235:
996:
1006:
249:
163:
The Press and
Publication Law of 2002 has been strongly criticized as repressive. It prohibits any publications against the regime in power, averse to the state's official religion, breaching ethics or jeopardizing public peace. Many Bahraini journalists argue that this language can be arbitrarily
187:
The IAA typically sites
Articles 19 and 20 of Bahrain's Press Laws and Regulations when blocking access to websites. According to the Article 19, āit is possible to prohibit circulation of publications instigating hatred of the political regime, encroaching on the stateās official religion,
184:. A resolution issued by the Ministry of Culture and Information in January 2009 requires all ISPs to install a website blocking software chosen by the Ministry. The IAA and select Ministries within the government can decide to block certain websites, which is then enforced by the ISP.
202:
Sayed Ahmed Al
Mousawi, the winner of more than 100 international awards was arrested in February 2014 for ādistributing SIM cardsā to persons supposedly implicated in terrorist actions and photographing anti-government demonstrations. His ten-year jail sentence was upheld in court.
117:
One source states authorities āhave held secret trials where protesters have been sentenced to death, arrested prominent mainstream opposition politicians, jailed nurses and doctors who treated injured protesters, seized the health care system that had been run primarily by
78:
Article 23 states that citizens are āfree to express their opinion and publish it ā¦ provided it does not violate the fundamentals of the
Islamic faith or the unity of the country and does not provoke sectarianism or communalism.ā
156:, whose building headquarters was attacked by a crowd of pro-government supporters carrying knives and clubs. Pro-government media, on the other hand, have allegedly engaged in presenting misinformation. According to a report by
436:
85:
Article 26 posits that āfreedom to use postal correspondence, telegraph and telephone is guaranteed as also their secrecy. Correspondence will not be censored or its secrets revealed except in cases stated in law.ā
961:
122:, fired 1,000 Shiite professionals and canceled their pensions, detained students and teachers who took part in the protests, beat and arrested journalists, and forced the closure of the only opposition newspaper.ā
589:
971:
188:
breaching ethicsā¦ā According to
Reporters Without Borders, over 1,000 websites have been blocked or shut down. This includes human rights websites, blogs, online forums and social media pages.
160:, there have been 25 instances of misinformation between 2011 and 2014. Self-censorship occurs within the media, as many newspapers elect not to cover political or controversial subjects.
89:
Many journalists argue that these clauses are open-ended and can be arbitrarily interpreted by
Bahraini officials. Various sources claim that in practice these rights are not upheld.
966:
925:
440:
935:
125:
Other repressive tactics deployed by the government against opposing figures, activists and journalists include arrests, torture, and the revocation of one's citizenship.
865:
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150:
All major newspaper outlets within
Bahrain are heavily influenced by the government besides one. The only newspaper seen as outside the sway of the government is
597:
690:
342:
981:
785:
199:
On August 31, 2014, photographer Ahmed
Humaidan was condemned to 10 years in prison after covering the 2011 uprising, allegedly for attacking the police.
465:
278:
563:
385:
180:(ISPs) are indirectly controlled through the Telecommunications Regulation Authority (TRA) under the pretext of helping to protect
910:
494:
Resolution No 1 of 2009, Ministry of
Culture and Information, published in Official Gazette, Issue No.2877, dated 8 January 2009
885:
590:"Joint letter to the King of Bahrain: Bahrain must cease judicial harassment of Faisal Hayyat and other Bahraini journalists"
930:
637:
534:
410:
437:"Bahrain Watch: 'Fabrigate': How State-Controlled Media Continues Its 'Inflammatory' Coverage Through Fabricated Reports"
504:
339:
137:
are heavily censored. Promotion of hatred, gambling or pornography are also banned from websites and media sources.
196:
Numerous journalists have been jailed under arbitrary causes, the arrests escalating during the uprisings of 2011.
720:
210:
102:
Since 2011, a surge of uprisings and demonstrations have taken place against the current regime, as part of the
1030:
830:
216:
Reporters
Without Borders and other organizations are campaigning for the release of imprisoned journalists.
173:
151:
359:"Bahrain: Two die as protestors are violently repressed: 'Ali 'Abdulhadi Mushaima', Fadhel 'Ali Matrook"
880:
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37:
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The government maintains control over the Internet by requiring all websites to register with the
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of information and repression of its people, it has become notorious for jailing journalists.
895:
810:
790:
665:
181:
505:"RSF: The Enemies of the Internet Report 2010: Bahrain under "Countries under surveillance""
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Aside from the repression of any anti-government sentiments, matters pertaining to
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21:
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Article 24 claims that āfreedom of press, printing and publishing is guaranteed.ā
346:
340:
http://www.shura.bh/en/LegislativeResource/Constitution/Pages/Constitution03.aspx
564:"Bahrain: journalist's ten-year jail term upheld, two arrested without warrant"
254:
1024:
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29:
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134:
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41:
17:
338:
Constitution of the Kingdom of Bahrain. Articles 23 -26. Online:
106:. This opposition to the government has been met with increased
213:, was arrested without a warrant at his home on June 13, 2016.
535:"Bahrain: A photojournalist condemned to 10 years in preison"
308:
62:
511:. Reporters Without Borders. 12 March 2011. Archived from
596:. Reporters Without Borders. 28 Nov 2016. Archived from
230:
75:, press and telecommunications in Articles 23ā26.
1022:
55:. Criticized by numerous organizations for its
386:"Bahrain's Sunni rulers target Shiite mosques"
631:
439:. Bahrain Watch. 22 Sep 2014. Archived from
411:"Gangs with clubs attack Bahrain newspaper"
638:
624:
570:. Reporters Without Borders. 16 June 2016
63:Constitutional laws regarding censorship
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383:
69:Constitution of the Kingdom of Bahrain
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285:. Freedom House. 2016. Archived from
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110:and harsher censoring measures for
13:
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14:
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20:is deemed āNot Freeā in terms of
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470:Bahraini Journalists Association
315:. Reporter without borders. 2016
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509:Bahrain Center for Human Rights
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211:Bahrain Centre for Human Rights
962:British Indian Ocean Territory
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1:
174:Information Affairs Authority
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384:Gutman, Roy (May 11, 2011).
44:162nd out of 180 countries.
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209:, a blogger who heads the
178:Internet Service Providers
990:
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594:Reporters Without Borders
568:Reporters Without Borders
313:Reporters Without Borders
38:Reporters Without Borders
34:World Press Freedom Index
711:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
261:
241:Freedom of speech portal
145:
972:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
226:Human rights in Bahrain
49:constitutional monarchy
73:freedoms of expression
1031:Censorship in Bahrain
363:Amnesty International
182:intellectual property
886:United Arab Emirates
53:Khalifa royal family
913:limited recognition
476:on 12 February 2018
646:Censorship in Asia
600:on 15 January 2018
345:2016-12-02 at the
283:Freedom on the Net
192:Journalist arrests
18:Kingdom of Bahrain
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955:other territories
541:. RFI. 9 Jan 2014
289:on April 24, 2019
93:Censored subjects
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47:Bahrain is a
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30:Freedom House
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26:Press Freedom
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951:Dependencies
881:Turkmenistan
846:Saudi Arabia
675:
602:. Retrieved
598:the original
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513:the original
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287:the original
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207:Nabeel Rajab
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135:human rights
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104:Arab Springs
101:
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15:
1010:Asia portal
911:States with
831:Philippines
771:South Korea
766:North Korea
661:Afghanistan
466:"Press Law"
51:led by the
32:. The 2016
22:Net Freedom
891:Uzbekistan
866:Tajikistan
781:Kyrgyzstan
761:Kazakhstan
681:Bangladesh
671:Azerbaijan
390:CS Monitor
112:dissidents
108:repression
98:Opposition
57:censorship
977:Hong Kong
931:Palestine
856:Sri Lanka
851:Singapore
731:Indonesia
309:"Bahrain"
279:"Bahrain"
71:outlines
1025:Category
1000:Category
921:Abkhazia
871:Thailand
826:Pakistan
806:Mongolia
801:Maldives
796:Malaysia
696:Cambodia
415:ABC News
343:Archived
220:See also
168:Internet
153:Al-Wasat
896:Vietnam
811:Myanmar
791:Lebanon
721:Georgia
676:Bahrain
666:Armenia
395:Nov 15,
319:Nov 15,
293:Nov 15,
176:(IAA).
120:Shiites
42:Bahrain
40:ranked
941:Taiwan
876:Turkey
841:Russia
776:Kuwait
756:Jordan
746:Israel
706:Cyprus
691:Brunei
686:Bhutan
604:29 Nov
574:29 Nov
545:28 Nov
519:28 Nov
480:28 Nov
447:28 Nov
421:28 Nov
369:15 Nov
982:Macau
901:Yemen
861:Syria
836:Qatar
816:Nepal
751:Japan
726:India
716:Egypt
701:China
262:Notes
146:Press
821:Oman
786:Laos
741:Iraq
736:Iran
606:2016
576:2016
547:2016
521:2016
482:2016
449:2016
423:2016
397:2016
371:2016
321:2016
295:2016
67:The
24:and
16:The
953:and
539:rfi
36:by
28:by
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