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242:, one of the largest open-air markets in the nation. Residents of the black community would frequent it to buy and sell just about anything. It was a natural location for blues musicians to perform, earn tips, and jam with other musicians. The standard path for blues musicians was to start out as street musicians and at house parties and eventually make their way to blues clubs. The first blues clubs in Chicago were mostly in predominantly black neighborhoods on the
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perspectives. You can't keep talking about mules, workin' on the levee." Chicago blues was heavily influenced by
Mississippi bluesmen who traveled to Chicago in the early 1940s. Chicago blues is based on the sound of the electric guitar and the harmonica, with the harmonica played through a
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stated that, "Chicago blues is the music of the industrial city, and has an industrial sense about it." Additionally, recognizing the shift in blues, Chicago blues singer and guitarist Kevin Moore expressed the blues transition stating, "You have to put some new life into it, new blood, new
250:. New trends in technology, chaotic streets and bars adding drums to an electric mix, gave birth to a new club culture. One of the most famous was Ruby Lee Gatewood's Tavern, known by patrons as "The Gates". During the 1930s virtually every big-name artist played there.
265:. Through such record companies Chicago blues became a commercial enterprise. The new style of music eventually reached Europe and the United Kingdom. In the 1960s, young British musicians were highly influenced by Chicago blues resulting in the
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or guitar amplifier, both heavily amplified and often to the point of distortion, and a rhythm section of drums and bass (double bass at first, and later electric bass guitar) with piano depending on the song or performer.
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of the first half of the twentieth century. Key features that distinguish
Chicago blues from the earlier traditions, such as Delta blues, is the prominent use of electrified instruments, especially the
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While attending a nightclub in
Chicago in 1955, Berry met his idol Muddy Waters and asked Waters where he might be able to cut a record. Waters directed him to Leonard Chess of Chess Records
175:, or the Great Northern Drive, which was both forced and voluntary at times, of African Americans from the southern U.S. to the industrial cities of the north, such as Chicago.
604:
Inaba, Mitsutoshi. Willie Dixon's Work on the Blues: From the Early
Recordings through the Chess and Cobra Years, 1940--1971. Diss. University of Oregon, 2005. N.p.: UMI, 2005.
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Foundation for
Research in the Afro-American Creative Arts. "Muddy (né McKinley Morganfield) Waters." The Black Perspective in Music Vol. 11. No. 2 (1983): 230-31
302:—one of the most significant Chicago blues record labels. Berry met and was influenced by Muddy Waters in Chicago and Waters suggested he audition for Chess.
278:(1981), Chicago blues saw its best documentation during the 1970s thanks in part to Alligator Records and its owner Bruce Iglauer, described by
119:, Chicago blues reached an international audience by the late 1950s and early 1960s, directly influencing not only the development of early
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William H. Frey, "The New Great
Migration: Black Americans' Return to the South, 1965–2000", The Brookings Institution, May 2004, pp. 1–3
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When the
Rolling Stones first got together in 1962, it was a shared love for Chicago blues that congealed them into a cohesive group.
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has been held annually since 1984, on the anniversary of Muddy Waters' death, as a means of preserving and promoting
Chicago blues.
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and made their first recordings with him when he toured
England in 1963 and 1964. At the same time, American artists, such as the
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in the US), were heavily influenced by
Chicago blues artists. The last two served as backing musicians for
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How Britain Got the Blues: The Transmission and Reception of American Blues Style in the United Kingdom
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and other blues musicians played on some of Berry's early records. In the UK in the early 1960s,
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What drove the blues to international influence was the promotion of record companies such as
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also pursued their own interpretations of Chicago blues songs and helped popularize
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directly joined that migration, like many others, escaping the harsher southern
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578:"The Surprising Key Influence Behind The Rolling Stones' 'Blue & Lonesome'"
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Chicago blues was one of the most significant influences on early rock music.
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An early incubator for Chicago blues was the open-air market on
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622:"Howlin' Wolf." Encyclopedia of Popular Music. 4th ed. 2006
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68:, Illinois. It is based on earlier blues idioms, such as
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246:, with a few in the smaller black neighborhoods on the
103:, migrated to Chicago in 1943, joining the established
85:, and especially the use of electronic effects such as
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Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies
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Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies
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business that was far more profitable than his music.
208:, as music created by part-time musicians playing as
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Urban blues evolved from classic blues following the
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Form of blues music indigenous to Chicago, Illinois
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346:performed in the style of Chicago blues. Later,
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666:"The Paul Butterfield Blues Band: Biography"
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159:helped promote and spread the style. The
746:The Devil's Music: a History of the Blues
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465:The Devil's Music: A History of the Blues
442:. London: Da Capo Press. pp. 40–49.
415:The Devil's Music: A History of the Blues
234:blues performers and onlookers circa 1950
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95:, a colleague of Delta blues musicians
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440:Chicago Blues: The City and the Music
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467:. New York: Taplinger. p. 172.
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417:. New York: Taplinger. p. 177.
78:Great Migration of African Americans
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204:Urban blues started in Chicago and
151:. Prominent record labels such as
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694:Rory Gallagher His Life and Times
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775:Chicago blues example and lesson
636:Sonny Boy Williamson: U.K. Blues
522:– via robertchristgau.com.
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372:List of Chicago blues musicians
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76:. It developed alongside the
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576:Hart, Ron (2 December 2016).
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334:(who included two members of
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692:Connaughton, Marcus (2012).
220:was a steelworker and had a
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332:Paul Butterfield Blues Band
51:20th century, Chicago, U.S.
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290:Influence of Chicago blues
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72:, but is performed in an
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1160:Blues musicians by genre
860:Traditional blues verses
356:the Allman Brothers Band
64:music that developed in
721:Keil, Charles (1991) .
328:Sonny Boy Williamson II
298:originally signed with
744:Oakley, Giles (1976).
463:Oakley, Giles (1976).
413:Oakley, Giles (1976).
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161:Chicago Blues Festival
850:Musical improvisation
696:. The Collins Press.
377:Chicago record labels
230:
565:. London: Routledge.
503:Ticknor & Fields
906:American folk music
561:Schwartz, Roberta.
538:history-of-rock.com
438:Rowe, Mike (1973).
344:Charlie Musselwhite
1247:Blues music genres
312:the Rolling Stones
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123:musicians such as
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840:Call and response
489:Christgau, Robert
255:Paramount Records
193:Alligator Records
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27:Stylistic origins
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951:Hill country
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870:Walking bass
830:Blues ballad
818:Musical form
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677:February 14,
675:. Retrieved
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649:February 14,
647:. Retrieved
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585:. Retrieved
582:Observer.com
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516:. Retrieved
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493:"The Decade"
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336:Howlin' Wolf
322:(dubbed the
304:Willie Dixon
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214:rent parties
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181:Muddy Waters
170:
149:Led Zeppelin
141:Eric Clapton
113:Howlin' Wolf
109:Willie Dixon
93:Muddy Waters
91:
57:
56:
1215:Blues songs
1107:Boogie rock
1102:Biker metal
978:New Zealand
961:New Orleans
835:Blues scale
725:Urban Blues
543:15 December
320:the Animals
308:beat groups
296:Chuck Berry
125:Chuck Berry
74:urban style
70:Delta blues
34:Delta blues
1231:Categories
1097:Blues rock
1003:West Coast
901:Work songs
896:Spirituals
512:0899190251
474:0800821890
424:0800821890
388:References
360:blues rock
338:'s band),
310:, such as
269:movement.
259:RCA Victor
244:South Side
135:and early
129:Bo Diddley
87:distortion
1012:Subgenres
956:Louisiana
825:Blue note
587:23 August
248:West Side
222:moonshine
206:St. Louis
198:PA system
137:hard rock
97:Son House
1203:Category
1071:Jug band
1051:Electric
983:Piedmont
915:Regional
855:Shuffles
671:AllMusic
643:AllMusic
518:April 6,
491:(1981).
366:See also
1076:Skiffle
1029:Country
973:Memphis
941:Chicago
886:Origins
879:Origins
167:History
66:Chicago
1124:Gospel
1066:Holler
993:Turkey
936:Canada
924:Africa
917:styles
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471:
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421:
354:, and
342:, and
318:, and
261:, and
147:, and
143:, the
115:, and
1148:Lists
1061:Hokum
1046:Dirty
1034:Delta
988:Texas
966:Swamp
946:Delta
811:Blues
348:Cream
212:, at
62:blues
1134:Soul
1129:Jump
1112:Punk
750:ISBN
731:ISBN
698:ISBN
679:2020
651:2020
589:2018
545:2013
520:2019
507:ISBN
469:ISBN
444:ISBN
419:ISBN
179:and
155:and
127:and
99:and
286:".
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