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732:, was sent for and led Bradlaugh out to the Bar of the House, but Bradlaugh then immediately returned to the table claiming to take the Oath. At this Sir Stafford Northcote moved that Bradlaugh be taken into custody. The House agreed, on a division by 274 votes to 7 and Bradlaugh was taken to the small prison cell located under
680:. He based his argument on law, contending that he was not legally disqualified, and asking "as one man against six hundred" for the same justice he would receive in the Courts. Although well received, the speech was too late to reverse the decision, and Henry Labouchère was forced to withdraw a motion to rescind it.
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The initial difficulty is in defining the word "God". It is equally impossible to intelligently affirm or deny any proposition unless there is at least an understanding, on the part of the affirmer or denier, of the meaning of every word used in the proposition. To me the word "God" standing alone is
651:
On the following day, Erskine May and
Bradlaugh himself were questioned by the Committee, with Bradlaugh arguing that, should the Committee decide he had no right to affirm, he would take the oath and regard it as binding on his conscience. When the Committee decided its report, it agreed by one vote
601:
rose to object to the administration of the Oath to
Bradlaugh. Speaker Brand allowed him to object, and Wolff argued that the Evidence Amendment Acts referred to by Bradlaugh only allowed an affirmation to one who regarded the oath as meaningless, so the House should not allow Bradlaugh to take it.
394:
refused to give evidence in their defence, pleading ill-health, but at the time writing to
Bradlaugh that his testimony would have been of little use to them because he opposed birth control. They were sentenced to heavy fines and six months' imprisonment, but their conviction was overturned by the
860:
In 1898, Bradlaugh's daughter
Hypatia Bradlaugh Bonner wrote a pamphlet in answer to the question that was often addressed to her: whether her father "changed his opinions and became a Christian" before he died. Bonner laid out all the evidence and concluded that her father gave no indication that
33:
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Bradlaugh later returned to the House, but because
Members had to take the oath before being allowed to take their seats, he effectively forfeited his seat in Parliament once he cast a vote in early 1881. His seat fell vacant and a by-election was declared. Bradlaugh was re-elected by Northampton
593:
which was published on the morning of 21 May. He said it would have been hypocritical to voluntarily take the oath "including words of idle and meaningless character" without protest when another form of words was available, but now that the Select
Committee had ruled he must, he would do so and
876:
Since 2002, an "Annual
Commemoration" has taken place beneath the statue at 3 pm on the Sunday closest to his birthday, organised by the Charles Bradlaugh Society. Attendees are invited to speak about Charles Bradlaugh. 2014 saw the addition of the inaugural Bradlaugh Talk with speakers on
718:
At that point
Bradlaugh was summoned back to the table to be told the outcome of the debate; having relayed it, the Speaker then ordered him to withdraw. Bradlaugh "respectfully refused" to obey an order of the House which was "against the law". The Conservative leader Sir
656:
to test whether an affirmation was lawful, and therefore recommended that if
Bradlaugh sought to affirm, he should be allowed to do so in order that such an action be brought to clarify the law. The second Select Committee had effectively reversed the outcome of the first.
873:. The statue points west towards the centre of Northampton, the accusing finger periodically missing due to vandalism. In 2014 the statue was cleaned and returned to the stonework. New signs are to be installed in 2015 on the roundabout reading "Charles Bradlaugh MP".
668:
moved an amendment that
Bradlaugh be not permitted to take either the Oath or make an affirmation. After two days of debate, Giffard's amendment was carried by 275 to 230, a defeat which surprised Gladstone. The majority comprised 210 Conservatives, 34 Liberals and 31
232:
illegally, and a number of by-elections at which Bradlaugh regained his seat on each occasion. He was finally allowed to take an oath in 1886. Eventually, a parliamentary bill which he proposed became law in 1888, which allowed members of both
723:
successfully moved a motion that Bradlaugh be required to withdraw (agreed on a division by 326 to 38, Liberal MPs being unwilling to challenge a motion which sustained the House's legal authority) but Bradlaugh "positively refused to obey".
777:
On at least one occasion, Bradlaugh was escorted from the House by police officers. In 1883 he took his seat and voted three times before being fined £1,500 for voting illegally. A bill allowing him to affirm was defeated in Parliament.
2289:
673:; supporting Bradlaugh were 218 Liberals, 10 Home Rulers and 2 Conservatives. On the next day, Bradlaugh came to the Table claiming to take the Oath; in consequence of the previous night's vote the Speaker ordered him to withdraw.
606:, alerted to the fact that a protest was possible, moved to set up a second Select Committee to examine whether it was possible to interfere with a Member wishing to take the oath. Gladstone's amendment was carried by 289 to 214.
329:
Bradlaugh returned to London in 1853 and took a post as a solicitor's clerk. By this time he was a convinced freethinker and in his free time he became a pamphleteer and writer about "secularist" ideas, adopting the pseudonym
441:, a leading Methodist minister, to a debate on the merits of Christianity. Hughes accepted, on condition that each of them bring 100 individuals whose lives had been changed by their teaching. The debate was never held.
652:
an amendment declaring that the House could "and, in the opinion of your Committee, ought to" prevent Bradlaugh from taking the Oath. It also added (by 12 votes to 9) that it would be possible for an action in the
521:, for the Government, moved that a Select Committee be set up to decide whether persons entitled to make a solemn affirmation in court were also allowed to affirm instead of taking the Parliamentary oath.
500:
in 1880. To take his seat and become an active Parliamentarian, he needed to signify his allegiance to the Crown and on 3 May Bradlaugh came to the Table of the House of Commons, bearing a letter to the
789:(the Evidence Amendment Acts of 1869 and 1870 had proved unsatisfactory, though they had given relief to many who would otherwise have been disadvantaged). Bradlaugh spoke in Parliament about the
813:, the Greek philosopher, mathematician, astronomer and teacher. In 1859 they had a son, Charles Bradlaugh, who died in July 1870, aged ten, some two months after his parents had separated.
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880:
Bradlaugh Fields, a community wildlife park situated to the north of Northampton, was named after Charles Bradlaugh when it opened in 1998. Other landmarks bearing his name include
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In 1886 Bradlaugh was finally allowed to take the oath, and did so at the risk of prosecution under the Parliamentary Oaths Act. Two years later, in 1888, he secured passage of a
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785:, which enshrined into law the right of affirmation for members of both Houses, as well as extending and clarifying the law as it related to witnesses in civil and criminal
898:
In November 2016 a portrait bust of Charles Bradlaugh was added to the Parliamentary Art Collection. Displayed in the Palace of Westminster, the sculpture was designed by
579:
the amendment was carried. Bradlaugh was not surprised that the Committee had gone against him, and notified the Speaker that he would attend to take the Oath on 21 May.
2710:
2675:
2140:
1193:
805:, Bradlaugh married Susannah Lamb Hooper (1831–1877), daughter of Abraham Hooper, a plasterer. Their daughter Alice was born in 1856. A second daughter,
334:" to protect his employer's reputation. He gradually attained prominence in a number of liberal or radical political groups or societies, including the
253:), Bradlaugh was the son of a solicitor's clerk. He left school at the age of eleven and then worked as an office errand-boy and later as a clerk to a
2527:
1869:
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2360:
Charles Bradlaugh: A Record of His Life and Work, With an Account of his Parliamentary Struggle, Politics and Teachings, by John M. Robertson, Vol II
594:"regard myself as bound not by the letter of its words, but by the spirit which the affirmation would have conveyed had I been permitted to use it."
2715:
502:
636:, the Clerk of the House. Sir Thomas found several precedents for Members disabled to sit for refusing to take the Oath, together with Quaker MP
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Bradlaugh was permitted to address the House from behind the Bar (which was technically outside the Chamber), and treated the occasion as his
899:
2523:
Browse and search the catalogue of the Charles Bradlaugh Collection and Bradlaugh Papers archive, held at the Bishopsgate Institute, London.
395:
Court of Appeal on the basis that the prosecution had not set out the precise words which were alleged to be obscene in the indictment. The
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559:, moved that anyone entitled to affirm to give evidence in court was also entitled to affirm instead of taking the Oath in Parliament. Sir
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2011:
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was divisive and many secularists who became socialists left the secularist movement because of its identification with Bradlaugh's
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to affirm, if they so wished, when being sworn in. The new law resolved the issue for witnesses in civil and criminal court cases.
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47:
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567:, moved an amendment to reverse this finding, and the committee split down the middle with eight members (seven Conservatives and
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1125:, Chilean communist, was prevented from assuming his position because, as an atheist, he refused to be sworn in on a Bible.
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367:. Bradlaugh was eventually acquitted on all charges, but fierce controversy continued both in the courts and in the press.
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1543:
1261:
Langer, William L. (Spring 1975). "The origins of the birth control movement in England in the early nineteenth century".
265:
of the Anglican Church and the Bible. When he expressed his concerns, the local vicar, John Graham Packer, accused him of
1046:, International Library of Science & Freethought, Freethought Publishing Company, 28, Stonecutter Street, London E.C.
450:
902:(who is the fourth female sculptor to have work represented in the Parliamentary Art Collection) and was donated by the
852:
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2283:
633:
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2380:
2324:
2037:"The impeachment of the House of Brunswick : Bradlaugh, Charles, 1833–1891 : Free Download & Streaming"
1497:"Report from the Select Committee on Parliamentary Oath (Mr. Bradlaugh)", HCP 226 (1880), Appendix No. 1 (pp. 25–33).
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He was President of the London Secular Society from 1858. In 1860 he became editor of the secularist newspaper, the
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When it was known that this was the likely outcome of the Select Committee, Bradlaugh's fellow Northampton MP
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Bradlaugh's letter was regarded as a direct provocation by his opponents, and when he came to the table, Sir
2207:"Heresy: Its Utility and Morality : Bradlaugh, Charles, 1833–1891 : Free Download & Streaming"
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as well as hundreds of thousands of people who signed a public petition. Opposing his right to sit were the
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2645:
2185:"The True Story of My Parliamentary Struggle : Charles Bradlaugh : Free Download & Streaming"
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who were eventually allowed to take the Oath while omitting the words "on the true faith of a Christian".
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Bradlaugh died on 30 January 1891. His funeral was attended by 3,000 mourners, including a 21-year-old
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575:) supporting the amendment and eight (all Liberals) opposing it; on the casting vote of the chairman
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314:. In 1853, he was left a legacy by a great-aunt and used it to purchase his discharge from the army.
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2500:‘The Cause of Humanity’: Charles Bradlaugh and Freemasonry‘ by Professor Andrew Prescott, PhD, 2003
1941:"The credibility and morality of the four Gospels, report of the discussion between T. D. Matthias"
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The Select Committee began deliberating on 1 June 1880, when it considered a paper put in by Sir
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2228:"Theological Essays : Bradlaugh, Charles, 1833–1891 : Free Download & Streaming"
1991:"A Plea for Atheism : Bradlaugh, Charles, 1833–1891 : Free Download & Streaming"
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2522:
2290:"Atheism and Polygenesis in the Nineteenth Century: Charles Bradlaugh's Racial Anthropology."
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Arnstein, p. 38; "Report from the Select Committee on the Parliamentary Oath" HCP 159 (1880).
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a word without meaning. ... So long as the word "God" is undefined I do not deny "God".
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423:
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1896:"Political essays : Bradlaugh, Charles, 1833–1891 : Free Download & Streaming"
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2015:
1583:"Is There a God? : Bradlaugh, Charles, 1833–1891 : Free Download & Streaming"
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and suspended him from teaching. He was thrown out of the family home and was taken in by
8:
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Photo of the Charles Bradlaugh Statue in Abington Square, Northampton, with a large crowd
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A Revolution in Christian Morals: Lambeth 1930-Resolution #15. History and Reception
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was founded as a result of the trial to promote birth control. He was a member of a
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as an atheist ultimately led to his temporary imprisonment, fines for voting in the
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issues relevant to Bradlaugh. The first speaker was Graham Smith, CEO of Republic.
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Bradlaugh's pamphlet "A plea for atheism", from the Conway Hall digital collections
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Is the Bible Divine?: A Six Nights' Discussion Between Mr. Charles Bradlaugh ...
1181:
See Bradlaugh-Bonner (1908, p.8); Headlingly (1888, pp. 5–6); Tribe (1971, p.18)
2605:
1711:
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Gandhi and the challenge of religious diversity: religious pluralism revisited.
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After defeats in 1868 and 1874, Bradlaugh was elected Member of Parliament for
458:
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2278:. New York/Manchester: New York University Press/Manchester University Press.
1990:
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A decade later (1876), Bradlaugh and Besant decided to republish the American
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four times in succession as the dispute continued. Supporting Bradlaugh were
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465:
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258:
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Charles Bradlaugh Collection, Northamptonshire Central Library, Northampton
2315:
Oxford University Press. (2nd ed. with new postscript chapter published as
1296:
1228:
1059:
427:
352:
278:
2164:"The atheistic platform, 12 lectures by C. Bradlaugh [and others]"
2141:"The atheistic platform, 12 lectures by C. Bradlaugh [and others]"
1870:"Portrait bust of NSS founder Charles Bradlaugh MP unveiled in Parliament"
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declared that he had "grave doubts" and asked the House for its judgment.
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Charles Bradlaugh - Harry Furniss Drawing - UK Parliament Living Heritage
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A statue of Bradlaugh is located on a traffic island at Abington Square,
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431:
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299:
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The Bradlaugh Case: Atheism, Sex and Politics Among the Late Victorians
1965:
A Few Words about the Devil: And Other Biographical Sketches and Essays
331:
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551:
This Select Committee held only one brief meeting on 12 May 1880. The
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589:
543:
387:
360:
1603:"Obituary: Death of Sir David Erskine – House of Commons Memories".
32:
2533:
Hackney Plaques and Social History: birthplace of Charles Bradlaugh
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2313:
The Bradlaugh Case: a study in late Victorian opinion and politics.
2276:
Race in a Godless World: Atheism, Race, and Civilization, 1850-1914
1826:
1280:
364:
2468:
2115:"When Were Our Gospels Written? By Charles Bradlaugh - Free Ebook"
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New Delhi/Chicago:Promilla & Co./Bibliophile South Asia, p.330
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who joined in 1874 later became his close associate. In 1868, the
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initiated a debate on a motion to allow Bradlaugh to affirm. Sir
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266:
198:
2090:"Ancient and Modern, by 'Iconoclast.', A. Collins, and J. Watts"
1682:
http://leicestersecularsociety.org.uk/history_gimson.htm#%281%29
291:, who organised Bradlaugh's first public lecture as an atheist.
2299:
Arnstein, Walter L (1962). "Gladstone and the Bradlaugh Case".
513:, citing the Evidence Amendment Acts of 1869 and 1870. Speaker
407:, although he was later to resign due to the nomination of the
404:
311:
246:
110:
2518:
Detailed account in page on police in Parliament by Robin Fell
2012:"The Bible: What It Is! By 'Iconoclast', by Charles Bradlaugh"
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Poverty: its effects on the political condition of the people
307:
182:
1090:
Heresy: Its Utility And Morality. A Plea And A Justification
1443:"PARLIAMENTARY OATH (MR. BRADLAUGH). (Hansard, 3 May 1880)"
1238:
Fruits of philosophy: a treatise on the population question
1609:. The Times Digital Archive. 8 September 1921. p. 10.
587:
To explain his actions, Bradlaugh wrote an open letter to
261:
teacher, he became disturbed by discrepancies between the
2366:
Champion of Liberty: Charles Bradlaugh (Centenary Volume)
1373:
Brown, Stewart J. (26 September 2019). "To Be a Christ".
884:
705:
A portrait of Charles Bradlaugh in 1890, drawn by artist
173:
2731:
Expelled members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
2341:(1893) in which Chap VI is devoted to Charles Bradlaugh.
1827:"Revolution to ruins: The tragic fall of Bradlaugh Hall"
422:
in Humberstone Gate, Leicester. The other speakers were
2353:
Charles Bradlaugh: A Record of His Life and Work, Vol I
2346:
Catalogue of the Library of the Late Charles Bradlaugh.
539:, 1881 – "Mr. Bradlaugh, M.P., The Northampton Cherub"
2741:
Military personnel from the London Borough of Hackney
1845:"Celebrating the first atheist MP Charles Bradlaugh"
179:
176:
170:
167:
2540:, BBC World Service radio programme, broadcast 1991
2402:
Dare to Stand Alone: The Story of Charles Bradlaugh
1630:"Random Recollections of Leicester Secular Society"
1524:
Proceedings of the Select Committee, p. xvii–xviii.
1366:
1338:"Random Recollections of Leicester Secular Society"
1144:
Dare to Stand Alone: The Story of Charles Bradlaugh
294:At the age of 17, he published his first pamphlet,
164:
2711:People associated with Conway Hall Ethical Society
1020:
989:
837:Bradlaugh's statue at Abington Square, Northampton
640:who was permitted to affirm, and Jewish MPs Baron
380:, or the Private Companion of Young Married People
310:and make his fortune. Instead he was stationed in
298:. However, refusing financial support from fellow
2676:Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
2368:(1933). London, Watts & Co and Pioneer Press.
2247:
2057:
1961:
390:. The two activists were both tried in 1877, and
2617:
2490:contributions in Parliament by Charles Bradlaugh
1710:. The Brookwood Cemetery Society. Archived from
930:The Credibility and Morality of the Four Gospels
861:his opinions had changed in the "smallest" way.
505:"begging respectfully to claim to be allowed to
2513:by Bryan Niblett – book review by Edward Pearce
2250:"Man: Whence and How?: Religion: what and Why?"
1652:Hypatia Bradlaugh Bonner: The Story of Her Life
1515:Proceedings of the Select Committee, p. xv–xvi.
906:as part of its 150th anniversary celebrations.
386:, had already been successfully prosecuted for
190:; 26 September 1833 – 30 January 1891) was an
2334:(1885) in which Bradlaugh plays a major role.
449:Bradlaugh was an advocate of trade unionism,
359:was prosecuted by the British Government for
2395:Trial of Annie Besant and Charles Bradlaugh.
1654:(London: Watts & Company, 1942), pp. 5–7
1197:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
937:Who Was Jesus Christ, and What Did He Teach?
582:
2549:Northampton based Charles Bradlaugh Society
2505:Charles Bradlaugh writings (Bank of Wisdom)
1377:. Oxford University Press. pp. 41–90.
1084:The True Story of My Parliamentary Struggle
919:Political Essays: A Compilation (1833–1891)
414:On 6 March 1881 he spoke at the opening of
145:Founding the NSS (National Secular Society)
1916:
1159:. National Secular Society. Archived from
1012:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
980:Ancient and Modern Celebrated Freethinkers
945:(includes an autobiographical sketch) 1864
609:
317:
31:
1786:"Inaugural Annual Charles Bradlaugh Talk"
1650:Arthur Bonner, Charles Bradlaugh Bonner,
962:The Impeachment of the House of Brunswick
524:
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2138:
1223:
1157:"Charles Bradlaugh (1833–1891): Founder"
851:
832:
820:
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542:
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487:
321:
2716:English politicians convicted of crimes
2390:London: Freethought Publishing Company.
1734:"Did Charles Bradlaugh die an atheist?"
1577:
1575:
1194:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
338:, Land Law Reformers, and Secularists.
277:, who had been imprisoned for printing
2618:
2319:, University of Missouri Press, 1983.
1260:
374:'s pamphlet advocating birth control,
216:In 1880, Bradlaugh was elected as the
1756:"About the Charles Bradlaugh Society"
1372:
1357:
1191:Royle, Edward. "Bradlaugh, Charles".
1678:The life and death of Mahatma Gandhi
1572:
1264:Journal of Interdisciplinary History
746:by leading resistance to Bradlaugh.
382:, whose previous British publisher,
302:, he enlisted as a soldier with the
2736:19th-century British Army personnel
2460:Works by or about Charles Bradlaugh
2388:The biography of Charles Bradlaugh.
1917:A. Collins (1857). J. Watts (ed.).
1824:
1241:. San Francisco: Reader's Library.
1056:The Atheistic Platform: 12 Lectures
1026:, London: Austin & Co., 1870s,
968:The Freethinker's Text-Book, Vol. 1
770:, and other leading figures in the
287:. Soon Bradlaugh was introduced to
13:
2358:Bonner, Hypatia Bradlaugh (1894).
2351:Bonner, Hypatia Bradlaugh (1894).
2344:Bonner, Hypatia Bradlaugh (1891),
1919:"Half-hours with the freethinkers"
1383:10.1093/oso/9780198832539.003.0002
1110:The Freethinker's Text-Book, Vol 1
948:"A Plea for Atheism" (included in
509:" instead of taking the religious
296:A Few Words on the Christian Creed
14:
2752:
2437:
2267:
1190:
2558:Parliament of the United Kingdom
2476:
2348:London: Mrs. H. Bradlaugh Bonner
1632:. Leicestersecularsociety.org.uk
984:Half-Hours with the Freethinkers
924:Half-Hours with the Freethinkers
887:, Charles Bradlaugh Hall at the
864:
801:On 5 June 1855, at St Philip's,
796:
791:London matchgirls strike of 1888
492:Bradlaugh's arrest in Parliament
160:
2706:British birth control activists
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2004:
1983:
1955:
1933:
1910:
1888:
1862:
1837:
1825:Ali, Aown (26 September 2015).
1818:
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1448:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1435:
1426:
1413:
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909:
683:
476:. He took a strong interest in
2495:NSS Founder, Charles Bradlaugh
2423:President Charles Bradlaugh MP
2386:Headingly, Adolphe S. (1888).
1546:, 3ser, vol 253 cols 443–513,
1351:
1330:
1305:
1217:
1184:
1175:
1149:
1136:
1038:When Were Our Gospels Written?
16:British politician and atheist
1:
2721:Atheism in the United Kingdom
2686:People charged with blasphemy
2666:Burials at Brookwood Cemetery
2274:Alexander, Nathan G. (2019).
2077:The Roberts-Bradlaugh Debate.
1804:"History of Bradlaugh Fields"
1663:Chatterjee, Margaret (2005).
1072:Humanity's Gain from Unbelief
809:(1858–1935), was named after
483:
472:and backed France during the
457:, but opposed socialism. His
437:Charles Bradlaugh challenged
347:, and in 1866 co-founded the
240:
2651:British critics of religions
2404:. Oxford: kramedart press.
2162:Platform, Atheistic (1884).
2139:Platform, Atheistic (1884).
1978:A Few Words About the Devil.
1211:UK public library membership
1129:
1050:Some Objections to Socialism
914:Works by Charles Bradlaugh:
7:
2636:7th Dragoon Guards soldiers
2475:(public domain audiobooks)
2311:Arnstein, Walter L. (1965)
2293:Modern Intellectual History
2187:. Freethought Pub. Co. 1882
1808:Bradlaugh Fields & Barn
1484:3ser vol 252 cols 187–221,
1116:
943:A Few Words About the Devil
774:and Roman Catholic Church.
444:
257:. After a brief spell as a
10:
2757:
2544:A bronze bust of Bradlaugh
2538:Omnibus: Charles Bradlaugh
2469:Works by Charles Bradlaugh
2451:Works by Charles Bradlaugh
2362:. London, T. Fisher Unwin.
2355:. London, T. Fisher Unwin.
2248:Charles Bradlaugh (1906).
2058:Charles Bradlaugh (1876).
1962:Charles Bradlaugh (1874).
1360:"Herald of Gospel Liberty"
1098:( includes 20 essays) 1895
976:(Debate with Roberts) 1876
709:, from the first issue of
2641:British atheism activists
2598:
2577:Member of Parliament for
2575:
2563:
2556:
2418:. London, Watts & Co.
2332:Autobiographical Sketches
1790:Charles Bradlaugh Society
1760:Charles Bradlaugh Society
1680:. New York: E. P. Dutton
889:University of Northampton
583:Attempts to take the Oath
416:Leicester Secular Society
149:
141:
131:
117:
97:
92:
88:
83:Sir Moses Philip Manfield
76:
71:Charles George Merewether
64:
53:
43:
39:
30:
23:
2414:Robertson, J.M. (1920).
2375:, London, Anthem Press.
1874:National Secular Society
1693:Arnstein (1983), p. 322.
904:National Secular Society
816:
807:Hypatia Bradlaugh Bonner
768:Archbishop of Canterbury
519:Lord Frederick Cavendish
468:. He was a supporter of
349:National Secular Society
205:in 1866, 15 years after
203:National Secular Society
2400:Niblett, Bryan (2011).
2397:London: Elek/Pemberton.
2393:Manvell, Roger (1976).
1106:Religion, What and Why?
752:William Ewart Gladstone
740:Lord Randolph Churchill
610:Second Select Committee
577:Spencer Horatio Walpole
318:Activism and journalism
1676:Payne, Robert (1969).
1423:(ProQuest, 2008), 188.
1123:Luis Emilio Recabarren
1058:by Charles Bradlaugh,
956:The Bible: What It Is!
857:
838:
830:
715:
693:
629:
563:, Conservative MP for
548:
540:
525:First Select Committee
493:
326:
304:Seventh Dragoon Guards
273:Carlile, the widow of
2726:19th-century atheists
2288:Alexander, Nathan G.
1814:on 24 September 2016.
1358:Smith, Elias (1922).
1203:10.1093/ref:odnb/3183
895:in Lahore, Pakistan.
882:The Charles Bradlaugh
855:
836:
825:Bradlaugh's grave in
824:
704:
688:
654:High Court of Justice
617:
569:Charles Henry Hopwood
546:
532:
491:
424:George Jacob Holyoake
325:
209:had coined the term "
2421:Tribe, David (1971)
1792:. 27 September 2014.
1569:Arnstein, pp. 75–76.
1478:Arnstein, p. 40-51;
1102:Man, Whence and How?
974:Is The Bible Divine?
736:in the Clock Tower.
642:Lionel de Rothschild
599:Henry Drummond Wolff
378:Fruits of Philosophy
263:Thirty-nine Articles
235:Houses of Parliament
44:Member of Parliament
2671:Freethought writers
2646:English republicans
2511:Dare To Stand Alone
2383:, pp. 101–110.
2373:Victorian Sensation
2371:Diamond, M. (2003)
2064:F. Pitman. p.
1766:on 23 December 2015
1708:Necropolis Notables
1704:"Charles Bradlaugh"
1619:Arnstein, p. 76–77.
1560:Arnstein, p. 73–74.
1313:"Charles Bradlaugh"
1252:View original copy.
845:. He is buried in
760:George Bernard Shaw
474:Franco-Prussian War
306:hoping to serve in
127:London, England, UK
2681:People from Hoxton
2571:Charles Merewether
1851:, 14 November 2016
1432:Arnstein, p. 34-35
1317:Freemasonry.bcy.ca
1233:Bradlaugh, Charles
1096:Theological Essays
1044:Perpetual Pensions
992:Why do men starve?
950:Theological Essays
858:
847:Brookwood Cemetery
839:
831:
827:Brookwood Cemetery
764:Conservative Party
721:Stafford Northcote
716:
696:—Charles Bradlaugh
634:Thomas Erskine May
630:
549:
541:
511:Oath of Allegiance
494:
455:universal suffrage
327:
251:East End of London
195:political activist
2661:English humanists
2612:
2611:
2599:Succeeded by
2455:Project Gutenberg
2416:Charles Bradlaugh
2410:978-0-9564743-0-8
2301:Victorian Studies
1876:. 2 November 2016
1392:978-0-19-883253-9
1227:(October 1891) .
1225:Knowlton, Charles
1209:(Subscription or
995:, London, 1870s,
772:Church of England
671:Irish Home Rulers
604:William Gladstone
571:, Liberal MP for
439:Hugh Price Hughes
411:as Grand Master.
397:Malthusian League
344:National Reformer
284:The Age of Reason
224:. His attempt to
201:. He founded the
156:Charles Bradlaugh
153:
152:
108:26 September 1833
25:Charles Bradlaugh
2748:
2701:UK MPs 1886–1892
2696:UK MPs 1885–1886
2691:UK MPs 1880–1885
2656:English atheists
2602:Henry Labouchère
2594:Henry Labouchère
2567:Pickering Phipps
2564:Preceded by
2554:
2553:
2480:
2479:
2464:Internet Archive
2425:. London, Elek.
2339:An Autobiography
2308:
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2127:
2126:
2121:on 30 March 2015
2117:. Archived from
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2096:on 31 March 2015
2092:. Archived from
2086:
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2074:
2072:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2033:
2027:
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2014:. Archived from
2008:
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1987:
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1810:. Archived from
1800:
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1762:. Archived from
1752:
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1714:on 25 March 2007
1700:
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1533:Arnstein, p. 70.
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1163:on 16 April 2008
1153:
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1003:
730:Serjeant-at-arms
697:
666:Hardinge Giffard
662:Henry Labouchère
553:Attorney General
533:Caricature from
372:Charles Knowlton
249:(an area in the
230:House of Commons
189:
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93:Personal details
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2440:
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2337:Besant, Annie.
2330:Besant, Annie.
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2018:on 4 March 2016
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1506:Evidence, Q 85.
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1142:Bryan Niblett.
1141:
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1066:Is There a God?
1005:
1004:
912:
867:
843:Mohandas Gandhi
819:
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602:Prime Minister
585:
527:
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470:Irish Home Rule
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409:Prince of Wales
320:
289:George Holyoake
275:Richard Carlile
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295:
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2626:1833 births
2579:Northampton
2488:1803–2005:
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1855:17 November
1770:23 February
1718:23 February
1375:W. T. Stead
1343:23 February
1275:: 669–686.
900:Suzie Zamit
871:Northampton
849:in Surrey.
742:roused the
625:Vanity Fair
561:John Holker
557:Henry James
498:Northampton
432:Harriet Law
351:, in which
222:Northampton
213:" in 1851.
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2620:Categories
2125:2015-03-26
2100:2015-03-26
2022:2015-03-26
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484:Parliament
332:Iconoclast
241:Early life
211:secularism
104:1833-09-26
1606:The Times
1407:"Evangel"
1273:MIT Press
1247:626706770
1130:Citations
1032:Q26720834
1001:Q26395493
590:The Times
573:Stockport
388:obscenity
361:blasphemy
142:Known for
60:1880–1891
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2473:LibriVox
2295:. (2018)
1849:BBC News
1831:DAWN.COM
1297:11619426
1257:See also
1235:(eds.).
1167:22 March
1146:(2011).
1117:See also
1108:(rpt of
1028:Wikidata
1008:citation
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1486:333–422
1481:Hansard
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565:Preston
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