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1052:. To this end, Orlando et al. developed the so-called recurrence quantification correlation index (RQCI) to test correlations of RQA on a sample signal and then investigated the application to business time series. The said index has been proven to detect hidden changes in time series. Further, Orlando et al., over an extensive dataset, shown that recurrence quantification analysis may help in anticipating transitions from laminar (i.e. regular) to turbulent (i.e. chaotic) phases such as USA GDP in 1949, 1953, etc. Last but not least, it has been demonstrated that recurrence quantification analysis can detect differences between macroeconomic variables and highlight hidden features of economic dynamics.
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1115:. Chaos is sometimes viewed as extremely complicated information, rather than as an absence of order. Chaotic systems remain deterministic, though their long-term behavior can be difficult to predict with any accuracy. With perfect knowledge of the initial conditions and the relevant equations describing the chaotic system's behavior, one can theoretically make perfectly accurate predictions of the system, though in practice this is impossible to do with arbitrary accuracy.
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831:– all of which are complex systems. The arrangement of interactions within complex bipartite networks may be nested as well. More specifically, bipartite ecological and organisational networks of mutually beneficial interactions were found to have a nested structure. This structure promotes indirect facilitation and a system's capacity to persist under increasingly harsh circumstances as well as the potential for large-scale systemic regime shifts.
875:, which is to say that while the results may be sufficiently determined by the activity of the systems' basic constituents, they may have properties that can only be studied at a higher level. For example, empirical food webs display regular, scale-invariant features across aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems when studied at the level of clustered 'trophic' species. Another example is offered by the
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is used, and how well the space supports the functions of the city. She further illustrates how cities have been severely damaged when approached as a problem in simplicity by replacing organized complexity with simple and predictable spaces, such as Le
Corbusier's "Radiant City" and Ebenezer Howard's "Garden City". Since then, others have written at length on the complexity of cities.
1141:'s market position, Orlando who explained the corporate dynamics in terms of mutual synchronization and chaos regularization of bursts in a group of chaotically bursting cells and Orlando et al. who modelled financial data (Financial Stress Index, swap and equity, emerging and developed, corporate and government, short and long maturity) with a low-dimensional deterministic model.
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articulations and methodological approaches in economics, primarily in financial economics. The development has resulted in the emergence of a new branch of discipline, namely "econophysics", which is broadly defined as a cross-discipline that applies statistical physics methodologies which are mostly based on the complex systems theory and the chaos theory for economics analysis.
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aggregates, organisms, or problems that share some common theme: (i) They are inherently complicated or intricate ...; (ii) they are rarely completely deterministic; (iii) mathematical models of the system are usually complex and involve non-linear, ill-posed, or chaotic behavior; (iv) the systems are predisposed to unexpected outcomes (so-called emergent behaviour).' (14, p. 410)
567:, among others. Because such systems appear in a wide variety of fields, the commonalities among them have become the topic of their independent area of research. In many cases, it is useful to represent such a system as a network where the nodes represent the components and links to their interactions.
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complicated and dynamic sets of relationships can generate some simple behavioral patterns, whereas chaotic behavior, in the sense of deterministic chaos, is the result of a relatively small number of non-linear interactions. For recent examples in economics and business see Stoop et al. who discussed
1932:
The following quotations (apart from the last one) come from a special issue of
Science on 'Complex Systems' featuring many key figures in the field (Science 2 April 1999) 3. 'In a general sense, the adjective 'complex' describes a system or component that by design or function or both is difficult
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Jane Jacobs described cities as being a problem in organized complexity in 1961, citing Dr. Weaver's 1948 essay. As an example, she explains how an abundance of factors interplay into how various urban spaces lead to a diversity of interactions, and how changing those factors can change how the space
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Graphical representation of alternative stable states and the direction of critical slowing down prior to a critical transition (taken from Lever et al. 2020). Top panels (a) indicate stability landscapes at different conditions. Middle panels (b) indicate the rates of change akin to the slope of the
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When one analyzes complex systems, sensitivity to initial conditions, for example, is not an issue as important as it is within chaos theory, in which it prevails. As stated by
Colander, the study of complexity is the opposite of the study of chaos. Complexity is about how a huge number of extremely
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In 1948, Dr. Warren Weaver published an essay on "Science and
Complexity", exploring the diversity of problem types by contrasting problems of simplicity, disorganized complexity, and organized complexity. Weaver described these as "problems which involve dealing simultaneously with a sizable number
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often refers to the study of complex systems, which is an approach to science that investigates how relationships between a system's parts give rise to its collective behaviors and how the system interacts and forms relationships with its environment. The study of complex systems regards collective,
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called "an accumulation of frozen accidents". In a sense chaotic systems can be regarded as a subset of complex systems distinguished precisely by this absence of historical dependence. Many real complex systems are, in practice and over long but finite periods, robust. However, they do possess the
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The traditional approach to dealing with complexity is to reduce or constrain it. Typically, this involves compartmentalization: dividing a large system into separate parts. Organizations, for instance, divide their work into departments that each deal with separate issues. Engineering systems are
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Since the late 1990s, the interest of mathematical physicists in researching economic phenomena has been on the rise. The proliferation of cross-disciplinary research with the application of solutions originated from the physics epistemology has entailed a gradual paradigm shift in the theoretical
1970:
The following quotations (apart from the last one) come from a special issue of
Science on 'Complex Systems' featuring many key figures in the field (Science 2 April 1999) 4. 'Complexity theory indicates that large populations of units can self-organize into aggregations that generate pattern,
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as a dynamic and interconnected network of processes—problem identification, knowledge creation, synthesis, implementation, and evaluation—rather than a linear or cyclical sequence. Such approaches emphasize the importance of understanding and leveraging the interactions within and between these
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Focusing on issues of student persistence with their studies, Forsman, Moll and Linder explore the "viability of using complexity science as a frame to extend methodological applications for physics education research", finding that "framing a social network analysis within a complexity science
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Therefore, the main difference between chaotic systems and complex systems is their history. Chaotic systems do not rely on their history as complex ones do. Chaotic behavior pushes a system in equilibrium into chaotic order, which means, in other words, out of what we traditionally define as
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Healthcare systems are prime examples of complex systems, characterized by interactions among diverse stakeholders, such as patients, providers, policymakers, and researchers, across various sectors like health, government, community, and education. These systems demonstrate properties like
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The following quotations (apart from the last one) come from a special issue of
Science on 'Complex Systems' featuring many key figures in the field (Science 2 April 1999) 8. 'In recent years the scientific community has coined the rubric 'complex system' to describe phenomena, structure,
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to understand and verify. ...complexity is determined by such factors as the number of components and the intricacy of the interfaces between them, the number and intricacy of conditional branches, the degree of nesting, and the types of data structures.'(50, p. 92)
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can be represented as a network composed of nodes (computers) and links (direct connections between computers). Other examples of complex networks include social networks, financial institution interdependencies, airline networks, and biological networks.
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Scheffer, Marten; Carpenter, Stephen R.; Lenton, Timothy M.; Bascompte, Jordi; Brock, William; Dakos, Vasilis; Koppel, Johan van de; Leemput, Ingrid A. van de; Levin, Simon A.; Nes, Egbert H. van; Pascual, Mercedes; Vandermeer, John (19 October 2012).
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All CAS agents, whatever their particularities, have three levels of activity: 1. Performance (moment-by-moment capabilities) 2. Credit-assignment (rating the usefulness of available capabilities) 3. Rule-discovery (generating new
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pecial issue of
Science on 'Complex Systems' featuring many key figures in the field (Science 2 April 1999) 6. 'A complex system is literally one in which there are multiple interactions between many different components.' (40, p.
804:. The 'direction of critical slowing down' in a system's state space may be indicative of a system's future state after such transitions when delayed negative feedbacks leading to oscillatory or other complex dynamics are weak.
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A complex system is usually composed of many components and their interactions. Such a system can be represented by a network where nodes represent the components and links represent their interactions. For example, the
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whose behavior is intrinsically difficult to model due to the dependencies, competitions, relationships, or other types of interactions between their parts or between a given system and its environment. Systems that are
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Bastolla, Ugo; Fortuna, Miguel A.; Pascual-GarcĂa, Alberto; Ferrera, Antonio; Luque, Bartolo; Bascompte, Jordi (April 2009). "The architecture of mutualistic networks minimizes competition and increases biodiversity".
1145:'order'. On the other hand, complex systems evolve far from equilibrium at the edge of chaos. They evolve at a critical state built up by a history of irreversible and unexpected events, which physicist
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Scheffer, Marten; Bascompte, Jordi; Brock, William A.; Brovkin, Victor; Carpenter, Stephen R.; Dakos, Vasilis; Held, Hermann; van Nes, Egbert H.; Rietkerk, Max; Sugihara, George (September 2009).
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networks which have many local interactions and a smaller number of inter-area connections are often employed. Natural complex systems often exhibit such topologies. In the human
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Preiser-Kapeller, Johannes, "Calculating
Byzantium. Social Network Analysis and Complexity Sciences as tools for the exploration of medieval social dynamics". August 2010
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potential for radical qualitative change of kind whilst retaining systemic integrity. Metamorphosis serves as perhaps more than a metaphor for such transformations.
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for their work to understand complex systems. Their work was used to create more accurate computer models of the effect of global warming on the Earth's climate.
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stability landscapes, and bottom panels (c) indicate a recovery from a perturbation towards the system's future state (c.I) and in another direction (c.II).
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Saavedra, Serguei; Reed-Tsochas, Felix; Uzzi, Brian (January 2009). "A simple model of bipartite cooperation for ecological and organizational networks".
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processes and stakeholders to optimize the creation and movement of knowledge. By acknowledging the complex, adaptive nature of healthcare systems,
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or fractal indices. The goal is often to assess the state and the health of the underlying system, and diagnose potential disorders and illnesses.
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The emergence of complex systems theory shows a domain between deterministic order and randomness which is complex. This is referred to as the "
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or system-wide, behaviors as the fundamental object of study; for this reason, complex systems can be understood as an alternative paradigm to
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often designed using modular components. However, modular designs become susceptible to failure when issues arise that bridge the divisions.
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Lever, J. Jelle; Leemput, Ingrid A.; Weinans, Els; Quax, Rick; Dakos, Vasilis; Nes, Egbert H.; Bascompte, Jordi; Scheffer, Marten (2020).
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are always found in complex systems. The effects of an element's behavior are fed back in such a way that the element itself is altered.
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While the explicit study of complex systems dates at least to the 1970s, the first research institute focused on complex systems, the
1995:
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Lever, J. Jelle; Nes, Egbert H. van; Scheffer, Marten; Bascompte, Jordi (2014). "The sudden collapse of pollinator communities".
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Complexity science has been applied to living organisms, and in particular to biological systems. Within the emerging field of
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and mound building is a property that emerges from the collection of termites and needs to be analyzed at a different level.
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is therefore often used as a broad term encompassing a research approach to problems in many diverse disciplines, including
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3010:"The evolution of complex systems theory and the advancement of econophysics methods in the study of stock market crashes"
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Kitson, Alison; Brook, Alan; Harvey, Gill; Jordan, Zoe; Marshall, Rhianon; O’Shea, Rebekah; Wilson, David (2018-03-01).
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3179:"Extending the theoretical framing for physics education research: An illustrative application of complexity science"
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1014:, new predictive tools have been developed to explain economic growth. Such is the case with the models built by the
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in that they have the capacity to change and learn from experience. Examples of complex adaptive systems include the
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As an interdisciplinary domain, complex systems draw contributions from many different fields, such as the study of
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in a mound which have physiology, biochemistry and biological development at one level of analysis, whereas their
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composed of many components which may interact with each other. Examples of complex systems are Earth's global
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2087:"On the 'complexity turn' in planning: An adaptive rationale to navigate spaces and times of uncertainty"
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Battiston, Stefano; Caldarelli, Guido; May, Robert M.; Roukny, tarik; Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2016-09-06).
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Scheffer, Marten; Carpenter, Steve; Foley, Jonathan A.; Folke, Carl; Walker, Brian (October 2001).
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non-linearity, emergence, adaptation, and feedback loops. Complexity science in healthcare frames
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gradient and dissipate energy. In other words, complex systems are frequently far from energetic
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collaboration, and flexible strategies to effectively translate research into practice.
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perspective offers a new and powerful applicability across a broad range of PER topics".
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956:. Today, there are over 50 institutes and research centers focusing on complex systems.
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Briand, F.; Cohen, J.E. (1984). "Community food webs have scale-invariant structure".
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The components of a complex system may themselves be complex systems. For example, an
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or other complex systems that may occur when changing conditions pass a critical or
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3943:"A general theory of complex living systems: Exploring the demand side of dynamics"
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Stoop, Ruedi; Orlando, Giuseppe; Bufalo, Michele; Della Rossa, Fabio (2022-11-18).
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3233:"Using Complexity and Network Concepts to Inform Healthcare Knowledge Translation"
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In practical terms, this means a small perturbation may cause a large effect (see
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3457:"Financial markets' deterministic aspects modeled by a low-dimensional equation"
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A. L. Barab´asi, R. Albert (2002). "Statistical mechanics of complex networks".
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1095:, bodily signals, such as heart rate or brain activity, are characterized using
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The Center for
Complex Systems Research, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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3897:. Dynamic Modeling and Econometrics in Economics and Finance. Vol. 29.
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Complex networks — augmenting the framework for the study of complex system
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4042:"The Center for the Study of Complex Systems, Univ. of Michigan Ann Arbor"
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Bascompte, J.; Jordano, P.; Melian, C. J.; Olesen, J. M. (24 July 2003).
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store information, and engage in collective decision-making.' (39, p. 99)
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projections between regions inside the cortex and to other brain regions.
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Barrat, A.; Barthelemy, M.; Pastor-Satorras, R.; Vespignani, A. (2004).
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547:" have distinct properties that arise from these relationships, such as
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Orlando, Giuseppe
Orlando; Pisarchick, Alexander; Stoop, Ruedi (2021).
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4070:"Introduction to Complexity - Free online course by Melanie Mitchell"
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3353:"Exploiting deterministic features in apparently stochastic data"
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for example, we see dense local connectivity and a few very long
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Gell-Mann, M. (1995). What is Complexity? Complexity 1/1, 16-19
3418:"Simulating heterogeneous corporate dynamics via the Rulkov map"
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Complexity: The emerging science at the edge of order and chaos.
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and electronic systems, social and economic organizations (like
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Orlando, Giuseppe; Bufalo, Michele; Stoop, Ruedi (2022-02-01).
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Thermodynamics of Complex Systems: Principles and applications
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Skrimizea, Eirini; Haniotou, Helene; Parra, Constanza (2019).
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3032:"Nobel in physics: Climate science breakthroughs earn prize"
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Chaos in the Cosmos: the Stunning Complexity of the Universe
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and any human social group-based endeavor in a cultural and
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How Nature Works: The Science of Self-Organized Criticality
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Complexity and Postmodernism: Understanding Complex Systems
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Physical Review Special Topics - Physics Education Research
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Orlando, Giuseppe; Zimatore, Giovanna (18 December 2017).
2470:"The nested assembly of plant-animal mutualistic networks"
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Ladyman, James; Lambert, James; Wiesner, Karoline (2013).
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Ladyman, James; Lambert, James; Wiesner, Karoline (2013).
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Ladyman, James; Lambert, James; Wiesner, Karoline (2013).
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Ladyman, James; Lambert, James; Wiesner, Karoline (2013).
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of factors which are interrelated into an organic whole."
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3124:"Recurrence quantification analysis of business cycles"
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Labuan Bulletin of International Business & Finance
2793:. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer. p. 308.
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30:"Complex systems" redirects here. For the journal, see
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3091:"RQA correlations on real business cycles time series"
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3535:
3237:
International Journal of Health Policy and Management
3177:
Forsman, Jonas; Moll, Rachel; Linder, Cedric (2014).
1944:
1906:
1838:
1800:
4060:
3672:
3122:
Orlando, Giuseppe; Zimatore, Giovanna (1 May 2018).
1513:
1010:
Over the last decades, within the emerging field of
3339:
The Complexity Vision and the Teaching of Economics
4065:(Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems)
3454:
3008:Ho, Y. J.; Ruiz Estrada, M. A; Yap, S. F. (2016).
1044:has been employed to detect the characteristic of
3777:
3541:
3176:
3007:
2786:
1778:Volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity
1153:
1079:advocates for continuous stakeholder engagement,
739:Complex systems may have the following features:
4622:
2321:"Early-warning signals for critical transitions"
771:Complex systems may exhibit critical transitions
531:, and, ultimately, for some authors, the entire
3685:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3681:"The architecture of complex weighted networks"
3626:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3622:"The price of complexity in financial networks"
3121:
3088:
2698:
2474:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
871:Complex systems may exhibit behaviors that are
4112:(Australian) Complex systems research network.
4087:
3095:Indian Academy of Sciences – Conference Series
2787:Cohen, J.E.; Briand, F.; Newman, C.M. (1990).
1102:
1065:Complexity in healthcare research and practice
679:are special cases of complex systems that are
27:System composed of many interacting components
4152:
3980:Introduction to the Theory of Complex Systems
3940:
476:
3053:. New York: Vintage Books. pp. 428–448.
2898:Modeling of Complex Systems: An Introduction
2125:
3051:The Death and Life of Great American Cities
2923:"How to solve the world's biggest problems"
2821:
1055:
4159:
4145:
4007:"The Open Agent-Based Modeling Consortium"
3578:
3542:Dorogovtsev, S.N.; Mendes, J.F.F. (2003).
2418:11370/92048055-b183-4f26-9aea-e98caa7473ce
2296:Critical transitions in nature and society
2155:
1954:European Journal for Philosophy of Science
1916:European Journal for Philosophy of Science
1848:European Journal for Philosophy of Science
1810:European Journal for Philosophy of Science
483:
469:
3966:
3853:A. Gogolin, A. Nersesyan and A. Tsvelik,
3844:
3818:
3732:
3714:
3696:
3655:
3645:
3597:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199206650.001.0001
3562:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198515906.001.0001
3551:
3496:
3392:
3264:
3212:
3202:
3106:
2946:
2761:
2730:
2712:
2667:
2503:
2493:
2416:
2207:
2177:
2175:
2102:
1086:
987:
2293:
1124:
774:
649:
586:and critical phenomena from physics, of
3521:Ubiquity : Why catastrophes happen
3422:Structural Change and Economic Dynamics
3415:
3341:, E. Elgar, Northampton, Massachusetts.
3301:
3299:
3293:. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.
3065:"Cities, scaling, & sustainability"
2920:
2052:
1982:
1005:
996:
14:
4623:
3930:A Healthcare Exchange Complexity Model
3856:Theory of strongly correlated systems
3584:
3048:
2895:
2864:
2172:
758:: but despite this flux, there may be
4140:
3226:
3224:
2058:Complexity: A Very Short Introduction
1985:"General Features of Complex Systems"
1107:Complex systems theory is related to
3993:SFI @30, Foundations & Frontiers
3812:Complexity Science and World Affairs
3296:
2973:. Santa Fe Institute. Archived from
2790:Community Food Webs: Data and Theory
1992:Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems
908:Relationships contain feedback loops
899:directly proportional to cause. See
4166:
4088:Jessie Henshaw (October 24, 2013).
3859:, Cambridge University Press, 1999.
2385:"Anticipating Critical Transitions"
2233:"Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems"
1167:
948:, and Manhattan Project scientists
24:
4315:Evolutionary developmental biology
4127:CRM Complex systems research group
3753:
3221:
1042:Recurrence quantification analysis
847:of a complex system is important.
788:are abrupt shifts in the state of
230:Evolutionary developmental biology
25:
4652:
3999:
3982:, Oxford University Press, 2018,
2449:from the original on 24 June 2020
2294:Scheffer, Marten (26 July 2009).
3416:Orlando, Giuseppe (2022-06-01).
1733:Sociology and complexity science
1516:
4449:Ordinary differential equations
3613:
3526:
3513:
3448:
3409:
3344:
3331:
3315:
3281:
3170:
3115:
3082:
3057:
3042:
3024:
3001:
2988:
2963:
2914:
2889:
2858:
2815:
2780:
2755:
2692:
2639:
2579:
2520:
2461:
2375:
2312:
2287:
2224:
2160:. IOP Publishing, Bristol, UK.
2149:
2119:
2078:
2001:from the original on 2022-10-09
982:
836:Dynamic network of multiplicity
645:
598:from biology, and many others.
397:Ordinary differential equations
4507:Partial differential equations
3978:, Peter Klimek, Rudolf Hanel:
3941:Donald Snooks, Graeme (2008).
3868:Simple Lessons from Complexity
3546:. Vol. 51. p. 1079.
3523:, three river press, New-York.
3204:10.1103/PhysRevSTPER.10.020122
3128:Chaos, Solitons & Fractals
2298:. Princeton University Press.
2135:. Cambridge University Press.
2046:
2013:
1976:
1938:
1900:
1883:
1870:
1832:
1794:
1763:Systems theory in anthropology
1630:Enterprise systems engineering
1154:Complexity and network science
868:May produce emergent phenomena
268:Partial differential equations
13:
1:
3434:10.1016/j.strueco.2022.02.003
2156:Pokrovskii, Vladimir (2021).
1787:
1689:Neuroscience and intelligence
1586:Complexity Science Hub Vienna
671:
3328:, Copernicus, New York, U.S.
2900:. New York: Academic Press.
1018:in 1989 and the more recent
915:) and positive (amplifying)
888:Relationships are non-linear
746:Complex systems are usually
664:" in the cellular automaton
7:
4257:Particle swarm optimization
3894:Nonlinearities in Economics
3148:10.1016/j.chaos.2018.02.032
2865:Warren, Weaver (Oct 1948).
2766:. Oxford University Press.
2060:. Oxford University Press.
1947:"What is a complex system?"
1909:"What is a complex system?"
1841:"What is a complex system?"
1803:"What is a complex system?"
1576:Complexity (disambiguation)
1509:
1103:Complexity and chaos theory
944:, economics Nobel laureate
750:— that is, they exist in a
743:Complex systems may be open
734:
117:Particle swarm optimization
10:
4657:
4502:Reaction-diffusion systems
4227:Self-organized criticality
4015:"Complexity Science Focus"
3819:Gell-Mann, Murray (1995).
3481:10.1038/s41598-022-05765-z
3377:10.1038/s41598-022-23212-x
923:
590:from the social sciences,
264:Reaction–diffusion systems
93:Self-organized criticality
29:
4545:
4492:
4434:
4371:
4338:
4285:Artificial neural network
4270:
4195:
4174:
3903:10.1007/978-3-030-70982-2
3108:10.29195/iascs.01.01.0009
2799:10.1007/978-3-642-83784-5
2764:Networks: An Introduction
2701:Reviews of Modern Physics
2028:, Penguin Books, London,
1773:Ultra-large-scale systems
1704:Pattern-oriented modeling
1022:(ECI), introduced by the
1020:economic complexity index
205:Artificial neural network
4363:Evolutionary game theory
4290:Evolutionary computation
4222:Collective consciousness
4117:Complex Systems Modeling
3821:"Let's Call It Plectics"
2867:"Science and Complexity"
2741:10.1103/RevModPhys.74.47
2104:10.1177/1473095218780515
1983:Bar-Yam, Yaneer (2002).
1620:Dynamical systems theory
1556:Complex (disambiguation)
1056:Complexity and education
717:manufacturing businesses
677:Complex adaptive systems
456:Evolutionary game theory
346:Second-order cybernetics
210:Evolutionary computation
126:Collective consciousness
4381:Social network analysis
4320:Artificial intelligence
4252:Ant colony optimization
4212:Collective intelligence
4107:Complex Systems Society
3927:Syed M. Mehmud (2011),
3846:10.1002/cplx.6130010502
3716:10.1073/pnas.0400087101
3647:10.1073/pnas.1521573113
2994:Waldrop, M. M. (1993).
2495:10.1073/pnas.1633576100
2409:10.1126/science.1225244
2025:Darwin's Dangerous Idea
1664:Interdependent networks
1561:Complex adaptive system
1536:Biological organisation
827:, which are made up of
823:, which are made up of
809:Complex systems may be
234:Artificial intelligence
148:Social network analysis
113:Ant colony optimization
85:Collective intelligence
4636:Complex systems theory
4512:Dissipative structures
4353:Rational choice theory
3887:, Perseus Books Group.
3287:Hayles, N. K. (1991).
3249:10.15171/ijhpm.2017.79
1876:Parker, B. R. (2013).
1524:Systems science portal
1225:Ludwig von Bertalanffy
1215:Albert-Laszlo Barabasi
1175:Robert McCormick Adams
1133:
1087:Complexity and biology
988:Complexity in practice
965:Nobel Prize in Physics
781:
668:
447:Rational choice theory
272:Dissipative structures
18:Chaotic complex system
4641:Mathematical modeling
4325:Evolutionary robotics
4242:Agent-based modelling
4094:Encyclopedia of Earth
3865:and Leo P. Kadanoff,
3585:Newman, Mark (2010).
3544:Evolution of Networks
3519:Buchanan, M. (2000).
3337:Colander, D. (2000).
3049:Jacobs, Jane (1961).
1468:Alessandro Vespignani
1180:Christopher Alexander
1128:
1072:knowledge translation
778:
666:Conway's Game of Life
653:
375:Theory of computation
238:Evolutionary robotics
105:Agent-based modelling
4484:Coupled map lattices
4444:Time series analysis
4386:Small-world networks
4034:"Santa Fe Institute"
3760:Complexity Explained
3312:, Routledge, London.
1723:Process architecture
1610:Dual-phase evolution
1600:Decision engineering
1581:Complexity economics
1373:José Fernando Mendes
1265:Peter Sheridan Dodds
1255:James P. Crutchfield
1050:economic development
1012:complexity economics
1006:Complexity economics
997:Complexity of cities
786:Critical transitions
687:, social insect and
538:Complex systems are
426:Coupled map lattices
392:Time series analysis
152:Small-world networks
4464:Population dynamics
4358:Bounded rationality
4300:Genetic programming
3959:2008Cmplx..13f..12S
3837:1996Cmplx...1e...3G
3815:, SUNY Press, 2013.
3807:Walter Clemens, Jr.
3792:2003Cmplx...8c..19C
3707:2004PNAS..101.3747B
3638:2016PNAS..11310031B
3632:(36): 10031–10036.
3473:2022NatSR..12.1693O
3369:2022NatSR..1219843S
3195:2014PRPER..10b0122F
3140:2018CSF...110...82O
2998:Simon and Schuster.
2939:2015Natur.525..308L
2921:Ledford, H (2015).
2896:Vemuri, V. (1978).
2836:1984Natur.307..264B
2723:2002RvMP...74...47A
2609:10.1038/nature07950
2601:2009Natur.458.1018B
2595:(7241): 1018–1020.
2549:10.1038/nature07532
2541:2009Natur.457..463S
2486:2003PNAS..100.9383B
2401:2012Sci...338..344S
2345:10.1038/nature08227
2337:2009Natur.461...53S
2249:2001Natur.413..591S
2166:2020tcsp.book.....P
2132:Risk and Precaution
1891:Scientific American
1753:Systems Engineering
1645:Generative sciences
1413:Vladimir Pokrovskii
1250:Walter Clemens, Jr.
843:rules, the dynamic
711:and the developing
604:statistical physics
451:Bounded rationality
409:Population dynamics
318:Conversation theory
218:Genetic programming
143:Scale-free networks
75:Collective behavior
4610:Computation theory
4605:Information theory
4560:Operationalization
4436:Nonlinear dynamics
4348:Prisoner's dilemma
4295:Genetic algorithms
3968:10.1002/cplx.20225
3881:Kelly, K. (1995).
3874:2017-09-28 at the
3800:10.1002/cplx.10059
3461:Scientific Reports
3357:Scientific Reports
3069:Santa Fe Institute
2871:American Scientist
2762:M. Newman (2010).
1748:System equivalence
1714:Percolation theory
1679:Multi-agent system
1640:Fractal physiology
1605:Dissipative system
1546:Cognitive modeling
1403:Luciano Pietronero
1230:Alexander Bogdanov
1134:
1093:fractal physiology
1077:complexity science
1016:Santa Fe Institute
934:Santa Fe Institute
782:
669:
612:nonlinear dynamics
608:information theory
594:from mathematics,
442:Prisoner's dilemma
387:Nonlinear dynamics
342:Operationalization
338:Information theory
214:Genetic algorithms
4618:
4617:
4522:Cellular automata
4494:Pattern formation
4426:Adaptive networks
4217:Collective action
4187:Self-organization
4090:"Complex Systems"
3912:978-3-030-70981-5
3768:and J.M. Ottino,
3691:(11): 3747–3752.
3038:. 5 October 2021.
2933:(7569): 308–311.
2830:(5948): 264–267.
2773:978-0-19-920665-0
2660:10.1111/ele.12236
2535:(7228): 463–466.
2480:(16): 9383–9387.
2395:(6105): 344–348.
2243:(6856): 591–596.
2200:10.1111/ele.13401
2067:978-0-19-966254-8
2034:978-0-14-016734-4
1785:
1784:
1728:Self-organization
1551:Cognitive Science
1418:William T. Powers
1343:J. A. Scott Kelso
1081:transdisciplinary
802:bifurcation point
798:financial systems
760:pattern stability
725:political parties
588:spontaneous order
584:self-organization
557:spontaneous order
493:
492:
280:Cellular automata
254:Pattern formation
185:Adaptive networks
89:Collective action
58:Self-organization
16:(Redirected from
4648:
4631:Complex dynamics
4532:Self-replication
4421:Dynamic networks
4310:Machine learning
4237:Phase transition
4161:
4154:
4147:
4138:
4137:
4103:in scholarpedia.
4097:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4072:. Archived from
4064:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4044:. Archived from
4037:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4017:. Archived from
4010:
3972:
3970:
3924:
3863:Nigel Goldenfeld
3850:
3848:
3803:
3747:
3746:
3736:
3718:
3700:
3698:cond-mat/0311416
3676:
3670:
3669:
3659:
3649:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3555:
3553:cond-mat/0106144
3539:
3533:
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3517:
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2884:
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2844:10.1038/307264a0
2819:
2813:
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2784:
2778:
2777:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2734:
2716:
2714:cond-mat/0106096
2696:
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2257:10.1038/35098000
2228:
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2169:
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2147:
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2054:Holland, John H.
2050:
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1650:Hierarchy theory
1615:Dynamical system
1566:Complex networks
1530:
1529:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1453:Sergei Starostin
1378:Melanie Mitchell
1305:Vittorio Guidano
1300:Nigel Goldenfeld
1295:Murray Gell-Mann
1240:Guido Caldarelli
1168:Notable scholars
1147:Murray Gell-Mann
1131:Lorenz attractor
1036:Ricardo Hausmann
1028:Cesar A. Hidalgo
973:Klaus Hasselmann
938:Murray Gell-Mann
893:butterfly effect
620:computer science
485:
478:
471:
362:Systems thinking
288:Self-replication
226:Machine learning
180:Dynamic networks
101:Phase transition
40:
39:
21:
4656:
4655:
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4650:
4649:
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4645:
4621:
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4580:System dynamics
4541:
4527:Spatial ecology
4488:
4430:
4416:Systems biology
4367:
4334:
4305:Artificial life
4275:
4266:
4262:Swarm behaviour
4247:Synchronization
4207:Social dynamics
4198:
4191:
4170:
4168:Complex systems
4165:
4101:Complex systems
4079:
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4068:
4059:
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4049:
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4013:
4005:
4002:
3913:
3876:Wayback Machine
3756:
3754:Further reading
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2948:10.1038/525308a
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2756:
2732:10.1.1.242.4753
2697:
2693:
2648:Ecology Letters
2644:
2640:
2584:
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2525:
2521:
2466:
2462:
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2450:
2380:
2376:
2331:(7260): 53–59.
2317:
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2292:
2288:
2229:
2225:
2188:Ecology Letters
2180:
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2091:Planning Theory
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2018:
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2002:
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1961:
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1795:
1790:
1743:System dynamics
1738:System accident
1684:Network science
1522:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1507:
1498:Steen Rasmussen
1488:Stephen Wolfram
1458:Steven Strogatz
1393:Harold Morowitz
1368:Donella Meadows
1338:Stuart Kauffman
1334:Johannes Jaeger
1290:Nigel R. Franks
1220:Gregory Bateson
1210:Béla H. Bánáthy
1200:W. Brian Arthur
1185:Philip Anderson
1170:
1156:
1105:
1089:
1067:
1058:
1046:business cycles
1008:
999:
990:
985:
967:was awarded to
942:Philip Anderson
926:
911:Both negative (
881:social behavior
737:
674:
648:
600:Complex systems
572:complex systems
489:
460:
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80:Social dynamics
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44:Complex systems
38:
33:Complex Systems
28:
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5:
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4570:Self-reference
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4547:Systems theory
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4474:Multistability
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4232:Herd mentality
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4000:External links
3998:
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3976:Stefan Thurner
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3884:Out of Control
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3243:(3): 231–243.
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2654:(3): 350–359.
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4330:Evolvability
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3953:(6): 12–20.
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2975:the original
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2877:(4): 536–544
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2015:
2005:16 September
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1813:
1809:
1796:
1699:Nonlinearity
1694:fr:Noogenèse
1541:Chaos theory
1478:Duncan Watts
1448:Dave Snowden
1320:John Holland
1310:James Hartle
1280:Doyne Farmer
1157:
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1109:chaos theory
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983:Applications
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738:
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616:anthropology
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577:reductionism
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243:Evolvability
208:
164:Graph theory
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32:
4600:Autopoiesis
4595:Cybernetics
4585:Sensemaking
4555:Homeostasis
4517:Percolation
4479:Bifurcation
4454:Phase space
4340:Game theory
4197:Collective
3467:(1): 1693.
2669:10261/91808
2194:(1): 2–15.
2097:: 122–142.
1897:(2), 58-65.
1880:. Springer.
1709:Percolation
1591:Cybernetics
1408:David Pines
1388:Edgar Morin
1315:F. A. Hayek
849:Small-world
839:As well as
764:synergetics
756:equilibrium
729:communities
624:meteorology
527:, a living
513:human brain
437:Game theory
421:Bifurcation
401:Phase space
366:Sensemaking
334:Homeostasis
313:Autopoiesis
308:cybernetics
276:Percolation
4625:Categories
4411:Robustness
4391:Centrality
4277:adaptation
4175:Background
4080:2018-08-29
4052:2017-09-22
4025:2017-09-22
3947:Complexity
3831:(5): 3–5.
3825:Complexity
3780:Complexity
3214:10613/2583
3074:28 October
2981:2018-05-17
2881:28 October
1788:References
1571:Complexity
1398:Scott Page
1383:Cris Moore
1363:Robert May
1358:Ellen Levy
1034:economist
1026:physicist
853:scale-free
790:ecosystems
715:, cities,
672:Adaptation
660:creating "
658:Glider Gun
636:psychology
596:adaptation
561:adaptation
405:Attractors
200:adaptation
172:Robustness
156:Centrality
4459:Attractor
4272:Evolution
4182:Emergence
4119:based on
3921:239756912
3725:0027-8424
3489:2045-2322
3442:0954-349X
3428:: 32–42.
3385:2045-2322
3257:2322-5939
3156:0960-0779
3134:: 82–94.
2971:"History"
2727:CiteSeerX
2678:1461-0248
2617:1476-4687
2557:1476-4687
2427:0036-8075
2353:1476-4687
2265:1476-4687
2113:149578797
1768:Tektology
1625:Emergence
963:The 2021
697:ecosystem
693:biosphere
632:economics
628:sociology
570:The term
553:emergence
525:ecosystem
509:organisms
196:Evolution
63:Emergence
35:(journal)
4565:Feedback
4373:Networks
4199:behavior
4061:"INDECS"
3872:Archived
3743:15007165
3666:27555583
3588:Networks
3507:35105929
3403:36400910
3324:(1996).
3308:(1998).
3275:29524952
3164:85526993
3036:BBC News
3020:: 68–83.
2957:26381968
2686:24386999
2625:19396144
2565:19052545
2514:12881488
2447:Archived
2435:23087241
2361:19727193
2273:11595939
2218:31707763
2129:(2011).
2056:(2014).
2022:(1995),
1996:Archived
1510:See also
1161:Internet
1030:and the
917:feedback
877:termites
873:emergent
841:coupling
735:Features
723:such as
703:and the
695:and the
681:adaptive
655:Gosper's
533:universe
517:software
326:Feedback
259:Fractals
138:Networks
4590:Entropy
4406:Scaling
4123:, 1999.
3995:(2014).
3955:Bibcode
3833:Bibcode
3788:Bibcode
3774:, 2004.
3703:Bibcode
3657:5018742
3634:Bibcode
3498:8807815
3469:Bibcode
3394:9674651
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3322:Per Bak
3266:5890068
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2719:Bibcode
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2597:Bibcode
2537:Bibcode
2482:Bibcode
2453:10 June
2443:4005516
2397:Bibcode
2389:Science
2369:4001553
2333:Bibcode
2281:8001853
2245:Bibcode
2209:6916369
2162:Bibcode
1964:28 July
1960:: 33–67
1926:28 July
1922:: 33–67
1858:28 July
1854:: 33–67
1820:28 July
1816:: 33–67
1635:Fractal
1205:Per Bak
1139:Android
1097:entropy
1032:Harvard
924:History
913:damping
845:network
817:economy
794:climate
662:gliders
640:biology
545:complex
540:systems
505:climate
370:Variety
322:Entropy
168:Scaling
4396:Motifs
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563:, and
523:), an
521:cities
511:, the
501:system
160:Motifs
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4469:Chaos
3917:S2CID
3693:arXiv
3548:arXiv
3160:S2CID
2848:S2CID
2749:60545
2745:S2CID
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2629:S2CID
2569:S2CID
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2109:S2CID
1999:(PDF)
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