:
1590:
718:
1239:
666:
564:
496:
477:
379:
271:
88:
1411:
1293:. India. 15 August 2004. Archived from the original on 23 October 2007
822:
Prisoner 10817, Choitun, came the closest to succeeding. According to
1721:
1426:
1289:
1069:
1233:
1953:(Press release). Indian Space Research Organization. Archived from
419:
842:
Prisoner 61, Narain (having excited sedition in the cantonment at
540:
1327:"Cellular Jail: Timing, Updated Photos, History and reviews 2020"
843:
836:
Prisoner 89, Mohan Kishore, had also been killed. Drowned in milk
602:
481:
439:
1170:
The hanging cell, where three prisoners could be hanged at once
861:
State-wise list of freedom fighters sent to the Cellular Jail:
459:
during the Rebellion was liable to be deported to the islands.
2005:. Andaman & Nicobar Administration website. Archived from
1439:
712:
553:
513:
444:
394:. Today, the complex serves as a national memorial monument.
193:
188:
110:
1589:. Andaman and Nicobar Administration website. Archived from
1410:. Andaman and Nicobar Administration website. Archived from
2108:
Buildings and structures in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
2057:
1665:"MOPLAH REBELLION (PRISONERS). (Hansard, 18 February 1924)"
1158:
Special condemned cell for keeping prisoners before hanging
751:(also convicted in Arms Act Case). These three died due to
549:
435:
1776:"The Assassination of Lord Mayo : The "First" Jihad?"
1691:"The Assassination of Lord Mayo : The "First" Jihad?"
763:(made home-made bombs that exploded inside a carriage in
587:
503:, a surgeon in the IMS, concluded that the punishment of
1846:
Bejoy Kumar Sinha: A Revolutionary's Quest for Sacrifice
1884:
1821:
Andaman and Nicobar Islands: A Saga of Freedom Struggle
2103:
Tourist attractions in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
1440:
Alison Bashford; Carolyn Strange (12 November 2012).
418:
Shortly after the rebellion was suppressed, captured
1215:
971:Himachal/ NW Frontier/ Tamil Nadu/ State not known
434:(IMS) doctor who had been warden of the prison at
1619:Scott-Clark, Cathy; Levy, Adrian (22 June 2001).
1395:Pioneer Biographies of the British Period to 1947
2064:
1433:
839:Prisoner 93 Mohit Mitra, killed. Drowned in milk
582:
1618:
1533:
1110:Exhibit at Cellular Jail: model of the facility
466:Port Blair - Viper New Jails under construction
1717:"Hundred years of the Andamans Cellular Jail"
1408:"Hundred years of the Andamans Cellular Jail"
1537:Isolation: places and practices of exclusion
1500:
1480:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1443:Isolation: Places and Practices of Exclusion
1279:
1277:
451:, and later died there and is buried at the
1885:"Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India"
1561:
1534:Strange, Carolyn; Bashford, Alison (2003).
2148:Prisons in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
2093:History of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1579:
1400:
217:
1274:
414:The Ross Island Prison Headquarters, 1872
2083:Prisoners and detainees of British India
1122:Exhibit at Cellular Jail: flogging frame
717:
586:
569:
539:
461:
409:
326:), was a British colonial prison in the
2143:World Heritage Tentative List for India
1922:
1741:
1597:
1477:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2073:Government buildings completed in 1906
2065:
1995:
1818:
1767:
72:(Indian independence freedom fighters)
1843:
1714:
1708:
1682:
1645:Freedom Fighters Deported to Andamans
1540:. London: Routledge. pp. 41–42.
1063:
480:to construct prisons, buildings, and
1943:
1923:Abraham, Bobins (30 December 2017).
1285:"A memorial to the freedom fighters"
1263:, a 1996 Indian film set in the jail
1030:
346:, including Sardar Singh Artillery,
2003:"Cellular Jail completes 100 years"
1916:
1467:
1377:This is about Andaman Cellular Jail
320:
13:
2138:20th-century architecture in India
1569:"Cellular Jail - Darkness At Noon"
1373:"History of Andaman Cellular Jail"
1134:Exhibit at Cellular Jail: oil mill
453:Old Christian Cemetery, Abbottabad
14:
2159:
2051:
1773:
1688:
1571:. MapsofIndia.com. Archived from
747:(convicted in Arms Act Case) and
392:struggle for India's independence
2113:Monuments and memorials in India
2078:British colonial prisons in Asia
1977:"Cellular Jail, Andaman Islands"
1913:(Delhi: Vikas Publ.) 1978 p. 249
1781:. IJAPS, Vol 5, No.2 (July 2009)
1696:. IJAPS, Vol 5, No.2 (July 2009)
1446:. Psychology Press. p. 37.
1232:
1218:
1199:
1187:
1175:
1163:
1151:
1139:
1127:
1115:
1103:
390:were imprisoned here during the
187:
103:
36:
2021:
1969:
1903:
1877:
1852:
1837:
1812:
1793:
1715:Kapse, Ram (21 December 2005).
1657:
1638:
1527:
1001:invasion of the Andaman islands
519:
1749:"The Murder of Lord Mayo 1872"
1512:. India Office. 1905. p.
1509:The India List and Office List
1387:
1365:
1344:
1319:
990:
715:. He was subsequently hanged.
601:article, prisoner could face "
532:Indian vernacular architecture
487:By the late 19th century, the
1:
1751:. andaman.org. Archived from
1267:
1250:, British police commissioner
1017:116th Indian Infantry Brigade
689:, the surviving companion of
583:Prison conditions and inmates
449:St. Luke's Church, Abbottabad
358:, Shadan Chandra Chatterjee,
330:. The prison was used by the
42:Entrance of the Cellular Jail
16:Indian island colonial prison
2133:1906 establishments in India
2098:Indian independence movement
1981:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
1587:"India Image: Cellular Jail"
1494:UK public library membership
1474:"Lyall, Sir Charles James".
1206:Cellular Jail in the evening
332:colonial government of India
7:
1211:
1056:Apart from guided tours, a
875:Number of Freedom Fighters
819:Prisoner 12819, Mehtab, and
625:by the prison authorities.
621:. Those who did were often
536:Ancient Indian architecture
328:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
10:
2164:
1809:. AndamanCellularJail.org.
1654:. AndamanCellularJail.org.
1096:
1006:Indian Independence League
743:(Lahore conspiracy case),
525:
397:
21:Kala Pani (disambiguation)
18:
1848:. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
1844:Sinha, Srirajyam (1993).
1819:Murthy, R. V. R. (2011).
1311:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1182:Exterior view of one wing
671:Trailokyanath Chakravarty
316:
234:
229:
225:
216:
199:
182:
171:
163:
155:
116:
98:
84:
76:
64:
59:
51:
47:
35:
30:
2118:History museums in India
2088:Defunct prisons in India
1331:www.tropicalandamans.com
405:Indian Rebellion of 1857
248:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
2123:Prison museums in India
1823:. Kalpaz Publications.
1805:18 January 2007 at the
1621:"Survivors of our hell"
1254:Communist Consolidation
1486:10.1093/ref:odnb/34642
733:
723:
592:
575:
574:One of the seven wings
545:
467:
432:Indian Medical Service
415:
344:independence activists
745:Mohan Kishore Namadas
728:
722:Cellular Jail balcony
721:
677:arrested in the 1921
651:Sachindra Nath Sanyal
631:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi
590:
573:
543:
528:Architecture of India
489:independence movement
465:
428:James Pattison Walker
413:
384:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi
376:Sachindra Nath Sanyal
268:Sachindra Nath Sanyal
260:Mohan Kishore Namadas
2029:"Prisons of freedom"
1414:on 30 September 2007
1397:, np, nd, Appendix A
1146:Inner view of a cell
1090:The Sign of the Four
1058:sound-and-light show
1019:, a month after the
701:The 6th Earl of Mayo
687:Barindra Kumar Ghose
348:Diwan Singh Kalepani
324: 'Black Water'
156:Construction started
19:For other uses, see
1957:on 29 February 2004
1729:on 13 December 2006
1575:on 1 November 2006.
1430:, 21 December 2005.
1383:on 18 January 2007.
1051:Government of India
1041:Govind Ballabh Pant
1010:Subhas Chandra Bose
865:
855:Rabindranath Tagore
755:. Other prisoners:
493:Charles James Lyall
438:. Another 733 from
340:political prisoners
334:for the purpose of
284:Sudhangshu Dasgupta
213:
204:Government of India
136: /
77:Architectural style
70:political prisoners
60:General information
1929:The Times of India
1650:2010-09-06 at the
1081:Arthur Conan Doyle
1064:In popular culture
1021:Surrender of Japan
864:
739:, an associate of
724:
655:Hare Krishna Konar
593:
591:From inside a cell
576:
546:
468:
457:Bahadur Shah Zafar
416:
388:Sudhanshu Dasgupta
372:Hemchandra Kanungo
368:Hare Krishna Konar
276:Sohan Singh Bhakna
252:Hare Krishna Konar
211:
1911:The Andaman Story
1891:. 21 January 2022
1755:on 5 October 2012
1669:api.parliament.uk
1547:978-0-415-30980-6
1492:(Subscription or
1453:978-0-415-30980-6
1031:Post Independence
988:
987:
679:Malabar rebellion
305:, also known as '
299:
298:
230:Notable prisoners
209:
208:
140:11.675°N 92.748°E
80:Cellular, pronged
52:Alternative names
2155:
2058:cellularjail.com
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2035:. 20 August 2019
2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1973:
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1966:
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1962:
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1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1931:. Times of India
1920:
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1725:. Archived from
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1706:
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1460:
1437:
1431:
1423:
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1404:
1398:
1391:
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1384:
1379:. Archived from
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1363:
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1348:
1342:
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1317:
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1179:
1167:
1155:
1143:
1131:
1119:
1107:
1075:Historical drama
1023:, at the end of
866:
863:
814:Viceroy of India
705:Viceroy of India
685:(1908), such as
647:Babarao Savarkar
643:Vinayak Savarkar
639:Batukeshwar Dutt
501:A. S. Lethbridge
364:Vinayak Savarkar
356:Batukeshwar Dutt
325:
322:
318:
287:Bahadur Gaonbura
236:Batukeshwar Dutt
221:
214:
210:
192:
191:
151:
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148:
147:
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137:
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40:
28:
27:
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2063:
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2054:
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2048:
2038:
2036:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2012:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1983:. 15 April 2014
1975:
1974:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1934:
1932:
1921:
1917:
1909:N. Iqbal Singh
1908:
1904:
1894:
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709:Sher Ali Afridi
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1889:data.gov.in
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1553:22 November
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991:INA control
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765:Muzaffarpur
691:Bagha Jatin
663:Sohan Singh
478:chain gangs
360:Sohan Singh
244:Diwan Singh
143: /
118:Coordinates
68:Prison for
2128:Port Blair
2067:Categories
1630:7 February
1496:required.)
1459:2 February
1268:References
1240:Law portal
1083:'s second
667:Subodh Roy
565:Panopticon
526:See also:
497:Port Blair
380:Shiv Verma
317:ۘकाला पानी
308:Kālā Pānī'
289:Formud Ali
272:Shiv Verma
131:92°44′53″E
128:11°40′30″N
89:Port Blair
1987:22 August
1722:The Hindu
1427:The Hindu
1290:The Hindu
1260:Kala Pani
1070:Kaalapani
810:Lord Mayo
808:, killed
623:force-fed
473:kala pani
420:prisoners
382:, Allama
164:Completed
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2039:13 April
1860:"CSTDoc"
1803:Archived
1674:28 March
1648:Archived
1424:Source:
1307:cite web
1212:See also
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598:Guardian
516:space."
424:Andamans
1097:Gallery
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960:Odisha
938:Kerala
894:Punjab
883:Bengal
869:S. No.
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603:torture
507:to the
482:harbour
440:Karachi
398:History
336:exiling
321:transl.
178:517,352
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93:Andaman
1895:2 June
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200:Owner
194:India
111:India
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