31:
650:
799:
255:
3058:
740:
487:
1423:
417:. Charles succeeded to the throne on 30 August 1483 at the age of 13. His health was poor. He was regarded by his contemporaries as possessing a pleasant disposition, but also as foolish and unsuited for the business of the state. In accordance with the wishes of Louis XI, the regency of the kingdom was granted to Charles' elder sister
692:, who despised the idea of having the king in northern Italy where the Pope feared the King of France would interfere with the Papal States, and Savonarola, who called for the king's intervention. This conflict would eventually lead Savonarola to be suspected of heresy and to be executed by the State.
513:
There still remained the matter of
Charles' first betrothed, the young Margaret of Austria. Although the cancellation of her betrothal meant that she by rights should have been returned to her family, Charles did not initially do so, intending to marry her usefully elsewhere in France. Eventually, in
470:
as his heir. Anne, who feared for the independence of her duchy against the ambitions of France, arranged a marriage in 1490 between herself and the widower
Maximilian. The regent Anne of France and her husband Peter refused to countenance such a marriage, however, since it would place Maximilian and
708:
in July 1495, the League was unable to stop
Charles from marching his army out of Italy. The League lost 2,000 men to Charles' 1,000 and, although Charles lost nearly all the booty of the campaign, the League was unable to stop him from crossing their territory on his way back to France. Meanwhile,
687:
believed that King
Charles VIII was God's tool to purify the corruption of Florence. He believed that once Charles had ousted the evil sinners of Florence, the city would become a center of morality. Thus, Florence was the appropriate place to restructure the Church. This situation would eventually
704:, the Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Naples, appeared to have trapped Charles in southern Italy and blocked his return to France. Charles would have to cross the territory of at least some of the League members to return home to France. At
766:
Charles bequeathed a meagre legacy: he left France in debt and in disarray as a result of his ambition. However, his expedition did strengthen cultural ties to Italy, energizing French art and literature in the latter part of the
506:, arrived for her wedding with her entourage carrying two beds. However, Charles's marriage brought him independence from his relatives and thereafter he managed affairs according to his own inclinations. Queen Anne lived at the
699:
on 31 March 1495. The formation of the League of Venice, which included the northern
Italian states of Duchy of Milan, the Republic of Venice, the Duchy of Mantua, and the Republic of Florence in addition to the
622:(1492–1503), when the latter supported a plan for a carving out a new state in central Italy. The new state would have impacted on Milan more than any of the other states involved. Consequently, in 1493,
2993:
716:
Over the next few years, Charles VIII tried to rebuild his army and resume the campaign, but he was hampered by the large debts incurred in 1494–95. He never succeeded in gaining anything substantive.
668:) in September 1494 and marched across the peninsula virtually unopposed, using gunpowder artillery powerful enough to rapidly reduce Italian fortifications not designed to endure it. He arrived in
680:
in passing on their way south. Reaching Naples on 22 February 1495, the French Army took Naples without a pitched battle or siege; Alfonso was expelled, and
Charles was crowned King of Naples.
779:. Anne returned to Brittany and began taking steps to regain the independence of her duchy. In order to stymie these efforts, Louis XII had his 24-year childless marriage to Charles's sister,
642:, king of Naples. Alfonso II laid claim to the Milanese duchy. Alfonso II now urged Charles to take Milan militarily. Charles was also urged on in this adventure by his favorite courtier,
2988:
2196:
421:, a formidably intelligent and shrewd woman described by her father as "the least foolish woman in France". She ruled as regent, together with her husband Peter of Bourbon, until 1491.
2071:
695:
The speed and power of the French advance frightened the other
Italian rulers, including the Pope and even Ludovico of Milan. They formed an anti-French coalition, the
471:
his family, the
Habsburgs, on two French borders. The French army invaded Brittany, taking advantage of the preoccupation of Maximilian and his father, Emperor
30:
634:
to
Ferdinand II of Aragon to free up forces for the invasion of Italy. The next year in 1494, Milan faced an additional threat. On 25 January 1494,
459:. Margaret brought the counties of Artois and Franche-Comté to France as her dowry, and she was raised in the French court as a prospective queen.
3171:
1962:
346:
had left to his father, Charles made a series of concessions to neighbouring monarchs and, due to his revolutionary artillery, conquered the
649:
2953:
2298:
724:
Charles died in 1498, two and a half years after his retreat from Italy, as the result of an accident. While on his way to watch a game of
483:. Anne of Brittany was forced to renounce Maximilian (whom she had only married by proxy) and agree to be married to Charles VIII instead.
920:, a young Charles when he was Dauphin is portrayed by French actor Max Baissette de Malglaive. Made available by American cable network
3241:
3196:
1550:
The high and puissant princess
Marguerite of Austria, princess dowager of Spain, duchess dowager of Savoy, regent of the Netherlands
365:, his place of birth. Since he had no male heir, he was succeeded by his second cousin once removed and brother-in-law at the time,
3256:
3110:
3100:
2322:
1594:
406:
3166:
1568:
1365:
440:
320:
696:
683:
There were those in the Republic of Florence who appreciated the presence of the French king and his Army. The famous friar
3221:
736:
of a door. At around 2:00 p.m., while returning from the game, he fell into a sudden coma and died nine hours later.
3201:
3130:
2856:
254:
3026:
2218:
1789:
1249:
810:
402:
211:
294:
until 1491, when the young king turned 21 years of age. During Anne's regency, the great lords rebelled against royal
664:
In an event that was to prove a watershed in Italian history, Charles invaded Italy with 25,000 men (including 8,000
472:
3211:
3191:
2946:
2291:
780:
444:
316:
63:
354:
of 1494–1498 attempted to stop Charles' army at Fornovo, but failed and Charles marched his army back to France.
3226:
3151:
3120:
2889:
829:
713:, ally of Alfonso on 6–7 July 1495. Thus in the end, Charles VIII lost all the gains that he had made in Italy.
2317:
451:. The marriage was arranged by Louis XI, Maximilian, and the Estates of the Low Countries as part of the 1482
3186:
3037:
843:
541:
and ordered Antoine de Ville to ascend to the summit in an early technical alpine climb, later alluded to by
46:
3216:
867:
554:
463:
351:
328:
813:(11 October 1492 – 16 December 1495), died of the measles when three years old. Buried at Tours Cathedral.
3181:
2939:
2284:
911:
also depicts the death of Charles VIII. In that series, Charles was played by the actor HĂ©ctor Carballo.
825:
Francis, Dauphin of France (July 1497). He died several hours after his birth. Buried at Tours Cathedral.
398:
3251:
2249:
884:, Charles VIII is played by Simon Larvaron. The event of the king's death is depicted in the TV series
618:. Innocent's policy of meddling in the affairs of other Italian states was continued by his successor,
572:
339:
579:
with England on 3 November 1492), buying their neutrality with large concessions. The English monarch
1597:[The historic ascent of 1492] (in French). Mont-Aiguille.com. 12 January 2009. Archived from
448:
291:
171:
104:
3176:
854:
Charles VIII's invasion of Italy and his relations with Pope Alexander VI are depicted in the novel
3236:
3231:
3206:
2863:
2077:
La corte di Lodovico il Moro: la vita privata e l'arte a Milano nella seconda metĂ del Quattrocento
588:
3092:
2332:
2182:
915:
560:
526:
525:
Around the king there was a circle of court poets, the most memorable being the Italian humanist
386:
362:
123:
3246:
3003:
2998:
2327:
2174:
2157:
798:
710:
568:
452:
295:
157:
646:. Thus, Charles came to imagine himself capable of actually taking Naples, and invaded Italy.
502:, Charles and Anne of Brittany were married. The 14-year-old Duchess Anne, not happy with the
499:
491:
3008:
2689:
1554:
984:
862:
635:
607:
591:. He devoted France's resources to building up a large army, including one of Europe's first
358:
3161:
3156:
3084:
3047:
2983:
2724:
2719:
2684:
2650:
2625:
2615:
1218:
959:
760:
639:
580:
534:
323:, Maximilian failed to press his claim. Upon his marriage, Charles became administrator of
151:
822:
Charles, Dauphin of France (8 September 1496 – 2 October 1496). Buried at Tours Cathedral.
775:. Upon his death, the throne passed to his brother-in-law and second cousin once removed,
576:
8:
2978:
2850:
2753:
2729:
2709:
2679:
2669:
2630:
2610:
2605:
2585:
2516:
2511:
2467:
2343:
2260:
2235:
1441:
537:
in France. During a pilgrimage to pay respects to his father's remains, Charles observed
410:
366:
319:
in a ceremony of questionable validity. Preoccupied by the problematic succession in the
3057:
2874:
709:
Charles' remaining garrisons in Naples were quickly subdued by Aragonese forces sent by
3042:
2900:
2810:
2773:
2740:
2714:
2645:
2620:
2600:
2595:
2551:
2541:
2536:
1878:
1831:
1274:
1040:
1015:
908:
880:
658:
603:
394:
313:
243:
233:
1598:
771:. Since his children predeceased him, Charles was the last of the elder branch of the
643:
2962:
2674:
2635:
2590:
2561:
2556:
2546:
2203:
2075:
1870:
1823:
1785:
1548:
1436:
1131:
1075:
705:
689:
665:
619:
611:
503:
456:
430:
347:
332:
198:
3066:
2883:
2836:
2764:
2640:
2506:
2101:
1862:
1815:
1428:
1193:
739:
701:
564:
519:
476:
467:
306:
1572:
816:
Francis (August 1493), was premature and stillborn. Buried at Notre-Dame de Cléry.
343:
2970:
2660:
2526:
2501:
2485:
2093:
2009:
The Late Medieval Age of Crisis and Renewal, 1300-1500: A Biographical Dictionary
1309:
756:
623:
486:
480:
374:
223:
69:
2571:
2432:
2164:
2137:
1334:
1100:
772:
751:
745:
615:
584:
418:
283:
275:
100:
41:
3145:
2531:
2457:
2422:
2387:
1874:
1827:
897:
872:
627:
538:
390:
2909:
2452:
2442:
2437:
2417:
2412:
2357:
1943:
893:
443:, daughter of the Archduke Maximilian of Austria (later Holy Roman Emperor
370:
1571:(in French). p. Le Mont Aiguille – Supereminet invius. Archived from
507:
2845:
2825:
2521:
2495:
2447:
2402:
2392:
2377:
2367:
848:
768:
729:
592:
3125:
3074:
2799:
2778:
2580:
2490:
2472:
2397:
2382:
2362:
1992:. Translated by Fackelman, Elizabeth. University of Pennsylvania Press.
1882:
1850:
1835:
1803:
684:
3115:
3079:
2931:
2793:
2783:
2704:
2427:
2407:
2276:
2264:
2226:
2147:
1990:
The Promised Lands: The Low Countries Under Burgundian Rule, 1369-153
784:
776:
631:
596:
436:
414:
90:
1866:
1819:
828:
Anne of France (20 March 1498). She died on the day of her birth at
413:
who had been living in France since the deposition of his father by
3105:
3013:
2819:
2788:
2694:
2476:
2352:
2130:
677:
654:
542:
324:
310:
302:(1485–1488), which resulted in a victory for the royal government.
279:
80:
530:
2372:
1444:, another French king who died after hitting his head on a lintel
357:
Charles died in 1498 after accidentally striking his head on the
299:
218:
1988:
Blockmans, Wim; Prevenier, Walter (1999). Peters, Edward (ed.).
1647:(New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, Inc., 1976) pp. 618–619.
1528:
733:
559:
To secure France against invasions, Charles made treaties with
287:
466:, died in a riding accident, leaving his 11-year-old daughter
2028:
Women, Manuscripts and Identity in Northern Europe, 1350–1550
921:
904:
the game, Charles strikes his head on the lintel of a door.
669:
515:
1494:
1492:
583:
had forced Charles to abandon his support for the pretender
1933:
1931:
1929:
1762:
1713:
1461:
Anderson indicates this child born August 1493 was unnamed.
673:
630:, appealed for help to Charles VIII. Charles then returned
309:
in 1491 after she had already been married by proxy to the
610:, offered Naples to Charles, who had a vague claim to the
1489:
802:
Monument to the children of Charles VIII, Tours Cathedral
1926:
1902:
1750:
1738:
1675:
1663:
1625:
1479:
1477:
514:
1493, she was returned to her family, together with her
350:
without much opposition. A coalition formed against the
278:
from 1483 to his death in 1498. He succeeded his father
2055:
Anne de Bretagne epouse de Charles VIII et de Louis XII
1914:
1613:
2019:
The Longman Companion to Renaissance Europe, 1390–1530
1963:"'Isabel' se refuerza de cara a la tercera temporada"
1474:
1981:
St. Anne in Renaissance Music: Devotion and Politics
1418:
305:
In a remarkable stroke of audacity, Charles married
1784:(London: Leicester University Press, 1998) p. 21. (
1516:
518:– though the Duchy of Burgundy was retained in the
331:that enabled France to avoid total encirclement by
1987:
1534:
498:In December 1491, in an elaborate ceremony at the
1504:
3143:
567:with Maximilian of Austria on 19 January 1493),
2947:
2292:
1587:
914:In the 2017 German-Austrian historical drama
888:with a small twist: in the episode, Charles
871:, Charles VIII is portrayed by French actor
676:on 8 November 1494. The French army subdued
2000:Women's Medical Work in Early Modern France
878:In the 2011 French-German historical drama
2954:
2940:
2299:
2285:
2043:
1768:
1756:
1744:
1719:
1681:
1631:
1619:
653:French troops under Charles VIII entering
29:
2052:
2044:Mallet, Michael; Shaw, Christine (2012).
1997:
1937:
1908:
1899:(New York: St. Martin Press, 1996) p. 79.
1725:
1669:
688:spill over into another conflict between
2016:
1978:
1920:
1483:
797:
738:
648:
485:
2034:
1855:The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin
1848:
1808:The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin
1801:
1561:
1498:
732:) in Amboise he struck his head on the
3172:Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis
3144:
2961:
2306:
1290:
1174:
1170:
1160:
1056:
950:
946:
759:, representing Charles's claim to the
743:Coat of arms of Charles VIII, showing
2935:
2280:
2070:
2061:
2006:
1949:
1693:Robert S. Hoyt and Stanely Chodorow,
1656:Robert S. Hoyt and Stanley Chodorow,
1643:Robert S. Hoyt and Stanley Chodorow,
1522:
1364:
1354:
1350:
1338:
1333:
1323:
1308:
1298:
1294:
1278:
1273:
1263:
1248:
1238:
1234:
1222:
1217:
1207:
1192:
1182:
1178:
1155:
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1130:
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1116:
1104:
1099:
1089:
1074:
1064:
1060:
1044:
1039:
1029:
1014:
1004:
1000:
988:
983:
973:
958:
954:
606:(1484–1492), then being at odds with
389:in France, the only surviving son of
187:
2920:Debatable or disputed rulers are in
2025:
1546:
1510:
638:, died unexpectedly. His death made
490:Marriage to Anne of Brittany at the
274:; 30 June 1470 – 7 April 1498), was
1851:"The Glorification of Charles VIII"
1804:"The Glorification of Charles VIII"
1733:Historical Atlas of the Renaissance
936:Ancestors of Charles VIII of France
587:by despatching an expedition which
298:efforts in a conflict known as the
282:at the age of 13. His elder sister
13:
1553:. Harper & Brothers. pp.
614:through his paternal grandmother,
475:, with the disputed succession to
439:on 22 July 1483 to the 3-year-old
403:Joan of Valois, Duchess of Bourbon
212:Charles Orlando, Dauphin of France
14:
3268:
811:Charles Orland, Dauphin of France
3242:Sportspeople from Indre-et-Loire
3197:French people of Cypriot descent
3056:
1595:"L'ascension historique de 1492"
1421:
253:
16:King of France from 1483 to 1498
3257:French people of German descent
2007:Drees, Clayton J., ed. (2000).
1979:Anderson, Michael Alan (2014).
1955:
1889:
1842:
1795:
1774:
1700:
1687:
1650:
1637:
1455:
819:Stillborn daughter (March 1495)
672:on 21 October 1494 and entered
183:
2142:30 August 1483 – 7 April 1498
2080:. Vol. 1. Milano: Hoepli.
2037:Louis XI: The Universal Spider
2002:. Manchester University Press.
1540:
1535:Blockmans & Prevenier 1999
548:
156:Notre-Dame de Cléry Basilica,
1:
2048:. Pearson Education, Limited.
2039:. W. W. Norton & Company.
2035:Kendall, Paul Murray (1971).
1983:. Cambridge University Press.
1952:, Genealogie de Charles VIII.
1468:
58:30 August 1483 – 7 April 1498
3167:15th-century kings of France
832:. Buried at Tours Cathedral.
830:Château de Plessis-lez-Tours
464:Francis II, Duke of Brittany
338:To secure his rights to the
7:
3222:People of Byzantine descent
2046:The Italian Wars: 1494–1559
1414:
927:
907:The 2012 Spanish TV series
636:Ferdinand I, King of Naples
424:
401:(the godchild's namesake),
399:Charles II, Duke of Bourbon
10:
3273:
3202:French real tennis players
2072:Francesco Malaguzzi Valeri
1972:
1849:Rorimer, James J. (1954).
1802:Rorimer, James J. (1954).
1782:Tennis: A Cultural History
1547:Hare, Christopher (1907).
1284:
1172:
1050:
948:
573:Treaty of Barcelona (1493)
552:
428:
204:
3065:
3054:
2969:
2918:
2899:
2873:
2835:
2809:
2763:
2738:
2659:
2570:
2466:
2342:
2312:
2257:
2250:Emperor of Constantinople
2240:
2232:
2225:
2210:
2201:
2188:
2181:
2171:
2162:
2154:
2144:
2135:
2127:
2122:
2087:
2053:Pigaillem, Henri (2008).
2017:Fletcher, Stella (1999).
1998:Broomhall, Susan (2004).
1895:Frederic J. Baumgartner,
1708:Europe in the Middle Ages
1695:Europe in the Middle Ages
1658:Europe in the Middle Ages
1645:Europe in the Middle Ages
1352:
1344:
1317:
1296:
1292:
1257:
1236:
1228:
1201:
1180:
1176:
1139:
1118:
1110:
1083:
1062:
1058:
1023:
1002:
994:
967:
952:
449:Mary, Duchess of Burgundy
292:Peter II, Duke of Bourbon
290:jointly with her husband
249:
239:
229:
217:
197:
172:Anne, Duchess of Brittany
165:
144:
140:Château d'Amboise, France
130:
117:
113:
105:Peter II, Duke of Bourbon
96:
86:
76:
62:
54:
40:
28:
23:
2064:Charles VIII (1483-1498)
1569:"Histoire et Événements"
1448:
836:
793:
719:
555:Italian War of 1494–1498
385:Charles was born at the
380:
3212:Medieval child monarchs
3192:Deaths from head injury
2333:List of French monarchs
2089:Charles VIII of France
1076:Louis II, Duke of Anjou
657:, 17 November 1494, by
561:Maximilian I of Austria
527:Publio Fausto Andrelini
455:between France and the
3227:Sport deaths in France
3152:Charles VIII of France
2839:(1814–1815; 1815–1830)
2328:List of Frankish kings
2323:Simplified family tree
2026:Hand, Joni M. (2013).
1769:Mallet & Shaw 2012
1757:Mallet & Shaw 2012
1745:Mallet & Shaw 2012
1720:Mallet & Shaw 2012
1682:Mallet & Shaw 2012
1632:Mallet & Shaw 2012
1620:Mallet & Shaw 2012
1157:Charles VIII of France
844:Charles VIII of France
841:The 1671 English play
806:Charles and Anne had:
803:
763:
711:Ferdinand II of Aragon
661:
589:laid siege to Boulogne
569:Ferdinand II of Aragon
495:
397:. His godparents were
271:
2243:— TITULAR —
2030:. Ashgate Publishing.
985:Charles VII of France
856:The Sultan's Helmsman
801:
742:
652:
608:Ferdinand I of Naples
553:Further information:
489:
429:Further information:
407:Edward of Westminster
35:16th-century portrait
3187:Dauphins of Viennois
2318:Detailed family tree
2099:Cadet branch of the
2062:Gobry, Ivan (2012).
1780:Heiner Gillmeister,
1366:Charlotte of Bourbon
1219:Louis, Duke of Savoy
960:Charles VI of France
761:Kingdom of Jerusalem
575:), and England (the
535:Renaissance humanism
333:Habsburg territories
152:Saint Denis Basilica
3217:People from Amboise
2754:Henry VI of England
2261:Andreas Palaiologos
2236:Andreas Palaiologos
1965:. 25 November 2013.
1501:, pp. 373–374.
1442:Louis III of France
851:depicts his reign.
500:Château de Langeais
492:Château de Langeais
441:Margaret of Austria
411:Henry VI of England
393:by his second wife
369:, from the Orléans
3182:Dauphins of France
2963:Dauphins of France
2901:House of Bonaparte
2811:House of Bonaparte
2741:House of Lancaster
2307:Monarchs of France
2227:Titles in pretence
2215:Title next held by
2193:Title last held by
1275:Charlotte of Savoy
1041:Louis XI of France
1016:Isabeau of Bavaria
804:
787:and married Anne.
764:
662:
659:Francesco Granacci
604:Pope Innocent VIII
496:
462:In 1488, however,
405:, and the teenage
395:Charlotte of Savoy
327:and established a
321:Kingdom of Hungary
314:Holy Roman Emperor
244:Charlotte of Savoy
234:Louis XI of France
3252:Dukes of Brittany
3139:
3138:
2929:
2928:
2890:Louis Philippe II
2813:(1804–1814; 1815)
2275:
2274:
2270:
2269:(claimed by both)
2258:Succeeded by
2245:
2204:Dauphin of France
2172:Succeeded by
2145:Succeeded by
2011:. Greenwod Press.
1437:First Italian War
1411:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1132:Yolande of Aragon
900:and loses; while
690:Pope Alexander VI
666:Swiss mercenaries
620:Pope Alexander VI
612:Kingdom of Naples
577:Treaty of Étaples
504:arranged marriage
457:Duchy of Burgundy
431:French-Breton War
387:Château d'Amboise
363:Château d'Amboise
361:of a door at the
348:Italian Peninsula
340:Neapolitan throne
261:
260:
158:Cléry-Saint-André
124:Château d'Amboise
3264:
3095:Le Petit Dauphin
3087:Le Grand Dauphin
3067:House of Bourbon
3060:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2933:
2932:
2884:Louis Philippe I
2875:House of Orléans
2837:House of Bourbon
2765:House of Bourbon
2301:
2294:
2287:
2278:
2277:
2268:
2241:
2233:Preceded by
2155:Preceded by
2128:Preceded by
2118:
2111:
2102:Capetian dynasty
2085:
2084:
2081:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2012:
2003:
1993:
1984:
1967:
1966:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1799:
1793:
1778:
1772:
1771:, p. 32-33.
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1729:
1723:
1722:, p. 20-21.
1717:
1711:
1706:Robert S. Hoyt,
1704:
1698:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1654:
1648:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1487:
1481:
1462:
1459:
1431:
1429:Biography portal
1426:
1425:
1424:
1250:Mary of Burgundy
1194:Antipope Felix V
942:
941:
933:
932:
892:plays a game of
702:Kingdom of Spain
697:League of Venice
565:Treaty of Senlis
520:Treaty of Senlis
477:Mathias Corvinus
307:Anne of Brittany
257:
208:
191:
189:
185:
137:
33:
21:
20:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3237:1490s in France
3232:1480s in France
3207:House of Valois
3142:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3061:
3052:
3027:Charles Orlando
2971:House of Valois
2965:
2960:
2930:
2925:
2914:
2895:
2869:
2831:
2805:
2759:
2734:
2661:House of Valois
2655:
2566:
2527:Charles the Fat
2486:Pepin the Short
2471:
2462:
2338:
2337:
2308:
2305:
2271:
2267:
2254:
2246:
2238:
2219:Charles Orlando
2216:
2207:
2194:
2177:
2168:
2160:
2150:
2141:
2133:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2097:
2094:House of Valois
2090:
1975:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1936:
1927:
1919:
1915:
1907:
1903:
1894:
1890:
1867:10.2307/3257546
1861:(10): 281–299.
1847:
1843:
1820:10.2307/3257546
1814:(10): 281–299.
1800:
1796:
1779:
1775:
1767:
1763:
1755:
1751:
1743:
1739:
1730:
1726:
1718:
1714:
1705:
1701:
1692:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1655:
1651:
1642:
1638:
1630:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1604:
1602:
1601:on 16 June 2009
1593:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1576:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1545:
1541:
1533:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1509:
1505:
1497:
1490:
1482:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1427:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1412:
1310:Janus of Cyprus
930:
839:
796:
790:
773:House of Valois
757:Jerusalem cross
755:quartered with
722:
644:Étienne de Vesc
624:Ludovico Sforza
557:
551:
481:King of Hungary
433:
427:
383:
375:House of Valois
352:French invasion
202:
201:
193:
181:
177:
174:
161:
155:
149:
139:
135:
122:
50:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3270:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3090:
3082:
3077:
3071:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2959:
2958:
2951:
2944:
2936:
2927:
2926:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2906:
2904:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2886:
2880:
2878:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2848:
2842:
2840:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2822:
2816:
2814:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2770:
2768:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2749:
2747:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2666:
2664:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2577:
2575:
2572:House of Capet
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2493:
2488:
2482:
2480:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2433:Childebert III
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2281:
2273:
2272:
2259:
2256:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2214:
2209:
2200:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2183:French royalty
2179:
2178:
2173:
2170:
2165:King of Naples
2161:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2143:
2138:King of France
2134:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2123:Regnal titles
2120:
2119:
2098:
2091:
2088:
2083:
2082:
2068:
2059:
2050:
2041:
2032:
2023:
2014:
2004:
1995:
1985:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1954:
1942:
1940:, p. 189.
1938:Broomhall 2004
1925:
1923:, p. 163.
1913:
1911:, p. 188.
1909:Broomhall 2004
1901:
1888:
1841:
1794:
1790:978-0718501471
1773:
1761:
1749:
1737:
1724:
1712:
1699:
1686:
1674:
1672:, p. 109.
1670:Pigaillem 2008
1662:
1649:
1636:
1624:
1612:
1586:
1575:on 20 May 2016
1560:
1539:
1537:, p. 211.
1527:
1525:, p. 339.
1515:
1503:
1488:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1335:Anne of Cyprus
1332:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1101:Marie of Anjou
1098:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
993:
990:
989:
987:
982:
979:
978:
975:
974:
972:
969:
968:
966:
963:
962:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
938:
937:
931:
929:
926:
838:
835:
834:
833:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
795:
792:
752:France Ancient
746:France Moderne
721:
718:
616:Marie of Anjou
585:Perkin Warbeck
550:
547:
453:Peace of Arras
426:
423:
382:
379:
329:personal union
296:centralisation
276:King of France
259:
258:
251:
247:
246:
241:
237:
236:
231:
227:
226:
221:
215:
214:
209:
195:
194:
179:
175:
170:
169:
167:
163:
162:
150:
146:
142:
141:
138:(aged 27)
132:
128:
127:
119:
115:
114:
111:
110:
101:Anne of France
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
66:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
44:
42:King of France
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3269:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3247:Sons of kings
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3177:Ancien RĂ©gime
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3059:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2957:
2952:
2950:
2945:
2943:
2938:
2937:
2934:
2923:
2917:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2469:
2465:
2459:
2458:Childeric III
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2423:Theuderic III
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2388:Childebert II
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2302:
2297:
2295:
2290:
2288:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2266:
2262:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2167:
2166:
2159:
2153:
2149:
2140:
2139:
2132:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2109:
2104:
2103:
2096:
2095:
2086:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1976:
1964:
1958:
1951:
1946:
1939:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1922:
1921:Anderson 2014
1917:
1910:
1905:
1898:
1892:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1845:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1770:
1765:
1759:, p. 31.
1758:
1753:
1747:, p. 11.
1746:
1741:
1734:
1728:
1721:
1716:
1709:
1703:
1696:
1690:
1684:, p. 14.
1683:
1678:
1671:
1666:
1659:
1653:
1646:
1640:
1634:, p. 13.
1633:
1628:
1622:, p. 32.
1621:
1616:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1543:
1536:
1531:
1524:
1519:
1513:, p. 24.
1512:
1507:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1486:, p. 76.
1485:
1484:Fletcher 1999
1480:
1478:
1473:
1458:
1454:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1419:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1036:
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944:
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939:
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923:
919:
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910:
905:
903:
899:
898:Cesare Borgia
895:
891:
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883:
882:
876:
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873:Michel Muller
870:
869:
864:
859:
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831:
827:
824:
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731:
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629:
628:Duke of Milan
625:
621:
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594:
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586:
582:
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546:
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540:
539:Mont Aiguille
536:
533:, who spread
532:
528:
523:
521:
517:
511:
509:
505:
501:
493:
488:
484:
482:
478:
474:
473:Frederick III
469:
465:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
432:
422:
420:
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412:
409:, the son of
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
391:King Louis XI
388:
378:
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372:
368:
364:
360:
355:
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349:
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344:René of Anjou
341:
336:
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71:
68:30 May 1484 (
67:
65:
61:
57:
53:
48:
43:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3121:Louis Joseph
3094:
3086:
3022:Charles VIII
3021:
2921:
2910:Napoleon III
2888:
2862:
2855:
2824:
2798:
2752:
2744:
2739:
2700:Charles VIII
2699:
2468:Carolingians
2453:Theuderic IV
2443:Chilperic II
2438:Dagobert III
2418:Childeric II
2413:Chlothar III
2358:Childebert I
2344:Merovingians
2248:
2247:
2242:
2217:
2211:
2202:
2195:
2189:
2175:Ferdinand II
2163:
2158:Ferdinand II
2136:
2117:7 April 1498
2114:
2110:30 June 1470
2107:
2100:
2092:
2076:
2066:. Pygmalion.
2063:
2057:. Pygmalion.
2054:
2045:
2036:
2027:
2021:. Routledge.
2018:
2008:
1999:
1989:
1980:
1957:
1945:
1916:
1904:
1896:
1891:
1858:
1854:
1844:
1811:
1807:
1797:
1781:
1776:
1764:
1752:
1740:
1732:
1731:R. Ritchie,
1727:
1715:
1707:
1702:
1694:
1689:
1677:
1665:
1657:
1652:
1644:
1639:
1627:
1615:
1603:. Retrieved
1599:the original
1589:
1577:. Retrieved
1573:the original
1563:
1549:
1542:
1530:
1518:
1506:
1499:Kendall 1971
1457:
1156:
916:
913:
906:
901:
894:jeu de paume
889:
885:
879:
877:
866:
861:In the 2011
860:
855:
853:
842:
840:
805:
789:
765:
750:
744:
726:jeu de paume
725:
723:
715:
694:
682:
663:
601:
593:siege trains
558:
524:
512:
510:in Amboise.
497:
461:
445:Maximilian I
435:Charles was
434:
384:
371:cadet branch
356:
337:
317:Maximilian I
304:
267:
264:Charles VIII
263:
262:
203:
136:(1498-04-07)
134:7 April 1498
121:30 June 1470
107:
24:Charles VIII
18:
3162:1498 deaths
3157:1470 births
3009:Charles VII
2903:(1852–1870)
2877:(1830–1848)
2846:Louis XVIII
2826:Napoleon II
2767:(1589–1792)
2745:(1422–1453)
2690:Charles VII
2663:(1328–1589)
2537:Charles III
2522:Carloman II
2498:(Charles I)
2496:Charlemagne
2448:Chlothar IV
2403:Sigebert II
2393:Chlothar II
2378:Chilperic I
2368:Charibert I
1579:31 December
868:The Borgias
849:John Crowne
769:Renaissance
730:real tennis
549:Italian War
268:the Affable
108:(1483–1491)
77:Predecessor
3146:Categories
3126:Louis XVII
3075:Louis XIII
3048:Francis II
2984:Charles VI
2820:Napoleon I
2800:Louis XVII
2779:Louis XIII
2725:Charles IX
2720:Francis II
2685:Charles VI
2651:Charles IV
2626:Philip III
2616:Louis VIII
2581:Hugh Capet
2574:(987–1328)
2507:Charles II
2491:Carloman I
2473:Robertians
2398:Dagobert I
2383:Sigebert I
2363:Chlothar I
2255:1494–1498
2208:1470–1483
1950:Gobry 2012
1523:Drees 2000
1469:References
917:Maximilian
685:Savonarola
640:Alfonso II
148:1 May 1498
64:Coronation
3131:Louis XIX
3116:Louis XVI
3080:Louis XIV
2979:Charles V
2857:Louis XIX
2851:Charles X
2794:Louis XVI
2784:Louis XIV
2730:Henry III
2710:Francis I
2705:Louis XII
2680:Charles V
2670:Philip VI
2631:Philip IV
2611:Philip II
2606:Louis VII
2586:Robert II
2517:Louis III
2479:(751–987)
2428:Clovis IV
2408:Clovis II
2346:(509–751)
2265:Louis XII
2148:Louis XII
1897:Louis XII
1875:0026-1521
1828:0026-1521
1710:, p. 619.
1697:, p. 619.
1660:, p. 619.
1605:3 January
1511:Hand 2013
924:in 2018.
777:Louis XII
632:Perpignan
602:In 1489,
597:artillery
581:Henry VII
508:Clos Lucé
437:betrothed
415:Edward IV
367:Louis XII
286:acted as
272:l'Affable
270:(French:
266:, called
250:Signature
91:Louis XII
87:Successor
3106:Louis XV
3043:Henry II
3038:François
3034:François
3018:François
3014:Louis XI
2789:Louis XV
2774:Henry IV
2715:Henry II
2695:Louis XI
2646:Philip V
2621:Louis IX
2601:Louis VI
2596:Philip I
2552:Louis IV
2542:Robert I
2512:Louis II
2477:Bosonids
2353:Clovis I
2131:Louis XI
2074:(1913).
1415:See also
928:Ancestry
863:Showtime
785:annulled
678:Florence
655:Florence
543:Rabelais
425:Marriage
325:Brittany
311:Habsburg
280:Louis XI
126:, France
81:Louis XI
3093:Louis,
3085:Louis,
3031:Charles
2994:Charles
2989:Charles
2922:italics
2864:Henry V
2675:John II
2636:Louis X
2591:Henry I
2562:Louis V
2557:Lothair
2547:Rudolph
2502:Louis I
2373:Guntram
2197:Francis
1973:Sources
1883:3257546
1836:3257546
902:leaving
890:himself
865:series
706:Fornovo
373:of the
300:Mad War
205:more...
192:
180:
176:
160:(heart)
47:more...
2641:John I
2212:Vacant
2190:Vacant
2113:
1881:
1873:
1834:
1826:
1788:
909:Isabel
886:Borgia
881:Borgia
734:lintel
626:, the
447:) and
359:lintel
288:regent
240:Mother
230:Father
224:Valois
186:
166:Spouse
154:(body)
145:Burial
97:Regent
3111:Louis
3101:Louis
2999:Louis
2169:1495
2115:Died:
2108:Born:
1879:JSTOR
1832:JSTOR
1735:, 64.
1449:Notes
922:Starz
896:with
837:Media
794:Issue
720:Death
670:Pavia
595:with
571:(The
563:(the
531:Forlì
529:from
516:dowry
381:Youth
342:that
219:House
199:Issue
190:)
182:(
178:
70:Reims
55:Reign
3004:John
2475:and
1871:ISSN
1824:ISSN
1786:ISBN
1607:2013
1581:2012
1557:–44.
781:Joan
749:and
674:Pisa
468:Anne
419:Anne
284:Anne
188:1491
131:Died
118:Born
103:and
2532:Odo
2263:or
2013:339
1994:211
1863:doi
1816:doi
847:by
3148::
1928:^
1877:.
1869:.
1859:12
1857:.
1853:.
1830:.
1822:.
1812:12
1810:.
1806:.
1555:43
1491:^
1476:^
875:.
858:.
783:,
599:.
545:.
522:.
479:,
377:.
335:.
184:m.
49:)
2955:e
2948:t
2941:v
2924:.
2470:,
2300:e
2293:t
2286:v
1885:.
1865::
1838:.
1818::
1792:)
1609:.
1583:.
728:(
494:.
72:)
45:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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