20:
41:. While council chiefs are responsible for overall governance of individual bands and the tribe as a whole, the headmen of military societies are in charge of maintaining discipline within the tribe, overseeing tribal hunts and ceremonies, and providing military leadership. Historically, council chiefs selected which of the six military societies would assume these duties; after a period of time on-duty, the chiefs would select a different society to take up the duties.
342:. This society is similar to the Bowstring Men in function, but is found only among the Northern Cheyenne. Among the Northern Cheyenne, Dog Warrior Society and Wolf Warriors merged. This resulted in the development of new Dog Warriors, now called the Crazy Dogs. The Crazy Dogs are considered by many to be a sixth society instead of a branch of the fifth society. "The...members imitate the
384:. This society draws upon the same spiritual powers as the Contrary Warriors Society. It is primarily composed of Cheyenne elders and may be a mature variation of the Contrary Warriors Society. They were charged with teaching the Cheyenne ceremonial ways of the cultural "dos" and "don'ts" through humour, sarcasm and satire, in a fashion contrary to the traditional Cheyenne culture.
399:, was a member of a society of "women who had gone to war with their husbands" (Grinnell). That qualification seems to be wrong since she is known to have become a warrior only when she was widowed. John Sipes Jr, late Southern Cheyenne tribal historian, mentioned that his ancestor
327:
by the whites. The Dog
Warrior Society was established by a directive given in a visionary dream after the prophet Sweet Medicine's departure. This society was originally found in both the Northern and the Southern Cheyenne. Today it exists only among the Southern Cheyenne.
346:
in their power of endurance, cunning and activity. They outstrip their fellow tribesmen in running long distances, playing games, etc. There are about 150 warriors in the society, and a head chief" (Dorsey, 1905, Vol. I: 19).
304:(Northern Cheyenne) - considered themselves constituents of the same organization originally called Bowstring Men. In the Northern Cheyenne tribe, both the Crazy Dogs and the Bowstrings or Wolf Warriors exist independently.
288:) for the Bowstring Men. The Crazy Dog Society developed out of the Bowstring Men in the 19th century through a vision given to Owl Friend. Among the Northern Cheyenne, the Wolf Warriors gradually adopted the name
139:) are branches of the Fox Warriors Society. Among the Northern Cheyenne the Kit Fox Soldiers always claimed superiority over the others. Had strong ties through marriages with
280:. This society was originally found in both the Northern and the Southern Cheyenne. Today it is only among the Southern Cheyenne under the alternate name
237:. This society was originally found in both the Northern and the Southern Cheyenne. Today it exists only among the Northern Cheyenne.
678:
646:
613:
34:
194:. This society is found among both the Northern and the Southern Cheyenne. This was the society of the famous warrior
628:
598:
565:
403:
was a warrior in her own right, had her own war pony and war medicine and was also a member of that society.
455:
19:
459:
396:
366:. Its members, the Contrary Warriors, have proved their bravery by riding backward into battle.
38:
8:
636:
673:
652:
642:
624:
609:
594:
571:
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Campaigns and
Commanders Series, vol. 3. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
400:
555:
119:). This society is found among both the Northern and the Southern Cheyenne. The
463:
667:
575:
324:
148:
656:
60:) was said to designate the four original Cheyenne warrior societies (pl.
203:
623:. Ed. by Savoie Lottinville. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
199:
195:
392:
76:). Over the ages, some have developed branches or have transformed.
272:- ′Bowstrings, Lit: those who have bowstrings′), also known as the
31:
638:
The
Cheyenne Way: Conflict and Case Law in Primitive Jurisprudence
50:
343:
634:
582:
Glenmore, Josephine Stands in Timber, and Wayne Leman (1984).
560:. Anthropological Series Vol. 9, No. 1. Kessinger Publishing.
635:
Llewellyn, Karl
Nickerson; Edward Adamson Hoebel (2002) .
233:- ′Redshields, lazy group. Lit: red-nails(shields)′). or
23:
A member of the
Cheyenne Soldier Society, The Red Shields
608:, 2 vols., Edited and Illustrated, (World Wisdom, 2008)
276:, because it was founded by the Cheyenne warrior named
30:
are one of the two central institutions of traditional
591:Washita, The Southern Cheyenne and the U.S. Army.
665:
606:The Cheyenne Indians: Their History and Lifeways
462:. 2007-09-05. pp. societies. Archived from
253:, is a branch of the Shield Warriors Society.
16:Traditional institution of the Cheyenne nation
621:Life of George Bent Written from His Letters
387:
44:
586:, Busby MT: Cheyenne Translation Project.
641:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
18:
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37:tribal governance, the other being the
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68:), which had their own society songs (
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431:
72:) and were governed by a head man (
13:
511:Llewellyn & Hoebel, pp. 99-100
14:
690:
350:
323:. This society was also called
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531:Llewellyn & Hoebel, p. 100
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496:
487:
478:
1:
679:Native American organizations
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493:Llewellyn & Hoebel, p. 99
604:Grinnell, George B. (1923).
484:Glenmore & Leman, p. 176
300:(Southern Cheyenne) and the
256:
7:
584:Cheyenne Topical Dictionary
554:Dorsey, George A. (2006) .
364:Inverted Bow-string Society
28:Cheyenne military societies
10:
695:
589:Greene, Jerome A. (2004).
356:Contrary Warriors Society
209:
147:) affiliated families of
619:Hyde, George E. (1968).
460:Chief Dull Knife College
406:
397:Battle of Beecher Island
388:Warrior Women's Society
215:Shield Warriors Society
121:Coyote Warriors Society
45:Four original societies
154:
79:
24:
456:"Cheyenne Dictionary"
362:), also known as the
298:Wolf Warriors Society
296:). Both groups - the
282:Wolf Warriors Society
39:Council of Forty-four
22:
466:on September 7, 2012
395:, who fought in the
172:Bone Scraper Society
160:Elk Warriors Society
85:Fox Warriors Society
313:Dog Warrior Society
274:Owl Man's Bowstring
540:Hyde 1968, p. 337.
428:Hyde 1968, p. 336.
419:Greene 2004, p. 9.
198:, and also of the
25:
648:978-0-8061-1855-0
614:978-1-933316-60-4
380:), also known as
338:), also known as
319:), also known as
245:), also known as
221:), also known as
164:Elk Horn Scrapers
137:Motsêsóonetaneo'o
111:; variant: sing.
109:Mótsėsóonetaneo'o
95:), also known as
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401:Mochi (Cheyenne)
370:Contrary Society
286:Ho'néhenótâxeo'o
266:Hema'tanónėheo'o
239:Buffalo Warriors
129:Flintmen Society
125:O'ôhoménotâxeo'o
117:Vóhkėséhetaneo'o
93:Monêsóonetaneo'o
89:Vóhkêséhetaneo'o
62:Nótȧxévėstotȯtse
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336:Hotamémâsêhao'o
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227:Ma'ėhoohēvȧhtse
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141:Kit Fox Society
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35:native American
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270:Héma'tanóohese
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243:Hotóanótâxeo'o
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192:Medicine Lance
162:also known as
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133:Mótsėsóonetane
81:
78:
74:nótȧxévėhoneve
70:nótȧxénootȯtse
66:Nótȧxévestȯtse
54:Sweet Medicine
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629:0-8061-1577-7
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599:0-8061-3551-4
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567:1-4286-1291-2
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470:September 20,
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382:Clown Society
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351:Sixth society
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308:Fifth society
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188:Blue Soldiers
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180:Crooked Lance
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557:The Cheyenne
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468:. Retrieved
464:the original
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340:Foolish Dogs
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325:Dog Soldiers
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184:Headed Lance
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149:Lakota Sioux
144:
143:(in Lakota:
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378:Hohnóhkao'o
360:Hohnóhkao'o
204:George Bent
176:Hoof Rattle
168:Hémo'eoxeso
58:Motsé'eóeve
668:Categories
548:References
332:Crazy Dogs
302:Crazy Dogs
290:Crazy Dogs
223:Red Shield
200:mixed-race
196:Roman Nose
393:Ehyophsta
257:Bowstring
202:Cheyenne
97:Swift Fox
674:Cheyenne
374:Hohnohka
64:, sing.
32:Cheyenne
576:3817175
372:(sing.
321:Dog Men
278:Owl Man
235:Red Fox
225:(sing.
145:Toka'la
131:(sing.
103:(sing.
51:prophet
657:419750
655:
645:
627:
612:
597:
574:
564:
376:, pl.
344:coyote
268:, pl.
229:, pl.
210:Shield
135:, pl.
127:) and
115:, pl.
107:, pl.
101:Kitfox
407:Notes
653:OCLC
643:ISBN
625:ISBN
610:ISBN
595:ISBN
572:OCLC
562:ISBN
472:2007
251:Bull
190:or
49:The
249:or
170:),
155:Elk
99:or
91:or
80:Fox
670::
651:.
570:.
516:^
458:.
433:^
206:.
186:,
182:,
178:,
174:,
151:.
659:.
631:.
616:.
601:.
578:.
474:.
358:(
334:(
315:(
292:(
284:(
264:(
241:(
217:(
166:(
123:(
87:(
56:(
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