295:, most of the Kanyakubja city was in ruins by 1030 CE. Therefore, it appears that Varanasi was the chief seat of Gahadavala power. Chandradeva probably moved his capital to Kanyakubja, since that city was reputed as the capital of earlier emperors. Thus, Kanyakubja became a 'capital of honour' for the Gahadavalas, although Varanasi remained their main seat of power.
259:
rulers of Delhi acknowledged the suzerainty of the
Gahadavalas. If this assumption is true, then Chandradeva's kingdom extended from Delhi in the north-west to Varanasi in the south-east. However, P. C. Roy does not find this theory convincing. He points out that Delhi was ruled by the
286:
According to the 1104 CE Bashai inscription of his successor
Madanapala, Chandradeva established his capital at Kanyakbuja. No other Gahadavala inscription mentions Kanyakubja as the kingdom's capital, and the vast majority of the dynasty's inscriptions have been found in and around
182:
Parameshvara Parama-Maheshvara
Shriman Chandra-deva". They portray Chandradeva as the saviour of the earth (that is, the region which they ruled). The 1104 CE Bashai (Basahi) inscription states that Chandradeva saved the distressed earth, after the death of
408:
in
Ayodhya had an idol named "Chandra-hari", believed to be installed by a pilgrim named Chandra, who had visited Ayodhya to worship Vishnu. This may be a reference to Chandradeva's construction of a temple and the installation of an idol there.
218:
In these troubled times, Chandradeva established a new government, and brought peace to the region. The 1093 CE Chandrawati inscription states that
Chandradeva's dynasty captured Kanyakubja, after the destruction of the descendants of the
303:
The 1093 CE Chandrawati inscription states that
Chandradeva defeated Narapati, Gajapati, Giripati and Trishankupati. These appear to be different classes of feudatories; "Narapati" and "Gajapati" have been used as imperial titles in some
357:, whose sounds had almost been silenced." An inscription of his grandson Govindachandra describes him as Hari (Vishnu) born on the earth at the request of Hara (Shiva) to protect Varanasi from "the wicked Turk warrior". The 1197 Kotwa (
206:
had almost disappeared. These descriptions suggest that the region suffered from chaos during the interregnum following the deaths of Bhoja (r. c. 1010-1055 CE) and Karna (r. c. 1038-1080 CE), probably as a result of the
308:
inscriptions. Since the
Kalachuris controlled the area around Varanasi before the Gahadavalas, it appears that Chandradeva captured this area from them. The Kalachuri king defeated by him was probably
272:
is the furthest point in the north-west where a
Gahadavala inscription has been discovered. Therefore, Roy argues that Indrasthaniyaka should be identified with a place other than Delhi.
148:
Although the
Gahadavala inscriptions mention two of his ancestors, he was the first sovereign monarch of his family. Amid the chaos resulting from the decline of
878:
Sheldon
Pollock (1993). "Deep Orientalism? Notes on Sanskrit and Power Beyond the Raj.". In Carol Appadurai Breckenridge; Peter van der Veer (eds.).
358:
175:
According to the Gahadavala inscriptions, Chandradeva was a son of Mahichandra (alias Mahitala or Mahiyala), and a grandson of Yashovigraha.
914:
319:). However, no records attribute any military successes to him in the east. It is possible that he unsuccessfully tried to invade the
368:
The inscriptions of Chandradeva, discovered at Chandrawati (or Chandravati) in Varanasi district, record grants to hundreds of
991:
986:
945:
960:
362:
849:
828:
807:
279:
formed the southern boundary of Chandradeva's kingdom; the northern boundary was probably did not go far beyond the
907:
377:
235:
The 1090 CE Chandrawati inscription states that Chandradeva protected (that is, ruled) the sacred places of Kashi (
940:
69:
247:) and Indrasthaniyaka. The identification of Indrasthaniyaka is not certain, but some scholars believe it to be
191:'s fame. The 1109 Rahin (or Rahan) inscription states that Chandradeva was born after the destruction of the
268:
according to historical records, none of which mention the Gahadavalas as rulers of Delhi. Rahin village in
900:
780:
315:
The 1093 CE and 1100 CE inscriptions of Chandradeva mention that his vast army marched in the east (the
981:
265:
501:
Village grant made by Chandradeva in 1098 CE. Inscription issued by Madanapala after his death.
223:
king Devapala. In his 1090 CE Chandrawati inscription, Chandradeva assumes the imperial title
818:
305:
149:
337:โ Bhimayashas โ defeated the ruler of Kanyakubja. This ruler was most probably Chandradeva.
879:
170:
Location of Chandrawati (or Chandravati), where inscriptions of Chandradeva have been found
365:
describes Chandradeva as the protector of several holy places including Kashi (Varnaasi).
178:
The Gahadavala inscriptions give the titles and name of Chandradeva as "Parama-bhattaraka
8:
156:
invasions, Chandradeva established a government in the Kanyakubja-Varanasi region of the
776:
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220:
80:
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456:
398:
196:
192:
134:
870:
325:
276:
252:
188:
417:
The following inscriptions from Chandradeva's reign have been discovered:
955:
320:
309:
280:
881:
Orientalism and the Postcolonial Predicament: Perspectives on South Asia
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316:
138:
130:
95:
892:
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153:
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142:
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334:
244:
240:
90:
20:
37:
Parama-bhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Parameshvara Parama-Maheshvara
385:
255:). According to historian Roma Niyogi, it is possible that the
227:, which indicates that he had become a sovereign by this time.
157:
737:
713:
653:
619:
617:
725:
354:
248:
203:
184:
129:
CE), also known as Chandraditya, was an Indian king from the
701:
677:
641:
614:
590:
580:
578:
576:
563:
561:
404:
115:
752:
521:
Village grants to 500 Brahmins and Chandra-Madhava temple
689:
665:
534:
602:
573:
558:
546:
133:
dynasty. He ruled the Antarvedi country in present-day
629:
402:
mentions that the Vasudeva temple at the Svarga-dvara
887:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 76โ133.
345:
One of Chandradeva's inscription describes him as "
799:The Battle for Rama: Case of the Temple at Ayodhya
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837:
659:
877:
719:
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225:Parama-bhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Parameshvara
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361:) inscription of the last Gahadavala ruler
915:
901:
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388:) and perform other religious rites. The
841:Banaras: Making of India's Heritage City
791:. Indian Archaeological Society: 35โ39.
349:himself born upon the earth to restore
974:
922:
896:
862:The History of the Gฤhaแธavฤla Dynasty
230:
243:), Uttara Koshala (the area around
13:
298:
14:
1003:
202:dynasties, when the voice of the
16:Indian king, ruled c. 1072 โ 1103
163:
768:
480:Village grants to 500 Brahmins
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1:
820:The Coinage of Northern India
527:
515:Varanasi (Adikeshava Ghatta)
119:
51:
992:12th-century Indian monarchs
987:11th-century Indian monarchs
779:(1993). K.N. Dikshit (ed.).
7:
340:
10:
1008:
18:
931:
838:Rana P. B. Singh (2009).
380:mentions that he visited
101:
89:
79:
75:
65:
47:
42:
35:
30:
378:copper-plate inscription
323:territory. According to
796:Meenakshi Jain (2017).
187:and the destruction of
844:. Cambridge Scholars.
781:"Ayodhyฤ and God Rฤma"
660:Rana P. B. Singh 2009
491:Varanasi (Trilochana
384:to worship Vasudeva (
859:Roma Niyogi (1959).
720:Sheldon Pollock 1993
372:. His 1093 CE (1150
118:: Candradeva, ruled
749:, pp. 245โ260.
732:Meenakshi Jain 2017
426:Place of discovery
423:Date of issue (CE)
19:For the deity, see
817:P. C. Roy (1980).
396:manuscript of the
231:Territorial extent
969:
968:
759:A.M. Shastri 1993
710:, pp. 52โ54.
686:, pp. 47โ48.
650:, pp. 50โ51.
626:, pp. 51โ52.
599:, pp. 45โ46.
525:
524:
510:Varanasi district
467:Varanasi district
444:Varanasi district
221:Gurjara-Pratihara
109:
108:
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982:Gahadavala kings
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541:Roma Niyogi 1959
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463:23 October 1093
440:7 November 1090
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333:'s feudatory in
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455:Village grant,
449:Sauri-Narayana
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392:section of the
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301:
299:Military career
291:. According to
270:Etawah district
233:
180:Maharajadhiraja
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126:
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58:
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43:Gahadavala king
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734:, p. 108.
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636:P. C. Roy 1980
628:
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543:, p. 261.
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512:: Chandrawati
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587:, p. 45.
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363:Harishchandra
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359:Machchlishahr
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317:eastern India
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264:and then the
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215:) invasions.
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164:Rise to power
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135:Uttar Pradesh
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22:
935:
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865:. Oriental.
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777:A.M. Shastri
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413:Inscriptions
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367:
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326:Ramacharitam
324:
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310:Yashah-Karna
302:
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277:Yamuna river
274:
253:Indraprastha
239:), Kushika (
234:
224:
217:
177:
174:
147:
137:, including
111:
110:
36:
25:
956:Jayachandra
936:Chandradeva
823:. Abhinav.
281:Ganga river
127: 1103
123: 1072
112:Chandradeva
105:Mahichandra
59: 1103
55: 1072
31:Chandradeva
976:Categories
941:Madanapala
924:Gahadavala
785:Purฤtattva
528:References
432:Issued by
429:Issued at
266:Chahamanas
152:power and
139:Kanyakubja
131:Gahadavala
125: โ c.
96:Gahadavala
85:Madanapala
70:Madanapala
57: โ c.
802:. Aryan.
394:Vrindavan
347:Svayambhu
306:Kalachuri
293:Al-Biruni
213:Ghaznavid
200:Kshatriya
154:Ghaznavid
150:Kalachuri
66:Successor
488:Unknown
435:Purpose
370:Brahmins
353:and the
341:Religion
331:Ramapala
289:Varanasi
237:Varanasi
209:Turushka
195:and the
160:plains.
158:Gangetic
143:Varanasi
926:dynasty
871:5386449
473:Ayodhya
382:Ayodhya
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245:Ayodhya
241:Kannauj
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493:Ghatta
386:Vishnu
351:dharma
262:Tomara
257:Tomara
102:Father
885:(PDF)
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251:(see
249:Delhi
204:Vedas
197:lunar
193:solar
189:Karna
185:Bhoja
81:Issue
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867:OCLC
846:ISBN
825:ISBN
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355:Veda
321:Pala
275:The
141:and
116:IAST
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