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by side of a yellow bungalow to shoot at Rand. Each armed with a sword and a pistol. Balkrishna in addition carried a hatchet. They reached
Ganeshkhind, they saw what looked like Rand's carriage pass by, but they let it go, not being sure, deciding to attack him on his way back. They reached Government House at 7.00 – 7.30 in the evening, the sun had set and darkness began to set in. A large number of people had gathered to witness the spectacle at the Government House. There were bonfires on the hills. The swords and the hatchets they carried made movement without raising suspicion difficult, so they cached them under a stone culvert near the bungalow. As planned, Damodar Hari waited at the gate of the Government House, and as Rand's carriage emerged, ran 10 – 15 paces behind it. As the carriage reached the yellow bungalow, Damodar made up the distance, and called out "Gondya ala re"(“Gondya has come,” or “here is Gondya”), a predetermined signal for Balkrishna to take action. Damodar Hari undid the flap of the carriage, raised it and fired from a distance of about a span. It was originally planned that both would shoot at Rand, so as to ensure that Rand would not live, however Balkrishna Hari lagged behind and Rand's carriage rolled on, Balkrishna Hari meanwhile on the suspicion that the occupants of the following carriage were whispering to each other, fired at the head of one of them from behind. Lieutenant Ayerst, Rand's military escort who was riding in the following carriage died on the spot, Rand was taken to Sassoon Hospital where he succumbed to his injuries 3 July 1897.
266:
412:, and had "wantonly destroyed property, appropriated jewellery, burnt furniture, entered kitchens and places of worship, contaminated food, spat upon idols or broke them by throwing them on the ground, and dragged women into the streets for inspection before removal to hospitals" during house searches. Gokhale further alleged during the interview that his associated reported to him that two women were sexually assaulted by soldiers, one of whom subsequently committed suicide. Gokhale subsequently came under a storm of criticism for his claims, and eventually offered an "unqualified apology" for them, for which he came under further criticism from Indian nationalists. In Independent India, a
156:
465:, dated 4 October 1897, reports the arrest of Damodar Chapekar Deccani, and 28 others, Ayerst's and Rand's slayers. This article states that Deccani is Damodar's last name and refers to him as such. It also terms him an advocate. Another dated 4 November 1897, reports the incident and the subsequent trial, it calls Damodar Chapekar a Brahmin lawyer. The former article says that Damodar became embittered with Europeans as he was refused enlistment in the army, by the authorities in Shimla. Both articles also mention Damodar's admission of an earlier incident of tarring of Queen Victoria's statue. On 2 February 1898,
341:, etc. The action took form in vaccinating the population and better sanitary arrangements. Given the vast cultural differences, and at times the arrogance of colonial officers, these health measures often led to public anger. However, the heavy handedness particularly bad in 1897, during the bubonic plague epidemic in the city. By the end of February 1897, the epidemic was raging with a mortality rate twice the norm (657 deaths or 0.6% of the city population), and half the city's population had fled. A Special Plague Committee was formed under the chairmanship of W.C. Rand, an
29:
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475:, dated 13 February 1899, reports that a brother of Damodar Hari, who was sentenced to death for the shooting to death of Poona Plague Commissioner and Lt. Ayerst, fired upon a native police officer. A connection between the shooting of the Dravid brothers on the streets of Poona is also mentioned with the shooting. It further states that Chapekar boasted of murder the Dravids and also named an accomplice, Ranade. It also reports the arrest of Chapekar and Ranade.
53:
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public, evacuation to hospitals and segregation camps and preventing movement from the city. Some of these officers also vandalized properties and religious symbols. These measures were considered oppressive by the populace of Pune and complaints were ignored by Rand. Thus, to put an end to the injustice borne by the people of Pune, the
Chapekar brothers shot Rand, and his military escort Lieutenant Ayerst, on 22 June 1897.
277:, sixteen miles from Indore. Hari Vinayak and his family were at Nagpur then but could not attend the funeral, as they were too poor to pay for the journey. Hari Chapekar's wife too was alone when she died, Hari's poverty prevented him from being with his parents when they died. Hari Vinayak's brothers too went their own ways, only one brother staying back in their ancestral home.
444:, tried and hanged, on 18 April 1898. Balkrishna Hari absconded, and could be found only in January 1899, betrayed by a friend. Police informants: the Dravid brothers, were eliminated by Vasudeo Hari, Mahadev Vinayak Ranade and Khando Vishnu Sathe, who were arrested in their attempt to shoot police chief constable Rama Pandu later the same evening, of 9 February 1899.
451:. The Chapekar brothers Balkrishna Hari and Vasudeo Hari, along with Ranade, were convicted on March 8, 1899 and sentenced to death by hanging. They were executed by the gallows, Vasudev Hari: 8 May 1899, Mahadeva Vinayak Ranade: 10 May 1899, Balkrishna Hari :12 May 1899. Sathe, though a juvenile, was sentenced to 10 years' Rigorous Imprisonment.
179:. Damodar the eldest, was born in 1869 The brothers' grandfather, Vinayak Chapekar, was the head of an extended family which consisted of the brothers parents, Dwarka and Hari, and about twenty members including six uncles, two aunts, and two grandmothers. The family was wealthy at the time of Damodar's birth, earlier having had a turnover of
351:
to have succumbed from plague, and prohibit use of any other place for the purpose. Disobedience of the orders would subject the offender to criminal prosecution. The work of the committee began on 13 March and ended on 19 May. The total estimated plague mortality was 2091. These measures were deeply unpopular. Nationalist leader
396:, wrote: "Her Majesty the Queen, the Secretary of State and his Council, should not have issued the orders for practising tyranny upon the people of India without any special advantage to be gained... the government should not have entrusted the execution of this order to a suspicious, sullen and tyrannical officer like Rand."
391:
as stating that the appointment of military officers introduced an element of severity and coercion in the house searches, the highhandedness of the government provoked the people of Puna, and some soldiers were beaten in the Rasta Peth locality. Kelkar alleged that the soldiers involved in the house
375:
article, asserted that the cause of plague was native practices such as going bare-foot, the distrust of the natives about the government segregation camps; further, that houses have been shut up with corpses inside, and search parties have been going around to unearth them. The same article included
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resided. It was also required of the principal occupant of a house or a building to report all deaths and all illnesses suspected to be plague. Funerals were declared unlawful until the deaths were registered. The committee had the right to mark special grounds for giving funeral to corpses suspected
119:
were brought in to deal with the emergency. Despite orders from the government to pay heed to religious sentiments, Rand appointed over 800 officers and soldiers - the measures employed included entry into private houses, stripping and examination of occupants (including women) by
British officers in
435:
Damodar Hari was arrested in connection with the above, on the basis of information given by the Dravid brothers. In his statement, recorded on 8 October 1897, Damodar Hari, said that atrocities like the pollution of sacred places and the breaking of idols were committed by
European soldiers at the
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was celebrated in Pune. In his autobiography
Damodar Hari writes that he believed the jubilee celebrations would cause Europeans of all ranks to go to the Government House, and give them the opportunity to kill Rand. The brothers Damodar Hari and Balkrishna Hari selected a spot of Ganeshkhind road,
328:
during the
British colonial rule. The cantonment had a significant European population of soldiers, officers, and their families. A number of public health initiatives were undertaken during this period ostensibly to protect the Indian population, but mainly to keep Europeans safe from the periodic
368:
In his report on the administration of the Puna plague, Rand wrote, "It is a matter of great satisfaction to the members of the Plague
Committee that no credible complaint that the modesty of a woman had been intentionally insulted was made either to themselves or to the officers under whom the
186:
With passage of time, mainly on account of
Vinayak Chapekar's independent spirit and ways which made him incapable of submitting himself to government service, and his many unsuccessful business ventures, the family gradually sank into poverty. At one time when Damodar Hari was a young boy, the
261:
hand. He subsequently stopped speaking any language but
Sanskrit, became careless in dress, stopped interaction with others as far as possible, and started to beg on the streets. Other members of the family faced poverty too, and were forced to feed themselves at charity kitchens.
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officer. He brought
European troops to deal with the emergency. The heavy handed measures he employed included forcibly entering peoples' homes, at times in the middle of the night and removing infected people and digging up floors, where it was believed in those days, the plague
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and Maratha. The resentment culminated in Rand and his military escort being shot dead by the Chapekar brothers on 22 June 1897.The assassination led to a re-evaluation of public health policies. This led even Tilak to support the vaccination efforts later in 1906.
297:
of great princes and seeing assemblies of eminent scholars" was a source of knowledge far more enriching than a few examinations passed in school", writes Damodar Hari in his autobiography. Hari Vinayak, father of the Chapekar brothers is credited to have authored
869:"INDIA'S PLAGUE AND FAMINE; Their Horrors Described by the Rev. Robert P. Wilder, Missionary at Poona. GOVERNMENT AID CAME LATE Two Kinds of the Disease, and Both Deadly – Natives Dying by Hundreds of Hunger – Overseers Stealing the Supplies"
392:
searches "either, through ignorance or impudence, would mock, indulge in monkey tricks, talk foolishly, intimidate, touch innocent people, shove them, enter any place without justification, pocket valuable items, etc". His close associate,
369:
troops worked". He also writes that closest watch was kept on the troops employed on plague duty and utmost consideration was shown for the customs and traditions of the people. A missionary, Rev. Robert P. Wilder, quoted in a contemporary
237:
was regarded with disapproval by his caste men and friends of the family, considering the status and antiquity of the family. Vinayak Hari's brothers too looked down on the profession and left it, leaving the house, going their own ways.
292:
The father and children became proficient in their art and were admired for their work. The Chapekar brothers received little formal education, but the "company of good people, hearing of kirtans, travelling, witnessing
408:, while on a visit to Britain, that soldiers "ignorant of the language and contemptuous of the customs, the sentiments and the religious susceptibilities of the people" had been "let loose" upon the city of
198:
Damodar recalls that their family rose to richness which was a result of this pilgrimage; he refutes it, and is thankful to his grandfather for the opportunity he had of drinking the waters of the Ganga –
80:, after the public of Pune was frustrated with the vandalism from the officers and soldiers appointed by him, in late 19th century. Mahadev Vinayak Ranade was also an accomplice in the assassination.
143:) were charged with the murders in various roles, as well as the shooting of two informants and an attempt to shoot a police officer. All three brothers were found guilty and
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In 1897, there was an epidemic of plague in Poona. To control the epidemic, an officer named Mr. Rand was appointed. He used tyrannical methods and harassed the people.
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76:(1880 – 8 May 1899), also spelt Wasudeva or Wasudev, were Indian revolutionaries involved in assassinating W. C. Rand, the British Plague Commissioner of
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Hari Vinayak was left to fend for his family on his own, he did not have the means to hire professional musicians to accompany him during his
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807:. Part II., Chapter I.: The five Plague Committees: Government Central Press, Mumbai (then Bombay). pp. 89–p.100. Archived from
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hit India in 1896–97, the government had set up a Special Plague Committee for managing the pandemic, whose commissioner was
677:
265:
226:. Hari Chapekar's brothers were taught to play musical instruments so that they could accompany him during his performance.
147:, an accomplice was dealt with similarly, and another, then a schoolboy, was sentenced to ten years' rigorous imprisonment.
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All were subsequently apprehended and tried; Balkrishna Hari pleaded not guilty and his defense lawyers included
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Supplement to the account of plague administration in the Bombay Presidency from September 1896 till May 1897
135:. Both died, Ayerst on the spot and Rand of his wounds on 3 July. The Chapekar brothers and two accomplices (
1091:"Ayerst's and Rand's slayers: Damodar Chapekar Deccani, a Brahmin Advocate and 28 Others Arrested in India"
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of this. His statement was treated as a confession and he was charged under section 302 of the
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after sunrise on Friday, partly first and partly second day of the dark half of the month of
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131:, Rand and his military escort Lt. Ayerst were shot while returning from the celebrations at
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The brothers' father, Hari, was sent to Poona High School up to 6th standard, after which a
804:
Account of plague administration in the Bombay Presidency from September 1896 till May 1897
1150:"Chapekar sentenced to die: Brahmin lawyer who killed Lieut. Ayerst and commissioner Rand"
376:
reported rumours that the plague has been caused by grain hoarded for twenty years by the
8:
553:
404:
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In contrast to the above accounts, accounts based on local sources quote, among others,
191:, with two servants and three carts. Damodar remembers the death of his elder sister at
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time of house searches in Pune, during the plague. Chapekar tells that they wanted to
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836:. Government Central Press, Mumbai (then Bombay). pp. 1–p.153. Archived from
416:
government agency published school textbook describes the Pune plague as follows,
44:
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187:
family, consisting of a party of twenty five travellers, went on a pilgrimage to
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128:
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493:, covers events prior to the assassination, the act and its aftermath. The
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898:"Associates in Hindutva Movement: Narsimha Chintaman or Tatyasaheb Kelkar"
777:
Public health in British India: Anglo-Indian preventive medicine 1859–1914
527:
413:
269:
Hari Vinayak Chapekar, the father of the revolutionary, Chapekar brothers
258:
176:
16:
Indian revolutionaries who assassinated a British official in Pune (1897)
52:
699:(Repr. ed.). Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 142–146.
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338:
230:
164:
96:
1230:
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1014:"The Jubilee Murders. The Verdict. The Three Accused Found Guilty"
599:
Plague Ports: The Global Urban Impact of Bubonic Plague, 1894–1901
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Third plague pandemic § Political impact in Colonial India
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or grocers being sold in the market, while others felt it was
1226:"'Gondya Ala Re'- a war cry that inspired Inquilab Zindabad!"
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1178:"India: Shooting of witnesses – Native officer fired upon"
504:
was released in 2016 covering the same historical events.
427:
On 22 June 1897, the Diamond Jubilee of the coronation of
280:
726:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 153.
665:. From Bombay Police Abstracts of 1910. pp. 50–107.
972:
Waugh, Dr. Dattatraya; Kulkarni, Prof. Sadhana (2006).
601:. New York: New York University Press. pp. 66–68.
974:
Our freedom struggle: (History and Civics). Standard V
324:
Pune, was a very important military base with a large
163:
Damodar, Balkrishna and Vasudeo Chapekar hailed from
621:
273:
Hari Chapekar died and was cremated on the banks of
222:
at home so as to prepare him in the profession of a
355:fulminated against the measures in his newspapers,
253:, he worked there as a writer, he had an excellent
780:. Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 148.
696:Science, technology and medicine in Colonial India
313:
241:Even Vinayak Chapekar left the house for the then
91:The brothers initially belonged to Chapa, a small
56:Statue of the Chapekar brothers at Chinchwad, Pune
948:Gokhale: The Indian Moderates and the British Raj
384:'s curse for the daubing of her statue with tar.
1243:
1040:"The Poona Murders. Close of the Trial. Verdict"
526:In 2023 the story of Chapekar brothers Shown in
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
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469:reported the death sentence passed on Damodar.
455:Coverage of the incident by international press
1277:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
1252:Indian independence activists from Maharashtra
988:"The Jubilee Murders: Yesterday's Proceedings"
829:
72:(1873 – 12 May 1899, also called Bapurao) and
1202:
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1203:Kailashnath, Dr. Koppikar; Chheda, Subhash.
1158:(published 4 February 1898). 3 February 1898
1130:(published 4 November 1987). 3 November 1897
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592:
590:
588:
750:Health care in Bombay Presidency, 1896–1930
1099:(published 5 October 1897). 4 October 1897
723:Imperial medicine and indigenous societies
364:Diverging opinions of the British measures
1020:. No. 51560. 9 March 1899. p. 5
994:. No. 51559. 8 March 1899. p. 5
921:Veer Savarkar Father of Hindu Nationalism
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1066:"THE REVOLUTIONARIES: CHAPEKAR BROTHERS"
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626:. Pune Newsline; cities.expressindia.com
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753:. Delhi: Primus Books. pp. 19–21.
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289:, so he trained his children to do so.
207:, giving alms and touching the feet of
159:Residence of Chapekar in Chinchwad Gaon
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1046:. No. 58. 9 March 1899. p. 5
719:
692:
659:Autobiography of Damodar Hari Chapekar
281:Growing up with their Kirtankar father
944:
622:Express News Service (6 April 2005).
478:
229:The taking up of the profession of a
175:, in the present day Indian state of
1205:"22 June 1897, Celebrating 25 years"
655:
32:Revolutionary, Damodar Hari Chapekar
686:
13:
40:Revolutionary, Balkrishna Chapekar
14:
1288:
402:alleged in an interview with the
167:, then a village near the former
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858:The New York Times, 22 June 1897
830:Rand, W. C.; Lamb R. A. (1897).
68:(25 June 1869 – 18 April 1898),
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945:Nanda, Bal Ram (8 March 2015).
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314:The 1897 Bubonic plague in Pune
48:Revolutionary, Vasudeo Chapekar
951:. Princeton University Press.
918:Joglekar, Jayawant D. (2006).
767:
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546:
1:
1257:Indian independence activists
624:"Face lift for Chapekar Wada"
578:
1272:People from Pimpri-Chinchwad
597:Echenberg, Myron J. (2007).
87:Revolutionary Mahadev Ranade
7:
1119:"Damodar Chapekar on trial"
720:Arnold, David, ed. (1988).
329:epidemics of diseases like
10:
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679:MARATHI AND GUJARATI BOOKS
519:, was released in 2019 on
389:Narasimha Chintaman Kelkar
317:
18:
1182:The Sydney Morning Herald
747:Ramanna, Mridula (2012).
676:Blumhardt, J. F. (1908).
571:or the year named Shukla.
472:The Sydney Morning Herald
459:An article, published in
218:was deputed to teach him
924:. Lulu.com. p. 27.
801:Couchman, M. E. (1897).
682:. EYRE AND SPOTTISWOODE.
539:
310:text with translations.
70:Balkrishna Hari Chapekar
21:Chapekar Brothers (film)
1262:People from Maharashtra
774:Harrison, Mark (1994).
693:Arnold, David (2002).
511:about the brothers in
270:
160:
88:
57:
49:
41:
33:
976:. Pune: . p. 57.
509:web television series
400:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
343:Indian Civil Services
318:Further information:
268:
158:
127:of the coronation of
123:On 22 June 1897, the
113:Indian Civil Services
86:
74:Vasudeo Hari Chapekar
66:Damodar Hari Chapekar
55:
47:
39:
31:
840:on 13 September 2007
811:on 13 September 2007
423:The shooting of Rand
896:Savarkar.org team.
656:Chapekar, Damodar.
405:Manchester Guardian
394:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
353:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
109:Walter Charles Rand
1184:. 13 February 1899
1155:The New York Times
1127:The New York Times
1096:The New York Times
1018:The Bombay Gazette
992:The Bombay Gazette
874:The New York Times
479:In popular culture
467:The New York Times
462:The New York Times
300:Satyanarayanakatha
271:
161:
103:, India. When the
89:
58:
50:
42:
34:
19:For the film, see
1234:. 20 August 2019.
958:978-1-4008-7049-3
608:978-0-8147-2232-9
500:Chapekar Brothers
442:Indian Penal Code
348:bacillus bacteria
209:Kashivishveshwara
62:Chapekar Brothers
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125:Diamond Jubilee
99:in the city of
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877:. 22 June 1897
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183:of rupees.
177:Maharashtra
1246:Categories
579:References
568:Samvatsara
507:An Indian
326:cantonment
552:At three
339:small pox
302:, of the
231:kirtankar
224:kirtankar
165:Chinchwad
115:officer.
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1231:Zee News
564:, 1791,
308:Sanskrit
220:Sanskrit
171:capital
1210:22 June
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1103:25 June
1075:29 June
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1024:20 June
998:19 June
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554:ghatika
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201:Ganges
169:Peshwa
145:hanged
141:Shathe
117:Troops
95:named
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540:Notes
497:film
495:Hindi
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189:Kashi
181:lakhs
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