455:
57:
41:
465:
719:
The educational and cultural system aims at creating a socialist nationalist Arab generation which is scientifically minded and attached to its history and land, proud of its heritage, and filled with the spirit of struggle to achieve its nation's objectives of unity, freedom, and socialism, and to
733:
that apply to every human being and those that apply to Syrian citizens only. The constitution guarantees the freedom of expression, assembly and religion for all citizens. It stipulates that the state is the guarantor and protector of the citizen's personal freedom and dignity. The constitution
773:
consisting of 250 members. Members of the People's
Assembly are elected to a 4-year term by general, secret, direct and equal ballot. The constitution provides a 50% quota of the People's Assembly to workers and peasants. The powers of the People's Assembly include, nomination of the president,
706:
which aims to end all forms of exploitation. Three forms of property is presented by the constitution: public, collective and individual property. The constitution guarantees that private property shall not be expropriated except for the public interest and in return for fair compensation.
632:
This constitution serves as a guide for action to our people's masses so that they will continue the battle for liberation and construction guided by its principles and provisions in order to strengthen the positions of our people's struggle and to drive their march toward the aspired
846:
The constitution defines the cabinet as the highest executive and administrative body. It consists of the prime minister, the deputy prime minister and the ministers. The constitution states that the ministers are responsible to the president of the republic.
774:
debating cabinet policy, approving the budget and ratification of international treaties. The
Assembly can not initiate laws but it has the right to amend and approve them. The president is only liable to the assembly in cases of
627:
is the "ideal formulation which insures for the citizen the exercise of his freedom." Fifth, states that the Arab revolution is an integral part of the wider world liberation movement for freedom, independence and progress.
734:
guarantees that all citizens will be equal before the law in their rights and duties. It also states that work is a right and duty for every citizen and that the state will undertake to provide work for all citizens.
614:
and stipulates that the means to achieve these aspirations lie in the wider Arab revolution. Second, within the reality of a divided Arab nation, collective defense will be needed to counter the dangers of
578:
The
Constitution of 1973 replaced a Provisional Constitution of 1 May 1969. The constitution was amended in 2000 to change the minimum age of the President from 40 to 34. During the
598:
The 1973 constitution begins with a
Preamble and is then divided into four parts, called Chapters, which are in turn subdivided into Parts (and in some cases Sections) and Articles.
623:. Third, affirms the nation's commitment to the march toward the establishment of socialist order. Forth, stipulates that individual freedom is a sacred right and that
819:
and over 34 years of age. The nominee is then confirmed through a referendum for a 7-year term. The constitution does not specify a term limit for the president.
257:
1055:
17:
822:
The constitution gives the office of the president great executive and legislative powers. The president is responsible for appointing and dismissing the
430:
379:
262:
355:
80:
642:
Chapter 1 contains 49 articles in four parts and provides the political, economic, educational, and cultural principles and the fundamental rights.
1041:
998:
955:
884:. The constitution states that verdicts in Syrian courts shall be issued "in the name of the Arab people of Syria." It also stipulates that the
195:
503:
351:
344:
900:"I swear by the Almighty to respect the country's Constitution and laws and to carry out my duty with impartiality and loyalty."
583:
859:
The Local People's
Councils are bodies which exercise their powers within the administrative units in accordance with the law.
476:
1212:
417:
227:
654:
is a democratic, popular, socialist, and sovereign state. No part of its territory can be ceded." Article 3 stipulates that
399:
395:
95:
90:
85:
1262:
831:
691:
337:
331:
321:
316:
311:
1021:
978:
939:
299:
294:
289:
835:
827:
151:
896:
Article 143 of the constitution defines the oath taken by members of the
Supreme Constitutional Court as follows:
1257:
496:
164:
823:
579:
189:
1037:
994:
111:
523:
was adopted on 13 March 1973 and was in use until 27 February 2012. It describes Syria's character to be
885:
587:
435:
122:
812:
556:
489:
372:
1081:
147:
135:
751:
407:
1135:
1229:
881:
655:
247:
240:
222:
100:
73:
868:
Chapter 3 contains 19 articles in three parts. It discusses the structure and powers of the
973:(4th ed.). 132 West 31st Street, New York NY 10001, USA: Facts on File. p. 1300.
834:. The president may also dissolve the People's Assembly and appoint an unlimited number of
651:
519:
422:
606:
The preamble contains the five main principles of the constitution. First, it defines the
8:
796:
763:
715:
Article 21 of the constitution defines the goals of the educational and cultural system:
703:
169:
930:
Shively, Schultz, W. Phillips, David (2022). "7: Democracies and
Authoritarian System".
1031:
988:
949:
869:
800:
792:
663:
567:
275:
252:
215:
118:
1208:
1017:
974:
935:
679:
624:
31:
969:
Schlager, Weisblatt, Neil, Jayne; A. Faksh, Mahmud (2006). "Syrian Arab
Republic".
440:
199:
1076:
808:
675:
563:
552:
454:
412:
128:
914:
Chapter 4 contains 7 articles and includes general and transitional provisions.
855:
Article 129 of the constitution defines the Local People's
Councils as follows:
662:) main source of legislation. The article was later amended to include that the
590:
came into force on 27 February 2012, thus superseding the
Constitution of 1973.
1241:
1056:"Amending the Syrian constitution... achieving a quota or reaching a solution?"
830:, and other top civil servants and military officers as well as members of the
671:
469:
157:
140:
742:
Chapter 2 contains 81 articles in three parts. It discusses the powers of the
1251:
767:
385:
694:
as the only framework for legal political party participation for citizens.
775:
730:
804:
770:
747:
687:
616:
548:
540:
459:
61:
56:
686:
is the capital of the nation. Article 8 of the constitution defines the
40:
607:
544:
690:
as the "leading party in the society and the state," and presents the
1016:. 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA: Routledge. p. 610.
611:
560:
532:
528:
1207:. Facts on File library of world history. New York: Facts On File.
683:
536:
815:. According to the constitution, the nominee must be Arab Syrian,
620:
816:
582:, a new constitution based on the 1973 constitution was put to
795:
is the head of the state, the chief executive officer of the
743:
667:
559:
in the society and the state", effectively ruling Syria as a
543:
ideology, it positions the country as a region of the wider
968:
524:
555:, and its 8th Article described the party as "the leading
888:
shall preside over the office of the public prosecutor.
1012:
Derbyshire, Derbyshire, J. Denis, Ian (2016). "Syria".
807:. The nomination for the presidency is proposed by the
650:
The first article of the constitution states that "the
1011:
932:
Power and Choice: An Introduction to Political Science
875:
872:
as well as the process for constitutional amendments.
710:
670:
faith. The constitution does not declare Islam as the
724:
971:
World Encyclopedia of Political Systems and Parties
891:
841:
1077:"Presidential Decree on Syria's New Constitution"
729:The constitution distinguishes between universal
1249:
929:
702:The constitution defines the state economy as a
1244:at the International Constitutional Law Project
551:. The constitution entrenched the power of the
497:
954:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
904:
786:
1040:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
997:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
380:Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates
850:
547:and its people as an integral part of the
504:
490:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
934:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 188.
1169:
1167:
1165:
1155:
1153:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
757:
1202:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1014:Encyclopedia of World Political Systems
645:
345:Popular Front for Change and Liberation
14:
1250:
1176:
781:
697:
1162:
1150:
1138:. The Middle East Information Network
1097:
880:The president also presides over the
791:The constitution stipulates that the
682:of the Syrian Arab Republic and that
610:'s aspirations in unity, freedom and
1115:
18:Chapter 2 of the Syrian Constitution
1205:Encyclopedia of World Constitutions
876:Court Judges and Public Prosecutors
711:Educational and Cultural Principles
586:, which resulted in its adoption.
24:
25:
1274:
1235:
754:and the Local People's Councils.
725:Freedom, Rights and Public Duties
892:The Supreme Constitutional Court
842:Cabinet and Council of Ministers
720:serve humanity and its progress.
463:
453:
55:
39:
1195:
62:Member State of the Arab League
1069:
1048:
1005:
962:
923:
13:
1:
917:
762:The constitution defines the
909:
863:
737:
637:
228:Supreme Constitutional Court
7:
1223:
1136:"The Constitution of Syria"
601:
593:
553:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
436:Status of the Golan Heights
352:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
10:
1279:
1263:1973 Constitution of Syria
1242:1973 Constitution of Syria
692:National Progressive Front
674:. Article 4 declares that
573:
338:National Progressive Front
1203:Robbers, Gerhard (2007).
905:Amending the Constitution
832:High Constitutional Court
793:President of the Republic
787:President of the Republic
704:planned socialist economy
580:2011–2012 Syrian uprising
539:. Further, in line with
1036:: CS1 maint: location (
993:: CS1 maint: location (
1082:Syrian Arab News Agency
851:Local People's Councils
431:UN resolutions on Syria
1258:Constitutions of Syria
902:
861:
746:state, including, the
722:
635:
408:Syrian nationality law
396:Diplomatic missions of
258:Subdistricts (Nahiyas)
81:Preamble and Chapter 1
1230:Constitution of Syria
1173:Robbers, 2007, p.898.
1159:Robbers, 2007, p.899.
1112:Robbers, 2007, p.896.
898:
882:High Judicial Council
857:
758:Legislative Authority
748:legislative authority
717:
656:Islamic jurisprudence
630:
223:High Judicial Council
165:Deputy Prime Minister
1189:Robbers, 2007, p.897
824:Council of Ministers
811:and approved by the
652:Syrian Arab Republic
646:Political Principles
588:The new constitution
520:Syrian Arab Republic
518:Constitution of the
886:Minister of Justice
797:executive authority
782:Executive Authority
752:executive authority
698:Economic Principles
170:Ali Abdullah Ayyoub
1085:. 28 February 2012
801:commander-in-chief
470:History portal
1214:978-0-8160-6078-8
764:People's Assembly
680:official language
625:popular democracy
514:
513:
418:Visa requirements
373:Foreign relations
332:Political parties
282:Recent elections
190:People's Assembly
32:Politics of Syria
16:(Redirected from
1270:
1218:
1190:
1187:
1174:
1171:
1160:
1157:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1132:
1113:
1110:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1035:
1027:
1009:
1003:
1002:
992:
984:
966:
960:
959:
953:
945:
927:
658:shall be a (not
506:
499:
492:
468:
467:
466:
458:
457:
441:Syrian civil war
340:
202:
200:Hammouda Sabbagh
64:
60:
59:
43:
27:
26:
21:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1248:
1247:
1238:
1226:
1221:
1215:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1177:
1172:
1163:
1158:
1151:
1141:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1116:
1111:
1098:
1088:
1086:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1061:
1059:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1010:
1006:
986:
985:
981:
967:
963:
947:
946:
942:
928:
924:
920:
912:
907:
894:
878:
866:
853:
844:
836:vice presidents
789:
784:
760:
740:
727:
713:
700:
666:must be of the
648:
640:
604:
596:
576:
564:socialist state
510:
481:
477:Other countries
464:
462:
460:Asia portal
452:
446:
445:
427:
404:
392:
375:
365:
364:
359:
347:
336:
326:
310:Parliamentary:
304:
278:
268:
267:
243:
233:
232:
218:
208:
207:
194:
185:
177:
176:
129:Bashar al-Assad
114:
104:
103:
76:
66:
54:
53:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1276:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1246:
1245:
1237:
1236:External links
1234:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1213:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1175:
1161:
1149:
1114:
1096:
1068:
1047:
1022:
1004:
979:
961:
940:
921:
919:
916:
911:
908:
906:
903:
893:
890:
877:
874:
865:
862:
852:
849:
843:
840:
828:prime minister
788:
785:
783:
780:
759:
756:
739:
736:
726:
723:
712:
709:
699:
696:
672:state religion
647:
644:
639:
636:
603:
600:
595:
592:
575:
572:
568:emergency laws
512:
511:
509:
508:
501:
494:
486:
483:
482:
480:
479:
473:
448:
447:
444:
443:
438:
433:
426:
425:
420:
415:
410:
403:
402:
391:
390:
389:
388:
376:
371:
370:
367:
366:
363:
362:
361:
360:
350:
348:
343:
341:
329:
328:
327:
325:
324:
319:
314:
307:
305:
303:
302:
297:
292:
288:Presidential:
285:
279:
274:
273:
270:
269:
266:
265:
260:
255:
250:
244:
239:
238:
235:
234:
231:
230:
225:
219:
214:
213:
210:
209:
206:
205:
204:
203:
186:
183:
182:
179:
178:
175:
174:
173:
172:
162:
161:
160:
158:Hussein Arnous
148:Prime Minister
145:
144:
143:
141:Najah al-Attar
136:Vice President
133:
132:
131:
115:
110:
109:
106:
105:
99:
98:
93:
88:
83:
77:
72:
71:
68:
67:
49:
48:
45:
44:
36:
35:
30:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1275:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1216:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1200:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1156:
1154:
1137:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1072:
1058:. Enab Baladi
1057:
1051:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1025:
1023:0-7656-8025-4
1019:
1015:
1008:
1000:
996:
990:
982:
980:0-8160-5953-5
976:
972:
965:
957:
951:
943:
941:9781538151860
937:
933:
926:
922:
915:
901:
897:
889:
887:
883:
873:
871:
860:
856:
848:
839:
837:
833:
829:
825:
820:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
779:
777:
772:
769:
765:
755:
753:
749:
745:
735:
732:
721:
716:
708:
705:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
643:
634:
629:
626:
622:
618:
613:
609:
599:
591:
589:
585:
581:
571:
569:
565:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
521:
507:
502:
500:
495:
493:
488:
487:
485:
484:
478:
475:
474:
472:
471:
461:
456:
450:
449:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
428:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
405:
401:
397:
394:
393:
387:
386:Faisal Mekdad
383:
382:
381:
378:
377:
374:
369:
368:
357:
356:Syrian branch
353:
349:
346:
342:
339:
335:
334:
333:
330:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
309:
308:
306:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
287:
286:
284:
283:
281:
280:
277:
272:
271:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
245:
242:
237:
236:
229:
226:
224:
221:
220:
217:
212:
211:
201:
197:
193:
192:
191:
188:
187:
181:
180:
171:
168:
167:
166:
163:
159:
156:
155:
153:
149:
146:
142:
139:
138:
137:
134:
130:
127:
126:
124:
120:
117:
116:
113:
108:
107:
102:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
78:
75:
70:
69:
65:
63:
58:
51:
50:
47:
46:
42:
38:
37:
33:
29:
28:
19:
1204:
1196:Bibliography
1140:. Retrieved
1087:. Retrieved
1080:
1071:
1060:. Retrieved
1050:
1013:
1007:
970:
964:
931:
925:
913:
899:
895:
879:
867:
858:
854:
845:
821:
809:Ba'ath Party
805:armed forces
790:
776:high treason
761:
741:
731:human rights
728:
718:
714:
701:
659:
649:
641:
631:
605:
597:
584:a referendum
577:
517:
515:
451:
248:Governorates
241:Subdivisions
101:Human rights
74:Constitution
52:
1089:28 February
771:legislature
688:Baath Party
617:imperialism
608:Arab nation
549:Arab nation
423:Visa policy
184:Legislature
1252:Categories
1062:2020-06-03
918:References
813:parliament
768:unicameral
545:Arab world
537:republican
529:democratic
384:Minister:
1032:cite book
989:cite book
950:cite book
910:Chapter 4
870:judiciary
864:Chapter 3
738:Chapter 2
664:president
638:Chapter 1
612:socialism
561:one-party
533:socialist
516:The 1973
276:Elections
253:Districts
216:Judiciary
119:President
112:Executive
96:Chapter 4
91:Chapter 3
86:Chapter 2
1224:See also
799:and the
684:Damascus
602:Preamble
594:Overview
541:pan-Arab
413:Passport
400:in Syria
263:Villages
1142:8 March
803:of the
678:is the
668:Islamic
633:future.
621:Zionism
574:History
196:Speaker
1211:
1020:
977:
938:
826:, the
817:Muslim
750:, the
744:Syrian
676:Arabic
566:under
766:as a
557:party
1209:ISBN
1144:2011
1091:2012
1042:link
1038:link
1018:ISBN
999:link
995:link
975:ISBN
956:link
936:ISBN
619:and
535:and
525:Arab
322:2024
317:2020
312:2016
300:2021
295:2014
290:2007
152:list
123:list
660:the
1254::
1178:^
1164:^
1152:^
1117:^
1099:^
1079:.
1034:}}
1030:{{
991:}}
987:{{
952:}}
948:{{
838:.
778:.
570:.
531:,
527:,
398:/
198::
154:)
125:)
1217:.
1146:.
1093:.
1065:.
1044:)
1026:.
1001:)
983:.
958:)
944:.
505:e
498:t
491:v
358:)
354:(
150:(
121:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
