Changeling - Knowledge

491:"Nothing under heaven could have a more beautiful face; but though between five and six years old, and seemingly healthy, he was so far from being able to walk, or stand, that he could not so much as move any one joint; his limbs were vastly long for his age, but smaller than an infant's of six months; his complexion was perfectly delicate, and he had the finest hair in the world; he never spoke, nor cried, ate scarcely anything, and was very seldom seen to smile, but if any one called him a fairy-elf, he would frown and fix his eyes so earnestly on those who said it, as if he would look them through. His mother, or at least his supposed mother, being very poor, frequently went out a-charing, and left him a whole day together. The neighbours, out of curiosity, have often looked in at the window to see how he behaved when alone, which, whenever they did, they were sure to find him laughing and in the utmost delight. This made them judge that he was not without company more pleasing to him than any mortal's could be; and what made this conjecture seem the more reasonable was, that if he were left ever so dirty, the woman at her return saw him with a clean face, and his hair combed with the utmost exactness and nicety." 652:. (which is depicted by the image), a princess is kidnapped by trolls and replaced with their offspring against the wishes of the troll mother. The changelings grow up with their new parents, but both find it hard to adapt: the human girl is disgusted by her future bridegroom, a troll prince, whereas the troll girl is bored by her life and her dull human prospective groom. Upset with the conditions of their lives, they both go astray in the forest, passing each other without noticing it. The princess comes to the castle, whereupon the queen immediately recognizes her, and the troll girl finds a troll woman cursing loudly as she works. The troll girl bursts out that the troll woman is much more fun than any other person she has ever seen, and her mother happily sees that her true daughter has returned. The human girl and the troll girl marry happily on the same day. 5126: 620: 29: 519:). Often, it was thought a baby would be snatched and replaced with a simulation of the baby, usually a male adult elf, to be suckled by the mother. The real baby would be treated well by the elves and would grow up to be one of them, whereas the changeling baby would be discontented and wearisome. Many herbs, salves, and seeds could be used for discovering the fairy-folk and ward off their designs. It was also believed that to force a changeling to reveal itself, it must either be surprised into speech or made to laugh. 635:) so the trolls will return her son. Still, she refuses, unable to mistreat an innocent child despite knowing its nature. When her husband demands she abandon the changeling, she refuses, and he leaves her – whereupon he meets their son in the forest, wandering free. The son explains that since his mother had never been cruel to the changeling, so the troll mother had never been cruel to him, and when she sacrificed what was dearest to her, her husband, they had realized they had no power over her and released him. 616:

could force the child's return by treating the changeling cruelly, using methods such as whipping or even inserting it in a heated oven. In at least one case, a woman was taken to court for killing her child in an oven. In Sweden, it was believed that a fire must be kept lit in the room housing a child before it is christened and that the water used to bathe the child should not be thrown out, since both of these precautions will prevent the child from being taken by trolls.

952:, or non-reciprocal offspring-swapping. Rather than raising their young alone, they will lay their egg in another's nest, leaving the burden of raising their young on the unsuspecting parents of another species altogether. More often than not, the invading species hatches sooner than its "step-siblings" and grows faster, eventually hogging most nourishment brought in, and may actually "evict" the young of the host species by pushing them out of their own nest. 4321: 261: 164: 4331: 748:). Local storyteller, Jack Dunne accused Bridget of being a fairy changeling. It is debatable whether her husband, Michael, actually believed her to be a fairy; many believe that he concocted a "fairy defense" after murdering his wife in a fit of rage. The killers were convicted of manslaughter rather than murder, as even after the death, they claimed to be convinced they had killed a changeling, not Bridget Cleary herself. 130:. Most often, it was thought that fairies exchanged the children. In rare cases, the very elderly of the fairy people would be exchanged in the place of a human baby so that the old fairy could live in comfort, coddled by its human parents. Simple charms such as an inverted coat or open iron scissors left where the child sleeps were thought to ward them off; other measures included a constant watch over the child." 701:. The child will exclaim, "I have seen the acorn before the oak, but I never saw the likes of this," and vanish, only to be replaced by the original human child. Alternatively, or following this identification, it is supposedly necessary to mistreat the child by placing it in a hot oven, holding it in a shovel over a hot fire, or bathing it in a solution of 673:

be baptized, while others claim that it is because the Xana cannot produce milk. The legend says that to distinguish a "xanino" from a human baby, some pots and egg shells should be put close to the fireplace; a xanino would say: "I was born one hundred years ago, and since then I have not seen so many egg shells near the fire!".

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family's scarce resources. "The fact that the changelings' ravenous appetite is so frequently mentioned indicates that the parents of these unfortunate children saw in their continuing existence a threat to the sustenance of the entire family. Changeling tales support other historical evidence in suggesting that

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the human child for which it has been substituted, but gradually grows uglier in appearance and behaviour: ill-featured, malformed, ill-tempered, given to screaming and biting. It may be of less than usual intelligence but may equally well be identifiable because of its more-than-childlike wisdom and

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In one tale, a mother suspected her baby had been taken and replaced with a changeling. This view was proven to be correct one day when a neighbour ran into the house shouting, "Come here and ye'll se a sight! Yonder's the Fairy Hill a' alowe" (i.e., "the Fairy Hill is on fire"). To this, the elf got

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In Ireland, looking at a baby with envy – "over looking the baby" – was dangerous, as it endangered the baby, who was then in the fairies' power. So too was admiring or envying a woman or man dangerous, unless the person added a blessing; the able-bodied and beautiful were in particular danger. Women

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Some stories tell of changelings who forget they are not human and proceed to live a human life. However, in some stories, changelings who do not forget return to their fairy family, possibly leaving the human family without warning. The human child that was taken may often stay with the fairy family

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Putting a changeling in a fire would cause it to jump up the chimney and return the human child. Still, at least one tale recounts a mother with a changeling finding that a fairy woman came to her home with the human child, saying the other fairies had done the exchange, and she wanted her own baby.

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children. Scholars Goodey and Stainton have rejected a simple mapping of the modern understanding of disability onto the changeling folklore, suggesting that the word itself is too contextual and variable, and that modern sensibilities and contemporary feelings of guilt and aversion are coming into

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who used to live near rivers, fountains, and lakes, sometimes helping travellers on their journeys. The Xanas were conceived as little female fairies with supernatural beauty. They could deliver "xaninos" babies that were sometimes swapped with human babies – some legends claim this was for them to

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as he was known, was reputed to be a changeling. When taunted by other boys, he would not hesitate to draw his gully (a large knife) and dispatch them; however, being woefully short in the legs, they usually out-ran him and escaped. However, he was courageous, and when he heard that his neighbour,

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In particular, it has been suggested that autistic children would likely be labeled as changelings or elf-children due to their strange, sometimes inexplicable behavior. For example, this association might explain why fairies are often described as having an obsessive impulse to count things like

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are said to be afraid of iron, Scandinavian parents would often place an iron tool such as a pair of scissors or a knife on top of the cradle of an un-baptised infant to prevent its abduction by the trolls. It was believed that if a human child were still taken, despite such measures, the parents

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To protect a child from being kidnapped by the Mamuna, the mother would tie a red ribbon around the baby's wrist, put a red hat on its head, and keep it out of the moonlight. Other preventative methods included not washing diapers after sunset and never turning their head away from the baby as it

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Fairies would also take adult humans, especially the newly married and new mothers; young adults were taken to marry fairies instead, while new mothers were often taken to nurse fairy babies. Often when an adult was taken instead of a child, an object such as a log was left in place of the stolen

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proposes in his essay 'Changelings' that changeling tales illustrate an aspect of family survival in pre-industrial Europe. A peasant family's subsistence frequently depended upon the productive labour of each member, and it was difficult to provide for a person who was a permanent drain on the

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Other folklore says that human milk is necessary for fairy children to survive. In these cases, either the newborn human child would be switched with a fairy baby to be suckled by the human mother, or the human mother would be taken back to the fairy world to breastfeed the fairy babies. Human

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considered it more respectable to be raised by humans than by their kind and would consequently seize the opportunity to give their children a human upbringing. Some believed that trolls would only take unbaptised children, since once a child had been baptized – and therefore received into the

442:" (I bless you) or "God bless you," which would cause the fairy to abandon the child it was trying to steal. Another possible tactic was to insert oneself into an argument over who would keep the child; shouting "Give it to me" would trick the fairy into releasing the child back to a human. 312:

Some folklorists believe that fairies were memories of inhabitants of various European regions who had been driven into hiding by invaders. They held that changelings had occurred; the hiding people would exchange their sickly children for the healthy children of the occupying invader.

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insight. A common way that a changeling could identify itself is through displaying unusual behaviour when it thinks it is alone, such as jumping about, dancing or playing an instrument – though this last example is found only within Irish and Scottish legend.

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Irish legends regarding changelings typically follow the same formula: a tailor is the one who first notices a changeling, the inclusion of a fairy playing bagpipes or some other instrument, and the kidnapping of a human child through a window.

114:, a fairy child may appear sickly and will not grow in size like a normal child, and may have notable physical characteristics such as a beard or long teeth. They may also display intelligence far beyond their apparent years and possess 484:, in her "Manx Fairy Tales" (David Nutt, London, 1911), includes the tale of "The Fairy Child of Close ny Lheiy", a story of a child supposedly swapped by the fairies for a loud and unruly fairy child. The English poet and topographer 551:

the six-foot three-inch (191 cm) William Scott of Kirndean, a sturdy and strong borderer, had slandered his name, he invited the man to his house, took him up the stairs and challenged him to a duel. Scott beat a hasty retreat.

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guardian who can make miraculous cures. In one case, a changeling baby was passed through the stone for the mother to have her real child returned to her. Evil pixies had changed her child, and the stones could reverse their spell.

1239:. Frenken shows historical pictures of the topic (newborn and the devil): Frenken, Ralph, 2011, Gefesselte Kinder: Geschichte und Psychologie des Wickelns. Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Bachmann. Badenweiler. pp. 146, 218 f, 266, 293. 728:

Children identified as changelings by the superstitious were often abused or murdered, sometimes in the belief that changelings could be forced to admit their true nature by beatings, exposure to fire or water, or other trials.

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Beauty in human children and young women, particularly traits that evoke brightness or reflectivity, such as blonde hair and blue or silver eyes, are said to attract fairies, as they perhaps find preciousness in these traits.

725:(1600–1649) was reportedly rumored to have been a changeling due to his "peevish nature" as a child and a nursemaid's claim that a figure appeared mysteriously at his bedside and cast a cloak over the sleeping baby's cradle. 71:

a human being. Sometimes the changeling was a 'stock' (a piece of wood made magically to resemble the kidnapped human), more often the changeling was a supernatural being made magically to look like the kidnapped human.

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There are some rare instances of changeling beliefs being brought across the Atlantic by European settlers. The best attested case is from Iowa, 1876, where a Miss Kittie Crowe was taken by the fairies.

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The tale of surprising a changeling into speech – by brewing eggshells – is also told in Ireland, as in Wales. Various legends describe other ways to foil a would-be fairy kidnapper. One was to shout "

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stick, and pour water from an eggshell over it, all while shouting, "Take yours; give mine back." Typically, the Mamuna would feel sorry for their child and return the human baby to its mother.

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writes that modern parents have higher expectations of childbirth, and when "children don't meet these expectations, parents sometimes find a different demon to blame." A condition known as

591:, unusually small or large head, a hump, thin arms and legs, a hairy body, and long claws. Mamuna changelings would also get their first set of teeth prematurely compared to a human baby. 146:

human, enchanted to look like the person. This object in place of the human would seem to sicken and die, to be buried by the human family, while the living human was among the fairies.

2248: 5234: 921:, where children appear to follow neurotypical development in their early years and then start to show symptoms of autism, can also be compared to marks of a changeling child. 488:, who lived in the Isle of Man during the early 18th century, cites a tale of a reputed changeling that was shown to him, possibly a child with an inherited genetic disorder: 1902:

Regina Buccola (2006) Fairies, Fractious Women, and the Old Faith: Fairy Lore in Early Modern British Drama and Culture. Susquehanna University Press. ISBN 1575911035, p. 50

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is one of the most well-known cases of an adult thought to be a changeling by her family; her husband killed her, attempting to force the fairies to return his 'real' wife.

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In Nordic traditional belief, it was generally believed that trolls or beings from the subterranean realms exchanged children. Since most of the supernatural beings of

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confusing the changeling by cooking or brewing in eggshells. This will force the changeling to speak, claiming its age and revealing its position beyond synchronicity.

515:"). Along with this belief in supernatural beings was the view that they could spirit away children, and even adults, and take them back to their world (see 913:. The greater incidence of congenital disabilities in boys correlates to the belief that male infants were more likely to be taken by fairies. Psychologist 800:. Even today, infant death is common among children born with severe sickle-cell anemia, especially in areas of Africa lacking adequate medical resources. 2141: 480:

had a wide collection of myths and superstitions concerning fairies, and numerous folk tales have been collected concerning supposed changelings.

4805: 563:, depicts the abduction of a new mother, drawing on the folklore of the changelings. Although incomplete, it contains the mother's grief and the 2336: 2226: 1660: 4367: 740:; he drowned the third time. She swore she was merely attempting to drive the fairy out of him. The jury acquitted her of murder. In 1895, 595:

slept. Still, even if the Mamuna took a child, there was a way to force her to return it. The mother would take the changeling child to a

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In some instances, changelings were regarded not as substituted fairy children but as old fairies brought to the human world to die.

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Mac Philib, Séamas (1991). "The Changeling (ML 5058) Irish Versions of a Migratory Legend in Their International Context".

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forever. Feeling connected to a changeling's fate, some families merely turn their changeling loose to the wilderness.

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The devil steals a baby, leaving a concealed changeling. Early 15th-century detail of "The Legend of St. Stephen" by

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Eberly, Susan Schoon (1988). "Fairies and the folklore of disability: changelings, hybrids and the solitary fairy".

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Among the diseases or disabilities with symptoms that match the description of changelings in various legends are

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The Borderer's Table Book: Or, Gatherings of the Local History and Romance of the English and Scottish Border

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Goodey, C. F., & Stainton, Tim (2001). "Intellectual disability and the myth of the changeling myth".

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was killed by several people, including her husband and cousins, after a short bout of illness (probably

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The word oaf, a clumsy or stupid person, is derived from the historic English word for a changeling,

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Several methods are known in Germany to identify a changeling and to return the replaced real child:

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and many others. Usually, the kidnapped human was a child; but there were cases, particularly in

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folk song 'The Gartan Mother's Lullaby' also uses "sheevra" simply to mean "spirit" or "fairy".

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A changeling is typically identifiable via several traits, which vary from culture to culture.

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is so marked that Igbos themselves often translate the word into English as "changeling". The

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episode "Changeling", the characters babysit a child who has been swapped with a changeling.

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Some autistic adults have come to identify with changelings (or other replacements, such as

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attempting to heat the changeling in the oven – perhaps a lie by capacity to endure present.

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Nzewi E (May 2001). "Malevolent ọgbanje: recurrent reincarnation or sickle cell disease?".

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An Encyclopedia of Fairies, Hobgoblins, Brownies, Boogies, and Other Supernatural Creatures

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The changeling must sometimes be fed with a woman's milk before replacing the children.

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Modern scholars hypothesize some changeling tales developed in an attempt to explain

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Two 19th-century cases reflect the belief in changelings. In 1826, Anne Roche bathed

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In German folklore, several possible parents are known for changelings. Those are:

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In Scottish folklore, the children might be replacements for fairy children in the

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Leask, J; Leask, A. & Silove, N. (2005). "Evidence for autism in folklore?".

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midwives were also thought to be necessary to bring fairy babies into the world.

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by Eloise McGraw about a half human-half folk child exchanged for a human child.

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In one Swedish tale, the human mother is advised to brutalize the changeling (

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handfuls of spilled seeds. This counting preoccupation has found a place in

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The common means employed to identify a changeling is to cook a family meal

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is set in Ireland, featuring shape-shifting creature of Celtic folklore.

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traditionally believed that a woman who lost numerous children, whether

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Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews

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Strange & Secret Peoples: Fairies and Victorian Consciousness

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stories arose as an attempt to explain the loss of children with

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features shape-shifting pony-like creatures called changelings.

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The tale is notably retold by Swedish children's story author

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Chris Woodyard, 'Banshees and Changelings: Irish America' in

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features a race of shape-shifting aliens called changelings.

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The similarity between the European changeling and the Igbo

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is a Slavic spirit that exchanges babies (making them into

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Supernatural beings blamed for stealing children included

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Sánchez Vicente, Xuan Xosé; Cañedo Valle, Xesús (2003).

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Hektoen International: A Journal of Medical Humanities

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Ingemark, Camilla Benita Asplund (28 January 2005).

2337:"Q&A: Changeling Writer J. Michael Straczynski" 1626:Spence, Lewis; Cannell, W. Otway (6 January 2010). 1568:, lyrics by Seosamh MacCathmhaoil (Joseph Campbell) 1417: 1415: 1413: 1017:

is about a little girl believed to be a changeling.

2324:. Season 03. Episode 02. 11 October 2007. The CW. 2142:Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 1585:by Fran and Geoff Doel, The History Press, 2009, 627:of two trolls with a human child they have raised 59:-like creature found throughout much of European 6290: 1578: 1576: 1574: 1410: 789:, a buried object tying it to the mortal world. 5140: 5097: 5088: 5079: 5042: 5008: 4967: 4949: 4940: 4917: 4908: 4882: 4873: 3338: 2277:Presentation at the 1999 Autreat conference of 2273:The Role of Changeling Lore in Autistic Culture 1498:(1986), p. 47, New York : Gramercy Books, 773:or early in infancy, was being tormented by an 1605: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1496:A Treasury of Irish Myth, Legend, and Folklore 664:(Northern Spain), there is a legend about the 271:In medieval Scandinavia, it was believed that 5235: 5167: 5158: 5149: 5111: 5026: 5017: 4999: 4990: 4958: 4839: 4830: 4799: 4361: 2380: 1991: 1760:The tale is notably retold by Swedish author 1625: 1571: 1218: 1216: 5070: 5061: 4976: 4926: 1616:, Printed for the author, 1846. pp. 133–134. 1203:"Changelings" (Pantheon Books, 1976) p. 71. 4668: 4659: 4517: 4375: 1961: 1959: 1596: 1492:Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry 1070:The 2024 American supernatural horror film 717: 5242: 5228: 4806: 4792: 4368: 4354: 4330: 2387: 2373: 1486: 1484: 1232: 1230: 1228: 1213: 1164: 542:sometime during the early 19th century, a 280:– the trolls were powerless to abduct it. 63:. A changeling was a substitute left by a 4813: 2213:The British Journal of Medical Psychology 2094: 395:who advocated for baptism of changelings. 248:Learn how and when to remove this message 2098:Little Oxford Dictionary of Word Origins 1956: 1861:El gran libro de la mitología asturiana 1644:The English and Scottish Popular Ballads 1356:The English and Scottish Popular Ballads 1292: 618: 531:?" and made his way out of the chimney. 291:; this is best known from the ballad of 259: 27: 2394: 2180:"The Enduring Legend of the Changeling" 2034: 1891:Magical Folk: British and Irish Fairies 1526: 1481: 1261: 1225: 1193: 848: 347:In Germany, the changeling is known as 142:was frequently the solution selected." 6291: 1555: 1540: 824: 330:stones in Cornwall are said to have a 47:, also historically referred to as an 5223: 4787: 4349: 4335:List of beings referred to as fairies 3337: 2540: 2368: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2120: 2118: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1443:. Meersburg, Leipzig 1930, pp. 142 f. 1369: 1010:derives its names from this folklore. 955: 495:Lowland Scotland and Northern England 434:states: being a new bride or mother. 2541: 2334: 2174: 1965: 1878:British Goblins: The Realm of Faerie 1788:. Store norske leksikon. 21 May 2019 1377:The Fairy-Faith in Celtic Countries. 1274:from the original on 11 January 2017 1237:Ashliman, D. L., "Changelings", 1997 1160: 1158: 1156: 944:Several species of birds, fish, and 708: 186:adding citations to reliable sources 157: 5249: 1549:A Social History of Ancient Ireland 1379:Reprinted 1981. Pub. Colin Smythe. 1325:Briggs (1976) "Golden Hair", p. 194 13: 2242:Wing, L. & Potter, D. (2002). 2163: 2115: 1678: 1629:Legends & Romances of Brittany 1262:Alvarez, Sandra (6 January 2015). 1023:My Little Pony Friendship is Magic 471: 376:hitting or whipping the changeling 14: 6350: 2335:Cruz, Gilbert (23 October 2008). 1737:"Scandinavian Changeling Legends" 1153: 751: 5961:Johann Peter Petri (Black Peter) 5124: 4329: 4320: 4319: 2294:"So Weird: Season 3, Episode 12" 2270: 2225:Albury, William R. (Fall 2011). 2157:Archives of Disease in Childhood 1035:is based on changeling folklore. 681:In Wales, the changeling child ( 527:me! What'll come o' me wife and 162: 126:, the love of a human child, or 4389:Scottish mythology and folklore 2328: 2311: 2286: 2264: 2255: 2236: 2219: 2200: 2194:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry 2148: 2133: 2088: 2063: 2028: 1985: 1947: 1938: 1926: 1905: 1896: 1883: 1867: 1852: 1826: 1800: 1778: 1754: 1729: 1709: 1653: 1636: 1619: 1517: 1508: 1468: 1455: 1446: 1360: 1341: 1001:episode "The Kids Are Alright". 857:, developmentally disabled, or 792:Many scholars now believe that 173:needs additional citations for 1535:Dictionary of Celtic Mythology 1328: 1319: 1286: 1255: 1242: 606: 560:The Queen of Elfland's Nourice 548:Little Hobbie o' The Castleton 452:The modern Irish girl's name, 316: 102: 1: 2049:10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00245-8 2006:10.1016/s0140-6736(83)90524-x 1880:. Felinfach: Llanerch, 1991. 1562:"The Gartan Mother's Lullaby" 1146: 430:were especially in danger in 16:Creature in European folklore 6324:European legendary creatures 5369:Companions of Saint Nicholas 2279:Autism Network International 1474:Jacob Grimm, Wilhelm Grimm: 1461:Jacob Grimm, Wilhelm Grimm: 1299:Åbo Akademi University Press 970:The 1997 Newbery Honor Book 939: 813:was a rough analogue of the 783:was to find and destroy its 511:) lived in "elf hills" (or " 503:region it was believed that 99:, where adults were taken. 7: 6304:Child abduction in folklore 6231:Hirschsprung (Black Forest) 3339:Fairy-like beings worldwide 2101:. Oxford University Press. 1375:Wentz, W. Y. Evans (1911). 1264:"Trolls in the Middle Ages" 1078: 992:Changelings feature in the 321: 153: 21:Changeling (disambiguation) 10: 6355: 6203:Volksmärchen der Deutschen 6038:Peter Nikoll (Black Peter) 4669: 4660: 2406:Classifications of fairies 1808:"Index of /Kurtglim/Del1i" 1478:. Hamburg 2014, pp. 134 f. 1465:. Hamburg 2014, pp. 126 f. 1425:. Wiesbaden 2007, p. 1039. 1315:– via Research Gate. 964:Star Trek: Deep Space Nine 424: 342: 18: 6261: 6180: 5791: 5269: 5262:German-speaking countries 5257: 5201: 5180: 5133: 5122: 4823: 4764: 4756: 4744: 4736: 4720: 4708: 4700: 4678: 4636: 4627: 4618: 4609: 4600: 4591: 4577: 4568: 4559: 4545: 4536: 4527: 4518: 4510: 4498: 4490: 4478: 4469: 4461: 4449: 4441: 4425: 4413: 4404: 4396: 4384: 4310: 4239: 4172: 4027: 3931: 3815: 3808: 3742: 3593: 3467: 3391: 3344: 3333: 3056: 2810: 2547: 2536: 2505: 2412: 2403: 2095:Cresswell, Julia (2014). 1697:(in Polish). 15 July 2015 1407:. Wiesbaden 2007, p. 364. 821:to the west of Igboland. 756: 723:King Charles I of England 570: 440:Gairim agus coisricim thú 5835:Christman Genipperteinga 2318:"The Kids Are Alright". 1532:MacKillop, James (2004) 903:autism spectrum disorder 718:In the historical record 676: 655: 546:called Robert Elliot or 6181:Legends and fairy tales 5989:Kunigunde von Orlamünde 5947:Heinrich von Winkelried 5098: 5089: 5080: 4950: 4941: 4883: 2775:Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar 1953:Silver (1999) pp. 64–65 1583:Folklore of Northumbria 1250:A Dictionary of Fairies 6066:Rüdiger von Bechelaren 5849:Eppelein von Gailingen 5168: 5159: 5150: 5141: 5112: 5071: 5062: 5043: 5027: 5018: 5009: 5000: 4991: 4977: 4968: 4959: 4927: 4918: 4909: 4874: 4840: 4831: 4247:Christmas gift-bringer 2665:Brown Man of the Muirs 2145:. 37.3 : 223-240. 1614:Moses Aaron Richardson 1523:Yeats (1986) pp. 48–50 1452:WA TR 4: 358, No. 4513 1061:novel of the same name 1032:The Hole in the Ground 1020:The children's series 961:The television series 649:Bland tomtar och troll 628: 268: 40: 6238:Venusberg (mythology) 6045:Pied Piper of Hamelin 5891:Götz von Berlichingen 5807:Arnold von Winkelried 4816:Scandinavian folklore 4554:Blue men of the Minch 3119:Nicnevin/Gyre-Carling 2630:Blue men of the Minch 2506:Abodes and structures 1715:Klintberg, Bengt af; 1642:Francis James Child, 1029:The 2019 horror film 907:Prader-Willi Syndrome 622: 613:Scandinavian folklore 501:Anglo-Scottish border 391:, a belief shared by 266:Martino di Bartolomeo 263: 31: 6339:Supernatural legends 6129:Walram of Thierstein 6003:Matthias Klostermayr 5884:Giselher of Burgundy 5877:Genevieve of Brabant 5863:Frederick Barbarossa 3525:Hopkinsville Goblins 2233:. Volume 3, Issue 3. 2130:. 99.1 : 58-77. 1834:"John Bauers Museum" 1691:"Mamuna / Dziwożona" 1646:, v 1, pp. 358–359, 1514:Silver (1999) p. 167 1352:ballad 39a "Tam Lin" 849:Medical explanations 182:improve this article 19:For other uses, see 6189:Grimms' Fairy Tales 6136:Walter of Aquitaine 6108:The Smith of Kochel 3246:Sprite/Water sprite 2420:Celtic sacred trees 2261:Silver (1999) p. 75 2075:merriam-webster.com 2071:"Definition of OAF" 1966:Nicoloff, Michael. 1944:Silver (1999) p. 62 1814:on 23 November 2005 1773:Troll och människor 1441:Deutsches Sagenbuch 1423:Deutsche Mythologie 1405:Deutsche Mythologie 1366:Silver (1999) p. 73 1348:Francis James Child 1334:Silver, Carole G., 948:regularly practice 825:In the modern world 691:initially resembles 6309:Dwarves (folklore) 6143:Werner Stauffacher 6059:Punker of Rohrbach 5975:Knight of the Swan 5193:Old Norse religion 4737:Goblins/hobgoblins 2575:Aos Sí (Aes Sídhe) 2349:on 25 October 2008 2185:Skeptical Inquirer 1863:. Ediciones Trabe. 1840:on 28 October 2005 1717:Svenska Folksägner 1648:Dover Publications 1566:The Songs of Uladh 1564:published 1904 in 1439:Ludwig Bechstein: 1248:Katherine Briggs, 1199:Katharine Briggs, 1059:, is based on the 1045:television series 1038:The 2023 American 956:In popular culture 817:among the related 798:sickle-cell anemia 629: 269: 41: 6334:Fantasy creatures 6319:European folklore 6286: 6285: 6171:Xaver Hohenleiter 6115:Till Eulenspiegel 5982:Konrad Baumgarten 5968:Klaus Störtebeker 5842:Dietrich von Bern 5460:Feuermann (ghost) 5217: 5216: 4781: 4780: 4451:Loch Ness Monster 4343: 4342: 4306: 4305: 4302: 4301: 3974:Headless Horseman 3515:Fearsome critters 3329: 3328: 2206:Muir, R. (1982). 2108:978-0-19-968363-5 2000:(8348): 503–505. 1972:hnu.libguides.com 1770:in her 1915 book 1591:978-0-7524-4890-9 919:regressive autism 891:Williams syndrome 709:The United States 646:in the 1913 book 599:, whip it with a 534:At Byerholm near 258: 257: 250: 232: 6346: 6279: 6272: 6254: 6247: 6240: 6233: 6226: 6219: 6212: 6205: 6198: 6191: 6173: 6166: 6159: 6152: 6145: 6138: 6131: 6124: 6122:Volker von Alzey 6117: 6110: 6103: 6096: 6089: 6082: 6075: 6068: 6061: 6054: 6047: 6040: 6033: 6026: 6024:Otto the Younger 6019: 6012: 6005: 5998: 5991: 5984: 5977: 5970: 5963: 5956: 5949: 5942: 5935: 5928: 5921: 5914: 5907: 5900: 5893: 5886: 5879: 5872: 5865: 5858: 5851: 5844: 5837: 5830: 5823: 5821:Baron Munchausen 5816: 5809: 5802: 5800:Albrecht Gessler 5784: 5777: 5770: 5768:Will-o'-the-wisp 5763: 5756: 5749: 5742: 5735: 5728: 5721: 5714: 5707: 5700: 5693: 5686: 5679: 5672: 5665: 5658: 5651: 5649:Nixie (folklore) 5644: 5637: 5630: 5623: 5616: 5609: 5602: 5595: 5588: 5581: 5574: 5567: 5560: 5553: 5546: 5539: 5532: 5530:Jack o' the bowl 5525: 5518: 5511: 5504: 5497: 5490: 5483: 5476: 5469: 5462: 5455: 5448: 5441: 5434: 5427: 5420: 5413: 5406: 5399: 5397:Dwarf (folklore) 5392: 5385: 5383:Drak (mythology) 5378: 5371: 5364: 5357: 5350: 5343: 5336: 5329: 5322: 5315: 5308: 5301: 5294: 5287: 5280: 5244: 5237: 5230: 5221: 5220: 5173: 5164: 5155: 5146: 5128: 5117: 5107:Will-o'-the-wisp 5103: 5094: 5085: 5076: 5067: 5048: 5032: 5023: 5014: 5005: 4996: 4982: 4973: 4964: 4955: 4946: 4932: 4923: 4914: 4888: 4879: 4845: 4836: 4817: 4808: 4801: 4794: 4785: 4784: 4769: 4768: 4749: 4748: 4713: 4712: 4683: 4682: 4674: 4673: 4665: 4664: 4641: 4640: 4632: 4631: 4623: 4622: 4614: 4613: 4605: 4604: 4596: 4595: 4582: 4581: 4573: 4572: 4564: 4563: 4550: 4549: 4541: 4540: 4532: 4531: 4523: 4522: 4503: 4502: 4483: 4482: 4474: 4473: 4454: 4453: 4418: 4417: 4409: 4408: 4377:Celtic mythology 4370: 4363: 4356: 4347: 4346: 4333: 4332: 4323: 4322: 4316: 4019:Tuatha Dé Danann 3989:Jimmy Squarefoot 3813: 3812: 3540:Little green men 3335: 3334: 3301:Will-o'-the-wisp 3069:Margot the fairy 3018:Lady of the Lake 2968:Jenny Greenteeth 2963:Jack o' the bowl 2795:Queen of Elphame 2542:Attested fairies 2538: 2537: 2413:Related articles 2389: 2382: 2375: 2366: 2365: 2359: 2358: 2356: 2354: 2345:. 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5247: 5246: 5239: 5232: 5224: 5215: 5214: 5212: 5211: 5205: 5203: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5195: 5190: 5184: 5182: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5174: 5165: 5156: 5147: 5137: 5135: 5131: 5130: 5123: 5121: 5119: 5118: 5114:Ysätters-Kajsa 5109: 5104: 5095: 5086: 5077: 5068: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5040: 5035: 5034: 5033: 5024: 5015: 5006: 4988: 4983: 4974: 4965: 4956: 4947: 4938: 4933: 4924: 4915: 4906: 4905: 4904: 4894: 4889: 4880: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4837: 4827: 4825: 4821: 4820: 4811: 4810: 4803: 4796: 4788: 4779: 4778: 4776: 4775: 4770: 4760: 4758: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4750: 4740: 4738: 4734: 4733: 4731: 4730: 4724: 4722: 4718: 4717: 4715: 4714: 4704: 4702: 4698: 4697: 4695: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4675: 4666: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4642: 4633: 4624: 4615: 4606: 4597: 4588: 4583: 4574: 4565: 4556: 4551: 4547:Biasd Bheulach 4542: 4533: 4524: 4514: 4512: 4508: 4507: 4505: 4504: 4494: 4492: 4488: 4487: 4485: 4484: 4475: 4465: 4463: 4459: 4458: 4456: 4455: 4445: 4443: 4439: 4438: 4436: 4435: 4429: 4427: 4423: 4422: 4420: 4419: 4410: 4400: 4398: 4394: 4393: 4385: 4382: 4381: 4373: 4372: 4365: 4358: 4350: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4337: 4327: 4317: 4311: 4308: 4307: 4304: 4303: 4300: 4299: 4297: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4260: 4259: 4254: 4243: 4241: 4240:Cross-regional 4237: 4236: 4234: 4233: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4203: 4202: 4197: 4187: 4182: 4180:Dames blanches 4176: 4174: 4170: 4169: 4167: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4125: 4124: 4114: 4113: 4112: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4085:Kallikantzaros 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4060:Doñas de fuera 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4031: 4029: 4025: 4024: 4022: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3935: 3933: 3929: 3928: 3926: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3819: 3817: 3810: 3806: 3805: 3803: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3746: 3744: 3740: 3739: 3737: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3717: 3712: 3711: 3710: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3688:Mrenh kongveal 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3649: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3597: 3595: 3591: 3590: 3588: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3471: 3469: 3465: 3464: 3462: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3395: 3393: 3389: 3388: 3386: 3385: 3384: 3383: 3378: 3368: 3363: 3354: 3348: 3346: 3342: 3341: 3331: 3330: 3327: 3326: 3324: 3323: 3321:Yan-gant-y-tan 3318: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3202: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3114:Nelly Longarms 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3060: 3058: 3054: 3053: 3051: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2918:The Hedley Kow 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2888:Gwragedd Annwn 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2814: 2812: 2808: 2807: 2805: 2804: 2803: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2551: 2549: 2545: 2544: 2534: 2533: 2531: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2509: 2507: 2503: 2502: 2500: 2499: 2494: 2492:Tutelary deity 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2463: 2462: 2452: 2447: 2445:Fairy painting 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2409: 2404: 2401: 2400: 2392: 2391: 2384: 2377: 2369: 2361: 2360: 2327: 2310: 2285: 2263: 2254: 2235: 2218: 2199: 2162: 2147: 2132: 2114: 2107: 2087: 2062: 2027: 1984: 1955: 1946: 1937: 1925: 1904: 1895: 1882: 1866: 1851: 1825: 1799: 1777: 1762:Selma Lagerlöf 1753: 1728: 1708: 1677: 1652: 1635: 1618: 1595: 1570: 1554: 1539: 1525: 1516: 1507: 1480: 1476:Deutsche Sagen 1467: 1463:Deutsche Sagen 1454: 1445: 1427: 1409: 1389: 1368: 1359: 1340: 1338:, (1999) p. 74 1327: 1318: 1311: 1285: 1254: 1241: 1224: 1212: 1192: 1151: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1087: 1080: 1077: 1076: 1075: 1068: 1065:Victor LaValle 1048:The Changeling 1036: 1027: 1018: 1013:The 2008 film 1011: 1004:The 2008 film 1002: 990: 981:Disney Channel 977: 968: 957: 954: 941: 938: 911:cerebral palsy 887:homocystinuria 859:neurodivergent 850: 847: 826: 823: 819:Yoruba peoples 758: 755: 753: 752:Outside Europe 750: 742:Bridget Cleary 719: 716: 710: 707: 699:in an eggshell 678: 675: 657: 654: 644:Bortbytingarna 608: 605: 572: 569: 496: 493: 486:George Waldron 473: 470: 426: 423: 422: 421: 408: 402: 396: 381: 380: 377: 374: 371: 344: 341: 323: 320: 318: 315: 278:Catholic faith 256: 255: 170: 168: 161: 155: 152: 148:Bridget Cleary 135:D. L. Ashliman 104: 101: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6351: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6296: 6294: 6278: 6274: 6271: 6267: 6266: 6264: 6260: 6253: 6249: 6246: 6242: 6239: 6235: 6232: 6228: 6225: 6221: 6218: 6214: 6211: 6207: 6204: 6200: 6197: 6193: 6190: 6186: 6185: 6183: 6179: 6172: 6168: 6165: 6161: 6158: 6154: 6151: 6147: 6144: 6140: 6137: 6133: 6130: 6126: 6123: 6119: 6116: 6112: 6109: 6105: 6102: 6098: 6095: 6094:Stauffacherin 6091: 6088: 6084: 6081: 6077: 6074: 6070: 6067: 6063: 6060: 6056: 6053: 6052:Princess Ilse 6049: 6046: 6042: 6039: 6035: 6032: 6028: 6025: 6021: 6018: 6014: 6011: 6007: 6004: 6000: 5997: 5993: 5990: 5986: 5983: 5979: 5976: 5972: 5969: 5965: 5962: 5958: 5955: 5951: 5948: 5944: 5941: 5937: 5934: 5930: 5927: 5923: 5920: 5916: 5913: 5909: 5906: 5902: 5899: 5895: 5892: 5888: 5885: 5881: 5878: 5874: 5871: 5867: 5864: 5860: 5857: 5853: 5850: 5846: 5843: 5839: 5836: 5832: 5829: 5825: 5822: 5818: 5815: 5811: 5808: 5804: 5801: 5797: 5796: 5794: 5790: 5783: 5779: 5776: 5772: 5769: 5765: 5762: 5758: 5755: 5751: 5748: 5744: 5741: 5737: 5734: 5730: 5727: 5723: 5720: 5716: 5713: 5709: 5706: 5702: 5699: 5695: 5692: 5688: 5685: 5681: 5678: 5674: 5671: 5670:Petermännchen 5667: 5664: 5660: 5657: 5653: 5650: 5646: 5643: 5639: 5636: 5632: 5629: 5625: 5622: 5618: 5615: 5611: 5608: 5604: 5601: 5597: 5594: 5590: 5587: 5583: 5580: 5576: 5573: 5569: 5566: 5562: 5559: 5555: 5552: 5551:King Goldemar 5548: 5545: 5541: 5538: 5537:Klabautermann 5534: 5531: 5527: 5524: 5520: 5517: 5513: 5510: 5506: 5503: 5499: 5496: 5492: 5489: 5485: 5482: 5478: 5475: 5471: 5468: 5464: 5461: 5457: 5454: 5450: 5447: 5443: 5440: 5436: 5433: 5429: 5426: 5422: 5419: 5415: 5412: 5408: 5405: 5401: 5398: 5394: 5391: 5387: 5384: 5380: 5377: 5373: 5370: 5366: 5363: 5359: 5356: 5352: 5349: 5345: 5342: 5338: 5335: 5331: 5328: 5324: 5321: 5317: 5314: 5310: 5307: 5303: 5300: 5296: 5293: 5289: 5286: 5282: 5279: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5263: 5256: 5252: 5245: 5240: 5238: 5233: 5231: 5226: 5225: 5222: 5210: 5207: 5206: 5204: 5200: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5185: 5183: 5179: 5172: 5171: 5166: 5163: 5162: 5157: 5154: 5153: 5148: 5145: 5144: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5132: 5127: 5116: 5115: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5102: 5101: 5096: 5093: 5092: 5087: 5084: 5083: 5078: 5075: 5074: 5069: 5066: 5065: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5047: 5046: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5031: 5030: 5025: 5022: 5021: 5016: 5013: 5012: 5007: 5004: 5003: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4994: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4981: 4980: 4975: 4972: 4971: 4966: 4963: 4962: 4957: 4954: 4953: 4948: 4945: 4944: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4931: 4930: 4925: 4922: 4921: 4916: 4913: 4912: 4907: 4903: 4900: 4899: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4887: 4886: 4881: 4878: 4877: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4844: 4843: 4838: 4835: 4834: 4829: 4828: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4809: 4804: 4802: 4797: 4795: 4790: 4789: 4786: 4774: 4771: 4767: 4762: 4761: 4759: 4755: 4747: 4742: 4741: 4739: 4735: 4729: 4726: 4725: 4723: 4719: 4711: 4706: 4705: 4703: 4699: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4681: 4676: 4672: 4667: 4663: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4639: 4634: 4630: 4625: 4621: 4616: 4612: 4607: 4603: 4598: 4594: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4580: 4575: 4571: 4566: 4562: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4548: 4543: 4539: 4534: 4530: 4525: 4521: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4509: 4501: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4489: 4481: 4476: 4472: 4467: 4466: 4464: 4460: 4452: 4447: 4446: 4444: 4440: 4434: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4424: 4416: 4411: 4407: 4402: 4401: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4390: 4387:Creatures in 4383: 4378: 4371: 4366: 4364: 4359: 4357: 4352: 4351: 4348: 4336: 4328: 4326: 4318: 4313: 4312: 4309: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4258: 4257:Companions of 4255: 4253: 4250: 4249: 4248: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4238: 4232: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4201: 4200:King Goldemar 4198: 4196: 4193: 4192: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4177: 4175: 4171: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4123: 4120: 4119: 4118: 4115: 4111: 4108: 4107: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4032: 4030: 4026: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4009:Pictish Beast 4007: 4005: 4004:Morgan Le Fay 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3936: 3934: 3930: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3820: 3818: 3814: 3811: 3807: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3741: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3709: 3706: 3705: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3618: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3598: 3596: 3592: 3586: 3585:Yunwi Tsunsdi 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3500:Christmas elf 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3472: 3470: 3466: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3396: 3394: 3390: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3373: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3366:Little people 3364: 3362: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3349: 3347: 3343: 3336: 3332: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3316:Yallery Brown 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3176: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3061: 3059: 3055: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3023:Lazy Laurence 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3008:Klabautermann 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2953:Iannic-ann-ôd 2951: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2815: 2813: 2809: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2767: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2552: 2550: 2546: 2539: 2535: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2510: 2508: 2504: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2487:Nature spirit 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2461: 2458: 2457: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2417: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2390: 2385: 2383: 2378: 2376: 2371: 2370: 2367: 2348: 2344: 2343: 2338: 2331: 2323: 2322: 2314: 2299: 2295: 2289: 2281: 2280: 2274: 2267: 2258: 2252:. 8: 151-161. 2251: 2250: 2245: 2239: 2232: 2228: 2222: 2216:, 55: 97-104. 2215: 2214: 2209: 2203: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2186: 2181: 2177: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2159: 2158: 2151: 2144: 2143: 2136: 2129: 2128: 2121: 2119: 2110: 2104: 2100: 2099: 2091: 2076: 2072: 2066: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2031: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1988: 1973: 1969: 1962: 1960: 1950: 1941: 1934: 1929: 1914: 1908: 1899: 1892: 1886: 1879: 1875: 1870: 1862: 1855: 1839: 1835: 1829: 1813: 1809: 1803: 1787: 1781: 1775: 1774: 1769: 1768: 1763: 1757: 1742: 1738: 1732: 1726: 1725:91-7297-581-4 1722: 1718: 1712: 1696: 1692: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1666: 1662: 1656: 1649: 1645: 1639: 1631: 1630: 1622: 1615: 1611: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1600: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1567: 1563: 1558: 1551: 1550: 1543: 1537: 1536: 1529: 1520: 1511: 1505: 1504:0-517-48904-X 1501: 1497: 1493: 1490:W. B. 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