Chen-style tai chi

5232:(发劲, Send out Strength), and related foundation exercises as a curriculum focused on learning to control one's self and move in a tai chi manner. Push hands was the method to learn how to use the First Form’s movements to control opponents. With these situational control skills, the Second Path (Erlu), could be learned as self-defense with the objective of injuring and disabling an attacker as quickly as possible. For this curriculum, the First Form was repurposed to include fajin and the Second Form added. Training methods also included sparring (散手, sǎn shǒu), fighting technique (拳法, quán fǎ: ) and weapons training. Today, however, Yilu and Erlu are used generally to refer to the First and Second Forms, respectively, and teachers often use Second Path skills to demonstrate martial efficacy while teaching the First Form. 5045:(陈照奎, 1928 – 1981), Chen Fake's only living son, to come and continue their education in the art. When Chen Zhaokui visited Chen Village to assist and later succeed Chen Zhaopei in training a new generation of practitioners, (e.g. the "Four Jingang," aka the "Four Tigers": Chen Xiaowang (陈小旺), Chen Zhenglei, Wang Xi'an (王西安), and Zhu Tiancai (朱天才)), he taught Chen Fake's practice methods that were unfamiliar to them. He made three separate visits, totaling under two years. Zhu Tian Cai, who was a young man at the time, claimed that they all started calling it "Xinjia" (New Frame) because it seemed adapted from the teachings they had previously learned from Chen Zhaopei, which they called “Laojia” (Old Frame). 4790:

to patterns. At an intermediate level, you may change patterns. Then finally, patterns are driven by spirit.” Over time and distance within the Chen style, these interpretations have given rise to subdivisions. Each variation is influenced by its own history and the training insights of master teachers. The current subdivisions include historical training methods from Chen Village, forms derived from the lineage of Chen Fake (commonly known as Big or Large Frame, including Old Frame and New Frame), Chen family Small Frame attributed to teachings within the Chen village, training methods from Chen Fake's students, and closely related traditions like

4981:. Chen Qingping, Wu Yuxiang's Chen-style teacher, is associated with the Zhaobao style which includes large and small frame training, and this also suggested a small frame lineage. To simplify matters for new students, the Chen Family divided their tai chi into Large Frame, originating from Chen Fake, and Small Frame, associated with Chen Ziming. Large Frame may be further divided: Old Frame (老架, Lǎo jia) taught in the Chen Village by Chen Zhaopei and New Frame (新架, Xīn jià) taught in the Chen Village by Chen Zhaokui. Both teachers of Large Frame were students of Chen Fake. 5060:(push hands) and martial application methods over a series of visits. Chen Zhaokui's teaching of the Xinjia was explicitly practiced with the purpose of developing tangible and effective martial arts methods based on spiral energy usage, fajin (energy release) and qinna (joint locking) movements. The stances in Xinjia tend to be more compact with the goal of training for better mobility in fighting applications, while they still remain quite low. This includes more dynamic, springing and jumping movements. This form tends to emphasize manipulation, seizing and grappling ( 42: 4956:

a hallmark of the Yilu form. (练习时，要求意、气、身密切配合，外形走弧线，内劲走螺旋，缠绕圆转，外柔内刚。) Training application on this path is through the method of push hands. Push hands, a partner exercise, is commonly used to apply the principles learned in Yilu training. Push hands involves controlling an opponent through yielding, attaching, redirecting, manipulating, grappling, breaking structure, and other skills. Originally focused on refining the usage of tai chi, push hands has evolved over time into a competitive sport that is somewhat disconnected from its martial roots.

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by section and closely synchronising the actions of the upper and lower body....The Old and New Frames should not be viewed as different entities because both are foundation forms. If you look beyond the superficial differences, the Old Frame and New Frame are the same style, sharing the same origin and guiding principles. In Chen Village, people have the advantage of knowing both the first routines." However, because of common fundamentals and training methods, either frame, Laojia or Xinjia, can each be trained as a complete curriculum.

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emphasized using the body to guide the hands (以身领手, yǐ shēn lǐng shǒu), Erlu shifts the emphasis to using the hands to lead the body (以手领身, yǐ shǒu lǐng shēn). In terms of appearance, the Erlu form is often executed at a faster pace and is characterized by more explosive movements compared to Yilu. The intent of Erlu is focused on self-defense, with each posture training the practitioner for strikes or breaks rather than grappling. The techniques in Erlu employ smaller and tighter circles to generate power.

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Chen family can truly consider themselves practitioners of Chen Family tai chi. All other practitioners of Chen-style tai chi are regarded as Chen stylists (陈式) as long as they adhere to the unique principles of Chen style. There are several closely related Chen traditions that are recognized, including the Chen tai chi Beijing Branch, which continues the training of Chen Fake, Xinyi Hunyuan tai chi by Feng Zhiqiang, the Practical Method of Hong Junsheng, Zhaobao tai chi, and modern synthetic forms.

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and others, embody distinct lineages and training approaches. From the dedication of Chen Zhaopei in preserving the art to Chen Zhaokui's introduction of innovative practices in New Frame, the evolution of Chen-style tai chi continues. The Small Frame gaining international recognition, shares similarities with teachings by Chen Xin and Chen Ziming. Despite their differences, these frames share common origins and principles, making them integral to the Chen-style tai chi system.

172: 4794:. In the past, the effectiveness of training methods was determined through actual combat, but such tests of skill are less common in the modern era. With no recognized central authorities for tai chi, authenticity is often determined through anecdotal stories or appeals to historical lineage. However, the Chen style practitioner upholds a more stringent requirement, focusing on the underlying principles rather than external appearances. 935:, the policy of repression of traditional Chinese culture was reversed. Under this new climate, Chen-style tai chi was once again allowed to be practiced openly. Through a series of government-sponsored meetings and various provincial and national tournaments, Chen-style tai chi regained its reputation as an important branch of Chinese martial arts. In addition, those meetings created a new generation of Chen-style teachers. 5244:

instructions were passed from Chen Fake to illuminate theoretical principles, such as: Lead inward with the elbow do not lead inward with the hand; Go out with the hand do not go out with the elbow. (收肘不收手，出手不出, Shōu zhǒu bù shōu shǒu, chū shǒu bù chū zhǒu.); Only rotate don't move. (只转不动, Zhǐ zhuǎn bù dòng); Better to advance one hair than to retreat one foot. (宁进一毫，不退一尺, Níng jìn yī háo, bù tuì yī chǐ); and many others.

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and range of motion employed in the forms. For example, in the Large Frame (大架, Dà jià ), the standard horse stance is at least two and a half shoulder widths wide, and the hand techniques appear large and expansive. On the other hand, the Small Frame (小架, Xiǎo jià), the standard horse stance is two shoulders width wide and the hand techniques are perceived as generally shorter and more compact.

5179:"Hun Yuan" refers to the strong emphasis on circular, "orbital" or spiraling internal principles at the heart of this evolved Chen tradition. While such principles already exist in mainstream Chen-style, the Hun Yuan tradition develops the theme further. Its teaching system pays attention to spiraling techniques in both body and limbs, and how they may be harmoniously coordinated together. 928:", which included the practice of martial arts. Training facilities were closed and practitioners were prosecuted. Many Chen masters were publicly denounced. For example, Chen Zhaopei was pushed to the point of attempting suicide, and Hong Junsheng was left malnourished. Training was continued in secret and at great personal risk ensuring the continuation of the tradition. 5470: 889:, one of the first modern Chinese martial art historians, to visit and document the martial lineage in Chen Village in 1930 with Chen Ziming. During the course of his research, he consulted with a manuscript written by 16th generation family member Chen Xin (陳鑫; Ch'en Hsin; 1849–1929) detailing Chen Xin's understanding of the Chen Village heritage. Chen Xin's nephew, 5022: 672:. He codified pre-existing Chen training practice into a corpus of seven routines. This included five routines of 108 form Long Fist (一百零八勢長拳) and a more rigorous routine known as Cannon Fist (炮捶一路). Chen Wangting integrated different elements of Chinese philosophy into the martial arts training to create a new approach that we now recognize as the 5354:

start learning old frame (75 movements). This proves all the more true at workshops given by visiting grandmasters. Consequently, shortened versions of the traditional forms have been developed even by the "Four Buddha’s warriors." Beginners can choose from postures of 38 (synthesized from both lao and xin jia by Chen Xiaowang), 19 (1995

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father was Chen Zhongshen and Chen Xin's uncle, Chen Jishen were twins. In that 7th generation Chen family, Chen Zhongshen, Chen Jishen, Chen Gengyun (陈耕耘, the son of Chen Chanxing), Yang Luchan (杨露禅, founder of Yang Style) and Chen Qingping (陈清萍, promoter of Zhaobao style tai chi) were all martial artists with exceptional abilities.

5143:, and they considered the 1st generation as Chen Fake (17th generation member of Chen clan and 9th generation Grandmaster of Chen-style tai chi). This means that the Beijing disciples of Chen Fake continued the Chen-style tai chi master-lineage (10th, 11th, 12th, 13th generation, etc...), but some also start counting from Chen Fake. 4922:

locked or pressed against each other). In terms of weapons, the Chen clan writings described a variety of weapons training including: spear, staff, swords, halberd, mace, and sickles, but the manuals specifically described training for spear (枪, qiāng), staff (棍, gùn), broadsword (saber)(刀, dāo), and straight sword (剑, jiàn).

4773:(Chinese: 套路, tàolù: routine, pattern, standard method), play a fundamental role in Chen-style tai chi as choreographed sequences of movements that serve as repositories for various methods, techniques, stances, and types of energy and force production. Within the Chen-style tai chi tradition, there are at least two forms: 1056:

his cousin, Chen Yanxi (陈延熙, father of Chen Fake) were considered masters of the Chen style. Chen Xin's legacy is his book and his student, Chen Ziming (陈子明). Chen Ziming, went on to promote Chen style small frame throughout China and wrote books promoting the art. Chen Ziming was in the same generation as Chen Fake.

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minds, bodies, and internal energy in accordance with tai chi principles. Chen-style practitioners describe the Yilu form as having large and stretching movements, brisk and steady footwork, a naturally straight body, and the integration of internal energy throughout the entire body. (拳架舒展大方，步法轻灵稳健，身法中正自然，内劲统领全身。)

5327:, who moved and taught there. Some Zhaobao lineages include Chen Qingping. So, Zhaobao tai chi shares many stylistic similarities with Chen-style tai chi, particularly Xiaojia, because it was influenced by Chen Family stylists. His disciples, such as He Zhaoyuan and Wu Yuxiang, promoted this unique style. 875:(now known as Beijing). Their Chen-style practice was initially perceived as radically different from other prevalent martial art schools (including established tai chi traditions) of the time. Chen Fake proved the effectiveness of Chen-style tai chi through various private challenges and even a series of 5072:

Chen Xiaoxing also emphasized that "the fundamental principles of the two frames, (Laojia and Xinjia), are the same with regards to postural requirements and movement principles. Both require the practitioner to exhibit movements that are continuous, round and pliant, connecting all movements section

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Although the frames share more similarities than differences, the variations provide valuable insights. Despite the existence of clear lineage charts, many students are known to have trained with multiple teachers, often without strict adherence to a single lineage. For instance, Chen Zhaopei studied

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Within the Chen Family, there are currently three main variants, or frames, of Chen-style forms that are practiced today. Each frame represents a distinct perspective within the Chen-style tai chi tradition. The concept of frames (架, jià, frame, rack, framework) refers to the general width of stances

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Erlu, the Second Path, typically comes after a student has achieved proficiency in Yilu. Erlu training concentrates on expressing the internal skills cultivated during Yilu practice. The applications in Erlu incorporate more striking, jumping, lunging, and athletically demanding movements. While Yilu

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The two paths represent the two main forms used in any Chen-style tai chi training. The main variants in training with direct connection to Chen Village are: Large Frame (Old Frame and New Frame) and Small Frame. These frames developed and passed down by key figures such as Chen Zhaopei, Chen Zhaokui

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Within the Chen-style tai chi umbrella, there are various teaching traditions, and their practices may often vary somewhat from one another - often due to differences in how they cultivated their skill throughout their decades of practice. Chen Ziming wrote, "In the beginning of the training, conform

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In the Practical Method, there are 81 moves in the First Form and 64 moves in the Second Form, which may be joined together, not repeating the joining move, for a form of 144 moves. The sequence and names of the movements are similar to Xinjia and Beijing forms. The Second Form was reduced by naming

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action is within the body. The limbs are the last place the motion occurs. Stances seem smaller because the feet do not turn outward in order to maintain a rounded crotch, the front hip is allowed to fold, and the pelvis is not forced forward. The palms must stay below the eyebrows and may not cross

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The Yilu form requires the practitioner to closely coordinate their mind, intent, internal energy, and body. Externally, the form's movements follow an arc, while internally, the energy flows in a spiral pattern. This interplay between soft external actions and corresponding hard internal actions is

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The Yilu form initiates students into the fundamental principles of tai chi. It emphasizes essential aspects such as footwork, stances, and overall movement. Internal development, including silk reeling training, is also a key focus. The Yilu form aims to teach practitioners how to synchronize their

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The term 'historical forms' refers to training methods described in traditional boxing manuals from Chen Village, as well as through oral recollections and verbal histories. Although efforts have been made to find and recover them, most of these forms are considered lost and are no longer practiced.

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Chen Xin initially trained with his father but his father ordered him to study literature rather than the martial arts. It was only later that he decided to use his literature skills to describe his understanding of the secrets of Chen style. In Chen Xin's generation, his older brother, Chen Yao and

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Because of his location in Beijing, Chen Yu (19th generation member of Chen clan and 11th generation master of Chen-style tai chi and 3rd generation master of Beijing Chen-style tai chi), Chen Zhaokui's son (Chen Fake's grandson), is often counted among the Beijing Branch, however he is a member of

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After Chen Fake’s death, his students began passing on what they had learned to their own students. These teachers and their students collectively are referred to as the Beijing Branch. The Beijing forms are counted similarly to those called Xinjia (New Frame, 新架) by Chen Zhaokui's students in Chen

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In Xiaojia, there are 78 moves in the First Form and 50 moves in the Second Form. And, some lineages teach additional forms that may date back to Chen Wangting's original system. Xiaojia is known mainly for encouraging students to seek to internalize spiral movements while practicing the form. Most

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The name, nature, and teachings of this Chen subdivision have been a source of confusion for nearly a century. Chen Ziming, in describing the lineage of his art from Chen Wangting to himself, mentioned changes in the Chen Village that led to the division of the art into "old frame" (laojia) of Chen

5053:(chest and waist layered folding) is the coordinated opening and closing of back and chest along with a type of rippling wave (folding) running vertically up and down the dantian/waist area, connected to twisting of the waist/torso. Rotations of the waist and dantian become more apparent in Xinjia. 5048:

In Xinjia, there are 83 moves counted in the First Form and 71 moves in Second Form. Chen Xiaoxing, Chen Xiaowang’s brother and a student of Chen Zhaokui, said the primary differences between the Xinjia and Laojia are the small circles, which highlight the turning of the wrists and make visible the

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In recent decades Chen-style tai chi has come to be recognized as a major style of martial art within China and around the world. A strong Chen tradition have developed in countries such as the US, Canada, Britain, Austria, New Zealand, Germany, Italy, Czech Republic, Japan, Singapore and Malaysia.

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competition. A prominent example is the 56 Chen Competition form (Developed by professor Kan Gui Xiang of the Beijing Institute of Sport under the auspice of the Chinese National Wushu Association. It is composed based on the lao jia routines (classical sets), and to a much lesser extent the 48/42

5224:

Hong appended the term, "Practical Method" (实用拳法, shí yòng quán fǎ), to his teaching method to emphasize the martial aspects of his study and training, as well as the harmonized training syllabus joining gōng (功) and fǎ (法) aspects of training within the Yilu (first road). Some started calling the

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Chen Xin (1849-1929), 8th generation Chen family member, provided one of the most important written description of the Chen style. He was the grandson of Chen Youshen (陈有恒), 6th generation Chen family member. Chen Youshen was the brother of Chen Youben (陈有本), the creator of Small Frame. Chen Xin's

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For nearly thirty years, until his death in 1958, Chen Fake diligently taught the art of Chen-style tai chi to a select group of students. As a result, a strong Beijing Chen-style tradition centered around his "New Frame" variant of Chen Village "Old Frame" survived after his death. His legacy was

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mountain who came to Chen village. He is said to have helped transform the Chen family art with Chen Wangting by emphasizing internal fighting practices. However, there are significant difficulties with this explanation, as it is no longer clear if their relationship was that of teacher/student or

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Chen-style Xinyi Hunyuan tai chi (陈式心意混元太极拳), called Hunyuan tai chi for short, was created by Feng Zhiqiang (冯志强; 1928-2012; 10th generation master of Chen-style tai chi and 2nd generation master of Beijing Chen-style tai chi), one of Chen Fake's senior students and a student of Hu Yaozhen (胡耀貞;

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Important for the diffusion of this style was Tian Xiuchen (田秀臣; 1917–1984; 10th generation master of Chen-style tai chi and 2nd generation master of Beijing Chen-style tai chi), the disciple that learned Chen style with Chen Fake for the longest continuous time. He introduced tai chi teaching in

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Since the popularization of Chen-style tai chi by Chen Fake and the discovery of the rich martial heritage of Chen Village, there have been numerous training methods claiming to be part of Chen-style tai chi. According to Hong Junsheng, a close student of Chen Fake, only direct descendants of the

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As practitioners delve into the different frames and forms within Chen-style tai chi, they strive to honor and embody the profound principles handed down through the Chen Family's tai chi legacy. While uncertainties may exist due to the lack of written sources and the reliance on oral traditions,

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In the last ten years or so even respected grandmasters of traditional styles have begun to accommodate this contemporary trend towards shortened forms that take less time to learn and perform. Beginners in large cities don't always have the time, space or the concentration needed to immediately

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Zhaobao Village (Zhaopucun 赵堡村) lies about 2 miles (3 km) to the northeast of Chen Village. Since the village was a local trade center and not settled by a single family, Zhaobao tai chi is a true village martial art, and the style was passed master to disciples among the villagers. Village

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is learned according to the rules (规矩, gui ju)." In this regard, theoretically, the Practical Method aligns closely with the writings of Chen Xin and, hence, Xiaojia, except that one foot is allowed to turn outward 45° so that both hips (kua, 胯) may stay open to round the crotch. Pragmatic oral

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The classification of all tai chi styles into "frames" based on the size of stance and other criteria was introduced by Tang Hao in the late 1930s and became common practice by the 1950s. Chen Fake's Chen-style tai chi was classified as Large Frame, while Wu Yuxiang's Wu (Hao)-style tai chi was

4921:

Push hands as a means of training was not mentioned in the Chen historical manuals, rather it was described as a form of pair training. From a military perspective, empty-hand training was a foundation for weapons training and push hands training was a method to prevail in the bind (two weapons

4963:

It is worth noting that while the Cannon Fist form is widely taught in various traditions, very few teach the self-defense skills associated with Erlu due to their inherent dangers. Even when taught, Erlu self-defense techniques are typically reserved for a select few trusted students. In some

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Most of these forms were not commonly practiced after the time of Chen Changxing (陳長興, 1771–1853) and Chen Youben (陳有本, 1780–1858) of the 14th generation. Around that time, the curriculum was streamlined into two forms representing the two paths of curricula, the Yilu, the First Path, or Road,

5193:

The Hunyuan tradition is internationally well organized and managed by Feng's daughters and his long-time disciples. Systematic and comprehensive theory/practice international teaching conventions are held yearly. Internally trained instructors teach tai chi for health benefits with many also

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In 1958, Chen Zhaopei (陈照丕, 1893-1972), nephew of Chen Fake, returned to visit Chen Village. There, he found that war, hardship, and migration had reduced Chen Style practitioners still teaching in the Village to a couple of aging teachers with a handful of students. He immediately took early

5330:

Zhaobao tai chi is village style rather than one of the tai chi "family" styles, and it does not originate through the teaching interaction of Chen Changxing with Yang Luchan as do other styles of tai chi. Despite the similarities in appearance to Chen tai chi, this style has its own theory,

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The start of the internationalisation of Chen-style can be traced to 1981. A tai chi association from Japan went on a promotional tour to the Chen village. The success of this trip created interest in Chen-style tai chi both nationally and internationally. Soon tai chi enthusiasts from other

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Wangting and "new frame" (xinjia) that he learned. This was the first published reference dividing Chen-style tai chi into frames. Chen Xin's book did not mention frames since there was little or no formal distinction between lineages or branches of teaching methods within the Chen Village.

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The story of Chen-style tai chi is rich and complex. The lineage tree is a concise summary and highlights some of the important personalities that contributed to its history. However, there are some missing details that can provide insight to the current understanding of this art.

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for the execution of martial techniques, but in contrast to some tai chi styles and teachers includes the cultivation of fa jing skill. Chen family member Chen Zhenglei has commented that between the new and old frame traditions there are 105 basic fajin methods and 72 basic

942:

In 1983, martial artists from the Chen village received full government support to promote Chen-style tai chi abroad. Some of the best Chen stylists became international "roaming ambassadors" known as the "Four Buddha Warrior Attendants". Those four Chen stylists including

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It is not clear how the Chen family actually came to practise their unique martial style and contradictory "histories" abound. What is known is that the other four tai chi styles (Yang, Sun, Wu and Wu (Hao)) trace their teachings back to Chen village in the early 1800s.

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with his father Chen Dengke, his father's uncle Chen Yanxi, and Yanxi's son Chen Fake, all of whom are now considered practitioners of the Large Frame. However, Chen Zhaopei also studied theory with Chen Xin, who is now recognized as a Small Frame practitioner.

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countries started their pilgrimage to Chen village. The increasing interest led all levels of the Chinese governments to improve the infrastructure and support of the village including the establishment of martial art schools, hotels and tourist associations.

4906:

The first five sets were a curriculum known as the five routines of tai chi (太極拳五路). The 108-form Long Fist (Boxing) (一百零八勢長拳, Yībǎi líng bā shì zhǎngquán) and a form known as Cannon Fist (Pounding) (炮捶, Pào chuí) were considered to be a separate curriculum.

4939:

Today, the two-path curriculum, originally developed by Chen Changxing, a master of the 14th generation, serves as the foundation for training in all branches of Chen-style tai chi. Each path is typically associated with a specific form: the First Form

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practitioners endeavor to interpret each subdivision. The Chen Family's tai chi legacy continues to captivate practitioners, as they aspire to unlock the essence of Chen-style tai chi and integrate its profound principles into their dedicated practice.

5255:(逆缠, opposing coiling) were used to describe silk-reeling rotations and inward and outward arcs and circles of the extremities. This worked well for describing the longitudinal rotations of the arms and legs, but arcs and circles would often have both 5461:, designed to help students maintain the correct body structure when faced with resistance. There are five methods of push hands that students learn before they can move on to a more free-style push hands structure, which begins to resemble sparring. 665:'Chen Family Creek'). According to Chen Village family history, Chen Bu was a skilled martial artist who started the martial arts tradition within Chen Village. For generations onwards, the Chen Village was known for their martial arts. 4785:

does not have one technique which is useless. Everything was carefully designed for a purpose' ('这套拳没有一个动作是空的, 都是有用的'). A correct Chen-style tai chi form is grounded in the same fundamental principles, transcending mere external appearances.

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fewer, but not deleting, moves. However, the manifested small circles and turning of the wrists characteristic of Xinjia are reduced to spirals and helices and internalized. This gives the Practical Method forms more of the look of Laojia.

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and, to a lesser degree, martial movements), the styles studied by Feng Zhiqiang at different times. Outwardly, it appears similar to the New Frame Chen forms and teaches beginners/seniors a 24 open-fist form as well as a 24 Qigong system.

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In a sense, shorter and well composed sets of forms are modernizing tai chi to suit modern needs and lifestyle. As well as that some composers incorporated up to day medical knowledge to improve tai chi's efficacy for health and wellness.

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Traditionally, tai chi is practiced as a martial art but has expanded into other domains of practice such as health or performances. Some argue that Chen-style tai chi has preserved and emphasized the martial efficacy to a greater extent.

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Grandmaster Feng in his late years rarely taught publicly but devoted his energies to training Hun Yuan instructors and an inner core of nine "disciples" that included Cao Zhilin, Chen Xiang, Pan Houcheng, Wang Fengming and Zhang Xuexin.

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movements to help beginners more easily learn the internal principles in form and to make application more obvious in relation to the Old Frame forms. The New Frame Cannon Fist is generally performed faster than other empty hand forms.

4806:

The fundamental principles of Chen-style tai chi find their roots in various poems, stories from Chen Village, and the teachings of Chen Fake. These principles, which encapsulate the essence of the art, can be summarized as follows:

901:), Han Zibu (president of Henan Archives Bureau), Wang Zemin, Bai Yusheng of Kaiming Publishing House, Guan Baiyi (director of Henan Provincial Museum) and Zhang Jiamou helped publish Chen Xin's work posthumously. The book entitled 5109:

Despite its growing international recognition, authentic Xiaojia instructors are still rare, especially internationally. However, this is beginning to change, and there is a growing body of online and video material available.

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designates several lineages and traditions rather than a single one. Also, tai chi forms from other nearby villages get grouped with Zhaobao, such as Huleijia (Sudden thunder frame), even though they are not directly related.

5735:"The Origins and Development of Taijiquan (tr. from "Chen Family Taijiquan - Ancient and Present" published by CPPCC (the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference) Culture and History Committee of Wen County, 1992)" 825:

throughout the Qing empire. Few people knew that Yang Luchan first learned his martial arts from Chen Changxing in the Chen Village. Fewer people still visited the Chen village to improve their understanding of tai chi. Only

728:, a 14th-generation Chen Village martial artist, synthesized Chen Wangting's open fist training corpus into two routines that came to be known as "Old Frame" (老架; lao jia). Those two routines are named individually as the 5081:

The Small Frame (小架, Xiǎo jià) is the most recent subdivision of the Chen Family martial art to gain international recognition. It closely resembles both the 66-movement form described in Chen Xin's (陈鑫, 1849-1929) book

4945: 5159:", since Chen Yu rebuts the idea that either his father or grandfather (i.e. Chen Fake) ever called their style "Xinjia" or believed that what they practiced was newer than other branches of Chen-style tai chi. 5225:

system Hong-style tai chi, but Hong Junsheng objected to this designation. He claimed he was not the creator of anything. Everything he taught was Chen-style tai chi as taught to him by his teacher, Chen Fake.

4781:(Second Form). These forms represent the embodiment of the intricate theories unique to the Chen style. In the words of Chen Fake, the last great proponent of the Chen style in the modern era, 'This set of 6438: 5315:

The villages proximity allowed residents of the Chen Village to intermarry or move to Zhaobao, so there has been an influence from Chen tai chi for centuries. Several Zhaobao lineages trace their roots to

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matches. Within a short time, the Beijing martial arts community was convinced of the effectiveness of Chen-style tai chi and a large group of martial enthusiasts started to train and publicly promote it.

5488:

aspect of tai chi is the best test of a student's skill and knowledge of the tai chi principles that provide health benefit. In compliance with this principle, all Chen forms retain some degree of overt

732:(Yilu; 一路) and the Second Form (Erlu; 二路, more commonly known as the Cannon Fist 炮捶). Chen Changxing, contrary to Chen family tradition, also took the first recorded non-family member as a disciple, 898: 4744:

or semi-legendary figures in the lineage; while their involvement in the lineage is accepted by most of the major schools, it is not independently verifiable from known historical records.

5358:), 18 (Chen Zhenglei) and 13 (1997 Zhu Tiancai). There is even a 4-step routine (repeated 4 times in a circular progression, returning to start) useful for confined spaces (Zhu Tiancai). 655:'Sunshine village') and grew to include a large number of Chen descendants. Because of the three deep ravines beside the village it came to be known as Chen Jia Gou (Chinese: 5472: 841:

The current availability and popularity of Chen-style tai chi is reflective of the radical changes that occurred within Chinese society during the 20th century. In the decline of the

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Chinese universities. The lineage of this branch continued with masters Tian Qiutian, Tian Qiumao and Tian Qiuxin (11th generation Chen style and 3rd generation Beijing Chen Style).

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Han Kuiyuan (韩奎元; 1948-), who is another recognized disciple of Feng Zhiqiang (and formerly Tian Xiuchen), has been teaching Chen style Xinyi Hunyuan tai chi in Hungary since 1997.

4733:

Although many styles were passed down to respective descendants of the same family, the lineage focused on is that of the Chen style & not necessarily that of the family.

746:, also of the 14th Chen generation, is credited with starting another Chen training tradition. This system also based on two routines is known as "Small Frame" (Chinese: 2356: 932: 838:. This situation changed with the fall of the Qing empire when Chinese society sought to discover and improve their understanding of traditional philosophies and methods. 4994:

retirement and returned to the hardships of village life in order to ensure the survival of his family martial art. His teachings are known today as Laojia (Old Frame).

1904: 4147: 958: 5307:

martial arts developed as skills could be brought to a village. There they were merged with prior knowledge and evolved and were taught primarily for common defense.

5450:

Other methods of training for Chen-style using training aids including pole/spear shaking exercises, which teach a practitioner how to extend their silk reeling and

5331:

philosophy, and long history. It is truly a different "style" of tai chi. Some consider it to be a distinct and separate traditional Chinese martial art altogether.

3459: 5217:, who became a disciple in 1930 and studied daily through 1944 when Hong moved to his ancestral home in Jinan, Shandong. Hong continued to practice and returned to 5190:

The training syllabus also includes 35 Chen Silk-Reeling and condensed 38 and 48 open-fist forms in addition to Chen Fake's (modified) Big Frame forms (83 and 71).

5106:

the center line of the torso. The body is constrained from shifting left and right horizontally except when stepping. Fajin may be expressed, but it is more calm.

5139:). Because of this distinction, Chen Fake's disciples in Beijing decided to name their master's style "Beijing Chen Style" to differentiate it from Chen Village 5508:(contracting power) through the physical postures of Chen forms. The particulars of exterior technique may vary between teachers and forms. In common with all 4726:

This lineage tree is not comprehensive, but depicts those considered the 'gate-keepers' & most recognised individuals in each generation of Chen-style.

1080: 5298:

is International Standard bearer of Chen-style tai chi Practical Method. The Chen Style tai chi Practical Method is taught by teachers around the world.

5001:, there are 74 moves in the First Form and 44 moves in the Second Form. Chen Zhaopei recorded photographs of his First Form with instructions in a book, 5086:(陳氏太極拳圖說, Chén shì tàijí quán túshuō) published posthumously in 1933 and the photographed form of his student, Chen Ziming (陳子明, d.:1951), in his book 951:, Wang Xian (王西安) and Zhu Tiancai (朱天才) traveled relentlessly giving global workshops and creating an international group of Chen-style practitioners. 5194:

teaching Chen martial-art applications. Feng's specially trained "disciple instructors" teach Chen internal martial art skills of the highest level.

5496:

In martial application, Chen-style tai chi uses a wide variety of techniques applied with all the extremities that revolve around the use of the

4334: 2179: 2150: 1855: 1714: 976: 890: 5042: 4941: 3646: 3474: 2491: 2328: 2311: 2139: 1866: 1747: 1021: 982: 970: 894: 857: 552: 5320:(1574-1655), who lived with Chen Wangting. They claim that Jiang Fa moved to Zhaobao Village and taught tai chi there for a number of years. 4362: 3676: 3663: 2750: 1725: 1703: 5064:) and a tight method of spiral winding for both long and shorter range striking. Zhu Tian Cai has commented that the Xinjia emphasizes the 2128: 1877: 1736: 1692: 1541: 1514: 756:). Small Frame system of training eventually lead to the formation of two other styles of tai chi that show strong Chen family influences, 4914:

In order to preserve it, Chen Xin (1849-1929) recorded the 66-movement Thirteen Postures (十三势) form as it was passed to him in his book,

4911:

trained by the Thirteen Movements (十三势, Shísān shì) form, and the Erlu, the Second Path, trained by the Cannon Fist (炮捶, Pào chuí) form.

964: 5317: 5291: 5247:

One innovation by Hong Junsheng for teaching movement in the form was the nomenclature, "positive" and "negative" circles. Previously,

1381: 794: 5221:. Modifications to the original forms taught by Chen Fake to Hong and later used in the Practical Method were made during this visit. 5176:, learned in his youth. Feng, who died on 5 May 2012, was widely considered the foremost living martial artist of the Chen tradition. 4769: 5131:

When Chen Zhaokui (Chen Fake' son) returned to Chen Village, he taught Chen Fake's form. The unfamiliar teachings became coined as "

708:. In addition, Wangting incorporated the boxing theories from sixteen different martial art styles as described in the classic text 1073: 5350:

Combined Competition form (1976/1989 by the Chinese Sports Committee developed from Chen and three other traditional styles).

5345:

Similar to other family styles of tai chi, Chen-style has had its frame adapted by competitors to fit within the framework of

997:

Cheng Jincai (程進才; disciple of Chen Zhaokui; The founder of International Chen Style Tai Chi Development Center, Houston, TX),

6480: 6372: 6323: 5839: 5805: 5771: 5717: 5685: 5651: 5621: 5596: 17: 6950: 6570: 5151:

the Chen Family. He studied under his father's supervision starting at seven years old. Oftentimes, his style is called "

1066: 5168:

1897-1973). It is much like the traditional forms of the Beijing branches of Chen-style tai chi with an influence from

545: 6815:"Chenyu (19th generation member of Chen clan and 11th generation master of Chen-style taijiquan) 'Chen Style Tai Chi'" 6523:

Huang, Wenshu (June 15, 1936). "The Skills & Essentials of Yang Style Taiji Boxing and Martial Arts Discussion".

5135:" (New Frame), because they seemed adapted from the earlier frame they had learned, which they then called Old Frame ( 6921: 6692: 6448: 5552: 5013:

is considered the foundation form. Because it is steady, fluid, and readily comprehended, it is always taught first.

637:. In the 13th or 14th century, later documents claim that the head of the Chen family, Chen Bu (陳仆; 陈卜), migrated to 5263:

rotations within them. Hong found it confusing to students to describe complete revolutions. A Positive (formerly

5484:

The vast majority of Chen stylists believe that tai chi is first and foremost a martial art; that a study of the

5218: 4978: 924:(1966–1976) resulted in a period of Chen-style tai chi decline. Radical students led a campaign to suppress the " 985:(陳沛山) and Chen Peiju (陳沛匊) have been influential in promoting the less-known Chen Village Small Frame tradition 181: 988:

Tian Jianhua (田剑华; the last living student of Chen Fake, younger brother of Tian Xiuchen, teaching in Beijing)

5228:

Hong taught, in traditional Chen-style tai chi, the First Path (Yilu) used the First Form, without explosive

4964:

training traditions today, both forms may be employed to train practitioners in each path of the curriculum.

846: 573: 538: 4948:), sometimes referred to as Cannon Fist (炮捶, Pào Chuí). These paths follow distinct approaches to training. 5568: 853:, Chen-style tai chi underwent a period of re-discovery, popularization, and finally internationalization. 850: 187: 4764: 699: 5646:. Berkeley, Calif.: North Atlantic Books : Distributed to the book trade by Publishers Group West. 994:

Han Kuiyuan (韩奎元; 1948-), disciple of both Tian Xiuchen and Feng Zhiqiang. He is teaching in Hungary.

5893: 668:

The special nature of tai chi practice was attributed to the ninth generation Chen Village leader,

702:. Those theories are encountered in Classical Chinese Medicine and described in such texts as the 6940: 6736: 6411: 5915: 4998: 729: 514: 504: 5128:

Village. They are attributed to Chen Fake, and some regard him as the originator of the branch.

5287:) at the bottom. This terminology has been adopted by teachers of many styles of martial arts. 5041:

and later after Chen Zhaopei's death in 1972, tai chi practitioners in Chen Village petitioned

4700: 2740: 831: 774:'thunder frame'). However, these are not considered a part of the Chen family lineage. 736:, who went on to popularize the art throughout China, but as his own family tradition known as 123: 6198: 6059: 5829: 5340: 673: 358: 6652: 6362: 4872:, a ninth generation Chen Village leader, was credited with the creation of seven routines: 5431:

Before teaching the forms, the instructor may have the students do stance training such as

4899:

Weapon forms including the broadsword, the sword, the staff and the hook (器械刀, 枪, 棍, 钩等多种)

1017: 428: 163: 5734: 8: 6626: 5388: 5323:

Several other notable Chen Family members also lived in Zhaobao. The best documented was

5038: 921: 6033: 6768: 5866: 5562: 4673: 2523: 1026: 862: 822: 737: 118: 4896:

The Cannon Fist with 71 forms now commonly known as the Second Form, Erlu (炮捶俗称二路71式)

6917: 6688: 6476: 6444: 6368: 6319: 5988: 5835: 5801: 5767: 5713: 5681: 5647: 5617: 5592: 5548: 5457:

In addition to the solo exercises listed above, there are partner exercises known as

5182:

Specifically, the style synthesizes Chen-style tai chi, Xinyi, and Tongbeiquan (both

4691: 3219: 638: 481: 282: 6814: 6544: 5589:

Lost T'ai-chi Classics from the Late Ch'ing Dynasty (Chinese Philosophy and Culture)

740:. The Chen family system was only taught within the Chen village region until 1928. 6855: 5920: 4682: 3210: 906: 805: 287: 267: 1058: 6945: 6828: 6800: 6786: 6313: 5795: 5761: 5707: 5308: 4791: 1388: 1007:(disciple of Hong Junsheng and Feng Zhiqiang; teaching throughout North America), 757: 704: 630: 335: 6497: 4944:), also known as the Thirteen Movements (十三势, Shísān shì), and the Second Form ( 4882:

The Third Set with 24 forms also known as the Four Big Hammer Set (三套24式又称大四套捶)

41: 3702: 2303: 725: 567: 215: 6389: 6105: 914: 6934: 5497: 5458: 5397: 5355: 5346: 5324: 5295: 5210: 4869: 4181: 4168: 3493: 2539: 1756: 1348: 1004: 948: 944: 835: 834:, was known to have briefly studied the Chen Family small frame system under 799: 783: 710: 669: 591: 519: 393: 373: 330: 325: 315: 143: 86: 76: 6709: 991:

Zhang Xuexin (張學信; 1928-2023 disciple of Feng Zhiqiang; teaching in the US),

6682: 6131: 5485: 5444: 5169: 5102: 5065: 2190: 1206: 842: 787: 715: 599: 509: 476: 320: 249: 6860: 6843: 171: 6226:"Chen Zhonghua - Chen Style Taijiquan Practical Method and Hunyuan Taiji" 5916:"Chen Zhen Lei : Handing Down the Family Treasure of Chen Taijiquan" 5433: 5406: 5173: 2516: 2337: 1915: 1034:

Gil Rodrigues, Disciple of Master Chen Ziqiang. He is teaching in Brazil.

818: 743: 733: 461: 413: 408: 378: 368: 340: 310: 47: 4850:

The internal energy travels a spiral path (内劲走螺旋, nèi jìn zǒu luó xuán)

2733: 2688: 827: 719: 471: 456: 451: 398: 388: 383: 272: 6225: 5214: 5026: 4841:

Hardness and softness facilitate each other (刚柔相济, gāng róu xiāng jì)

3170: 925: 909:) was published in 1933 with the first print run of thousand copies. 868: 486: 446: 418: 403: 277: 133: 6246: 4817:

Loosen the shoulders and sink the elbows (松肩沉肘, sōng jiān chén zhǒu)

954:

Other well known Chen teachers active in China or overseas include:

5209:

This branch of Chen-style tai chi descends through the students of

886: 677: 645:. The new area was originally known as Changyang Cun (Chinese: 6620: 6618: 6616: 6614: 6612: 6610: 6159:. Magyarországi Chen Stílusú Xin Yi Hun Yuan Tai Ji Quan Egyesület 4977:

classified as Small Frame at the time, based on research into the

1010:

Wu (Peter) Shi-zeng (吴仕增; a student of Hong Junsheng in Australia)

6205:. Wenxian Taiji Xiangyin Information Industry Co (温县太极乡音信息产业有限公司) 6178: 6110: 6085: 6066:. Wenxian Taiji Xiangyin Information Industry Co (温县太极乡音信息产业有限公司) 6040:. Wenxian Taiji Xiangyin Information Industry Co (温县太极乡音信息产业有限公司) 5415: 5240: 4847:

The external shape travels a curve; (外形走弧线, wài xíng zǒu hú xiàn)

4782: 1212: 877: 872: 790:

taught Chen family the martial art later to be known as tai chi.

595: 363: 305: 220: 203: 98: 6710:"Chen Peishan-Xiaojia, the Small Frame of Chen Family Taijiquan" 6364:

Chinese Martial Arts: From Antiquity to the Twenty-First Century

5422:

several double weapons forms utilizing the above-mentioned items

1013:

Chen Huixian (陈会贤; Disciple of Chen Zhenglei teaching in the US)

6607: 6132:"Zhang Xue Xin (1928–) Chen Style Taiji 19th Generation Master" 5547:. 364 Innovation Drive, North Clarendon VT: Tuttle Publishing. 5513: 5509: 5439: 5301: 5183: 5061: 4741: 1129: 694: 688: 682: 634: 604: 581: 466: 423: 238: 225: 209: 108: 6714:

Cultura martialis - das Journal der Kampfkünste aus aller Welt

4829:

Loosen the hips and keep the knees bent (松胯屈膝, sōng kuà qū xī)

4820:

Hollow the chest and settle the waist (含胸塌腰, hán xiōng tā yāo)

6292: 6272: 5518: 4876:

The First Set of Thirteen Movements with 66 Forms (头套十三势 66式)

1042: 642: 524: 244: 66: 6350:. Shanghai, China: 中國武術學會 the Chinese Martial Arts Society . 6157:

Hungarian Chen Style Xin Yi Hun Yuan Tai Ji Quan Association

6152: 6086:"ISCT - International Society of Chen Taijiquan / 国際陳氏太極拳連盟" 5942: 5016: 4988: 4814:

Keep the body centered and upright (立身中正, lìshēn zhōngzhèng)

1031:, has promoted and documented Chen-style tai chi since 1996. 6538: 6536: 6534: 5966: 5379: 5021: 4811:

Keep the head suspended from above (虚领顶劲, xū lǐng dǐng jìn)

6443:. People's Sports Publishing House (人民体育出版社). p. 51. 6013: 5831:

Chinese Martial Arts Training Manuals: A Historical Survey

602:, alternating fast and slow motions, and bursts of power ( 6390:"Chinese Tai Chi Martial Arts in Shanghai (上海太极拳培训学习中心 )" 4838:

The top and bottom coordinate (上下相随. shàng xià xiāng suí)

6531: 4967: 4835:

Empty and solid separate clearly (虚实分明, xū shí fēn míng)

6653:"陈氏太极拳家陈鑫_太极拳家_陈家沟|太极拳|小架|陈式太极拳|陈氏太极拳|陈鑫|陈伯祥|陈伯祥拳术研究会" 830:, a student of Yang Luchan and the eventual founder of 231: 6762: 6760: 6758: 6716:. Translated by Annemarie Leippert and Neal DeGregorio 5678:

Chen Style Taijiquan : the source of Taiji Boxing

6893:

Gaffney, David; Sim, Davidine Siaw-Voon (2009). "4".

6179:"International Chen Style Tai Chi Development Center" 5896:. International Chen Style Tai Chi Development Center 5614:

Tai Chi Touchstones: Yang Family Secret Transmissions

4860: 2347: 5480:

A martial application exhibiting peng, and rollback.

4823:

Drop the heart/mind energy (心气下降, xīn qì xià jiàng)

6755: 6348:陳氏世傳太極拳術 THE INHERITED CHEN FAMILY TAIJI BOXING ART 6134:. Feng Zhi-Qiang Chen Style Taijiquan Academy. 2006 5867:"Illustrated Explanations of Chen Family Taijiquan" 4844:

Fast and slow alternate (快慢相间, kuài màn xiāng jiàn)

4832:

The crotch is arch shaped (裆劲开圆, dāng jìn kāi yuán)

1088: 6676: 6674: 6672: 5113: 6601:General Explanations Of Taiji Boxing Fundamentals 6360: 5003:General Explanations of Taiji Boxing Fundamentals 4856:The back waist is an axis (以腰为轴, yǐ yāo wèi zhóu) 4853:The body leads the hand (以身领手, yǐ shēn lǐng shǒu) 885:The increased interest in Chen-style tai chi led 6932: 6571:"Chen Shitong - Chenjiagou's "Taijiquan Hermit"" 5676:Gaffney, David; Sim, Davidine Siaw-Voon (2002). 5538: 5536: 5534: 6879:. Edmonton, AB, Canada: Unpubllshed Manuscript. 6728: 6669: 5934: 5084:Chen Family Taijiquan Illustrated and Explained 4916:Chen Family Taijiquan Illustrated and Explained 6911: 6877:Gui Ju: Rules of Play for Chen Style Taijiquan 6737:"Brief Analysis of Chen Family Boxing Manuals" 6707: 6412:"Brief Analysis of Chen Family Boxing Manuals" 5860: 5858: 5800:. Zhonghua Chen (trans.). Hunyuantaiji Press. 5637: 5635: 5633: 5373:Chen Tai Chi has several unique weapon forms. 4925: 913:spread throughout China by the efforts of his 903:Chen Style Taijiquan Illustrated and Explained 6829:"冯志强的纪念馆 - 第10代 - 陈式 - 中华太极拳传承网(TaiJiRen.cn)" 6801:"田秀臣的纪念馆 - 第10代 - 陈式 - 中华太极拳传承网(TaiJiRen.cn)" 6701: 6594: 6592: 5969:. Chen Zhenglei Taijiquan Federation 陈正雷太极拳联盟 5827: 5797:Chen style taijiquan practical method: theory 5793: 5531: 1074: 546: 6787:"陈发科的纪念馆 - 第9代 - 陈式 - 中华太极拳传承网(TaiJiRen.cn)" 6775:. Translated by Jarek Szymanski (2002–2004). 6708:Stubenbaum, Dietmar; Pion, Marc (May 2005). 6525:Martial Arts United Monthly Magazine Society 6489: 6436: 5726: 5302:Zhaobao tai chi and Chen-style tai chi forms 817:During the second half of the 19th century, 6888: 6886: 6367:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 7–. 6341: 6339: 6337: 6335: 5943:"Chen Xiaowang World Taijiquan Association" 5855: 5821: 5630: 3480:10th gen. Chen and 2nd gen. Chen of Beijing 821:and his family established a reputation of 769: 660: 650: 6914:Chen Style Taijiquan, Sword and Broadsword 6897:. Warrington, UK: Chenjiagou Taijiquan GB. 6892: 6589: 5993:Beijing Chen Zhaokui Taijiquan Association 5789: 5787: 5785: 5783: 5680:. Berkeley, Calif.: North Atlantic Books. 5675: 5582: 5580: 5578: 3176:9th gen. Chen and 1st gen. Chen of Beijing 1081: 1067: 1043:Tai chi lineage tree with Chen-style focus 553: 539: 40: 6859: 6409: 6354: 5947:Chen Xiaowang World Taijiquan Association 5755: 5753: 5751: 5701: 5699: 5697: 5671: 5669: 5667: 5665: 5663: 5017:Large Frame: New Frame (Xinjia) tradition 4989:Large Frame: Old Frame (Laojia) tradition 4801: 1000:Li Enjiu (李恩久; disciple of Hong Junsheng) 6883: 6495: 6345: 6332: 5545:Taijiquan: Chen 38 form and applications 5542: 5468: 5172:and Qigong, learned from Hu Yaozhen and 5162: 5076: 5020: 3178: 6633:. Translation by Davidine Siaw-Voon Sim 6568: 6305: 5780: 5575: 5275:) at the top, and a Negative (formerly 5204: 5088:Inherited Chen Family Taiji Boxing Art’ 4918:(陳氏太極拳圖說, Chén shì tàijí quán túshuō). 782:Some legends assert that a disciple of 777: 14: 6933: 6440:Chinese Taijiquan Dictionary (中国太极拳辞典) 5894:"Remembering Grandmaster Chen Zhaokui" 5748: 5694: 5660: 5591:. State University of New York Press. 5464: 5426: 5009:) published in 1930. In Chen Village, 4934: 4893:The Long Fist with 108 forms (长拳 108式) 4826:Breathe naturally (呼吸自然, hū xī zì rán) 6844:"Gong and fa in Chinese martial arts" 6841: 6769:"Small Frame of Chen Style Taijiquan" 6734: 6522: 5940: 5891: 5732: 5709:Chinese Taijiquan dictionary(中国太极拳辞典) 4968:Frames - Large and Small, Old and New 4879:The Second Set with 27 forms (二套 27式) 4698: 4696: 4689: 4687: 4680: 4678: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4636: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4610: 4608: 4606: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4588: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4564: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4516: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4480: 4474: 4472: 4470: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4444: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4428: 4422: 4420: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4359: 4357: 4348: 4342: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4313: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4277: 4271: 4265: 4259: 4253: 4239: 4233: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4203: 4201: 4199: 4193: 4180: 4167: 4144: 4110: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4074: 4032: 4026: 3988: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3952: 3950: 3912: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3847: 3837: 3813: 3807: 3805: 3803: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3787: 3781: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3745: 3735: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3700: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3673: 3671: 3660: 3658: 3643: 3625: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3591: 3585: 3579: 3577: 3567: 3561: 3555: 3549: 3543: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3505: 3492: 3490: 3471: 3456: 3450: 3400: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3366: 3360: 3324: 3308: 3302: 3300: 3298: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3256: 3254: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3236: 3226: 3224: 3217: 3215: 3208: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3182: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3125: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3083: 3077: 3075: 3069: 3067: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3031: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3019: 2994: 2992: 2986: 2984: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2934: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2890: 2888: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2844: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2747: 2745: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2712: 2710: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2633: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2436: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2392: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2353: 2351: 2336: 2334: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2264: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2189: 2187: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2147: 2145: 2136: 2134: 2125: 2123: 2121: 2089: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2021: 2019: 1997: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1929: 1927: 1912: 1910: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1874: 1872: 1863: 1861: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1834: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1804: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1790: 1788: 1786: 1780: 1778: 1776: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1755: 1753: 1744: 1742: 1733: 1731: 1722: 1720: 1711: 1709: 1700: 1698: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1635: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1591: 1589: 1587: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1557: 1555: 1553: 1551: 1549: 1547: 1538: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1530: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1522: 1520: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1501: 1499: 1465: 1459: 1457: 1455: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1447: 1413: 1411: 1409: 1407: 1405: 1403: 1401: 1378: 1376: 1374: 1372: 1370: 1368: 1366: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1347: 1345: 1343: 1341: 1339: 1337: 1330: 1325: 1317: 1251: 1249: 1247: 1245: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1233: 1231: 1225: 1204: 1202: 1200: 1198: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1186: 1178: 1164: 1162: 1160: 1158: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1146: 1138: 1127: 1125: 1123: 1121: 1119: 1117: 1115: 1113: 1111: 1109: 1107: 1105: 1100: 1062: 629:The Chen family were originally from 6916:. Zhengzhou, China: Tai Chi Centre. 6874: 6766: 6627:"Chen Style Old Frame vs. New Frame" 6598: 6542: 6223: 6203:Tai Chi Inheritance Network (太极拳传承网) 6064:Tai Chi Inheritance Network (太极拳传承网) 6038:Tai Chi Inheritance Network (太极拳传承网) 5913: 5864: 5641: 5611: 5586: 5334: 871:moved from Chen village to teach in 6624: 6387: 6311: 5986: 5759: 5705: 4888:The Fifth Set with 29 forms (五套29式) 899:Henan Province Martial Arts Academy 676:. These included the principles of 24: 6905: 6680: 5834:. Blue Snake Books. pp. 50–. 4861:Historical forms from Chen Village 620: 25: 6962: 6470: 6014:"Chen Bing Taiji Academy (陳炳太極院)" 5122: 4740:Names denoted by an asterisk are 933:Era of Reconstruction (1976–1989) 867:(1893–1972) and later his uncle, 812: 598:. Chen-style is characterized by 6569:Gaffney, David (17 March 2016). 6273:"Chen Huixian Taijiquan Academy" 5892:Cheng, Jin Cai (June 13, 2004). 5828:Brian Kennedy (8 January 2008). 5049:folding of the chest and waist. 4902:Two man training routines (对练套路) 170: 6868: 6835: 6821: 6807: 6793: 6779: 6645: 6562: 6516: 6496:Santiago, Xavier (2013-02-15). 6464: 6430: 6403: 6381: 6285: 6265: 6239: 6217: 6191: 6171: 6145: 6124: 6098: 6078: 6052: 6026: 6006: 5980: 5967:"Chen Zhenglei Website (陈正雷网站)" 5959: 5907: 5885: 5644:Old frame Chen family Taijiquan 5377:the 49 posture Straight Sword ( 5368: 5114:Closely related Chen traditions 5033:form he introduced to the world 4885:Red Fist with 23 forms (红拳 23式) 1089:Chen-style tai chi lineage tree 6346:Chen (陕), Ziming (子明) (1932). 5605: 5521:methods present in the forms. 5500:of tai chi to manifest either 752: 586: 577: 182:Styles of Chinese martial arts 13: 1: 6437:Gongbao (功保), Yu (余) (2006). 5524: 5512:, Chen-style aims to develop 5271:) at the bottom and outward ( 5239:Hong said Chen Fake taught, " 5007:Tàijí quán xué rùmén zǒng jiě 6543:Chen, Ke San (4 June 2020). 5763:陈式太极拳实用拳法/: 十七代宗师陈发科晚年传授技击精萃 5251:(顺缠, following coiling) and 5219:study with Chen Fake in 1956 851:Chinese Communist Revolution 188:List of Chinese martial arts 164:Chinese martial arts (Wushu) 46:Chen-style practitioners in 7: 6875:Chen, Zhonghua (May 2005). 6767:Jian, Ge (September 2002). 5413:30 posture Halberd (Da Dao/ 5386:the 13 posture Broadsword ( 5294:is the Standard Bearer and 4926:Existing Chen Village forms 961:(陳瑜; grandson of Chen Fake) 10: 6967: 6951:16th-century introductions 6545:"Chen Zhao Pei, My Father" 6361:Peter Allan Lorge (2012). 5941:Chen (陳 ), Xiaowang (小旺). 5338: 5283:) at the top and outward ( 615: 6410:Szymanski, Jarek (1999). 5279:) Circle rotates inward ( 5267:) Circle rotates inward ( 4715: 4634: 4632: 4624: 4622: 4614: 4612: 4604: 4602: 4586: 4584: 4562: 4560: 4552: 4550: 4542: 4540: 4532: 4530: 4514: 4512: 4478: 4476: 4468: 4466: 4458: 4456: 4448: 4446: 4426: 4424: 4402: 4400: 4392: 4390: 4382: 4380: 4372: 4370: 4346: 4344: 4311: 4309: 4301: 4299: 4291: 4289: 4281: 4279: 4275: 4273: 4263: 4261: 4257: 4255: 4251: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4227: 4225: 4217: 4215: 4207: 4205: 4197: 4195: 4191: 4189: 4178: 4176: 4165: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4130: 4108: 4106: 4098: 4096: 4088: 4086: 4078: 4076: 4072: 4064: 4062: 4048: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4030: 4028: 4020: 4018: 4008: 4006: 3992: 3986: 3984: 3976: 3974: 3966: 3964: 3956: 3954: 3948: 3944: 3942: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3922: 3916: 3914: 3906: 3904: 3896: 3894: 3886: 3884: 3876: 3874: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3827: 3825: 3811: 3809: 3801: 3799: 3791: 3789: 3779: 3777: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3757: 3755: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3729: 3727: 3719: 3717: 3709: 3707: 3698: 3696: 3623: 3621: 3613: 3611: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3589: 3587: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3559: 3557: 3547: 3545: 3537: 3535: 3527: 3525: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3507: 3503: 3501: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3469: 3467: 3454: 3452: 3438: 3436: 3426: 3420: 3414: 3408: 3398: 3396: 3388: 3386: 3378: 3370: 3368: 3364: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3352: 3346: 3344: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3318: 3312: 3306: 3304: 3296: 3294: 3286: 3282: 3272: 3270: 3260: 3258: 3252: 3250: 3230: 3228: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3186: 3184: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3123: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3103: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3073: 3071: 3065: 3063: 3043: 3035: 3033: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3005: 2999: 2990: 2988: 2982: 2980: 2960: 2954: 2948: 2940: 2938: 2932: 2930: 2914: 2902: 2896: 2886: 2882: 2876: 2874: 2850: 2832: 2830: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2716: 2714: 2708: 2706: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2643: 2641: 2631: 2627: 2625: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2597: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2569: 2567: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2446: 2444: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2426: 2424: 2412: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2390: 2386: 2384: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2262: 2260: 2252: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2224: 2222: 2111: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2087: 2085: 2077: 2075: 2051: 2043: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2031: 2025: 2023: 2013: 2007: 1995: 1993: 1985: 1983: 1959: 1957: 1955: 1951: 1949: 1937: 1842: 1840: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1824: 1822: 1818: 1794: 1792: 1784: 1782: 1774: 1772: 1679: 1677: 1675: 1669: 1667: 1665: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1647: 1645: 1643: 1633: 1631: 1623: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1609: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1585: 1581: 1579: 1577: 1561: 1559: 1493: 1491: 1489: 1487: 1485: 1483: 1481: 1479: 1477: 1475: 1473: 1463: 1461: 1445: 1441: 1439: 1437: 1431: 1429: 1427: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1419: 1395: 1323: 1319: 1311: 1309: 1307: 1305: 1303: 1301: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1293: 1291: 1281: 1277: 1275: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1267: 1265: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1257: 1253: 1219: 1184: 1180: 1172: 1168: 1166: 1144: 1140: 1094: 765: 747: 656: 646: 594:and the original form of 129: 114: 104: 94: 82: 72: 62: 54: 39: 6895:The Essence of Taijiquan 6388:王教练 (6 September 2008). 5567:: CS1 maint: location ( 5401:) solo and partner forms 5056:Chen Zhaopei also added 4759: 804:, reputedly a monk from 6912:Chen, Zhenglei (2003). 6741:www.chinafrominside.com 6631:Chenjiagou Taijiquan GB 6228:. Hunyuan Taiji Academy 1152:Direct teacher-student. 793:Other legends speak of 515:Vietnamese martial arts 505:Hong Kong action cinema 6575:Talking Chen Taijiquan 5794:Junsheng Hong (2006). 5612:Wile, Douglas (1983). 5587:Wile, Douglas (1995). 5543:Guang Yi, Ren (2003). 5481: 5213:, a senior student of 5034: 4802:Fundamental principles 1192:Individual(s) omitted. 845:, the creation of the 832:Wu (Hao)-style tai chi 809:even who taught whom. 353:Historical individuals 124:Wu (Hao)-style tai chi 6861:10.18573/j.2017.10098 6599:Chen, Zhaopi (1930). 6293:"Chen Taichi on-line" 6224:Chen, Joseph (2011). 6060:"陳小星 (Chen Xiaoxing)" 5914:Burr, Martha (1999). 5504:(expansive power) or 5479: 5454:skill into a weapon. 5404:3, 8, and 13 posture 5341:List of tai chi forms 5163:Xinyi Hunyuan tai chi 5153:Chen Taijiquan Gongfu 5077:Small Frame tradition 5024: 849:and subsequently the 674:Internal martial arts 359:Emperor Taizu of Song 6848:Martial Arts Studies 6842:Nulty, T.J. (2017). 6034:"陈伯祥 (Chen Boxiang)" 5616:. Sweet Ch'i Press. 5205:The Practical Method 5037:Near the end of the 1018:Berkeley, California 778:Other origin stories 698:, and the theory of 680:, the techniques of 429:Ten Tigers of Canton 262:Historical locations 90:11th generation Chen 18:Chen-style taijiquan 6657:www.chenboxiang.com 6502:PracticalMethod.com 6416:ChinaFromInside.com 6247:"Peter Wu Shi-zeng" 6153:"Hán Kuíyuán (韩奎元)" 5871:ChinaFromInside.com 5642:Chen, Mark (2004). 5465:Martial application 5427:Additional training 5039:Cultural Revolution 4935:Two-path curriculum 979:(陳小星; Chen Village) 973:(陈伯祥; Chen Village) 922:Cultural Revolution 592:Chinese martial art 158:Part of a series on 147:Chen Xiaoxing (陈小星) 36: 27:Chinese martial art 6735:Szymanski, Jarek. 5865:Chen, Xin (1999). 5733:Szymanski, Jarek. 5482: 5035: 1333:/taught informally 1016:Chou Wenpei (周文沛; 967:(陳炳; Chen Village) 823:Yang-style tai chi 738:Yang-style tai chi 587:Chén shì tàijíquán 441:Modern celebrities 149:Chen Boxiang (陈伯祥） 137:Chen Zhaokui (陈照奎) 119:Yang-style tai chi 31:Chen-style tai chi 30: 6743:. Jarek Szymanski 6498:"Yilu & Erlu" 6482:978-7-5084-8309-2 6418:. Jarek Szymanski 6374:978-0-521-87881-4 6325:978-7-5377-3011-2 5873:. Jarek Szymanski 5841:978-1-58394-194-2 5807:978-0-9730045-5-7 5773:978-7-5331-0640-9 5719:978-7-5009-2879-9 5687:978-1-55643-377-1 5653:978-1-55643-488-4 5623:978-0-912059-01-3 5598:978-0-7914-2654-8 5477: 5443:routines such as 5335:Modern Chen forms 4979:Hao family branch 4777:(First Form) and 4753: 4752: 4746: 4735: 4728: 4721: 4709: 4708: 1331:Partial influence 1239:Branch continues. 847:Republic of China 772: 714:, written by the 663: 653: 563: 562: 482:Zhang Jin (actor) 300:Legendary figures 283:Shaolin Monastery 153: 152: 141:Chen Zhaopi (陈照丕) 63:Country of origin 58:late 16th century 16:(Redirected from 6958: 6927: 6899: 6898: 6890: 6881: 6880: 6872: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6839: 6833: 6832: 6825: 6819: 6818: 6811: 6805: 6804: 6797: 6791: 6790: 6783: 6777: 6776: 6773:Shaolin Yu Taiji 6764: 6753: 6752: 6750: 6748: 6732: 6726: 6725: 6723: 6721: 6705: 6699: 6698: 6681:陈鑫 (July 2006). 6678: 6667: 6666: 6664: 6663: 6649: 6643: 6642: 6640: 6638: 6625:Gaffney, David. 6622: 6605: 6604: 6596: 6587: 6586: 6584: 6582: 6566: 6560: 6559: 6557: 6555: 6540: 6529: 6528: 6520: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6509: 6493: 6487: 6486: 6475:. 中国水利水电出版社发行部. 6468: 6462: 6461: 6459: 6457: 6434: 6428: 6427: 6425: 6423: 6407: 6401: 6400: 6398: 6397: 6385: 6379: 6378: 6358: 6352: 6351: 6343: 6330: 6329: 6309: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6299: 6289: 6283: 6282: 6280: 6279: 6269: 6263: 6262: 6260: 6258: 6243: 6237: 6236: 6234: 6233: 6221: 6215: 6214: 6212: 6210: 6199:"李恩久 (Li Enjiu)" 6195: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6185: 6175: 6169: 6168: 6166: 6164: 6149: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6139: 6128: 6122: 6121: 6119: 6118: 6102: 6096: 6095: 6093: 6092: 6082: 6076: 6075: 6073: 6071: 6056: 6050: 6049: 6047: 6045: 6030: 6024: 6023: 6021: 6020: 6010: 6004: 6003: 6001: 5999: 5987:Spivack, Marin. 5984: 5978: 5977: 5975: 5974: 5963: 5957: 5956: 5954: 5953: 5938: 5932: 5931: 5929: 5928: 5921:Kung Fu Magazine 5911: 5905: 5904: 5902: 5901: 5889: 5883: 5882: 5880: 5878: 5862: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5848: 5825: 5819: 5818: 5816: 5814: 5791: 5778: 5777: 5757: 5746: 5745: 5743: 5741: 5730: 5724: 5723: 5703: 5692: 5691: 5673: 5658: 5657: 5639: 5628: 5627: 5609: 5603: 5602: 5584: 5573: 5572: 5566: 5558: 5540: 5478: 4738: 4731: 4724: 4717: 2759:Zhaobao He-style 2756:8th gen. Zhaobao 2547:7th gen. Zhaobao 2360:6th gen. Zhaobao 2348:Chen Small Frame 2194:5th gen. Zhaobao 2183:1715– after 1795 1921:4th gen. Zhaobao 1760:3rd gen. Zhaobao 1098: 1097: 1083: 1076: 1069: 1060: 1059: 1030: 907:tai chi classics 893:, together with 866: 803: 773: 770: 767: 754: 749: 664: 661: 658: 654: 651: 648: 590:) is a Northern 588: 579: 555: 548: 541: 288:Wudang Mountains 268:Kunlun Mountains 174: 155: 154: 44: 37: 35: 29: 21: 6966: 6965: 6961: 6960: 6959: 6957: 6956: 6955: 6931: 6930: 6924: 6908: 6906:Further reading 6903: 6902: 6891: 6884: 6873: 6869: 6840: 6836: 6827: 6826: 6822: 6813: 6812: 6808: 6799: 6798: 6794: 6785: 6784: 6780: 6765: 6756: 6746: 6744: 6733: 6729: 6719: 6717: 6706: 6702: 6695: 6679: 6670: 6661: 6659: 6651: 6650: 6646: 6636: 6634: 6623: 6608: 6597: 6590: 6580: 6578: 6567: 6563: 6553: 6551: 6541: 6532: 6521: 6517: 6507: 6505: 6504:. Chen Zhonghua 6494: 6490: 6483: 6469: 6465: 6455: 6453: 6451: 6435: 6431: 6421: 6419: 6408: 6404: 6395: 6393: 6386: 6382: 6375: 6359: 6355: 6344: 6333: 6326: 6310: 6306: 6297: 6295: 6291: 6290: 6286: 6277: 6275: 6271: 6270: 6266: 6256: 6254: 6245: 6244: 6240: 6231: 6229: 6222: 6218: 6208: 6206: 6197: 6196: 6192: 6183: 6181: 6177: 6176: 6172: 6162: 6160: 6151: 6150: 6146: 6137: 6135: 6130: 6129: 6125: 6116: 6114: 6104: 6103: 6099: 6090: 6088: 6084: 6083: 6079: 6069: 6067: 6058: 6057: 6053: 6043: 6041: 6032: 6031: 6027: 6018: 6016: 6012: 6011: 6007: 5997: 5995: 5985: 5981: 5972: 5970: 5965: 5964: 5960: 5951: 5949: 5939: 5935: 5926: 5924: 5912: 5908: 5899: 5897: 5890: 5886: 5876: 5874: 5863: 5856: 5846: 5844: 5842: 5826: 5822: 5812: 5810: 5808: 5792: 5781: 5774: 5758: 5749: 5739: 5737: 5731: 5727: 5720: 5704: 5695: 5688: 5674: 5661: 5654: 5640: 5631: 5624: 5610: 5606: 5599: 5585: 5576: 5560: 5559: 5555: 5541: 5532: 5527: 5469: 5467: 5429: 5371: 5365: 5343: 5337: 5309:Zhaobao tai chi 5304: 5207: 5165: 5125: 5116: 5079: 5051:Xiongyao zhedie 5019: 4991: 4970: 4937: 4928: 4863: 4804: 4792:Zhaobao tai chi 4762: 4756: 4754: 4749: 4711: 4710: 4367: 4365: 4361: 4354: 4352: 4350: 4339: 4337: 4186: 4184: 4173: 4171: 4152: 4150: 4146: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3675: 3668: 3666: 3662: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3645: 3498: 3496: 3479: 3477: 3473: 3464: 3462: 3458: 3177: 3175: 3173: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2749: 2738: 2736: 2691: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2521: 2519: 2494: 2490: 2359: 2355: 2346: 2344: 2343:c. 19th century 2342: 2340: 2331: 2327: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2193: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2155: 2153: 2149: 2142: 2138: 2131: 2127: 1920: 1918: 1914: 1907: 1903: 1880: 1876: 1869: 1865: 1858: 1854: 1759: 1750: 1746: 1739: 1735: 1728: 1724: 1717: 1713: 1706: 1702: 1695: 1691: 1544: 1540: 1517: 1513: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1353: 1351: 1334: 1332: 1210: 1205: 1090: 1087: 1045: 1024: 915:senior students 860: 815: 797: 780: 758:Zhaobao tai chi 705:Huangdi Neijing 631:Hongtong County 623: 621:Origin theories 618: 559: 530: 529: 500: 492: 491: 442: 434: 433: 354: 346: 345: 336:Eight Immortals 301: 293: 292: 263: 255: 254: 199: 184: 148: 146: 142: 140: 138: 136: 122: 115:Descendant arts 89: 50: 33: 32: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6964: 6954: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6941:Tai chi styles 6929: 6928: 6922: 6907: 6904: 6901: 6900: 6882: 6867: 6834: 6820: 6806: 6792: 6778: 6754: 6727: 6700: 6693: 6668: 6644: 6606: 6588: 6561: 6530: 6515: 6488: 6481: 6473:陈式太极拳传统一路八十三式- 6471:史, 铁柱 (2011). 6463: 6449: 6429: 6402: 6380: 6373: 6353: 6331: 6324: 6304: 6284: 6264: 6238: 6216: 6190: 6170: 6144: 6123: 6097: 6077: 6051: 6025: 6005: 5979: 5958: 5933: 5906: 5884: 5854: 5840: 5820: 5806: 5779: 5772: 5747: 5725: 5718: 5693: 5686: 5659: 5652: 5629: 5622: 5604: 5597: 5574: 5553: 5529: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5514:internal power 5466: 5463: 5428: 5425: 5424: 5423: 5420: 5411: 5402: 5393: 5384: 5370: 5367: 5336: 5333: 5303: 5300: 5206: 5203: 5164: 5161: 5124: 5123:Beijing Branch 5121: 5115: 5112: 5078: 5075: 5018: 5015: 4990: 4987: 4969: 4966: 4936: 4933: 4927: 4924: 4904: 4903: 4900: 4897: 4894: 4890: 4889: 4886: 4883: 4880: 4877: 4862: 4859: 4858: 4857: 4854: 4851: 4848: 4845: 4842: 4839: 4836: 4833: 4830: 4827: 4824: 4821: 4818: 4815: 4812: 4803: 4800: 4767:, also called 4761: 4758: 4751: 4750: 4748: 4747: 4736: 4729: 4716: 4713: 4712: 4707: 4705: 4704: 4701:WU (HAO)-STYLE 4697: 4695: 4688: 4686: 4679: 4677: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4565: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4555: 4553: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4543: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4533: 4531: 4529: 4527: 4525: 4523: 4521: 4519: 4517: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4489: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4368:11th gen. Chen 4358: 4356: 4355:11th gen. Chen 4347: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4340:11th gen. Chen 4332: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4324: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4224: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4187:11th gen. Chen 4179: 4177: 4175: 4174:11th gen. Chen 4166: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4154: 4153:11th gen. Chen 4142: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4085: 4083: 4081: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4013: 4011: 4009: 4007: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3814: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3686:Chen Old Frame 3682:10th gen. Chen 3672: 3670: 3669:10th gen. Chen 3659: 3657: 3656:Chen New Frame 3652:10th gen. Chen 3641: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3499:10th gen. Chen 3491: 3489: 3487: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3470: 3468: 3466: 3465:10th gen. Chen 3455: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3216: 3214: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3179:Chen New Frame 3168: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3008: 3006: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2761: 2746: 2744: 2741:WU (HAO)-STYLE 2731: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2548: 2537: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2361: 2352: 2350: 2335: 2333: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2312:Chen Old Frame 2304:Chen Changxing 2301: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2266: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2195: 2188: 2186: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2146: 2144: 2135: 2133: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2118: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 1999: 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Chen 2690: 2674: 2671: 2663: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2639: 2637: 2636: 2629: 2623: 2621: 2613: 2601: 2599: 2595: 2587: 2585: 2552: 2550: 2545:7th gen. Chen 2541: 2540:Chen Qingping 2526: 2525: 2518: 2495:7th gen. Chen 2493: 2475: 2472: 2464: 2448: 2442: 2440: 2439: 2428: 2422: 2420: 2410: 2396: 2394: 2388: 2382: 2380: 2365: 2363: 2358: 2349: 2345:6th gen. Chen 2339: 2332:6th gen. Chen 2330: 2313: 2309:6th gen. Chen 2305: 2281: 2278: 2270: 2268: 2267: 2250: 2242: 2240: 2199: 2197: 2192: 2185:5th gen. Chen 2181: 2180:Chen Gongzhao 2156:5th gen. Chen 2152: 2151:Chen Bingwang 2143:5th gen. Chen 2141: 2132:5th gen. Chen 2130: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2095: 2093: 2092: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2041: 2039: 2029: 2027: 2018: 2015: 2011: 2009: 2005: 2003: 2001: 2000: 1953: 1947: 1945: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1926: 1924: 1919:4th gen. Chen 1917: 1908:4th gen. Chen 1906: 1881:4th gen. Chen 1879: 1870:4th gen. Chen 1868: 1859:4th gen. Chen 1857: 1856:Chen Shantong 1847: 1844: 1838: 1837: 1826: 1820: 1765: 1763: 1758: 1757:Zhang Chuchen 1751:3rd gen. Chen 1749: 1740:3rd gen. Chen 1738: 1729:3rd gen. Chen 1727: 1718:3rd gen. Chen 1716: 1715:Chen Guangyin 1707:3rd gen. Chen 1705: 1696:3rd gen. Chen 1694: 1684: 1681: 1673: 1671: 1663: 1661: 1653: 1651: 1649: 1641: 1639: 1638: 1621: 1613: 1611: 1595: 1593: 1583: 1575: 1573: 1566: 1564: 1545:2nd gen. Chen 1543: 1518:2nd gen. Chen 1516: 1498: 1495: 1471: 1469: 1468: 1443: 1435: 1433: 1417: 1415: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1389:Zhaobao-style 1383: 1358: 1357: 1350: 1349:Chen Wangting 1328: 1321: 1316: 1313: 1289: 1287: 1285: 1284: 1279: 1255: 1236: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1208: 1189: 1182: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1149: 1142: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1131: 1103: 1099: 1093: 1084: 1079: 1077: 1072: 1070: 1065: 1064: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1040: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1005:Chen Zhonghua 1002: 999: 996: 993: 990: 987: 984: 981: 978: 977:Chen Xiaoxing 975: 972: 969: 966: 963: 960: 957: 956: 955: 952: 950: 949:Chen Zhenglei 946: 945:Chen Xiaowang 940: 936: 934: 929: 927: 923: 918: 916: 910: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 891:Chen Chunyuan 888: 883: 880: 879: 874: 870: 864: 859: 854: 852: 848: 844: 839: 837: 836:Chen Qingping 833: 829: 824: 820: 810: 807: 801: 796: 791: 789: 785: 784:Zhang Sanfeng 775: 763: 759: 755: 745: 741: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 721: 717: 713: 712: 711:Jixiao Xinshu 707: 706: 701: 697: 696: 691: 690: 685: 684: 679: 675: 671: 670:Chen Wangting 666: 644: 640: 636: 632: 627: 613: 609: 607: 606: 601: 597: 593: 589: 583: 575: 571: 569: 556: 551: 549: 544: 542: 537: 536: 534: 533: 526: 523: 521: 520:Wushu (sport) 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 502: 496: 495: 488: 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 444: 438: 437: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 394:Wong Fei-hung 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 374:Dong Haichuan 372: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 356: 350: 349: 342: 339: 337: 334: 332: 331:Li Ching-Yuen 329: 327: 326:Yim Wing-chun 324: 322: 319: 317: 316:Zhang Sanfeng 314: 312: 309: 307: 304: 303: 297: 296: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 276: 274: 271: 269: 266: 265: 259: 258: 251: 248: 246: 243: 241: 240: 236: 234: 233: 229: 227: 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 211: 207: 205: 202: 201: 195: 194: 189: 186: 183: 180: 179: 178: 177: 173: 169: 168: 165: 162: 161: 157: 156: 145: 144:Chen Zhenglei 135: 132: 130:Practitioners 128: 125: 120: 117: 113: 110: 107: 105:Ancestor arts 103: 100: 97: 93: 88: 87:Chen Xiaowang 85: 81: 78: 77:Chen Wangting 75: 71: 68: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 43: 38: 19: 6913: 6894: 6876: 6870: 6854:(3): 50–63. 6851: 6847: 6837: 6823: 6809: 6795: 6781: 6772: 6745:. 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