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Cheng Hao

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Hao was known as an outgoing, laid-back, and lively man, in contrast to his stern and severe younger brother. As Neo-Confucianism's popularity grew throughout the early second millennium AD, the two
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Wilson, Thomas A.. 1996. “The Ritual Formation of Confucian Orthodoxy and the Descendants of the Sage”. The Journal of Asian Studies 55 (3). : 559–84. doi:10.2307/2646446.
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upon his own intellect; in the case of not arriving at sage-hood but upon his own intellect, all is lost." Hao died in 1085 at the age of fifty-three.
594: 661:) was still young at the time and was unable to return to Luoyang, so he was forced to grow up in Huangpi instead. He later became county magistrate ( 706:
Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi were among the pioneers of Song dynasty Neo-Confucianism, and they are often credited with its formal creation along with
855:'s offspring-Zeng Zhicui (曾質粹) 60th generation, in 1622 the offspring of Zhang Zai received the title and in 1630 the offspring of Shao Yong. 1247: 1087: 2360: 1673: 2277: 2001: 1940: 1832: 1447: 983: 3905: 3855: 2129: 1176: 1112: 1667: 1308: 2241: 1204:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248653434_The_Ritual_Formation_of_Confucian_Orthodoxy_and_the_Descendants_of_the_Sage
1126: 2142: 1029: 963: 1569: 1554: 1541: 1506: 1471: 1442: 1151: 637:) to characterize its being the ruler of events" and "in terms of the reality, it is change; in terms of principle, it is 876: 759: 89: 3900: 1574: 61: 3860: 1338: 1240: 108: 633:", "we call it god to emphasize the wonderful mystery of principle in ten thousand things, just as we call it lord ( 3890: 3885: 3822: 2654: 2353: 2216: 1564: 1454: 734:). They dealt extensively with cosmology in their studies, applying Neo-Confucian principles to their studies of 3895: 3880: 3704: 2979: 2975: 2805: 2476: 68: 3865: 1296: 1019: 921: 802: 727: 719: 711: 662: 654: 524: 441: 272: 162: 46: 3875: 3870: 2420: 2102: 1400: 1291: 476: 307: 176: 2502: 1600: 1269: 1233: 75: 3773: 2346: 2061: 1592: 1588: 1514: 1486: 1265: 220: 1427: 2490: 2430: 1476: 1286: 738:. In particular, the brothers identified and applied the principle of Divine or Natural Order, called 42: 1004: 641:; in terms of its function, it is god; in terms of its destiny in a human being, it is human nature". 57: 3135: 2801: 1348: 1924: 1679: 1333: 1301: 887: 3653: 3459: 3283: 2935: 2485: 2186: 1955: 1530: 1363: 1091: 821: 758:). Throughout his life he promoted the view that study and scholarship were means to making men 35: 3795: 683:
and became an entered scholar. He successively served as an administrative clerk in Hu County,
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and several other scholars. The two brothers were sometimes referred to as "The Two Chengs" (
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became known as "The Six Masters of Northern Song" for their philosophical contributions.
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Men of Letters Within the Passes: Guanzhong Literati in Chinese History, 907-1911
798: 131: 126: 750:, the Heavens, as their original and guiding power. Hao established schools at 3817: 3758: 3429: 3298: 3036: 2796: 2148: 1798: 1519: 1481: 1045: 817:". In 1330, an imperial decree made Hao the posthumous "Lord of Yu Kingdom ". 775: 598: 497: 490: 403: 328: 321: 234: 3801: 851:-Zhu Ting (朱梴) 9th generation, in 1456–1457, in 1539 the same was awarded to 3839: 3529: 3449: 3155: 2713: 2708: 2415: 2227: 2221: 2206: 2028: 2016: 1496: 1491: 692: 563: 532: 1059: 839:-Yan Xihui (顔希惠) 59th generation, the same was bestowed on the offspring of 762:, once writing: "The studies of a superior man must arrive at sagacity and 703:
official, a ceremony minister to the military, and various other positions.
679:), at which time his two sons Hao and Yi were born. In 1057 Hao passed the 3812: 3721: 3692: 3570: 3539: 3534: 3519: 3514: 3444: 3354: 3329: 3303: 3233: 3193: 3188: 3180: 3170: 3130: 3100: 3095: 3079: 3074: 3001: 2983: 2965: 2960: 2914: 2549: 2511: 2398: 2393: 2322: 2201: 2176: 2010: 1961: 1810: 1702: 1657: 1652: 1524: 1256: 626: 578: 469: 389: 300: 206: 122: 609:(likewise), chance, etc., and that such a unified, universal principle is 3783: 3544: 3504: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3424: 3369: 3334: 3324: 3308: 3293: 3223: 3218: 3208: 3140: 2940: 2909: 2876: 2816: 2692: 2687: 2659: 2316: 2273: 2166: 2156: 2118: 2107: 1997: 1973: 1847: 1816: 1720: 1647: 1605: 605:(we see things acting, but not the action itself), movement (likewise), 3524: 3494: 3469: 3454: 3419: 3389: 3359: 3344: 3273: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3056: 3041: 3031: 3011: 2891: 2881: 2768: 2743: 2604: 2599: 2554: 2524: 2112: 2069: 1967: 1930: 1900: 1894: 1871: 1853: 1762: 1750: 1726: 1216: 843:-Zhou Mian (週冕) 12th generation, the two Cheng brothers (Cheng Hao and 840: 787: 570: 559: 3584: 1225: 3734: 3509: 3434: 3409: 3394: 3364: 3339: 3268: 3213: 3125: 3115: 3105: 3090: 3051: 3016: 2836: 2738: 2649: 2629: 2584: 2539: 2529: 2338: 2137: 2046: 1991: 1985: 1906: 1768: 1756: 1744: 1738: 1662: 1625: 1615: 783: 779: 616: 586: 566: 434: 265: 24: 3622: 3598: 3439: 3404: 3374: 3278: 3248: 3228: 3203: 3198: 3150: 3021: 2955: 2861: 2821: 2723: 2703: 2644: 2609: 2519: 2298: 2286: 2267: 2191: 2080: 2040: 1912: 1888: 1865: 1822: 1804: 1630: 872: 852: 755: 455: 286: 653:
and died there while in that capacity. Hao's father Cheng Xiang (
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In 1452 Wujing Boshi was bestowed upon the offspring of
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Cheng Hao's offspring held the title of Wujing Boshi (
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In his youth, he and his younger brother 2361: 2347: 1248: 1234: 150: 718:), or individually as "Cheng the Elder" ( 615:everything that is sensible ); among his 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 2260: 1255: 3838: 2368: 2242:Collected Cases of Injustice Rectified 2167:Endless power transmitting chain drive 1175:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 1111:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 1011: 835:-Meng Xiwen (孟希文) 56th generation and 424: 255: 2342: 1229: 1217:https://www.jstor.org/stable/2646446 888:Huangpi Government Website (Chinese) 847:-Chen Keren (程克仁) 17th generation), 691:), as an administrative director in 47:adding citations to reliable sources 18: 877:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 13: 1074:"欽定歷代職官表 : 卷六十六 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃" 14: 3917: 3906:Song dynasty government officials 3856:11th-century Chinese philosophers 797:titles: in 1220 he was given the 1426: 23: 1209: 1197: 1183: 1144: 1119: 1080: 1066: 1052: 1038: 629:and outside things there is no 503: 482: 461: 447: 334: 313: 292: 278: 34:needs additional citations for 1668:Great Bodhisattva of Zhengding 997: 972: 930: 925: 915: 892: 881: 865: 806: 731: 723: 715: 675: 666: 658: 528: 423: 409: 395: 357: 254: 240: 226: 212: 182: 168: 1: 2103:Southern Song dynasty coinage 858: 1127:"●欽定續通典卷三十一 職官九-续通典-四大名著文学网" 958:. Routledge. pp. 494–. 926:"君子之學,必至聖人而後己。不至聖人而自己者,皆棄也。" 7: 1515:Department of State Affairs 726:) and "Cheng the Younger" ( 562:, one of the architects of 10: 3922: 2491:Hundred Schools of Thought 1477:Bureau of Military Affairs 793:Hao also received several 607:social roles and relations 120: 3901:Song dynasty philosophers 3751: 3557: 3317: 3179: 3070: 2974: 2905: 2792: 2683: 2510: 2501: 2376: 2128: 2060: 1881: 1695: 1587: 1540: 1505: 1435: 1424: 1349:Alliance Conducted at Sea 1339:Song–Viet war (1075–1077) 1264: 940: 909: 769: 543: 514: 496: 489: 475: 468: 454: 440: 433: 416: 402: 388: 381: 376: 372: 364: 350: 345: 327: 320: 306: 299: 285: 271: 264: 247: 233: 219: 205: 198: 193: 189: 175: 161: 149: 145: 140: 3861:11th-century politicians 1680:Four Great Books of Song 754:and Songyang (in modern 346:Alternative Chinese name 163:Traditional Chinese 3891:Philosophers from Hubei 3886:Philosophers from Henan 2486:Nine Schools of Thought 1531:Secretariat-Chancellery 1018:Chang Woei Ong (2008). 778:along with Zhou Dunyi, 644: 177:Simplified Chinese 3896:Politicians from Wuhan 3881:Neo-Confucian scholars 3789:State consequentialism 2162:Early Bessemer process 2130:Science and technology 1329:Nong Zhigao rebellions 583:all that is intangible 3866:Chinese Confucianists 2806:Northern and Southern 1550:Ministry of Personnel 1455:Imperial examinations 681:Imperial examinations 3876:Educators from Hubei 3871:Educators from Henan 1686:Dongjing Meng Hua Lu 1460:Administrative units 1334:Song–Tibet relations 1309:Song–Đại Cồ Việt war 579:all that is tangible 531:, 1032–1085), 43:improve this article 2436:School of Diplomacy 2236:Forensic entomology 2197:Watertight bulkhead 2076:Joint-stock company 1570:Ministry of Justice 1555:Ministry of Revenue 1465:Sixteen Prefectures 1191:"Workingyam76的網路日誌" 16:Chinese philosopher 2370:Chinese philosophy 2172:Astronomical clock 1379:Treaty of Shaoxing 801:"Lord of Purity" ( 3833: 3832: 3681:Mandate of Heaven 3553: 3552: 2336: 2335: 2332: 2331: 2251:Dream Pool Essays 2143:Gunpowder weapons 2056: 2055: 1583: 1582: 1575:Ministry of Works 1560:Ministry of Rites 1507:Three Departments 1344:Fang La rebellion 1324:Wang Ze rebellion 1031:978-0-674-03170-8 965:978-1-135-79795-9 558:were students of 518: 517: 510: 509: 442:Yale Romanization 383:Standard Mandarin 341: 340: 273:Yale Romanization 200:Standard Mandarin 119: 118: 111: 93: 3913: 3710:Self-cultivation 3615:Neo-Confucianism 3350:Chung-ying Cheng 2508: 2507: 2409:New Confucianism 2404:Neo-Confucianism 2363: 2356: 2349: 2340: 2339: 2282: 2279: 2258: 2257: 2006: 2005: 1174–1189 2003: 1945: 1944: 1050–1080 1942: 1837: 1836: 1111–1117 1834: 1693: 1692: 1643:Longquan celadon 1611:Five Great Kilns 1503: 1502: 1430: 1250: 1243: 1236: 1227: 1226: 1220: 1213: 1207: 1201: 1195: 1194: 1187: 1181: 1180: 1174: 1166: 1164: 1163: 1154:. 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3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3450:Liang Shuming 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3322: 3320: 3316: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3178: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3156:Wang Yangming 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3088: 3086: 3081: 3078: 3076: 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2207:Tianchi basin 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2151: 2150: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2140: 2139: 2136: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2121: 2120: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2059: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2029:Zhao Mengjian 2027: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2017:Wuzhun Shifan 2015: 2012: 2009: 1999: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1886: 1884: 1880: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1734: 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1315: 1314:Song–Xia wars 1312: 1310: 1307: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1297:Southern Tang 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1284: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1258: 1251: 1246: 1244: 1239: 1237: 1232: 1231: 1228: 1218: 1212: 1205: 1200: 1192: 1186: 1178: 1172: 1158:on 2016-10-23 1157: 1153: 1147: 1133:on 2016-10-07 1132: 1128: 1122: 1114: 1108: 1094:on 2016-10-07 1093: 1089: 1083: 1075: 1069: 1061: 1055: 1047: 1046:"熾天使書城----明史" 1041: 1033: 1027: 1023: 1022: 1014: 1006: 1000: 986:on 2016-04-25 985: 981: 975: 967: 961: 957: 956: 948: 938: 933: 923: 918: 907: 903: 902: 895: 889: 884: 878: 874: 868: 864: 856: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 829: 827: 823: 818: 816: 812: 804: 800: 796: 791: 789: 785: 781: 777: 767: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 748: 744:, to that of 743: 742: 737: 729: 721: 713: 709: 704: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 672: 664: 656: 652: 642: 640: 636: 632: 628: 625:there are no 624: 623: 619:are "outside 618: 614: 613: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 565: 564:Neo-Confucian 561: 557: 553: 549: 541: 537: 534: 533:Courtesy name 526: 522: 513: 501: 499: 495: 492: 488: 480: 478: 474: 471: 467: 459: 457: 453: 445: 443: 439: 436: 432: 426: 421: 419: 415: 407: 405: 401: 393: 391: 387: 384: 380: 375: 371: 367: 363: 355: 353: 349: 344: 332: 330: 326: 323: 319: 311: 309: 305: 302: 298: 290: 288: 284: 276: 274: 270: 267: 263: 257: 252: 250: 246: 238: 236: 232: 224: 222: 218: 210: 208: 204: 201: 197: 192: 188: 180: 178: 174: 166: 164: 160: 153: 148: 144: 139: 134: 133: 128: 124: 113: 110: 102: 91: 88: 84: 81: 77: 74: 70: 67: 63: 60: –  59: 55: 54:Find sources: 48: 44: 38: 37: 32:This article 30: 26: 21: 20: 3813:Epistemology 3800: 3740: 3733: 3726: 3722:Yin and yang 3714: 3705:Human nature 3697: 3693:Filial piety 3685: 3673: 3666: 3659: 3652: 3640: 3633: 3621: 3610:Confucianism 3604: 3597: 3590: 3583: 3576: 3569: 3540:Zhou Guoping 3535:Zhang Shenfu 3520:Yin Haiguang 3515:Yang Changji 3460:Liu Xiaofeng 3445:Liang Qichao 3330:Carsun Chang 3318:20th century 3304:Zhuang Cunyu 3234:Hong Liangji 3194:Chen Menglei 3189:Chen Hongmou 3171:Zhan Ruoshui 3131:Liu Zongzhou 3101:Hong Zicheng 3096:Huang Zongxi 3002:Fan Zhongyan 2991: 2980:Ten Kingdoms 2966:Linji Yixuan 2961:Liu Zongyuan 2550:Gongsun Long 2512:Eastern Zhou 2503:Philosophers 2481: 2477:Mixed School 2462: 2455: 2399:Han learning 2394:Confucianism 2323:Guo Shoujing 2249: 2240: 2226: 2217:Architecture 2202:Fishing reel 2177:Movable type 2147: 2117: 2011:Zhou Jichang 1962:Zhang Zeduan 1811:Zhou Bangyan 1774: 1703:Fan Zhongyan 1684: 1672: 1658:Yaozhou ware 1653:Qingbai ware 1487:New Policies 1292:Southern Han 1283:Unification 1257:Song dynasty 1211: 1199: 1185: 1160:. 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Chang 3325:Cai Yuanpei 3309:Zeng Guofan 3294:Yu Zhengxie 3224:Gong Zizhen 3219:Feng Guifen 3209:Fang Lanfen 3141:Qian Dehong 2941:Zhang Zhihe 2877:Xiahou Xuan 2817:Bao Jingyan 2660:Zhuang Zhou 2325:(1231–1316) 2319:(1202–1261) 2317:Qin Jiushao 2313:(1192-1279) 2307:(1186–1249) 2301:(1031–1095) 2295:(1020–1101) 2289:(1010–1070) 2274:Zhang Sixun 2119:Zhu Fan Zhi 2108:Champa rice 2072:(1021–1086) 2049:(1235–1305) 2043:(1222–1307) 2037:(1210–1269) 2031:(1199–1295) 2025:(1190–1230) 2019:(1178–1249) 1998:Lin Tinggui 1994:(1140–1210) 1988:(1120–1182) 1982:(1100–1197) 1976:(1096–1119) 1974:Wang Ximeng 1970:(1094-1172) 1964:(1085–1145) 1958:(1082–1135) 1952:(1051–1107) 1933:(1049–1106) 1927:(1036–1093) 1921:(1020–1090) 1915:(1019–1079) 1909:(1000–1064) 1874:(1170–1231) 1868:(1140–1207) 1862:(1130–1200) 1856:(1127–1206) 1850:(1126–1193) 1848:Fan Chengda 1844:(1125–1209) 1825:(1085–1144) 1819:(1084–1155) 1817:Li Qingzhao 1813:(1056–1121) 1807:(1047–1126) 1801:(1045–1105) 1795:(1039–1112) 1789:(1037–1101) 1783:(1033–1107) 1777:(1032–1085) 1771:(1022–1077) 1765:(1019–1086) 1759:(1019–1083) 1753:(1017–1073) 1747:(1012–1067) 1741:(1011–1077) 1735:(1009–1066) 1729:(1007–1072) 1723:(1002–1060) 1721:Mei Yaochen 1648:Cizhou ware 1525:Chancellery 1520:Secretariat 1448:Family tree 1406:Diaoyucheng 587:pantheistic 279:Chìhng Houh 127:family name 99:August 2010 58:"Cheng Hao" 3840:Categories 3823:Legitimacy 3525:Yu Dunkang 3495:Tang Yijie 3470:Mao Zedong 3455:Lin Yutang 3420:Jin Yuelin 3415:Jiang Qing 3390:He Guanghu 3360:Chu Anping 3345:Chen Duxiu 3274:Wang Fuzhi 3264:Tan Sitong 3259:Pan Pingge 3254:Liu Yiming 3136:Luo Rufang 3057:Zhou Dunyi 3042:Wang Chuyi 3032:Wang Anshi 3012:Lu Jiuyuan 2892:Yan Zhitui 2882:Xie Daoyun 2784:Yang Xiong 2769:Wang Chong 2744:Kong Anguo 2605:Shen Buhai 2600:Shang Yang 2555:Guan Zhong 2525:Chunyu Kun 2446:Naturalism 2270:(972–1051) 2187:Pound lock 2113:Nanhai One 2070:Wang Anshi 1968:Su Hanchen 1931:Li Gonglin 1901:Zhao Chang 1897:(970–1053) 1895:Xu Daoning 1891:(960–1030) 1872:Zhao Rukuo 1854:Yang Wanli 1763:Sima Guang 1751:Zhou Dunyi 1727:Ouyang Xiu 1717:(998–1061) 1711:(991–1055) 1705:(989–1052) 1436:Government 1162:2016-05-09 1137:2016-10-04 1098:2016-05-09 990:2016-04-17 859:References 841:Zhou Dunyi 795:posthumous 788:Sima Guang 571:philosophy 560:Zhou Dunyi 504:Pæk-d͡ʒwin 448:Baak-sèuhn 404:Wade–Giles 314:Thiânn Háu 241:Ch'eng Hao 235:Wade–Giles 227:Cherng Haw 69:newspapers 3802:Shan shui 3735:Zhengming 3510:Xu Fuguan 3435:Li Shicen 3410:Ray Huang 3395:Hu Qiaomu 3365:Fang Keli 3355:Ch'ien Mu 3340:Chen Daqi 3269:Tang Zhen 3214:Fang Quan 3126:Liu Bowen 3116:Lai Zhide 3106:Jiao Hong 3091:Chen Jiru 3052:Zhang Zai 3017:Shao Yong 2992:Cheng Hao 2936:Wang Tong 2837:Guo Xiang 2759:Liu Xiang 2739:Jing Fang 2650:Yuan Xian 2630:Ximen Bao 2585:Lie Yukou 2540:Duanmu Ci 2530:Confucius 2416:Huang–Lao 2261:Inventors 2138:Gunpowder 2047:Qian Xuan 2013:(12th c.) 1992:Liang Kai 1986:Zhao Boju 1925:Wang Shen 1907:Yi Yuanji 1903:(10th c.) 1775:Cheng Hao 1769:Zhang Zai 1757:Zeng Gong 1745:Cai Xiang 1739:Shao Yong 1663:Jian ware 1626:Guan ware 1616:Ding ware 1411:Xiangyang 1287:Later Shu 875:" at the 873:Cheng Hao 784:Shao Yong 780:Zhang Zai 577:(between 575:dualistic 567:cosmology 521:Chéng Hào 462:Baak-seon 335:ɖjeng xàu 213:Chéng Hào 156:Cheng Hao 141:Cheng Hao 3796:Ink wash 3774:Politics 3764:Theology 3623:Ming yun 3599:Jing zuo 3558:Concepts 3440:Li Zehou 3405:Hua Gang 3375:Gan Yang 3284:Yan Yuan 3279:Wei Yuan 3249:Lin Zexu 3229:Gu Yanwu 3204:Fang Bao 3199:Dai Zhen 3161:Wu Cheng 3151:Wang Gen 3022:Shen Kuo 2997:Cheng Yi 2956:Liu Yuxi 2862:Sengzhao 2822:Fan Zhen 2724:Huan Tan 2704:Ban Zhao 2655:Zhang Yi 2645:Yang Zhu 2610:Shen Dao 2520:Bu Shang 2421:Legalism 2389:Buddhism 2299:Shen Kuo 2287:Jia Xian 2268:Bi Sheng 2192:Dry dock 2081:Banknote 2041:Gong Kai 1913:Wen Tong 1889:Fan Kuan 1882:Painters 1866:Xin Qiji 1823:Zhu Bian 1805:Cai Jing 1781:Cheng Yi 1631:Jun ware 1601:Religion 1472:Military 1443:Emperors 1374:Yancheng 1359:Jingkang 1270:Timeline 1171:cite web 1107:cite web 853:Zeng Can 845:Cheng Yi 756:Dengfeng 599:feelings 556:Cheng Yi 456:Jyutping 410:Po-ch'un 293:Cing Hou 287:Jyutping 121:In this 3808:Society 3585:Jian'ai 3400:Hu Shih 3385:Gu Zhun 3244:Ma Qixi 3146:Wang Ji 3111:Jiao Yu 3027:Su Song 3007:Hu Hong 2897:Zhi Dun 2887:Xun Can 2872:Wang Bi 2867:Wang Su 2857:Ji Kang 2852:Huiyuan 2842:Fu Xuan 2832:Ge Hong 2779:Xun Yue 2774:Wang Fu 2764:Ma Rong 2734:Jia Kui 2675:Zou Yan 2635:Xu Xing 2620:Sun Tzu 2590:Mencius 2565:Hui Shi 2560:Han Fei 2535:Deng Xi 2472:Yangism 2464:Xuanxue 2431:Marxism 2377:Schools 2305:Song Ci 2293:Su Song 2182:Compass 2062:Economy 2023:Li Song 1937:Cui Bai 1715:Song Qi 1709:Yan Shu 1696:Writers 1636:Ru ware 1621:Ge ware 1593:Society 1589:Culture 1394:Caizhou 1384:Tangdao 1266:History 1219:p. 571. 1206:p. 571. 937:Chinese 922:Chinese 906:Chinese 837:Yan Hui 803:Chinese 728:Chinese 720:Chinese 712:Chinese 689:Nanjing 685:Shaanxi 676:xiànwèi 663:Chinese 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Cheng

Traditional Chinese
Simplified Chinese
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Gwoyeu Romatzyh
Wade–Giles
IPA

Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization
Jyutping
Southern Min
Tâi-lô
Middle Chinese
Middle Chinese

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