1082:
419:
427:
40:
346:
proposed to use these secondary rays to generate tertiary ones and prove the existence of polarization by rotating the detecting part of his experimental apparatus. Tertiary radiation was too feeble to measure, so Barkla assembled a slightly different setup. Using his new setup, he was able to prove
669:
377:, the principles governing the transmission of X-rays through matter, and especially the principles of the excitation of secondary X-rays. For his discovery of the characteristic X-rays of elements, Barkla was awarded the
734:
312:(discoverer of the electron). During his first two years at Cambridge, under the directions of Thomson, Barkla studied the velocity of electromagnetic waves along wires of different widths and materials.
459:
A plaque exists on Barkla's house at
Hermitage of Braid in Edinburgh. A commemorative plaque has been installed in the vicinity of the Canongate, near the Faculty of Education Buildings, at the
2899:
687:
475:
was named in his honour, following a competition run by the local newspaper. In Widnes they have a
Retirement housing Complex named Barkla Fields after Charles.
338:
from gases radiated by other X-rays, developing a new experimental setup. This topic was relevant to the question of whether X-rays were indeed a type of
2639:
2869:
1128:
508:
2859:
352:
2864:
657:
Barkla had an excellent voice (said to be either baritone or bass according to various biographers) which drew crowds for his solo performances.
2854:
285:
with a County
Council Scholarship and a Bibby Scholarship. Barkla initially studied Mathematics but later specialised in Physics under Sir
167:
301:
719:
955:
2849:
2712:
1193:
2632:
467:'s Physics department, as well as a Biophysics laboratory in the Biological science department, are named after him. In 2012 a
848:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical or Physical Character
2884:
2742:
1096:
320:
1121:
779:
274:, England, to John Martin Barkla, a secretary for the Atlas Chemical Company, and Sarah Glover, daughter of a watchmaker.
2889:
1036:
1137:
932:
347:
that X-rays can indeed be polarized and are therefore electromagnetic. He published a brief summary of his findings in
694:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2625:
400:. However, other scientists were not persuaded that this was a different mechanism from other known effects such as
2909:
2904:
323:. Barkla's voice was of remarkable beauty and his solo performances were always fully attended. He completed his
1114:
881:
Wynne, Brian (1976), "C. G. Barkla and the J Phenomenon: A Case Study in the
Treatment of Deviance in Physics",
2678:
1245:
650:
607:
1091:
492:
331:
degree in 1907. He married Mary Esther Cowell in the same year, with whom he had two sons and one daughter.
2377:
2301:
316:
278:
162:
124:
116:
1328:
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1403:
614:
Barkla studied experimental physics under Oliver Lodge, for whom he occasionally substituted as lecturer.
236:
2020:
293:
239:
120:
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2188:
339:
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2148:
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1944:
359:
297:
203:
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2204:
2128:
2000:
1562:
1411:
1352:
464:
460:
410:
He died at 12 noon on 23 October 1944 at his home "Braidwood" in
Corrennie Gardens in Edinburgh.
367:
207:
199:
195:
2216:
642:
636:
599:
593:
315:
After a year and a half at
Trinity College, Cambridge, his love of music led him to transfer to
2723:
2232:
2200:
1861:
1677:
1570:
1269:
1141:
1101:
1060:
1023:
378:
247:
152:
968:
2687:
2493:
2309:
2180:
2112:
2024:
1960:
2844:
2839:
2409:
1996:
1757:
1629:
1493:
1391:
1237:
418:
305:
282:
142:
2341:
1450:
1106:
373:
Barkla made significant progress in developing and refining the laws of X-ray scattering,
8:
2321:
1940:
1817:
1777:
1481:
1477:
1372:
1289:
1217:
289:. During the absence of Oliver Lodge due to ill health, Barkla replaced him in lectures.
2445:
1737:
1081:
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2212:
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2012:
1988:
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1901:
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1442:
1233:
928:
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863:
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757:
713:
646:
603:
574:
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2072:
1010:
537:
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2184:
2172:
2088:
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1825:
1789:
1725:
1717:
1669:
1578:
1489:
1419:
1225:
990:
890:
855:
817:
749:
564:
517:
348:
324:
134:
2521:
1833:
1037:"The Barkla X-ray Laboratory of Biophysics - Biophysics - University of Liverpool"
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2417:
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2305:
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2136:
2084:
2060:
1976:
1968:
1905:
1877:
1793:
1697:
1509:
1336:
1177:
1165:
453:
20:
1713:
1261:
426:
2573:
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2557:
2489:
2473:
2465:
2389:
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2349:
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2240:
2220:
2160:
1924:
1801:
1685:
1661:
1613:
1554:
1469:
1399:
1360:
1320:
1285:
1201:
894:
742:
The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin
Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science
328:
1040:
753:
358:
In 1913, after having worked at the
Universities of Cambridge, Liverpool, and
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2617:
2601:
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2541:
2517:
2461:
2457:
2437:
2421:
2393:
2325:
2104:
2068:
1952:
1889:
1773:
1753:
1689:
1649:
1637:
1617:
1586:
1209:
1169:
867:
829:
761:
386:
309:
259:
217:
1837:
843:
2585:
2581:
2537:
2505:
2501:
2353:
2337:
2032:
2004:
1984:
1873:
1853:
1845:
1673:
1594:
1501:
1368:
1277:
1253:
1181:
994:
859:
805:
521:
450:
382:
286:
221:
157:
578:
407:
From 1922 to 1938 he lived at
Hermitage of Braid in south-west Edinburgh.
2649:
2533:
2449:
2361:
2317:
2277:
2056:
2052:
1972:
1885:
1857:
1657:
1625:
1427:
1185:
1076:
39:
2509:
2425:
2405:
2248:
2196:
1809:
1745:
1701:
1538:
1454:
1344:
1312:
71:
1002:
902:
529:
1897:
1869:
1705:
1097:
his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements
821:
775:
435:
243:
91:
1645:
95:
468:
185:
472:
271:
67:
393:
335:
255:
2900:
People educated at Liverpool Institute High School for Boys
1136:
392:
Barkla proposed the J-phenomenon as a hypothetical form of
981:
Allen, H. S. (1947). "Charles Glover Barkla. 1877-1944".
506:
Allen, H. S. (1947). "Charles Glover Barkla. 1877-1944".
1026:, Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography (2008)
971:(2007), University of St Andrews, Scotland. JOC/EFR.
780:"Barkla shows that x-rays have polarization (1905)"
19:"Barkla" redirects here. For the lunar crater, see
735:"Secondary radiation from gases subject to X-rays"
351:in March 1904 and a more detailed account in the
2831:
1063:Physics World Volume 25 Number 02, February 2012
983:Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society
509:Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society
353:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
2647:
922:
634:
591:
242:(7 June 1877 – 23 October 1944) was a British
2633:
1122:
370:in 1913, a position he held until his death.
456:was named in the honour of Charles Barkla.
638:Notable Scientists from 1900 to the Present
595:Notable Scientists from 1900 to the Present
302:Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851
2640:
2626:
1129:
1115:
1085:including the Nobel Lecture, June 3, 1920
1080:
550:
668:
568:
463:. Additionally, a lecture theatre at the
440:"part of the quest for God, the Creator".
362:, Barkla was appointed as a Professor of
2870:Academics of the University of Edinburgh
2713:International Committee of the Red Cross
425:
422:Plaque to C G Barkla, Hermitage of Braid
417:
2832:
967:School of Mathematics and Statistics.
925:Science and the Sociology of Knowledge
803:
732:
718:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
342:as many physicists suspected, because
2621:
1110:
980:
956:"Charles Glover Barkla (1877 - 1944)"
880:
505:
444:
2855:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
946:Plaque to Barkla, Hermitage of Braid
774:
670:"Barkla, Charles Glover (BRKL899CG)"
404:, so the theory was not successful.
2860:Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
551:Shampo, M. A.; Kyle, R. A. (1993).
13:
2865:Academics of King's College London
916:
874:
499:
254:and related areas in the study of
14:
2926:
1070:
804:Barkla, Charles G. (March 1904).
381:in 1917. He was also awarded the
1087:Characteristic Röntgen Radiation
733:Barkla, Charles G. (June 1903).
553:"Charles Barkla--Nobel Laureate"
413:
38:
2850:20th-century British physicists
1054:
1029:
1017:
974:
961:
949:
940:
836:
797:
768:
641:, vol. A–C, Gale, p.
598:, vol. A–C, Gale, p.
292:In 1899 Barkla was admitted to
806:"Polarisation in Röntgen Rays"
726:
680:
662:
628:
625:1851 Royal Commission Archives
619:
585:
544:
485:
438:and considered his work to be
434:A religious man, Barkla was a
1:
1102:Biography at Encyclopedia.com
844:"Polarised röntgen radiation"
570:10.1016/s0025-6196(12)60068-8
478:
430:Hermitage of Braid, Edinburgh
334:In 1903 he studied secondary
327:degree in 1903, and then his
16:English physicist (1877–1944)
2885:Fellows of the Royal Society
958:National Records of Scotland
319:, in order to sing in their
117:University College Liverpool
7:
674:A Cambridge Alumni Database
168:Fellow of the Royal Society
10:
2931:
2890:Nobel laureates in Physics
895:10.1177/030631277600600303
854:(372–386): 467–479. 1905.
676:. University of Cambridge.
294:Trinity College, Cambridge
121:Trinity College, Cambridge
18:
2757:
2741:
2722:
2703:
2673:
2657:
2258:
1915:
1604:
1382:
1148:
927:, Routledge, p. 79,
883:Social Studies of Science
754:10.1080/14786440309462976
471:in Barkla's home town of
340:electromagnetic radiation
317:King's College, Cambridge
227:
213:
191:
181:
174:
148:
130:
125:King's College, Cambridge
112:
104:
79:
49:
37:
30:
1061:"A gritter named Barkla"
298:1851 Research Fellowship
250:in 1917 for his work in
246:, and the winner of the
2910:British Nobel laureates
2905:English Nobel laureates
969:"Charles Glover Barkla"
923:Michael Mulkay (2014),
635:Brigham Narins (2001),
592:Brigham Narins (2001),
557:Mayo Clinic Proceedings
493:"Charles Glover Barkla"
465:University of Liverpool
461:University of Edinburgh
368:University of Edinburgh
265:
208:University of Edinburgh
200:University of Liverpool
196:University of Cambridge
2763:Nobel Prize recipients
2743:Physiology or Medicine
1142:Nobel Prize in Physics
995:10.1098/rsbm.1947.0004
860:10.1098/rsta.1905.0013
522:10.1098/rsbm.1947.0004
431:
423:
379:Nobel Prize in Physics
277:Barkla studied at the
248:Nobel Prize in Physics
153:Nobel Prize in Physics
2732:Charles Glover Barkla
2688:Karl Adolph Gjellerup
1077:Charles Glover Barkla
1024:Charles Glover Barkla
429:
421:
396:behaviour similar to
360:King's College London
234:Charles Glover Barkla
204:King's College London
54:Charles Glover Barkla
700:on 19 September 2015
308:under the physicist
306:Cavendish Laboratory
283:Liverpool University
143:Characteristic X-ray
1043:on 10 November 2013
784:Skulls in the Stars
279:Liverpool Institute
270:Barkla was born in
2895:People from Widnes
2880:English Methodists
2875:English physicists
2694:Henrik Pontoppidan
1079:on Nobelprize.org
445:Public recognition
432:
424:
402:Compton scattering
398:X-ray fluorescence
375:X-ray spectroscopy
364:Natural Philosophy
344:Lionel Wilberforce
252:X-ray spectroscopy
139:X-ray spectroscopy
2827:
2826:
2615:
2614:
816:(1794): 463–463.
304:, to work in the
281:and proceeded to
231:
230:
214:Academic advisors
176:Scientific career
2922:
2765:
2642:
2635:
2628:
2619:
2618:
2608:
2592:
2576:
2560:
2544:
2528:
2512:
2496:
2480:
2468:
2452:
2440:
2428:
2412:
2400:
2384:
2368:
2356:
2344:
2328:
2312:
2296:
2280:
2251:
2235:
2223:
2207:
2191:
2175:
2163:
2151:
2139:
2131:
2123:
2107:
2091:
2075:
2063:
2047:
2039:
2027:
2015:
2007:
1991:
1979:
1963:
1947:
1931:
1908:
1892:
1880:
1864:
1848:
1840:
1828:
1820:
1812:
1804:
1796:
1780:
1764:
1748:
1740:
1728:
1720:
1708:
1692:
1680:
1664:
1652:
1640:
1632:
1620:
1597:
1589:
1581:
1573:
1565:
1557:
1549:
1541:
1533:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1504:
1496:
1484:
1472:
1464:
1463:
1457:
1445:
1437:
1436:
1430:
1422:
1414:
1406:
1394:
1375:
1363:
1355:
1347:
1339:
1331:
1323:
1315:
1307:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1280:
1272:
1270:Kamerlingh Onnes
1264:
1256:
1248:
1240:
1228:
1220:
1212:
1204:
1196:
1188:
1172:
1160:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1108:
1107:
1084:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1039:. Archived from
1033:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1014:
978:
972:
965:
959:
953:
947:
944:
938:
937:
920:
914:
913:
889:(3/4): 307–347,
878:
872:
871:
840:
834:
833:
822:10.1038/069463a0
801:
795:
794:
792:
790:
772:
766:
765:
739:
730:
724:
723:
717:
709:
707:
705:
699:
693:. Archived from
692:
684:
678:
677:
666:
660:
659:
632:
626:
623:
617:
616:
589:
583:
582:
572:
548:
542:
541:
503:
497:
496:
489:
389:that same year.
325:Bachelor of Arts
135:X-ray scattering
99:
98:, United Kingdom
86:
63:
61:
42:
28:
27:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2915:Spectroscopists
2830:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2761:
2753:
2737:
2734:(Great Britain)
2718:
2699:
2669:
2653:
2646:
2616:
2611:
2595:
2579:
2563:
2547:
2531:
2515:
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2483:
2471:
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2415:
2403:
2387:
2371:
2359:
2347:
2331:
2315:
2299:
2283:
2267:
2260:
2254:
2238:
2226:
2210:
2201:Cohen-Tannoudji
2194:
2178:
2166:
2154:
2142:
2134:
2126:
2110:
2094:
2078:
2066:
2050:
2042:
2030:
2018:
2010:
1994:
1982:
1966:
1950:
1934:
1922:
1911:
1895:
1883:
1867:
1851:
1843:
1831:
1823:
1815:
1807:
1799:
1783:
1767:
1751:
1743:
1731:
1723:
1711:
1695:
1683:
1667:
1655:
1643:
1635:
1623:
1611:
1600:
1592:
1584:
1576:
1568:
1560:
1552:
1544:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1507:
1499:
1487:
1475:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1448:
1440:
1434:
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1417:
1409:
1397:
1389:
1378:
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1342:
1334:
1326:
1318:
1310:
1302:
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1215:
1207:
1199:
1191:
1175:
1163:
1155:
1144:
1135:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1059:
1055:
1046:
1044:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1022:
1018:
989:(15): 341–366.
979:
975:
966:
962:
954:
950:
945:
941:
935:
921:
917:
879:
875:
842:
841:
837:
802:
798:
788:
786:
778:(6 June 2009).
773:
769:
748:(30): 685–698.
737:
731:
727:
711:
710:
703:
701:
697:
690:
688:"Archived copy"
686:
685:
681:
667:
663:
653:
633:
629:
624:
620:
610:
590:
586:
549:
545:
516:(15): 341–366.
504:
500:
491:
490:
486:
481:
447:
416:
385:of the British
268:
220:
206:
202:
198:
166:
161:
156:
141:
137:
123:
119:
113:Alma mater
100:
90:
88:
84:
83:23 October 1944
75:
65:
59:
57:
56:
55:
45:
33:
24:
21:Barkla (crater)
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2313:
2297:
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2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2236:
2224:
2208:
2192:
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2140:
2132:
2124:
2108:
2092:
2076:
2064:
2048:
2040:
2028:
2016:
2008:
1992:
1980:
1964:
1948:
1937:P. W. Anderson
1932:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1893:
1881:
1865:
1849:
1841:
1829:
1821:
1813:
1805:
1797:
1781:
1765:
1758:Goeppert Mayer
1749:
1741:
1729:
1721:
1709:
1693:
1681:
1665:
1653:
1641:
1633:
1621:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1590:
1582:
1574:
1566:
1558:
1550:
1542:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1505:
1497:
1485:
1482:C. D. Anderson
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192:Institutions
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158:Hughes Medal
85:(1944-10-23)
25:
2845:1944 deaths
2840:1877 births
2650:Nobel Prize
2089:Steinberger
2005:K. Siegbahn
1997:Bloembergen
1718:Chamberlain
1451:Schrödinger
1361:M. Siegbahn
1290:W. H. Bragg
1286:W. L. Bragg
105:Nationality
64:7 June 1877
2834:Categories
2675:Literature
2606:L'Huillier
2570:Hasselmann
2526:Strickland
2494:Kosterlitz
2418:Perlmutter
2157:Brockhouse
1862:Schrieffer
1734:Hofstadter
1686:C. N. Yang
1443:Heisenberg
1420:De Broglie
1047:2014-01-03
652:0787617520
609:0787617520
479:References
296:, with an
72:Lancashire
60:1877-06-07
2696:(Denmark)
2690:(Denmark)
2659:Chemistry
2652:laureates
2590:Zeilinger
2410:Novoselov
2378:Kobayashi
2302:Abrikosov
2149:J. Taylor
2129:de Gennes
2121:R. Taylor
2013:K. Wilson
1961:R. Wilson
1945:Van Vleck
1916:1976–2000
1906:Rainwater
1902:Mottelson
1878:Josephson
1826:Gell-Mann
1790:Schwinger
1778:Prokhorov
1738:Mössbauer
1698:Cherenkov
1690:T. D. Lee
1614:Cockcroft
1605:1951–1975
1404:C. Wilson
1383:1926–1950
1329:Guillaume
1218:Michelson
1178:Becquerel
1149:1901–1925
1138:Laureates
911:143705640
868:0264-3952
830:1476-4687
762:1941-5982
436:Methodist
355:in 1905.
300:from the
244:physicist
92:Edinburgh
74:, England
2598:Agostini
2486:Thouless
2478:McDonald
2466:Nakamura
2434:Wineland
2366:GrĂĽnberg
2322:Politzer
2306:Ginzburg
2294:Giacconi
2274:Ketterle
2229:'t Hooft
2213:Laughlin
2205:Phillips
2185:Osheroff
2113:Friedman
2085:Schwartz
2081:Lederman
2001:Schawlow
1977:Weinberg
1786:Tomonaga
1678:Brattain
1670:Shockley
1579:Blackett
1571:Appleton
1563:Bridgman
1510:Lawrence
1490:Davisson
1470:Chadwick
1353:Millikan
1337:Einstein
1226:Lippmann
1194:Rayleigh
1186:M. Curie
1182:P. Curie
1092:Obituary
1011:85334546
714:cite web
704:30 March
538:85334546
96:Scotland
2724:Physics
2586:Clauser
2550:Penrose
2534:Peebles
2490:Haldane
2458:Akasaki
2446:Englert
2438:Haroche
2422:Schmidt
2382:Maskawa
2334:Glauber
2326:Wilczek
2310:Leggett
2290:Koshiba
2270:Cornell
2261:present
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2241:Alferov
2233:Veltman
2217:Störmer
2137:Charpak
2117:Kendall
2101:Dehmelt
2069:Bednorz
1969:Glashow
1957:Penzias
1953:Kapitsa
1925:Richter
1898:A. Bohr
1874:Giaever
1854:Bardeen
1818:Alvarez
1802:Kastler
1794:Feynman
1674:Bardeen
1638:Zernike
1630:Purcell
1400:Compton
1345:N. Bohr
1234:Marconi
1166:Lorentz
1158:Röntgen
1140:of the
579:8246619
469:gritter
366:at the
186:Physics
108:British
2602:Krausz
2596:2023:
2582:Aspect
2580:2022:
2574:Manabe
2566:Parisi
2564:2021:
2554:Genzel
2548:2020:
2542:Queloz
2532:2019:
2522:Mourou
2518:Ashkin
2516:2018:
2510:Thorne
2506:Barish
2500:2017:
2484:2016:
2474:Kajita
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2019:1983:
2011:1982:
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1985:Cronin
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1754:Wigner
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1390:1926:
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1367:1925:
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1327:1920:
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1313:Planck
1311:1918:
1305:Barkla
1303:1917:
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901:
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810:Nature
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528:
473:Widnes
454:Barkla
349:Nature
336:X-rays
272:Widnes
256:X-rays
182:Fields
170:(1912)
165:(1916)
160:(1917)
155:(1917)
149:Awards
68:Widnes
2794:1917
2705:Peace
2648:1917
2538:Mayor
2502:Weiss
2462:Amano
2450:Higgs
2426:Riess
2398:Smith
2394:Boyle
2374:Nambu
2354:Smoot
2318:Gross
2286:Davis
2259:2001–
2249:Kilby
2161:Shull
2145:Hulse
2053:Ruska
1989:Fitch
1973:Salam
1870:Esaki
1846:Gabor
1810:Bethe
1774:Basov
1714:Segrè
1702:Frank
1662:Kusch
1650:Bothe
1626:Bloch
1555:Pauli
1539:Stern
1502:Fermi
1455:Dirac
1428:Raman
1373:Hertz
1321:Stark
1262:Dalén
1238:Braun
1007:S2CID
999:JSTOR
907:S2CID
899:JSTOR
738:(PDF)
698:(PDF)
691:(PDF)
534:S2CID
526:JSTOR
394:X-ray
2819:1922
2814:1921
2809:1920
2804:1919
2799:1918
2789:1916
2784:1915
2779:1914
2774:1913
2769:1912
2750:None
2679:1917
2666:None
2558:Ghez
2406:Geim
2362:Fert
2338:Hall
2221:Tsui
2169:Perl
2105:Paul
1941:Mott
1929:Ting
1886:Ryle
1838:NĂ©el
1706:Tamm
1658:Lamb
1646:Born
1547:Rabi
1531:1942
1524:1941
1517:1940
1478:Hess
1462:1934
1435:1931
1297:1916
1278:Laue
1254:Wien
929:ISBN
864:ISSN
826:ISSN
791:2024
758:ISSN
720:link
706:2015
647:ISBN
604:ISBN
575:PMID
449:The
266:Life
240:FRSE
80:Died
50:Born
2390:Kao
2197:Chu
991:doi
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856:doi
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