Chen dynasty - Knowledge

3222: 2368:). Heruo defeated Xiao Mohe and captured him, and the rest of Chen troops collapsed, allowing the Sui forces to enter the capital. In panic and abandoned by his officials, Chen Shubao hid in a well with Consorts Zhang and Kong, but was discovered and captured. When he was brought before Heruo Bi, he was so fearful that he prostrated himself before Heruo Bi act that brought words of contempt from Heruo. However, he and his household were generally treated well by the Sui generals, although Gao, blaming Consort Zhang for Chen's collapse, executed her. Some of the Chen generals continued to resist, but were quickly defeated, particularly because at the Sui forces' request, Chen Shubao wrote letters to the Chen generals ordering them to surrender. Chen was at its end. Soon, the Sui army escorted Chen Shubao and his household to the Sui capital Daxing (大興, near Chang'an). 2022:) would rebel, summoned Ouyang back to Jiankang. Ouyang was himself suspicious of Emperor Xuan's intentions, and therefore refused the order and rebelled. Emperor Xuan sent the official Xu Jian (徐儉, Xu Ling's son) to try to persuade Ouyang to change his mind, but Ouyang would not relent. Emperor Xuan then sent the general Zhang Zhaoda (章昭達) to attack Ouyang. By spring 570, Zhang captured Ouyang and delivered him to Jiankang, where Ouyang was beheaded. Zhang, encouraged by the victory, then attacked Western Liang's capital Jiangling, but after some initial gains, nearly capturing Jiangling, he suffered defeats by the Northern Zhou general Lu Teng (陸騰) and withdrew. Despite this campaign, after this point on, Chen and Northern Zhou largely had peaceful relations, often exchanging embassies, forming an alliance against Northern Qi. 582: 3246: 2153:(Yang Jian) decided that it was improper to attack a state that had just lost its emperor and withdrew his forces. He also sent ambassadors to mourn Emperor Xuan's death, and his letter to Chen Shubao referred to himself by his personal name—a sign of humility. Chen Shubao's return letter included the sentence, "May it be that when you govern your state, all things can be well, and that between heaven and earth, there will be peace and quiet." The states exchanged ambassadors often and generally had peaceful relations, although Sui's Emperor Wen was gradually building up military power on the 50: 2119:) and the nine surrounding provinces, soon surrendered to Chen, seeking Chen aid. Emperor Xuan sent the generals Fan Yi (樊毅), Ren Zhong (任忠), and Chen Huiji (陳慧紀) to attack Northern Zhou's southern provinces to aid Sima, whom he created the Duke of Sui. However, Wei Xiaokuan quickly defeated Yuchi, forcing Yuchi to commit suicide, and Sima's own forces collapsed. He was forced to flee to Chen territory, and all of the territory he controlled was retained by Northern Zhou. Yang Jian soon seized the throne in spring 581, destroying the Northern Zhou and establishing the 1832:

to their camp to discuss peace. Chen sent Xiao Yuanming to Northern Qi camp, but before talks could begin, Xiao Yuanming died from a severe infection on his back. By summer 556, Northern Qi forces were again descending on Jiankang, but once there, their forces stalemated with Chen's forces. Northern Qi forces' food supplies soon ran out, and Chen defeated them, killing Xu and capturing a number of Northern Qi generals, whom Chen executed. Meanwhile, Hou Tian, having been defeated by another general, Hou Ping (侯平), chose to submit to Chen.

1750:). In 552, after they had sworn a solemn oath to Liang, they advanced east toward Jiankang, where Hou had killed Xiao Gang (who had succeeded Emperor Wu as Emperor Jianwen) and taken the throne himself as Emperor of Han. Chen was instrumental in the subsequent siege of Jiankang, and they defeated Hou together, causing Hou to flee. Subsequently, Hou was killed by his own men. For Chen's contributions, Xiao Yi created Chen the Marquess of Changcheng—Chen's home county. Wang put Chen in charge of the important city Jingkou (京口, Chen 2046:. The entire region between the Yangtze and Huai was now in Chen hands. Emperor Xuan was so pleased that he, in an elaborate ceremony, conferred a variety of honors on Wu. He also displayed Wang's head on the Jiankang city gate, although after a request by Zhu Yang (朱瑒), in which Zhu pointed out that Wang was faithful to Liang and should be honored, he returned Wang's head for a proper burial. In the following years, Chen continued to make minor gains against Northern Qi, but was not making major attacks. 313: 64: 56: 3271: 1904:. As he inherited the throne from Emperor Wu, he did not posthumously honor his father Chen Daotan as an emperor as might otherwise have been expected, but, in order to make sure that his father would be properly venerated (which would require Chen Daotan's legal heir—Emperor Wen's brother Chen Xu—to be present to offer sacrifices to him), he created his own son Chen Bomao (陳伯茂) the Prince of Shixing instead, and created Chen Xu, who was then still at 2251:

further their power as well, so Consorts Zhang and Kong became exceedingly powerful. To finance Chen Shubao's construction projects, taxes were raised, and soldiers and the officials, who were previously immune to taxes, were also required to pay them, causing general discontent from those classes. Further, at Kong Fan's urging, Chen Shubao transferred much of the military command to civilian officials, further causing the generals to be disgruntled.

2085:. When the official Cai Jingli (蔡景歷) warned otherwise, he was so displeased that he demoted Cai to the post of a commandery governor. In spring 578, the Northern Zhou general Wang Gui (王軌) thoroughly crushed Wu, capturing him. Regretting his actions, Emperor Xuan recalled Cai to the capital. With the people's hearts shaken by the great defeat, in fall 578, Emperor Xuan held a ceremony in which the officials reaffirmed their loyalty to the state. 3234: 1681: 1984: 1865: 1648:), he made a rendezvous with the new governor of Giao Châu Province, Yang Piao (楊瞟), and another nephew of Emperor Wu's, Xiao Bo (蕭勃), to attack Lý Bôn. Xiao Bao did not want to set out on the campaign, and therefore tried to persuade Yang not to advance. Chen persuaded Yang otherwise, and in spring 545, Yang, with Chen as his lieutenant, attacked Lý Bôn, defeating him and forcing him to flee into the mountains and conduct 2462:. The culture of the Southern dynasties reached their apex during the Chen dynasty. In literature, Xu Ling (徐陵) was an influential writer during the Chen dynasty, with his literary collection "New Songs of Yutai" being passed down for generations. One of the most famous chapters from New Songs of Yutai is "Peacock Flying Southeast" (《孔雀东南飞》). In art, Yao Zui's (姚最) "Continued Paintings" has the greatest influence. 1631:. Xiao Ying sent the generals Sun Jiong (孫冏) and Lu Zixiong (盧子雄) to attack Lý Bôn, with Xiao Ying overseeing the operations. In spring 542, Xiao Ying and Xiao Zi ordered Sun and Lu to attack, but they lost to Lý, and soon infighting broke out between Sun, Lu, and another general Zhou. Xiao Ying then sent Chen Baxian to clean up the situation, and Chen Baxian defeated all of them, killing Du Tianhe and capturing 3719: 2135: 2221:), residing himself at Linchun Pavilion, while having Consort Zhang reside at Jieqi Pavilion and Consorts Gong and Kong share Wangxian Pavilion. He often spent his days feasting with his concubines, headed by Consort Zhang, as well as those ladies in waiting and officials who had literary talent (including Jiang Zong, whom he made prime minister, Kong Fan, and Wang Cuo 1714:, enticed the governor of Guang Province, Yuan Jingzhong (元景仲), a member of Northern Wei's imperial Yuan clan, to join him. When Chen received the news, he publicly announced Yuan's treachery and gathered the troops of the nearby generals to attack Yuan. Yuan committed suicide, and Chen welcomed Xiao Bo, then the governor of Ding Province (定州, roughly 1848:, suspicious of Chen's intentions, refused his summon to Jiankang and prepared for battle instead. Chen sent Zhou and Hou Andu against Wang Lin. In winter 557, Chen had Emperor Jing yield the throne to him, establishing the Chen dynasty as its Emperor Wu. He created Emperor Jing the Prince of Jiangyin. He posthumously honored his parents emperor and 2096:. Chen's Emperor Xuan mobilized his troops to resist. However, all of the cities that they had captured from Northern Qi previously quickly fell. By new year 580, nearly all of the territory north of the Yangtze had fallen to Northern Zhou, leading to a large wave of refugees who fled across the Yangtze to Chen territory. 1808:

Sengbian's son Wang Wei (王頠) marry Chen's daughter. In fall 555, believing reports that Northern Qi was going to attack, Wang sent his secretary Jiang Gan (江旰) to Jingkou to alert Chen. Chen took over control of the imperial government, forcing Xiao Yuanming to abdicate and making Xiao Fangzhi emperor (as Emperor Jing).

3569:(A dissertation presented by Qiaomei Tang to The Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of East Asian Languages and Civilizations). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University. pp. 151, 152, 153. 2250:

Chen Shubao would often hold Consort Zhang on his lap and have Consort Zhang, who was considered intelligent, read and rule on the petitions submitted to him. Meanwhile, Consort Kong and Kong Fan, who were not related, began to refer to each other as sister and brother, and used their relationship to

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Around the new year 584, Chen Shujian, prayed that he would be restored to grace. When this was discovered, Chen Shubao considered executing Chen Shujian, but after Chen Shujian reminded him how Chen Shujian was responsible for saving him from Chen Shuling, Chen Shubao spared him but removed him from

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In spring 573, Emperor Xuan resolved to attack Northern Qi. Emperor Xuan, at the suggestion of Xu Ling, selected Wu Mingche, who alone among the generals was resolute as to his support for the campaign, as the commander of the forces, with Pei Ji (裴忌) and Huang Faqu as Wu's deputies. Wu's forces made

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Chen, however, was unhappy about the situation, believing Xiao Yuanming to be unworthy of the throne. Despite Wang Sengbian's knowledge of Chen's displeasure, however, Wang did not suspect Chen of having any rebellious intentions, as they had been friendly, and Wang and Chen had agreed on having Wang

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By spring 556, Du had either been captured or surrendered to Zhou and Chen Qian, and Chen Baxian executed Du. Wang Sengzhi fled to Northern Qi, and the capital region was largely under Chen Baxian's control. Meanwhile, Northern Qi forces were preparing another attack, but they invited Xiao Yuanming

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the Marquess of Zhenyang—whom Eastern Wei had taken captive in 547—back to Liang to be emperor. Wang initially rejected Xiao Yuanming, but after his forces lost a few battles to Northern Qi forces, changed his mind and decided to accept Xiao Yuanming as emperor after extracting a promise from Xiao

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Chen Baxian was a visionary leader whose conquests helped revived the economy and culture of South China, bringing it to new heights. Near the start of the dynasty, Chen's northern neighbors the Eastern and Western Wei were later replaced by the Northern Zhou and Northern Qi, with the north of the

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During the next year, Chen began to receive greater titles and offices, progressing from Marquess of Changcheng to Duke of Changcheng to Duke of Yixing to Duke of Chen to Prince of Chen. In 557, Xiao Bo declared a resistance against Chen from Guang Province. Soon, however, Zhou defeated Xiao Bo's

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In spring 588, Chen Shubao, believing Consorts Zhang's and Kong's accusations that Chen Yin resented him for not favoring Empress Shen, deposed Chen Yin and created him the Prince of Wuxing, instead creating Consort Zhang's son Chen Yuan crown prince. He also considered deposing Empress Shen and

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Shizu grew up in difficult times, and he knew much about the people's suffering. He was observant of things and frugal in his lifestyle. Ever night, he would order his servants to open the door to his sleeping quarters, to bring in the emergency submissions so that he could review them. He also

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Despite Northern Qi aid, Xu and Ren could not defeat Chen, and Chen put Shitou, which the Northern Qi general Liu Damo (柳達摩) had captured, under siege. Liu sought peace, but requested Chen to send his relatives as hostages to Northern Qi. Most officials advocated peace, and Chen, despite his

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In January 544, Lý Bôn proclaimed himself emperor and named his small state Vạn Xuân. In winter 544, Xiao Ying died, and initially, Chen started escorting Xiao Ying's casket back to Jiankang for burial. On the way, while he was still at Dayu Mountain (大庾嶺, on the borders of modern

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For the next year, Chen advanced north through modern Jiangxi, fighting the various local warlords and generals loyal to Hou, with his main struggle against Li Qianshi (李遷仕). In spring 551, he captured and killed Li. Xiao Yi made him the governor of Jiang Province (江州, around

2358:), without opposition from Chen forces and sandwiching the Chen capital Jiankang. Only then did Chen Shubao realize the seriousness of the situation, but instead of resisting in earnest, he panicked, leaving Shi in effective control of the situation. Eventually, the general 2146:, assisted by Chen Shujian. As Chen Shubao did not favor Empress Shen, she was not allowed to attend to him during his recovery period. Rather, Consort Zhang did. After Chen Shubao recovered, Empress Dowager Liu returned imperial authorities to him and did not again govern. 1774:

launched a major attack on Jiangling, and Emperor Yuan summoned Wang to come to his aid, putting Chen in charge of Jiankang. Before Wang could reach Jiangling, however, Western Wei had already captured Jiangling, killing Emperor Yuan and declaring his nephew

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replacing her with Consort Zhang, but did not get a chance to do so before Sui launched a major attack in spring 588 as well. By winter 588, the Sui attack was in full operation, with three major prongs commanded by Emperor Wen's sons, Yang Guang (later

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Yangtze river held by the Qi, and the southwest including Sichuan was held by the Zhou. Chen Baxian defeated the Northern armies in one swoop, securing the prosperity and dominance of the Chen dynasty, and making further territorial gains in the north.

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and Zhou. Believing that Du Sengming and Zhou were both good soldiers, he released them and retained them on his staff. For this accomplishment, the Emperor Wu of Liang created Chen the Viscount of Xin'an and had an artisan draw a portrait of Chen.

2327:). Yang Su, who attacked from the upper Yangtze, therefore faced no serious opposition and soon controlled the upper Yangtze, not allowing any Chen forces which might have wanted to head downstream to aid the capital to be able to get through. 1569:

in 589, marking an end to the Northern and Southern dynasties period in Chinese history. The descendants of the Chen imperial family continued to hold powerful high-ranking positions in the imperial courts of both the Sui and

1565:(Emperor Wu). The Chen dynasty further strengthened and revitalized the economy and culture of southern China, and made territorial expansions northward, laying the foundation for future dynasties. It was conquered by the 1967:

In the ninth year of Taijian (太建 577), Northern Zhou dynasty destroyed Northern Qi. In the following year, Chen and Zhou launched a fierce battle in Luliang, Chen defeated the Zhou and made further advances north.

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Yuanming to make Xiao Fangzhi crown prince. In summer 555, Xiao Yuanming arrived at Jiankang to take the throne, and he created Xiao Fangzhi crown prince. Wang and Chen continued to be in charge of the military.

2473:'s tooth and held a major Buddhist festival. He also, following the lead of Liang's Emperor Wu, offered himself to Buddha's service on one occasion. He made several requests to Western Wei's successor state 2072:

Oddly enough, Emperor Xuan believed that he could seize part of Northern Qi territory after Northern Zhou's victory, and he sent Wu Mingche to again advance north. In winter 577, Wu put Pengcheng (彭城, Chen

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and his general Zhou Wenyu against Du and Du's ally Wei Zai (韋載). Meanwhile, Xu and Ren, aided by Northern Qi, made a surprise attack on Jiankang, nearly capturing it, but were repelled by Chen's general

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the Prince of Jin'an—Emperor Yuan's only surviving son—to Jiankang, preparing to make him emperor and first having him take the title Prince of Liang. When Jiankang fell, Chen's son Chen Chang and nephew

3221: 2319:) and never reached Chen Shubao, as Shi, not realizing the seriousness of the Sui threat, did not want anything to interfere with his own plans to become the governor of Xiang Province (湘州, Chen 2400:

project, much of which was based in Chen dynasty territory. Many members of the Chen royal family became high-ranking officers or married into the Yang ruling family of the Sui dynasty, such as

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In spring 582, Emperor Xuan died. After a failed attempt by his son Chen Shuling (陳叔陵), allied with Emperor Wen's son Chen Bogu (陳伯固), to seize the throne, Crown Prince Shubao took the throne.

1718:) to take over Guang Province. In winter 549, against Xiao Bo's request, Chen took his troops and embarked on a campaign to join the fight against Hou, sending messengers to Emperor Wu's son 1999:. For reasons unclear in history, Chen Xu left the throne empty for more than a month, but finally took the throne in spring 569 (as Emperor Xuan). He honored Grand Empress Dowager Zhang as 1883:. Chen Geng eliminated separatist forces within the empire and reformed the former Liang's policies, making the dynasty more stable. Over time, the economy of major cities was restored. 3182:

More than fifty percent of Tuoba Xianbei princesses of the Northern Wei were married to southern Han Chinese men from the imperial families and aristocrats from southern China of the

1975:, and they had a son Chen Zhize. During his reign, important matters were also trusted to his uncle Chen Xu, as well as Kong, Dao Zhongju (到仲舉), Yuan Shu (袁樞), and Liu Shizhi (劉師知). 1828:

the Prince of Yongjia, and Wang Min (王珉), the son of the key official Wang Chong (王沖), as hostages, permitting Northern Qi forces to withdraw, and Xu and Ren withdrew with them.

3245: 2190:). Meanwhile, despite the fact that Chen Shubao was still supposed to be in mourning period for Emperor Xuan, he was spending much time in feasting. When the official Mao Xi ( 1912:, the Prince of Ancheng. In 563, Emperor Wen himself began to offer sacrifices to Chen Daotan using ceremonies due to an emperor, but never honored his father as an emperor. 1607:

had been granted the title of "Prince of Chen", and on taking the throne he followed the Chinese practice of using his former princely title as the name of the new dynasty.

1956:(Emperor Xuan). Both Chen Bozong and Chen Xu were also very effective and capable rulers who further strengthened and expanded the state, rivaling and even defeating the 2415:(Vietnam). From 590 to 618, the short-lived Sui dynasty experienced numerous rebellions, not just from the former Chen territory, but also the Wang, Liu, and Li clans. 531: 506: 2011:

Chen Shubao crown emperor. Emperor Wen's sons continued to have honored positions as imperial princes and held key posts, but none had particularly high power.

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ordered that his guards, whenever they were to change shifts, should throw their shift plates on the stone steps so that they would be loud enough to wake him.

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emperor instead (as Emperor Xuan). Wang and Chen refused to recognize Emperor Xuan; instead, in spring 555, they welcomed Emperor Yuan's 11-year-old son

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was the last ruler of the Chen dynasty, and his family held high positions in the Sui royal court. The Sui was an important dynasty for subjugating the

2042:) under siege, and he captured Shouyang in 573, capturing and killing the Northern Qi general in charge of defending the city, the former Liang general 1707:

hostage. After Jiankang's fall, Hou, who had initially claimed that he wanted to restore Northern Wei's imperial clan to power, from the control of the

3799: 3769: 3870: 2297:) the Marquess of Yihuang with the people of Jiangling. Chen Shubao accepted the surrender and made Xiao Yan and Xiao Huan provincial governors. 3561: 2227:), having those officials and ladies in waiting sing or write poetry to praise his concubines' beauty. Two of the particularly known songs, 3865: 3850: 2477:

to return Chen Chang and Chen Xu, and while Northern Zhou promised to do so, they would actually not be returned in Emperor Wu's lifetime.

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When Emperor Xuan died, Northern Zhou's successor state, the Sui dynasty, had been attacking, but upon hearing about Emperor Xuan's death,

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rose against Yang, and he was joined by the generals Sima Xiaonan (司馬消難) and Wang Qian (王謙). Sima, the governor of Xun Province (勛州, Chen

1730:), pledging support and loyalty to Xiao Yi, then commonly viewed as the leader of the remaining Liang provinces not under Hou's control. 472: 1498: 1438: 49: 1550: 2285:

officials Xiao Yan (蕭巖, Emperor Jing's uncle) and Xiao Huan (蕭瓛, Emperor Jing's brother), in fear that the Sui general Cui Hongdu (

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a former high-ranked Liang general, took the initiative to establish a new empire in Southern China: the Chen dynasty. Its founder

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had other ideas, and he sent his brother Gao Huan (高渙) the Prince of Shangdang to command an army to escort Emperor Yuan's cousin

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In spring 583, displeased that Chen Shujian was becoming overly powerful, Chen Shubao, encouraged by his associates Kong Fan (

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launched a major attack on Northern Qi, quickly capturing, in succession, Northern Qi's secondary capital Jinyang (晉陽, Chen

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During the Tang, numerous members of the former Chen family became high-ranked officials in the Tang court, with some like

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tried to suppress the rebellions in the early 590s, but eventually the Sui collapsed, and Yang Su's sons were executed.

2291:) was actually intending to attack the Western Liang capital Jiangling, surrendered to Chen Shubao's cousin Chen Huiji ( 3453: 3394: 3378: 3362: 622: 2180:) to remove him from power. He subsequently kept Chen Shujian at the capital by promoting him to the honorary post of 3696: 3478: 2003:

instead, while Emperor Wen's wife Empress Dowager Shen became known as Empress Wen. He created his wife Princess Liu

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convinced Chen Shubao that he should be allowed to engage Heruo, despite opposition from the general Ren Zhong (

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skepticism about such a peace holding, agreed, and sent his nephew Chen Tanlang (陳曇朗), Emperor Yuan's grandson

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who defected and moved north to join the Northern Wei. Tuoba Xianbei Princess Nanyang (南阳长公主) was married to

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Once Chen Baxian became emperor he immediately took steps to officially sanction Buddhism, as he displayed a

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Jiankang, the capital, was an important cultural, political and religious center, attracting businessmen and

2278: 2089: 1776: 1524: 1465: 1391: 1326: 252: 2081:) under siege, and Emperor Xuan was confident that Wu would soon be able to capture the region south of the 1940:

Emperor Wen further solidified and unified the territory of Chen, helping the economy recover and flourish.

1546: 1401: 2274:), instead ambushed Li and killed him, starting a rebellion. However, Zhang was soon defeated and killed. 1788:, who had been serving in the imperial administration, were captured and taken to the Western Wei capital 3855: 3845: 3817: 2282: 2050: 1972: 1453: 1210: 591: 3744: 3446:

Ancient and Early Medieval Chinese Literature (vol.3 & 4): A Reference Guide, Part Three & Four

1820:. Soon, Chen defeated Wei and Wei surrendered, and Chen returned to Jiankang, leaving Zhou to face Du. 1458: 1852:, his deceased wife Lady Qian empress, and his deceased son Chen Ke crown prince. He created his wife 2203:

In 584, Chen Shubao built three particularly luxurious pavilions within his palace—Linchun Pavilion (

2196:) tried to persuade him to change his ways, Chen Shubao demoted Mao and sent him out of the capital. 1484: 1421: 1386: 959: 655: 565: 1165: 2142:

Initially, Chen Shubao was still recovering from his injuries, and Empress Dowager Liu governed as

1723: 1704: 1155: 804: 3270: 2313:. Reports from the upper Yangtze, however, were being suppressed by Shi Wenqing and Shen Keqing ( 1596: 1381: 2026:

quick gains against Northern Qi, and by summer 573 had gained most of the territory between the

1762:. At times, when Xiao Yi summoned Wang on campaigns, Wang would put Chen in charge of Jiankang. 1664:), Chen defeated Lý Thiên Bảo. Emperor Wu made Chen the governor of Gaoyao Commandery (高要, Chen 3129: 1433: 1411: 1396: 882: 601: 111: 3607: 2014:

In fall 569, Emperor Xuan, suspicious that Ouyang He (歐陽紇) the governor of Guang Province (廣州

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general Ouyang Wei (歐陽頠), and Xiao Bo was killed by his own generals. At the same time,

3183: 3140: 3052: 3039: 2769: 2520: 2401: 2380:. The Sui destroyed the Northern Zhou and eventually absorbed the Chen dynasty in 589. 2150: 2100: 2043: 1837: 1562: 1416: 596: 360: 3233: 3675: 3646: 3613: 3586: 3474: 3449: 2306: 1700:), rebelled and in 549 captured Jiankang, taking Emperor Wu of Liang and his son and 1344: 912: 892: 667: 3563:

Divorce and the Divorced Woman in Early Medieval China (First through Sixth Century)

2309:, and Yang Su, and with Yang Guang in overall command of the operation, assisted by 3805: 3493: 3293: 2510: 1879:

In 559, Chen Baxian fell ill, and the throne was passed to his nephew Chen Geng or

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In summer 580, Northern Zhou's Emperor Xuan died suddenly, and his father-in-law

2000: 1887: 1853: 221: 120: 1599:) occurred. The insurrection caused the downfall and ruin of the Liang. In 557, 3703: 3357: 3331: 3262: 2455: 925: 842: 71: 3834: 3813: 3791: 2474: 2385: 2027: 2008: 1957: 1909: 1800: 1739: 1588: 1558: 715: 682: 511: 241: 164: 3775: 3689: 3429: 3310: 3287: 3204: 2485: 2432: 2351: 2093: 2082: 1917: 1901: 1868: 1701: 1697: 1571: 1290: 1266: 1253: 1240: 1184: 1143: 1081: 795: 785: 762: 1758:). For the next two years, Chen fought several border battles against the 1672:) as well as the commander of the forces of the surrounding commanderies. 1620: 63: 55: 3809: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3504: 3304: 3187: 3012: 2604: 2594: 2481: 2416: 2408: 2381: 2377: 2120: 2108: 1996: 1992: 1961: 1949: 1926: 1905: 1825: 1789: 1771: 1759: 1693: 1632: 1628: 1604: 1600: 1566: 1197: 1068: 902: 870: 857: 691: 524: 453: 408: 177: 131: 3200: 3026: 2894: 2470: 2439: 2268:), accused of corruption and on the verge of being replaced by Li Yun ( 2031: 1922: 949: 738: 285: 190: 3660: 2359: 2310: 2062: 2019: 2015: 1872: 1751: 1711: 1680: 1669: 1645: 3299: 2451: 2428: 2393: 2337: 2320: 2247:), were written to praise the beauties of Consorts Zhang and Kong. 2173: 2035: 1983: 1817: 1743: 1689: 1665: 1652:

instead. In 548, Lý Bôn died of illness, and when Lý Bôn's brother

1592: 336: 326: 274: 1864: 2420: 2412: 2389: 2341: 2177: 2154: 2112: 2078: 2066: 2054: 2004: 1894: 1849: 1755: 1747: 1738:). By fall 551, he had rendezvoused with Xiao Yi's main general, 1735: 1715: 1661: 1641: 1092: 943: 937: 553: 232: 3718: 3443: 3203:

of Vietnam claim descent from the Chen dynasty, as well as the

2265: 2261: 2143: 2104: 2074: 2058: 1708: 1532: 102: 93: 82: 2172:), made Chen Shujian the governor of Jiang Province (江州, Chen 2134: 3759: 3253: 2466: 2459: 2355: 2324: 2116: 2039: 1845: 1841: 1727: 549: 2034:. By fall 573, Wu put the important city Shouyang (壽陽, Chen 2281:

was at the Sui capital to meet with Sui's Emperor Wen, the

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and annexed most of Northern Qi's territory by spring 577.

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to the south, who had resumed raids against the region of

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succeeded him and attacked Ái Province (愛州, around modern

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wrote about Emperor Wen (referring to Emperor Wen by his

3674:] (in Chinese). Shanghai People's Publishing House. 299:

The Chen dynasty and main contemporary polities in Asia

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Park named in honor of the founding emperor Chen Baxian

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launched an attack on Chen, commanded by the general

3190:(萧宝夤), a Han Chinese member of Southern Qi royalty. 1309: 1231: 1111: 1044: 974: 848: 3529: 3638:Han, Zhaoqi, ed. (2010). "Houses of Chen and Qi". 3585:. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2004. pp. 30–. 3473:. Hong Kong: Macmillan Education Ltd. p. 17. 1614: 16:Last of the Southern Dynasties in China (557–589) 3832: 2336:) crossed the Yangtze from Guangling (廣陵, Chen 1908:, the capital of Western Wei's successor state 2396:to the north and east as well as starting the 3745: 3612:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 166–. 2363: 2345: 2331: 2314: 2292: 2286: 2269: 2255: 2242: 2232: 2222: 2216: 2210: 2204: 2191: 2185: 2167: 2161: 1492: 3605: 3471:A History of South-East Asia, Fourth Edition 2129: 2065:. Soon, he captured the Northern Qi emperor 3752: 3738: 3599: 3444:David R. Knechtges; Taiping Chang (2014). 2350:) crossed the Yangtze at Caishi (采石, Chen 2260:) the governor of Feng Province (豐州, Chen 1499: 1485: 2330:In spring 589, the Sui general Heruo Bi ( 1952:(Emperor Fei), who was then succeeded by 1722:the Prince of Xiangdong, the governor of 2133: 1982: 1863: 1679: 3582:China: Dawn of a Golden Age, 200–750 AD 2376:In the north, a new power emerged, the 3871:6th-century disestablishments in China 3833: 3439: 3437: 3193: 1943: 199: 151: 140: 100: 80: 3733: 3645:(in Chinese). Zhonghua Book Company. 3425: 3423: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3139: 3137: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3051: 3037: 3035: 3025: 3023: 3010: 3008: 2991: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2923: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2893: 2891: 2874: 2872: 2857: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2799: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2681: 2675: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2371: 1886:Emperor Wen honored Empress Zhang as 283: 272: 261: 239: 230: 188: 175: 162: 129: 109: 91: 69: 3659: 3559: 3535: 3468: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3403: 2442:holding powerful political offices. 1545:(南陳 / 南朝陳) in historiography, was a 250: 208: 118: 3866:6th-century establishments in China 3851:Former countries in Chinese history 3637: 3547: 3434: 2484:claimed descent from the legendary 2431:of the Sui dynasty and founded the 1583:Founding and expansion: Chen Baxian 219: 13: 2630:Chen dynasty emperors family tree 2492:Emperors of Chen dynasty (557–589) 2344:), and the Sui general Han Qinhu ( 1561:, the Chen dynasty was founded by 60: 14: 3882: 3711: 3697:History of the Southern Dynasties 3487: 3400: 3717: 3269: 3244: 3232: 3220: 2480:Chen dynasty emperors including 580: 529: 504: 311: 62: 54: 48: 19:For the dynasty of Vietnam, see 3761:Northern and Southern dynasties 3573: 3553: 3518: 2497: 2427:then murdered the last emperor 1978: 1811:Chen initially sent his nephew 1615:Vietnam: Defeating Lý Thiên Bảo 1555:Northern and Southern dynasties 1549:and the fourth and last of the 317:Administrative divisions in 572 3509: 3498: 3462: 3384: 3368: 3350: 2622: 2346: 2293: 2243: 1859: 1797:Emperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi 1541:), alternatively known as the 1537: 1528: 1520: 1439:Science and technology history 1: 3338: 3325:History of Southern Dynasties 3318:History of Northern Dynasties 2279:Emperor Jing of Western Liang 2090:Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou 1948:Emperor Wen was succeeded by 809: 768: 744: 721: 697: 638: 300: 3343: 2407:The Sui also suppressed the 2254:In spring 585, Zhang Dabao ( 7: 3672:History of the Western Zhou 3609:A History of the Vietnamese 3606:K. W. Taylor (9 May 2013). 3281: 3177: 2051:Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou 1973:Empress Wang (Chen dynasty) 1871:portrait of Emperor Wen by 1675: 10: 3887: 3630: 3560:Tang, Qiaomei (May 2016). 3257:from the Yongning Tomb of 3210: 2994:Chen Bozong 陳伯宗 (554?–570) 2445: 2215:), and Wangxian Pavilion ( 1696:(a successor state of the 1577: 18: 3798: 3768: 3307:, a brief successor state 3114: 3112: 3110: 3086: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3074: 3060: 3049: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2955: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2935: 2927: 2925: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2823: 2821: 2813: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2801: 2765:Chen Baxian 陳霸先 (503–559) 2743: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2705: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2364: 2332: 2315: 2287: 2270: 2256: 2233: 2223: 2217: 2211: 2205: 2192: 2186: 2168: 2162: 2130:Last emperor: Chen Shubao 1726:(荊州, central and western 1313: 1235: 1115: 1048: 978: 852: 545: 483: 468: 464: 450: 440: 430: 426: 418: 414: 402: 390: 378: 366: 354: 350: 342: 332: 322: 310: 43: 38: 28: 3667: 3642: 1991:Emperor Chen Xu married 1840:, who controlled modern 1692:, formerly a general of 1547:Chinese imperial dynasty 3448:. BRILL. p. 1580. 1795:At this time, however, 1765: 1742:, at Xunyang (尋陽, Chen 1587:In the twilight of the 2859:Chen Qian 陳蒨 (522–566) 2614:Zhenming (禎明) 587–589 2531:Yongding (永定) 557–559 2139: 1988: 1892:Princess Shen Miaorong 1890:. He created his wife 1876: 1685: 1619:In 541, the people of 1557:period. Following the 442:• Disestablished 409:Emperor Houzhu of Chen 113:FIRST TURKIC KHAGANATE 3861:589 disestablishments 3469:Hall, D.G.E. (1981). 3216:Chen dynasty pictures 3199:The ancestors of the 2591:Taijian (太建) 569–582 2573:Guangda (光大) 566–568 2137: 1986: 1867: 1792:as honored captives. 1683: 1304:(mainland, 1912–1949) 3726:at Wikimedia Commons 3296:, Vietnam golden age 2877:Chen Xu 陈顼 (530–582) 2581:Emperor Xuan of Chen 2553:Tianjia (天嘉) 560–566 1971:Chen Bozong married 397:Emperor Xuan of Chen 3313:, succeeded the Sui 3259:Emperor Wen of Chen 3194:Notable descendants 3020:553–604; r. 582–589 2543:Emperor Wen of Chen 2303:Emperor Yang of Sui 2277:In fall 587, while 2209:), Jieqi Pavilion ( 2166:) and Shi Wenqing ( 1944:Emperor Chen Bozong 1881:Emperor Wen of Chen 1593:Houjing Disturbance 1517:traditional Chinese 432:• Established 385:Emperor Fei of Chen 373:Emperor Wen of Chen 3856:557 establishments 3846:Dynasties of China 3800:Southern dynasties 3770:Northern dynasties 3550:, pp. 2776–7. 3276:Emperor Wu of Chen 3184:Southern dynasties 2612:Zhide (至德) 583–586 2555:Tiankang (天康) 566 2521:Emperor Wu of Chen 2402:Consort Chen (Wen) 2372:Sui-Tang dynasties 2151:Emperor Wen of Sui 2140: 1989: 1877: 1686: 1658:Thanh Hóa Province 1551:Southern dynasties 1525:simplified Chinese 1319: 1129:Five Dynasties and 1121: 1056:Southern dynasties 984: 883:Chu–Han Contention 875:(206 BCE – 220 CE) 361:Emperor Wu of Chen 3828: 3827: 3722:Media related to 3681:978-7-208-04538-5 3652:978-7-101-07272-3 3619:978-0-521-87586-8 3592:978-1-58839-126-1 3172: 3171: 3168: 3167: 3146: 3135: 3046: 3033: 3021: 3005: 2995: 2901: 2888: 2878: 2870: 2860: 2776: 2766: 2620: 2619: 2469:believed to be a 2229:Yushu Houting Hua 1627:) rebelled under 1509: 1508: 1466:Transport history 1392:Education history 1364: 1363: 1359: 1358: 1345:Republic of China 1327:People's Republic 1300:Republic of China 1279: 1278: 1228: 1227: 1223: 1222: 1108: 1107: 1041: 1040: 1036: 1035: 972: 971: 805:Spring and Autumn 668:Liao civilization 559: 558: 541: 540: 537: 536: 517: 516: 181: 168: 3878: 3754: 3747: 3740: 3731: 3730: 3721: 3685: 3656: 3624: 3623: 3603: 3597: 3596: 3577: 3571: 3570: 3568: 3557: 3551: 3545: 3539: 3533: 3527: 3522: 3516: 3513: 3507: 3502: 3496: 3491: 3485: 3484: 3466: 3460: 3459: 3441: 3432: 3427: 3398: 3388: 3382: 3372: 3366: 3354: 3273: 3248: 3236: 3224: 3144: 3133: 3047: 3044: 3031: 3019: 3006: 3003: 2993: 2899: 2889: 2886: 2876: 2868: 2858: 2777: 2774: 2764: 2651: 2636: 2635: 2627: 2626: 2507:Period of reigns 2496: 2495: 2367: 2366: 2349: 2348: 2335: 2334: 2318: 2317: 2296: 2295: 2290: 2289: 2273: 2272: 2259: 2258: 2246: 2245: 2236: 2235: 2226: 2225: 2220: 2219: 2214: 2213: 2208: 2207: 2195: 2194: 2189: 2188: 2171: 2170: 2165: 2164: 2103:seized power as 1921:, the historian 1650:guerilla warfare 1625:northern Vietnam 1539: 1530: 1522: 1501: 1494: 1487: 1429:Military history 1387:Economic history 1375:Related articles 1352: 1334: 1316: 1315: 1311: 1310: 1305: 1272: 1259: 1246: 1233: 1232: 1216: 1203: 1190: 1171: 1161: 1149: 1136: 1118: 1117: 1113: 1112: 1097: 1087: 1074: 1061: 1046: 1045: 1029: 1024:Sixteen Kingdoms 1007: 997: 981: 980: 976: 975: 965: 931: 918: 908: 898: 897:(202 BCE – 9 CE) 888: 876: 863: 850: 849: 828: 820: 818: 814: 811: 801: 791: 779: 777: 773: 770: 755: 753: 749: 746: 732: 730: 726: 723: 708: 706: 702: 699: 649: 647: 643: 640: 584: 574:History of China 561: 560: 533: 532: 521: 520: 508: 507: 501: 500: 485: 484: 315: 305: 302: 292: 290: 281: 279: 270: 268: 259: 257: 248: 246: 237: 235: 228: 226: 217: 215: 206: 204: 197: 195: 186: 184: 179: 173: 171: 166: 160: 158: 149: 147: 138: 136: 127: 125: 116: 114: 107: 105: 98: 96: 89: 87: 78: 76: 67: 66: 58: 52: 26: 25: 3886: 3885: 3881: 3880: 3879: 3877: 3876: 3875: 3831: 3830: 3829: 3824: 3794: 3764: 3758: 3714: 3709: 3682: 3669: 3653: 3644: 3633: 3628: 3627: 3620: 3604: 3600: 3593: 3579: 3578: 3574: 3566: 3558: 3554: 3546: 3542: 3534: 3530: 3523: 3519: 3514: 3510: 3503: 3499: 3492: 3488: 3481: 3467: 3463: 3456: 3442: 3435: 3428: 3401: 3389: 3385: 3373: 3369: 3355: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3284: 3277: 3274: 3265: 3249: 3240: 3237: 3228: 3225: 3213: 3196: 3180: 3174: 3054: 3042: 3038: 3029: 3018: 3015: 3001: 2996: 2992: 2897: 2884: 2879: 2875: 2866: 2861: 2772: 2767: 2763: 2750:Chen Daotan 陈道谭 2649: 2647: 2625: 2613: 2554: 2500:Posthumous name 2494: 2448: 2374: 2132: 2107:. The generals 2088:In winter 579, 2049:In winter 576, 2001:empress dowager 1981: 1946: 1888:empress dowager 1862: 1768: 1688:In summer 548, 1678: 1623:Province (Chen 1617: 1591:(548–557), the 1585: 1580: 1505: 1476: 1475: 1471:Women's history 1377: 1376: 1367: 1366: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1348: 1337: 1332: 1328: 1308: 1303: 1294: 1293: 1282: 1281: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1262: 1257: 1249: 1244: 1230: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1206: 1201: 1193: 1188: 1180: 1174: 1169: 1159: 1147: 1139: 1134: 1130: 1110: 1109: 1104: 1095: 1085: 1077: 1072: 1064: 1059: 1055: 1043: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1019: 1016: 1010: 1005: 995: 973: 968: 963: 955: 929: 921: 916: 906: 896: 886: 874: 866: 861: 846: 845: 834: 833: 826: 816: 812: 807: 799: 789: 775: 771: 766: 758: 751: 747: 742: 729: 1046 BCE 728: 724: 719: 711: 705: 1600 BCE 704: 700: 695: 686: 685: 674: 673: 646: 2000 BCE 645: 641: 636: 628: 617: 616: 552: 530: 505: 476: 460:16 December 604 457: 446:10 February 589 443: 436:16 November 557 433: 405: 404:• 582–589 393: 392:• 569–582 381: 380:• 566–568 369: 368:• 559–566 357: 356:• 557–559 318: 306: 303: 297: 296: 295: 294: 293: 288: 286: 284: 282: 277: 275: 273: 271: 264: 262: 260: 255:Paleo-Siberians 253: 251: 249: 242: 240: 238: 233: 231: 229: 224: 222: 220: 218: 213: 211: 209: 207: 202: 200: 198: 191: 189: 187: 182: 178: 176: 174: 169: 165: 163: 161: 156: 154: 152: 150: 145: 143: 141: 139: 134: 132: 130: 128: 123: 121: 119: 117: 112: 110: 108: 103: 101: 99: 94: 92: 90: 85: 83: 81: 79: 72: 70: 68: 61: 59: 34: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3884: 3874: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3826: 3825: 3804: 3802: 3796: 3795: 3774: 3772: 3766: 3765: 3757: 3756: 3749: 3742: 3734: 3728: 3727: 3713: 3712:External links 3710: 3708: 3707: 3704:Zizhi Tongjian 3700: 3693: 3686: 3680: 3657: 3651: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3626: 3625: 3618: 3598: 3591: 3572: 3552: 3540: 3538:, p. 121. 3528: 3517: 3508: 3497: 3486: 3479: 3461: 3455:978-9004271852 3454: 3433: 3399: 3391:Zizhi Tongjian 3383: 3375:Zizhi Tongjian 3367: 3358:Zizhi Tongjian 3348: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3336: 3335: 3332:Zizhi Tongjian 3328: 3321: 3314: 3308: 3302: 3297: 3291: 3290:, Zhou dynasty 3283: 3280: 3279: 3278: 3275: 3268: 3266: 3263:Qixia District 3250: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3219: 3217: 3212: 3209: 3208: 3207: 3195: 3192: 3179: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3138: 3136: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3050: 3048: 3036: 3034: 3024: 3022: 3009: 3007: 2989: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2892: 2890: 2873: 2871: 2855: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 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1684:Emperor Baxian 1677: 1674: 1616: 1613: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1507: 1506: 1504: 1503: 1496: 1489: 1481: 1478: 1477: 1474: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1462: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1425: 1424: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1402:Jewish history 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1378: 1374: 1373: 1372: 1369: 1368: 1362: 1361: 1357: 1356: 1354: 1353: 1340: 1338: 1336: 1335: 1333:(1949–present) 1322: 1320: 1314: 1307: 1306: 1295: 1289: 1288: 1287: 1284: 1283: 1277: 1276: 1274: 1273: 1261: 1260: 1248: 1247: 1236: 1226: 1225: 1221: 1220: 1218: 1217: 1207: 1204: 1194: 1191: 1181: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1172: 1162: 1151: 1150: 1138: 1137: 1124: 1122: 1116: 1106: 1105: 1103: 1102: 1101: 1100: 1099: 1098: 1076: 1075: 1063: 1062: 1049: 1039: 1038: 1034: 1033: 1031: 1030: 1020: 1017: 1013: 1011: 1009: 1008: 998: 987: 985: 979: 970: 969: 967: 966: 954: 953: 933: 932: 926:Three Kingdoms 920: 919: 909: 899: 889: 878: 877: 865: 864: 853: 847: 841: 840: 839: 836: 835: 832: 831: 830: 829: 824:Warring States 821: 817: 476 BCE 792: 790:(1046–771 BCE) 781: 780: 776: 256 BCE 757: 756: 734: 733: 710: 709: 687: 681: 680: 679: 676: 675: 672: 671: 651: 650: 627: 626: 618: 612: 611: 610: 607: 606: 605: 604: 602:Historiography 599: 594: 586: 585: 577: 576: 570: 569: 557: 556: 547: 543: 542: 539: 538: 535: 534: 527: 518: 515: 514: 509: 497: 496: 491: 481: 480: 470: 466: 465: 462: 461: 458: 451: 448: 447: 444: 441: 438: 437: 434: 431: 428: 427: 424: 423: 420: 416: 415: 412: 411: 406: 403: 400: 399: 394: 391: 388: 387: 382: 379: 376: 375: 370: 367: 364: 363: 358: 355: 352: 351: 348: 347: 344: 340: 339: 334: 330: 329: 324: 320: 319: 316: 308: 307: 298: 53: 47: 46: 45: 44: 41: 40: 36: 35: 32: 29: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3883: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3838: 3836: 3823: 3819: 3818:Western Liang 3815: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3792:Northern Zhou 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3771: 3767: 3762: 3755: 3750: 3748: 3743: 3741: 3736: 3735: 3732: 3725: 3720: 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2771: 2748: 2745: 2729: 2727: 2726: 2703: 2695: 2693: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2637: 2634: 2633: 2629: 2628: 2616: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2560: 2557: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2540: 2537: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2518: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2504:Personal name 2503: 2501: 2498: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2478: 2476: 2475:Northern Zhou 2472: 2468: 2463: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2443: 2441: 2436: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2405: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2369: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2343: 2339: 2328: 2326: 2322: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2298: 2284: 2283:Western Liang 2280: 2275: 2267: 2263: 2252: 2248: 2240: 2230: 2201: 2197: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2158: 2156: 2152: 2147: 2145: 2136: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2097: 2095: 2091: 2086: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2070: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2047: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2028:Yangtze River 2023: 2021: 2017: 2012: 2010: 2009:heir apparent 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1985: 1976: 1974: 1969: 1965: 1963: 1959: 1958:Northern Zhou 1955: 1951: 1941: 1936: 1932: 1931: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1919: 1913: 1911: 1910:Northern Zhou 1907: 1903: 1900: 1896: 1893: 1889: 1884: 1882: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1857: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1833: 1829: 1827: 1821: 1819: 1814: 1809: 1805: 1802: 1801:Xiao Yuanming 1798: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1782: 1778: 1773: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1740:Wang Sengbian 1737: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1724:Jing Province 1721: 1717: 1713: 1710: 1706: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1682: 1673: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1637: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1612: 1608: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1589:Liang dynasty 1575: 1573: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1559:Liang dynasty 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1543:Southern Chen 1540: 1534: 1526: 1518: 1514: 1502: 1497: 1495: 1490: 1488: 1483: 1482: 1480: 1479: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1441: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1434:Naval history 1432: 1430: 1427: 1423: 1420: 1419: 1418: 1417:Music history 1415: 1413: 1412:Media history 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1397:Legal history 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1379: 1371: 1370: 1351:1949–present) 1347: 1346: 1342: 1341: 1339: 1331: 1330: 1324: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1317: 1312: 1302: 1301: 1297: 1296: 1292: 1286: 1285: 1269: 1268: 1264: 1263: 1256: 1255: 1251: 1250: 1243: 1242: 1238: 1237: 1234: 1213: 1212: 1208: 1205: 1200: 1199: 1195: 1192: 1187: 1186: 1182: 1179: 1178: 1176: 1168: 1167: 1166:Southern Song 1163: 1158: 1157: 1156:Northern Song 1153: 1152: 1146: 1145: 1141: 1140: 1133: 1132: 1126: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1119: 1114: 1094: 1091: 1090: 1089: 1088: 1084: 1083: 1079: 1078: 1071: 1070: 1066: 1065: 1058: 1057: 1051: 1050: 1047: 1026: 1025: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1014: 1012: 1004: 1003: 999: 994: 993: 989: 988: 986: 983: 982: 977: 962: 961: 957: 956: 952: 951: 946: 945: 940: 939: 935: 934: 928: 927: 923: 922: 915: 914: 910: 905: 904: 900: 895: 894: 890: 887:(206–202 BCE) 885: 884: 880: 879: 873: 872: 868: 867: 862:(221–207 BCE) 860: 859: 855: 854: 851: 844: 838: 837: 827:(475–221 BCE) 825: 822: 806: 803: 802: 800:(771–256 BCE) 798: 797: 793: 788: 787: 783: 782: 765: 764: 760: 759: 741: 740: 736: 735: 718: 717: 713: 712: 694: 693: 689: 688: 684: 678: 677: 670: 669: 664: 663: 658: 657: 653: 652: 635: 634: 630: 629: 625: 624: 620: 619: 615: 609: 608: 603: 600: 598: 595: 593: 590: 589: 588: 587: 583: 579: 578: 575: 572: 571: 567: 563: 562: 555: 551: 548: 546:Today part of 544: 528: 526: 523: 522: 519: 513: 512:Liang dynasty 510: 503: 502: 499: 498: 495: 492: 490: 487: 486: 482: 479: 474: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 449: 445: 439: 435: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 410: 407: 401: 398: 395: 389: 386: 383: 377: 374: 371: 365: 362: 359: 353: 349: 345: 341: 338: 335: 331: 328: 325: 321: 314: 309: 291: 280: 269: 267: 258: 256: 247: 245: 236: 227: 216: 205: 196: 194: 185: 172: 159: 148: 137: 126: 115: 106: 97: 88: 77: 75: 65: 57: 51: 42: 37: 27: 22: 3841:Chen dynasty 3821: 3776:Northern Wei 3724:Chen dynasty 3702: 3695: 3690:Book of Chen 3688: 3671: 3664: 3639: 3608: 3601: 3581: 3575: 3562: 3555: 3543: 3531: 3520: 3511: 3500: 3494:Book of Tang 3489: 3470: 3464: 3445: 3430:Book of Chen 3390: 3386: 3374: 3370: 3356: 3352: 3330: 3323: 3316: 3311:Tang dynasty 3294:Trần dynasty 3288:Chen (state) 3252: 3205:Chen (state) 3181: 3173: 3011: 3004:(r. 566–568) 2997: 2887:(r. 569–582) 2880: 2869:(r. 559–566) 2862: 2775:(r. 557–559) 2768: 2648:Chen Wenzan 2536:Zhang Yao'er 2525:Chen Baxian 2486:Emperor Shun 2479: 2464: 2449: 2437: 2433:Tang dynasty 2406: 2375: 2329: 2299: 2276: 2253: 2249: 2238: 2228: 2202: 2198: 2181: 2159: 2148: 2141: 2125: 2098: 2094:Wei Xiaokuan 2087: 2083:Yellow River 2071: 2048: 2024: 2013: 1990: 1979:Emperor Xuan 1970: 1966: 1947: 1939: 1933: 1918:Book of Chen 1916: 1914: 1902:crown prince 1897:and her son 1885: 1878: 1869:Tang dynasty 1854:Zhang Yao'er 1844:and eastern 1834: 1830: 1822: 1810: 1806: 1794: 1781:Xiao Fangzhi 1769: 1732: 1702:crown prince 1698:Northern Wei 1687: 1654:Lý Thiên Bảo 1638: 1618: 1609: 1586: 1542: 1536: 1513:Chen dynasty 1512: 1510: 1407:LGBT history 1343: 1325: 1298: 1265: 1252: 1239: 1209: 1196: 1183: 1164: 1154: 1142: 1131:Ten Kingdoms 1127: 1080: 1067: 1054:Northern and 1052: 1022: 1000: 990: 958: 948: 942: 936: 930:(220–280 CE) 924: 911: 901: 891: 881: 869: 856: 796:Eastern Zhou 794: 786:Western Zhou 784: 761: 737: 714: 690: 666: 660: 654: 631: 621: 494:Succeeded by 493: 488: 478:Chinese cash 473:Chinese coin 265: 254: 243: 201: 192: 73: 21:Trần dynasty 3810:Southern Qi 3788:Northern Qi 3784:Eastern Wei 3780:Western Wei 3665:Xi Zhou Shi 3505:Book of Sui 3305:Sui dynasty 3261:(ca. 566). 3239:Chen Bozong 3188:Xiao Baoyin 3053:Emperor Wen 3013:Chen Shubao 2623:Family tree 2605:Chen Shubao 2595:Liu Jingyan 2566:Chen Bozong 2482:Chen Baxian 2454:monks from 2409:Rau peoples 2398:Grand Canal 2382:Chen Shubao 2378:Sui dynasty 2239:Linchun Yue 2200:his posts. 2121:Sui dynasty 2109:Yuchi Jiong 1997:Chen Shubao 1993:Liu Jingyan 1962:Northern Qi 1950:Chen Bozong 1927:temple name 1899:Chen Bozong 1860:Emperor Wen 1826:Xiao Zhuang 1772:Western Wei 1760:Northern Qi 1694:Eastern Wei 1633:Du Sengming 1605:Chen Baxian 1601:Chen Baxian 1574:dynasties. 1567:Sui dynasty 1563:Chen Baxian 1553:during the 1454:Discoveries 1449:Cartography 1444:Archaeology 1382:Art history 1271:(1644–1912) 1258:(1368–1644) 1245:(1271–1368) 1215:(1115–1234) 1202:(1038–1227) 1198:Western Xia 1170:(1127–1279) 1002:Eastern Jin 992:Western Jin 917:(25–220 CE) 913:Eastern Han 893:Western Han 772: 1046 752: 1046 748: 1250 725: 1600 701: 2070 642: 8500 623:Paleolithic 614:Prehistoric 525:Sui dynasty 489:Preceded by 454:Chen Shubao 3835:Categories 3661:Yang, Kuan 3525:藝術與建築索引典—陳 3339:References 3201:Ho dynasty 3027:Chen Shuda 2895:Chen Chang 2547:Chen Qian 2440:Chen Shuda 2386:East Tujue 2032:Huai River 1987:Emperor Xu 1923:Yao Silian 1459:Inventions 1189:(916–1125) 1160:(960–1127) 1148:(960–1279) 815: – c. 813: 770 774: – c. 750: – c. 739:Late Shang 727: – c. 703: – c. 644: – c. 333:Government 304: 576 193:ZHANGZHUNG 3763:(420–589) 3536:Yang 2003 3344:Citations 3141:Chen Yuan 2900:(537–560) 2511:Era names 2360:Xiao Mohe 2352:Ma'anshan 2311:Gao Jiong 2101:Yang Jian 2020:Guangdong 2016:Guangzhou 1873:Yan Liben 1856:empress. 1813:Chen Qian 1752:Zhenjiang 1712:Gao Cheng 1705:Xiao Gang 1670:Guangdong 1646:Guangdong 1621:Giao Châu 1538:Chén Cháo 1135:(907–979) 1096:(690–705) 1086:(618–907) 1073:(581–618) 1060:(420–589) 1028:(304–439) 1006:(317–420) 996:(266–316) 964:(266–420) 907:(9–23 CE) 633:Neolithic 597:Dynasties 456:'s death 225:KHAGANATE 212:BYZANTINE 3806:Liu Song 3663:(2003). 3548:Han 2010 3395:vol. 180 3379:vol. 177 3363:vol. 167 3300:Chen Han 3282:See also 3178:Marriage 3130:Chen Yin 3040:Ningyuan 2609:583–589 2588:569–582 2585:Chen Xu 2570:566–568 2550:559–566 2534:Consort 2528:557–559 2515:Empress 2452:Buddhist 2429:Yang You 2419:general 2394:Goguryeo 2338:Yangzhou 2321:Changsha 2307:Yang Jun 2174:Jiujiang 2044:Wang Lin 2030:and the 2007:and his 1929:Shizu): 1906:Chang'an 1838:Wang Lin 1818:Hou Andu 1790:Chang'an 1777:Xiao Cha 1770:In 554, 1744:Jiujiang 1690:Hou Jing 1676:Hou Jing 1666:Zhaoqing 1422:Timeline 1349:(Taiwan, 1329:of China 843:Imperial 592:Timeline 566:a series 564:Part of 469:Currency 337:Monarchy 327:Jiankang 122:SASANIAN 3631:Sources 3211:Gallery 3045:577–605 2446:Culture 2425:Li Yuan 2421:Yang Su 2413:Jiaozhi 2390:Tuyuhun 2342:Jiangsu 2178:Jiangxi 2155:Yangtze 2113:Xiaogan 2079:Jiangsu 2067:Gao Wei 2063:Yecheng 2055:Taiyuan 2005:empress 1954:Chen Xu 1915:In the 1895:empress 1850:empress 1786:Chen Xu 1756:Jiangsu 1748:Jiangxi 1736:Jiangxi 1720:Xiao Yi 1716:Guangxi 1662:Vietnam 1642:Jiangxi 1578:History 1093:Wu Zhou 683:Ancient 662:Yangtze 554:Vietnam 452:• 419:History 343:Emperor 323:Capital 244:Khitans 234:TUYUHUN 74:Kyrgyzs 39:557–589 3678: 3649: 3616: 3589: 3515:《玉台新咏》 3477: 3452: 3055:of Sui 2471:Buddha 2392:, and 2305:) and 2266:Fujian 2262:Fuzhou 2237:) and 2182:Sikong 2144:regent 2105:regent 2075:Xuzhou 2059:Shanxi 1709:regent 1629:Lý Bôn 1535:: 1533:pinyin 1527:: 1519:: 1291:Modern 947:, and 665:, and 656:Yellow 568:on the 422: 346: 287:TOCHA- 266:Tungus 214:EMPIRE 180:NORTH. 167:NORTH. 157:GUPTAS 144:CHALU- 133:ALCHON 124:EMPIRE 104:CHENLA 3814:Liang 3670:[ 3640:Shiji 3567:(PDF) 3254:pixiu 3145:b.575 3134:b.573 3043:寧遠公主 3032:d.635 2467:relic 2460:India 2356:Anhui 2325:Hunan 2234:玉樹後庭花 2117:Hubei 2040:Anhui 2036:Lu'an 1846:Hubei 1842:Hunan 1728:Hubei 716:Shang 550:China 289:RIANS 276:GOGU- 155:LATER 84:CHAM- 3822:Chen 3820:) → 3790:) → 3676:ISBN 3647:ISBN 3614:ISBN 3587:ISBN 3475:ISBN 3450:ISBN 3030:陳叔達 3017:陈叔宝 2882:Xuan 2650:陈文赞 2458:and 1960:and 1766:Rise 1644:and 1597:侯景之乱 1572:Tang 1511:The 1267:Qing 1254:Ming 1241:Yuan 1185:Liao 1144:Song 1082:Tang 763:Zhou 754:BCE) 278:RYEO 223:AVAR 203:CHEN 170:ZHOU 146:KYAS 135:HUNS 30:Chen 3778:→ ( 3668:西周史 3143:陳渊 3132:陳胤 2999:Fei 2898:陳昌 2864:Wen 2417:Sui 2347:韓擒虎 2333:賀若弼 2316:沈客卿 2294:陳慧紀 2288:崔弘度 2257:章大寶 2244:臨春樂 2218:望仙閣 2212:結綺閣 2206:臨春閣 2169:施文慶 1211:Jin 1069:Sui 960:Jin 944:Shu 938:Wei 903:Xin 871:Han 858:Qin 692:Xia 95:576 3837:: 3812:→ 3808:→ 3786:→ 3782:| 3643:史记 3436:^ 3402:^ 3393:, 3377:, 3361:, 3251:A 2770:Wu 2601:– 2562:– 2488:. 2435:. 2404:. 2388:, 2365:任忠 2354:, 2340:, 2323:, 2271:李暈 2264:, 2224:王瑳 2193:毛喜 2187:司空 2176:, 2163:孔範 2157:. 2123:. 2115:, 2077:, 2057:, 2038:, 2018:, 1964:. 1754:, 1746:, 1668:, 1660:, 1531:; 1529:陈朝 1523:; 1521:陳朝 950:Wu 941:, 810:c. 769:c. 745:c. 722:c. 698:c. 659:, 639:c. 301:c. 183:QI 86:PA 3816:( 3753:e 3746:t 3739:v 3684:. 3655:. 3622:. 3595:. 3483:. 3458:. 3397:. 3381:. 3365:. 2241:( 2231:( 2184:( 1875:. 1595:( 1515:( 1500:e 1493:t 1486:v 819:) 808:( 778:) 767:( 743:( 731:) 720:( 707:) 696:( 648:) 637:( 475:, 33:陳 23:.

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