Chico Xavier - Knowledge

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authors like Humberto de Campos and Guerra Junqueiro. He suggested that Xavier's subconscious, rather than spirits, might be responsible for these literary feats. Xavier, demonstrating his characteristic humility and politeness, countered this by maintaining that he serves merely as a channel for spirit authors, emphasizing that they dictate the content while he transcribes it. He acknowledged potential unconscious influences but credited his spirit guide, Emmanuel, for stylistic guidance and refinement. The conversation also touched upon the possibility of historical Catholic saints, such as St. Bridget of Sweden and St. Clare of Montefalco, possessing mediumnistic abilities.

1229:" magazine. The Reporters pretended to be foreigners using false names in order to test whether Chico was a fraud; Later when Nasser and Manzon arrived home after the interview, they were surprised to look in books Xavier had given them as gifts, as reported by Nasser in an interview with TV Cultura in 1980: "At dawn, Manzon called me and said, 'Have you seen the book that Chico Xavier gave to us?'. I said no. 'Well, you see,' he said. I was in my library, I picked up the book and written there was this: 'To my brother David Nasser, Emmanuel'. He had made a similar dedication to Manzon. It is things like that make me very afraid to get involved in Spiritism issues." 1515: 262: 1145:

agronomist Rômulo Joviano, also spiritist who attended all the seances at Centro Luiz Gonzaga, where he later became the president., besides giving Francisco a job, he also cooperated with the medium, by allowing him some free time to find the necessary peace to execute his psychographic works, It was in a period that Francisco was using the basement of Joviano's house to perform his psychographic works, when one of his most remarkable books, titled Paulo e Estevão (Paul and Stevan) came out. At the same time; a long refusal of gifts and honors started and lasted all his life, as an example:

1554:, Federação Espírita do Estado de São Paulo, Federação Espírita do Rio Grande do Sul, Fundação Marieta Gaio, Grupo Espírita Emmanuel s/c Editora, Comunhão Espírita Cristã, Instituto de Difusão Espírita, Instituto de Divulgação Espírita André Luiz, Livraria Allan Kardec Editora, Editora Pensamento, Editora Vinha de Luz and União Espírita Mineira. Even though he hadn't finished primary high school, he would write around six books a year, among romances, tales, philosophy, rehearsals, apologues, chronics, poems, etc. He is the most read author from Latin America (note: year of 2010). 1044:

composition on the centenary of Brazil's independence, earning an honorable mention in a state contest. However, in 1922, he faced skepticism and accusations of plagiarism from colleagues and friends – allegations that would persist throughout his life. When challenged to demonstrate his abilities, Francisco impressively rose to the occasion. He was asked to improvise an essay on the spur of the moment about a grain of sand, with the assistance of a spirit. Despite the lack of preparation and the immediate nature of the challenge, he succeeded.

1120:), which had 259 poems allegedly composed by 56 deceased Brazilian and Portuguese illustrious Poets.That year was marked by the medium's "adulthood" and when he firstly met his spiritual Mentor Emmanuel, "Under a tree, near a water reservoir..." (SOUTO MAIOR, 1995:31). According to Chico his Mentor informed about his mission to psychograph a sequence of thirty books and to achieve such a task he would require 3 mandatory conditions: "discipline, discipline and discipline". Emmanuel instructed him to be loyal to 1373: 1069: 1581:, was published for the first time in 1932; the book caused strong admiration and controversy among the literary circle from that time. Among other books, Nosso Lar was the one with the largest circulation, it was first published in 1944, which sold more than two million copies, attributed to the spirit of André Luiz, it was the first volume out of a collection composed by seventeen books, all of them psychographed by Chico Xavier, some of them in partnership with medium Doctor Waldo Vieira. 1133:

strong polemic among the ones involved with Brazilian literature, whose opinions were divided between recognition and accusations of pastiche. The impact increased even more when it was revealed that the books had been written by a "humble clerk" from a warehouse in the countryside of Minas Gerais (Brazilian state where the medium was born), who had barely finished primary school. It is said that the spirit of his mother advised him not to respond to the criticism.

175: 73: 32: 1257:, space travels among others. Uberaba then, became an informal center of pilgrimage, with thousands of people arriving every day; people hoping to make contact with deceased relatives. At that time; books of "messages" became popular; letters dictated by spirits of regular people to their family members; proceeding as well with constant campaigns of food and clothing distribution to the poor people around the town. 1328:

Espírita do Estado de Sergipe. (Spiritist Federation from the state of Sergipe) In the document; the entities representing the spiritism in Brazil devoted their gratitude and respect for the medium "for his intense and extended works, for the example of life dedicated to studies and fraternity, disclosure and practices of spiritism, for the spiritual and material guidelines, assistance and help to the neighbor".

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an informal center of pilgrimage. Francisco's former boss José Felizardo died very poor, the medium then, strived to get him a decent funeral; he went on around the town asking for donations; knocking on every one's door to collect money for the burial. According to Francisco's biographer Ubiratan Machado, "...even a blind homeless man donated the donations he had collected that day". (MACHADO, 1996:53).

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limit Francisco's access to certain books, which he believed were the root of these fantasies, and engage the boy in manual labor. Consequently, Francisco found himself employed in a textile factory, where he was subjected to a stringent routine and long working hours. This period of his life, marked by harsh discipline, had lasting effects that would follow him for years to come.

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Francisco began to articulate detailed scientific facts, claiming he could hear and see spirits. Tragically, he lost his mother at the age of five but maintained that he communicated with her spirit for several years afterward. This claim led many to regard him as mentally unstable for a significant part of his life.

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denied any wrongdoing and any proximity or involvement with the nephew. Later remorseful by the damage he caused to his uncle's reputation he asked for forgiveness and dropping all the accusations he previously made. Amauri was then hospitalized in a mental hospital in São Paulo, where he eventually died at age 27.

2809:"Xavier was revealed to be a cheat. In what is called hot reading, Xavier's staff at his Spiritist Center in Brazil gathered information from clients as they lined up to see the psychic. In the letters from the dead, these details were presented back to the clients though they had been psychic messages." 1327:

The same president of FEB, on October 4 of the same year; during the first Worldwide Spiritist Congress, presented a "vote of recognition and appreciation to the medium Francisco Cândido Xavier", approved by the FEB National Federative Council, under a proposal presented by the president of Federação

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Later, Xavier would claim that several deceased Poets had begun to manifest themselves through him, but they only started to identify themselves in 1931. In 1928, he published his first psychographic messages in the newspapers "O Jornal", from Rio de Janeiro, and Almanaque de Notícias, from Portugal.

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stated that the staff at Xavier's Spiritist Center in Brazil would help him by gathering information about his clients and faking psychic letters. He was also accused of using perfume in the séance room which was a common Spiritualist trick to pretend the scent was of supernatural origin. Xavier was

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This is the first book from a series whose authorship is attributed to the spirit of André Luis. During that time, the fame of Chico Xavier (Francisco's nickname) was increasing, more and more people looked for him in search of healing and messages, transforming the small town of Pedro Leopoldo into

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In 1932, the book Parnaso de Além-Túmulo, was then published by; Federação Espírita Brasileira (FEB). (Brazilian Spiritualist Federation) The compilation of poetry dictated by spirits of Brazilian and Portuguese poets achieved enormous impact in the Brazilian press and public opinion, and yet caused

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Father Scarzelli, a Catholic priest, took it upon himself to evaluate the young Francisco's situation. After careful consideration, he determined that hospitalization was an unnecessary measure, attributing the boy's experiences to mere "children's fantasy." Scarzelli's solution was straightforward:

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Cidália, Francisco's stepmother, approached him with an unusual request. She asked him to consult the spirit of his late mother regarding a pressing issue: the persistent theft of vegetables from her garden by a neighbor. Remarkably, the spirit's advice was to assign the responsibility of overseeing

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After Chico Xavier died, the house where he lived between 1948 and 1959 and the house he lived in between 1959 and 2002 were transformed into non-profit museums in reference to his life and work; and the interior of Pedro Leopoldo's Modelo Farm, where he worked as a typist between 1930 and the late

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on June 30, 2002, at the venerable age of 92. His friends and family shared that Chico had expressed a unique wish to God regarding the timing of his death. He hoped to pass away on a day when the people of Brazil were immersed in happiness and national celebration, believing that this would lessen

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The medium; did not respond to the attacks, but FEB, publisher of most of Chico's books; through its then president Juvanir Borges de Souza sent a letter to the magazine; informing them that; all copyrights and remuneration from Francisco Cândido Xavier's books had been granted to charity; and that

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At that time, his fame extended to other parts of the world, with several books translated into other languages, as well as adaptations for soap operas versions. By the end of 1990, the medium had already psychographed more than four hundreds books. At that time; it was estimated that approximately

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In 1958, the Medium was involved in a controversial case due to the accusations coming from his nephew, Amauri Pena, son of Francisco's sister. The nephew was psychographic Medium and announced to the press to be a fraud, a very capable impostor, extending his declaration to his uncle Xavier. Chico

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The medium's defense was supported by FEB, further resulting in the classic A Psicografia Perante os Tribunais, (the psychography in the view of court) written by the lawyer Miguel Timponi. along the trial; the judge decided that books copyrights refer to books recognized while the author is alive;

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As well as notoriety, the criticism from people who tried to discredit him strongly persisted. Chico Xavier said that also spiritual foes tried to involve him into negative fluids and temptations, apart from all living people,. Souto Maior (Brazilian journalist) reports an attempted of "lynching by

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The copyrights of all his books were kindly granted to FEB. At that period, he started a relationship with Manuel Quintão and Wantuil de Freitas. Still at the same period, an ocular cataract was found, problem which he had to live with for the rest of his life. The spirits and his mentors, Emmanuel

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He often mentioned he could not contact a deceased person unless the spirit was willing to be contacted. His appearances on TV talk shows in the late 1960s and early 1970s helped to establish Spiritism as one of the major religions professed in Brazil with more than 5 million followers. Despite his

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The books written by Chico covered a vast range of topics from religion, philosophy, historical romances and novels, Portuguese literature, poetry, and science, as well as thousands of letters intended to inform, console and uplift the families of deceased persons during his psychographic sessions.

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books. He never admitted to be the author of any of his books. He affirmed he would only reproduce whatever the spirits dictated to him. Being the reason for why he would never accept the money attained from selling his books. He sold more than 50 million copies in Portuguese; with translations in

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By 1924, Francisco completed his primary education but did not pursue further schooling. He embarked on a career as a sales clerk, enduring long, demanding hours. Despite his deep Catholic faith and numerous penances, not to mention the restrictions imposed by his confessor, Francisco continued to

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Francisco's alleged paranormal abilities frequently caused him difficulties at school and in church. In his fourth year of primary school, he claimed that a man dictated all his school essays, but this assertion went largely ignored, even by his teacher. He achieved a notable success with a school

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magazine proceeded saying: "According to the newspapers, he is the first one to have admitted that the 380 books he had produced were by 'ghost-writers', "literally ghosts'", concluding that; Chico simply transcribes psychographed books through more than 500 deceased and buried writers and poets.

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were highlighted; in which the story of Brazil is interpreted in a mythical and theological way. As consequence; the last book mentioned here brought him a lawsuit from the widow of Humberto de Campos, who pleaded for the psychographed books copyrights, in case the legitimacy of the famous author

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He kept working as a clerk–typist at the model farm from the Regional Inspectorate of the Department of Livestock Development, He started to perform at Centro Espírita Luís Gonzaga in 1935, helping the ones in need with prescriptions, advice and producing psychographic books. The farm manager and

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epileptic, with claims that his brain activity was somehow "paranormal". Many years later, in February 2010, Dr. Guilherme Gustavo Riccioppo Rodrigues reviewed Barbosa's EEG study and found "no evidence to suggest clinical abnormality, let alone to support the idea that his brain is paranormal".

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His father remarried Cidália Batista, and she insisted that he bring together all nine of his children. At this time, Francisco was seven years old. The newly formed family expanded further, with the couple having six more children. Francisco was enrolled in public school, but it was during this

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Through the decades, Chico produced thousands of psychographed letters for desperate parents and mothers who came to him in order to receive messages from their deceased sons and daughters. According to a survey from 1990, performed by the Spiritist Medical Association of São Paulo, the letters

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One electroencephalogram study conducted during a mediumnistic trance by Dr. Elias Barbosa, Chico Xavier's family doctor, was reported by "Revista Planeta", a popular news magazine, in June 1973. It was suggested that Chico presented common characteristics of epilepsy, even though he was never

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In his first appearance on the program Pinga-Fogo, journalist and philosopher João de Scantimburgo focused on the authenticity of Xavier's psychographic writing. João de Scantimburgo expressed skepticism about Xavier's prolific output and his ability to convincingly mimic the styles of diverse

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Francisco was born to João Cândido Xavier, a lottery ticket vendor, and Maria João de Deus, a Catholic housewife. His mediumistic abilities, as recounted by biographers, manifested early, becoming apparent when he was just four years old. During a conversation his father had about pregnancy,

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However, this incident had an unforeseen consequence. Alarmed by the demonstration of Francisco's mediumistic abilities, his father made the drastic decision to have him hospitalized. This decision was fueled by a mix of fear and misunderstanding of Francisco's unique gift.

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and Kardec, even if it was against his religious basis. Later on, the Medium found out that Emmanuel had been the Roman senator Publius Lentulus, further reborn as a slave who sympathized with Christianity, still in another reincarnation, had been a Jesuit priest

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In 1981, appointed for the Nobel Peace Prize, when his name gathered 2 million signatures for submission. However, The Nobel Peace Prize 1981 was awarded to Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. In 1999, the Government of the State of

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At that time, Francisco was hired by the federal public service, as a helper at Ministério da Agricultura (Ministry of Agriculture). It is important to highlight that; along his career as a public worker; there is no record of any absence from work.

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the same procedure was being performed with other publishers as well, yet; emphasizing that "the copyrights are granted absolutely for free, in order to make the books affordable enough, and as well contribute to the disclosure of the

1683: 1092:; In June; Francisco founded the Spiritist Center Luiz Gonzaga, in a wooden warehouse owned by his brother. In July, under the guidance of a so-called "benevolent spirit", he started to psychograph, writing seventeen pages. 1543:, and other languages. He also transcribed around ten thousand letters allegedly from the dead to their families. The letters were declared legitimate by many people, and some of the letters were used as evidence in four 1153:

spirits", as well as an episode which naked girls tried to seduce the medium in his bathtub. Note that; in both episodes there are common narrative aspects to the other proofs, commonly mentioned in stories of holiness.

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published an article saying, "Ghost writers make novelist a millionaire" The article was vaunted in Brazil by the extinct news magazine; revista Manchete, titled as Secretary of Ghosts, where it said that, according to

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since it would be impossible for the court to prove the existence of mediunity. Even so; in order to avoid problems in the future, the spiritual writer's name was substituted by the nickname "Irmão X" (Brother X).

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travelled to the US in order to disclose spiritism abroad; with the help of Salim Salomão Haddad, president of Christian Spirit Center, and his wife Phillis, they studied English and launched the book titled

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associated with the spritist medium Otília Diogo, who fraudulently pretended to be a spirit by covering herself in white sheets, with a photo of Xavier and a sheeted Diogo being taken in 1964. The skeptic

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always contained much informations that was somehow familiar to the readers for whom the letters were intended, and 35 per cent of them carried an identical signature to the signature of the deceased.

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In the beginning of 1970; Chico took part on the popular nationwide interview TV program called "Pinga Fogo" (Dripping Fire) which reached extremely high levels of audience throughout the country.

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period that he reported the cessation of communication with his mother's spirit. To contribute to his family's income, he started working at a very young age, selling vegetables they grew at home.

1414:(Brazilian Television Channel), he was elected by popular votes, as one of the 12 greatest Brazilian citizens of all times; this way; he went on to the next step (02/08/2012), disputing against 1632: 1551: 3133: 1467:" was released. It is based on the biography titled "As Vidas de Chico Xavier" (The lives of Chico Xavier), by journalist Marcel Souto Maior, and it was directed and produced by filmmaker 1369:(President of Brazil 1956 – 1961 and founder of Brasilia); in a contest performed by Rede Globo Minas, (Rede Globo Minas; TV station from the state of Minas Gerais) with 704.030 votes. 2692: 1297:

fifty millions of spiritist books were circulating in Brazil, from which; fifteen million of them were attributed to Chico Xavier and twelve millions to Kardec (SANTOS, 1997:89).

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Doctrine as well. Simultaneously he allegedly received a new message from his mother in which she recommended him to accomplish all his duties and thoroughly study the books of

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experience visions and communicate with spirits. These spiritual encounters persisted, undeterred by his devout religious practices and the constraints placed upon him.

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the sadness of his departure. Remarkably, his passing coincided with a significant national event: it occurred on the very day Brazil celebrated its victory in the

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established the "Commendation of Peace Chico Xavier", award which is annually awarded to individuals or legal entities who work for peace and social well-being.

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In 2000, Chico was elected the "Mineiro" from the 20th century, ("Mineiro" is the name given to people born in the state of Minas Gerais; Brazil) followed by

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Historical and cultural aspects of the pineal gland: comparison between the theories provided by Spiritism in the 1940s and the current scientific evidence.

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During 1930, the publishing of the romances attributed to Emmanuel and the book Brasil, Coração do Mundo, Pátria do Evangelho, attributed to the spirit of

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the kitchen garden to the neighbor herself. Implementing this strategy, they witnessed the mysterious disappearances of the vegetables come to an end.

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On October 29, 2020, a life-size bronze statue of Xavier was inaugurated at Praça Rui Barbosa, in Uberaba. It was made by visual artist Vânia Braga.

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Xavier has been accused of fraud regarding his claimed abilities, with critics questioning the authenticity of his prolific psychographic output.

3093: 2057: 1345:. Chico Xavier's death took place approximately nine hours after the final match between Brazil and Germany, aligning poignantly with his wish. 3846: 679: 614: 1437:

In 2016, the Chico Xavier Memorial was inaugurated in Uberaba, built in collaboration between the Chico Xavier Institute and the city hall.

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In May 1927 his sister, Maria Xavier, was having mental disturbances, which many believed was caused by spiritual sources known as

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His first books, Parnaso de Além-Túmulo, containing 256 poems attributed to deceased poets, among them, two being the Portuguese

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In 2010, his centenary has been marked by numerous celebrations in Brazil, like two feature films and a special postage stamp.

1418:(catholic nun) on a knockout stage, he was elected by 50.5% of the votes. On the semifinal of the program he disputed against 4228: 3871: 2806: 1407: 1015: 4218: 4213: 895: 629: 137: 2717: 2602: 4188: 3313: 2819: 2638: 1427: 109: 3287: 3207: 1376:

House where Chico Xavier lived and spent most of his career in Spiritism for most of his life, in Uberaba, Minas Gerais.

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His books sold an estimated 50 million copies and the revenue generated by it was totally channeled into charity work.

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In 2009, the Brazilian Government gave the name "Chico Xavier" for a passage of an important highway of the country,

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In 1944 Journalists David Nasser and Jean Manzon made an unfriendly report of the Medium, which was published at "

2613: 1649: 1241:; together they psychographed several books; until their abruption some years later. In 1959, Francisco moved to 1162: 654: 184: 1938: 1115: 94: 1422:, (Brazilian Formula 1 racer) receiving 63.8% of the votes. At the end of the program, Chico competed against 123: 3485: 1434:); but, he had been the one elected to become "the greatest Brazilian of all times" with 71.4% of the votes. 90: 45: 3293: 3242: 3185: 1386: 4117: 3841: 3379: 1403:

The city of Uberaba (Town where Chico lived) recently started the construction of a memorial in his honor.

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In 1943, one of the most popular books in Brazilian spiritist literature was published, the novel titled

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granted Francisco a huge amount of money in his will; which was promptly granted to FEB; by the medium.

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information; the Brazilian medium had made twenty million dollars as a "Secretary of Ghosts".

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named Chico Xavier "The Greatest Brazilian of all time", based on a viewer-supported survey.

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In 2006, he was elected the "History's greatest Brazilian", in a contest performed by

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Scientific research on mediumship and mind-brain relationship: reviewing the evidence

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His works are published by Centro Espírita União, Casa Editora O Clarim, Edicel,

1499: 968:). Xavier called his spiritual guide Emmanuel, who according to Xavier, lived in 729: 532: 467: 402: 3495: 2709: 1372: 437: 4132: 4122: 4072: 4037: 4012: 3977: 3967: 3957: 3937: 3755: 3525: 3480: 3450: 2823: 2599: 1443:

Through Law 14.201 of 2021, Francisco Candido Xavier had his name inscribed in

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Portal Luz Espírita – estudo e divulgação do Espiritismo – Doutrina Espírita

1415: 4137: 3962: 3927: 3912: 3902: 3770: 3745: 3675: 3660: 3575: 3540: 3510: 3470: 3445: 3394: 3108:"Estátua de Chico Xavier em tamanho real é inaugurada no Centro de Uberaba" 1574: 1523: 1494: 1493:

which accused Xavier of fraud. According to Mori, Xavier's close associate

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In April 2010, date which Chico Xavier would turn 100 years old, the film "

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At that time, Chico Xavier met the young student of Medicine and medium

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health problems he kept working up to his death, on June 30, 2002, in

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Lucchetti G, Daher JC Jr, Iandoli D Jr, Gonçalves JP, Lucchetti AL.

72: 827: 734: 659: 462: 452: 2672:(In Portuguese). Rev. psiquiatr. clín. vol.40 no.6 São Paulo 2013. 195: 1540: 1242: 993: 807: 602: 527: 487: 312: 1080:. This episode allowed Francisco to support his sister with his 3429: 1544: 1394: 1276: 1156: 1105: 724: 492: 392: 3068:"Memorial Chico Xavier recebe primeiros visitantes em Uberaba" 276:

Francisco Cândido Xavier (formerly Francisco de Paula Cândido)

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1950s, was also transformed into a memorial in his honor.

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Prefeito e Vice-governador entregam Comenda Chico Xavier

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Spiritualist and philanthropist from Brazil (1910–2002)

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Tancredo Neves Pantheon of the Fatherland and Freedom

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Casa de Chico Xavier | Pedro Leopoldo – Minas Gerais

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Bust of Chico Xavier in his hometown, Pedro Leopoldo

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Portal Luz Espirita – Spiritisme Spiritist Doctrine

97:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1487:In 2010, Kentaro Mori published an article in the 3056:(In Portuguese); G1 Triângulo Mineiro; 27/03/2013 4170: 3209:As cartas de Chico Xavier: uma análise semiótica 2878: 1232: 1113: 2920: 2918: 3335: 3066:Mineiro, Do G1 Triângulo (24 September 2016). 1166:from Maranhão (A state of Brazil) was proven. 3847:National Spiritualist Association of Churches 3321: 1684:Brasil, Coração do Mundo, Pátria do Evangelho 889: 2937:(In Portuguese). Visited page in 17/12/2014. 2915: 2699:(In Portuguese). Época Magazine, 01/03/2010. 2598:. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2013;34(8):745–55. 1157:Lawsuit from the widow of Humberto de Campos 3232:. Planeta do Brasil Publishing, 2004. p. 58 3092:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2812: 2773:"Spiritualism in Brazil: Alive and Kicking" 60:Learn how and when to remove these messages 3328: 3314: 2550: 2548: 2524: 2522: 960:and is popularly known as "Chico Xavier" ( 896: 882: 198:. Please do not remove this message until 3857:Spiritualist Association of Great Britain 3024:Society for Psychical Research (online). 1522:Chico Xavier wrote most of 450 allegedly 1063: 236:Learn how and when to remove this message 218:Learn how and when to remove this message 157:Learn how and when to remove this message 1513: 1426:(founder of the aviation in Brazil) and 1371: 1365:(founder of the aviation in Brazil) and 1067: 194:Relevant discussion may be found on the 3065: 3000:"Law nº 12.065, de 29/10/2009 – Brazil" 2633: 2631: 2629: 2545: 2519: 2460:Queda e Ascensão da Casa dos Benefícios 1211: 4171: 3178: 3006:from the original on 24 September 2015 2750:from the original on 15 September 2012 2682: 2680: 2678: 2653: 1592: 1509: 1482: 996:. In 2010, a movie biography entitled 931:[fɾɐ̃ˈsiskudʒiˈpawlɐˈkɐ̃dʒidu] 3872:International Spiritualist Federation 3309: 2790: 2788: 2720:from the original on 8 September 2010 2554: 1445:Livro dos Heróis e Heroínas da Pátria 1408:O Maior Brasileiro de Todos os Tempos 1291: 1084:capacities and introduced him to the 1016:O Maior Brasileiro de Todos os Tempos 1006:, the film dramatized Xavier's life. 929: 915: 680:Prizes for evidence of the paranormal 2879:Praticando o Bem (6 February 2024). 2850:"Memória Viva apresenta: O Cruzeiro" 2767: 2765: 2626: 1830:Nosso Lar: Life in the Spirit World 1531:, French, German, Italian, Russian, 1518:Chico Xavier psychographing Emmanuel 1221:The case Davi Nasser and Jean Manzon 1108:in 1931, when he published the book 1072:Spiritist Center Luiz Gonzaga (2008) 1002:was released in Brazil. Directed by 168: 95:adding citations to reliable sources 66: 25: 4194:20th-century Brazilian male writers 3827:List of Spiritualist organizations 3300:FEB – Federação Espírita Brasileira 3027:Chico Xavier: Medium of the Century 2799:Language Myths, Mysteries and Magic 2782:. Csicop.org. Retrieved 2014-10-11. 2675: 2533:Chico Xavier, Medium of the Century 1458: 13: 2785: 2567:from the original on 23 April 2019 1277:Interviews on the television show 1260:On May 22, 1965; Chico Xavier and 984:, and later as a professor at the 670:James Randi Educational Foundation 14: 4240: 3296:Portal Luz Espírita in Portuguese 3269: 3253:from the original on 12 June 2018 3184:Alaide Barbosa dos Santos Filha. 2860:from the original on 3 March 2016 2830:from the original on 4 March 2016 2762: 41:This article has multiple issues. 3187:A Psicografia como Meio de Prova 2016:The Pathway, The Truth and Life 1190:Astral City: A Spiritual Journey 260: 173: 71: 30: 3235: 3222: 3200: 3152: 3126: 3100: 3059: 3040: 3018: 2992: 2966: 2940: 2901: 2872: 2842: 2689:Chico Xavier e a alma do Brasil 2535:. Roundtable Publishing, 2010, 964:is the Portuguese nickname for 952:Xavier was born in the city of 655:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry 82:needs additional citations for 49:or discuss these issues on the 4199:20th-century Brazilian writers 3290:Portal Luz Espírita in English 2974:"Sobre a Casa de Chico Xavier" 2801:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 113. 2732: 2702: 2579: 1432:abolition of slavery in Brazil 1336:Chico Xavier passed away from 1300:In 1994, the American tabloid 1099: 1: 3852:Spiritualists' National Union 3037:. Visited page in 17/12/1014. 2512: 1552:Federação Espírita Brasileira 1233:Partnership with Waldo Vieira 609:Reportedly haunted locations: 4229:20th-century philanthropists 3842:London Spiritualist Alliance 2659:Moreira-Almeida, Alexander. 2555:Bello, Alex (11 July 2002). 2167:In the Realms of Mediumship 1917:Workers of the Eternal Life 1527:English, Spanish, Japanese, 1177: 1030: 1025: 7: 4219:Brazilian spiritual writers 4214:Brazilian spiritual mediums 3302:Spirit Federation of Brazil 3249:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 3193:September 16, 2014, at the 2495: 2163:Nos Domínios da Mediunidade 1502:has also accused Xavier of 1348: 448:Electronic voice phenomenon 200:conditions to do so are met 10: 4245: 4189:People from Pedro Leopoldo 2882:Chico Xavier no Pinga-Fogo 1874:Missionaries of the Light 1611: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1183: 1104:He became widely known in 926:Francisco de Paula Cândido 18: 4209:Brazilian philanthropists 3880: 3862:Spiritual church movement 3819: 3438: 3347: 3282:TVCEI – A sua TV Espirita 3166:(in Brazilian Portuguese) 3140:(in Brazilian Portuguese) 3114:(in Brazilian Portuguese) 3074:(in Brazilian Portuguese) 2980:(in Brazilian Portuguese) 2954:(in Brazilian Portuguese) 2646:16 September 2014 at the 2255:Mecanismos da Mediunidade 2148:Between Heaven and Earth 1406:In 2012, on the TV show " 1116:pt:Parnaso de Além-Túmulo 1110:Parnassus Beyond the Tomb 324: 301: 271: 259: 252: 3033:18 December 2014 at the 2933:18 December 2014 at the 2778:13 December 2014 at the 2668:18 December 2014 at the 2557:"Obituary: Chico Xavier" 1709:On the Way to the Light 1338:cardiorespiratory arrest 1331: 1267:The World of The Spirits 1009:On October 3, 2012, the 922:Francisco Cândido Xavier 720:Apparitional experiences 4224:Brazilian spiritualists 4128:C. E. Bechhofer Roberts 3993:Carlos María de Heredia 3230:Por Trás do Véu de Ísis 3206:Cintia Alves da Silva. 3052:29 October 2013 at the 2771:Mori, Kentaro. (2010). 2695:3 November 2012 at the 2650:. Le Monde, 12/05/2010. 2605:1 February 2018 at the 2237:Evolução em Dois Mundos 2012:Caminho, Verdade e Vida 1912:Obreiros da Vida Eterna 1730:Two Thousand Years Ago 1643:Crônicas de Além-Túmulo 1273:; Portuguese version). 778:Argument from ignorance 745:Out-of-body experiences 458:Extrasensory perception 4058:Charles Arthur Mercier 3867:Arthur Findlay College 3706:William Stainton Moses 3671:Gladys Osborne Leonard 3247:obraspsicografadas.org 2854:www.memoriaviva.com.br 2507:Divaldo Pereira Franco 2442:Mediunidade e Sintonia 2273:Religião dos Espíritos 1622:Parnaso de Além-Túmulo 1519: 1377: 1202:movie of the same name 1114: 1073: 1064:Contact with Spiritism 917:[ˈʃikuʃɐviˈɛʁ] 803:Communal reinforcement 4018:Stanley LeFevre Krebs 3923:Milbourne Christopher 3832:Spiritualist churches 3701:Lorin Morgan-Richards 3696:William Usborne Moore 3365:Cross-Correspondences 3278:World Spiritist Board 3228:Souto Maior, Marcel. 3215:May 29, 2014, at the 2710:"Chico Xavier (film)" 2640:Un homme insignifiant 2291:O Espírito da Verdade 2144:Entre a Terra e o Céu 1958:In the Greater World 1746:Cinquenta Anos Depois 1517: 1430:(responsible for the 1424:Alberto Santos-Dumont 1375: 1363:Alberto Santos-Dumont 1078:obsession (Spiritism) 1071: 783:Argumentum ad populum 715:Anomalous experiences 695:Scientific skepticism 513:Paranormal television 4033:John Nevil Maskelyne 3933:Edmund Smith Conklin 2928:– Uberaba Government 2616:15 June 2017 at the 2502:Eurípedes Barsanulfo 2411:Instituto de Difusão 2345:E a Vida Continua... 2204:Action and Reaction 1367:Juscelino Kubitschek 1212:The case Amauri Pena 798:Cognitive dissonance 793:Begging the question 740:Ideomotor phenomenon 91:improve this article 4108:Julien J. Proskauer 3898:George Miller Beard 3893:John Henry Anderson 3631:Daniel Dunglas Home 3348:History and beliefs 2611:Indexed in Espirita 1869:Missionários da Luz 1691:Humberto de Campos 1593:Main psychographies 1569:and the Brazilians 1510:Psychographic works 1483:Skeptical reception 1343:2002 FIFA World Cup 1013:television TV show 848:Scientific evidence 690:Scientific literacy 187:of this article is 21:Chico Xavier (film) 4148:Ivor Lloyd Tuckett 3983:William A. Hammond 3786:Stanisława Tomczyk 3776:Emanuel Swedenborg 3726:Ethel Post-Parrish 3691:Francis Ward Monck 3536:Arthur Conan Doyle 3410:Spirit photography 2889:. Praticando o Bem 2820:"Infancia sofrida" 2594:2014-04-09 at the 2529:Playfair, Guy Lyon 2467:Bezerra de Menezes 2054:Jesus in the Home 1751:Fifty Years Later 1650:Humberto de Campos 1520: 1490:Skeptical Inquirer 1378: 1322:Spiritist Doctrine 1292:The 1980s and '90s 1163:Humberto de Campos 1139:Bezerra de Menezes 1074: 558:Spirit photography 508:Paranormal fiction 428:Demonic possession 19:For the film, see 4166: 4165: 4153:Lyttelton Winslow 4118:Donovan Rawcliffe 4083:E. Clephan Palmer 4053:Georgess McHargue 3943:Stuart Cumberland 3918:William Carpenter 3837:Spiritist centres 3796:George Valiantine 3716:Eusapia Palladino 3686:Carmine Mirabelli 3646:Swami Laura Horos 3596:Kathleen Goligher 3521:Geraldine Cummins 3476:Stephen E. Braude 3415:Spirit possession 3400:Spiritual healing 3360:Automatic writing 3072:Triângulo Mineiro 2807:978-1-137-40484-8 2742:(in Portuguese). 2686:Martha Mendonça. 2600:Indexed in PubMed 2493: 2492: 2391:Comunhão Espírita 2349:And Life Goes On 2219:Pensamento e Vida 1977:Christian Agenda 1790:Paul and Stephen 1609:Spiritual author 1579:Augusto dos Anjos 1563:Antero de Quental 1309:National Examiner 1303:National Examiner 1127:Manuel da Nóbrega 906: 905: 853:Scientific method 563:Spirit possession 373:Astral projection 344: 343: 246: 245: 238: 228: 227: 220: 167: 166: 159: 141: 64: 4236: 4098:Massimo Polidoro 4048:Henry C. McComas 3953:Joseph Dunninger 3731:James Van Praagh 3621:Gordon Higginson 3561:William Eglinton 3405:Spirit obsession 3330: 3323: 3316: 3307: 3306: 3263: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3239: 3233: 3226: 3220: 3204: 3198: 3182: 3176: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3156: 3150: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3130: 3124: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3104: 3098: 3097: 3091: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3063: 3057: 3044: 3038: 3022: 3016: 3015: 3013: 3011: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2970: 2964: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2944: 2938: 2922: 2913: 2912: 2905: 2899: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2876: 2870: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2846: 2840: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2816: 2810: 2795:Stollznow, Karen 2792: 2783: 2769: 2760: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2736: 2730: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2706: 2700: 2684: 2673: 2657: 2651: 2635: 2624: 2583: 2577: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2552: 2543: 2526: 2422:Retratos da Vida 2313:Sex and Destiny 2075:Our Daily Bread 1725:Há Dois Mil Anos 1704:A Caminho da Luz 1606:English version 1597: 1596: 1567:Guerra Junqueiro 1459:Biographic movie 1253:, youth issues, 1119: 974:Publius Lentulus 933: 919: 914: 898: 891: 884: 788:Bandwagon effect 685:Pseudoskepticism 675:Magical thinking 346: 345: 308: 285: 283: 264: 250: 249: 241: 234: 223: 216: 212: 209: 203: 177: 176: 169: 162: 155: 151: 148: 142: 140: 99: 75: 67: 56: 34: 33: 26: 4244: 4243: 4239: 4238: 4237: 4235: 4234: 4233: 4169: 4168: 4167: 4162: 4158:Richard Wiseman 4088:Ronald Pearsall 4068:John Mulholland 4023:Rose Mackenberg 3988:C. E. M. Hansel 3973:G. Stanley Hall 3876: 3815: 3781:Rosina Thompson 3741:Estelle Roberts 3681:Heinrich Melzer 3656:James H. Hyslop 3626:Richard Hodgson 3516:William Crookes 3434: 3380:Materialization 3343: 3334: 3272: 3267: 3266: 3256: 3254: 3241: 3240: 3236: 3227: 3223: 3217:Wayback Machine 3205: 3201: 3195:Wayback Machine 3183: 3179: 3169: 3167: 3158: 3157: 3153: 3143: 3141: 3132: 3131: 3127: 3117: 3115: 3106: 3105: 3101: 3085: 3084: 3077: 3075: 3064: 3060: 3054:Wayback Machine 3045: 3041: 3035:Wayback Machine 3023: 3019: 3009: 3007: 2998: 2997: 2993: 2983: 2981: 2972: 2971: 2967: 2957: 2955: 2946: 2945: 2941: 2935:Wayback Machine 2923: 2916: 2907: 2906: 2902: 2892: 2890: 2877: 2873: 2863: 2861: 2848: 2847: 2843: 2833: 2831: 2818: 2817: 2813: 2793: 2786: 2780:Wayback Machine 2770: 2763: 2753: 2751: 2738: 2737: 2733: 2723: 2721: 2714:Rotten Tomatoes 2708: 2707: 2703: 2697:Wayback Machine 2685: 2676: 2670:Wayback Machine 2658: 2654: 2648:Wayback Machine 2637:Langellier JP. 2636: 2627: 2622:in Chico Xavier 2618:Wayback Machine 2607:Wayback Machine 2596:Wayback Machine 2584: 2580: 2570: 2568: 2553: 2546: 2527: 2520: 2515: 2498: 2413:Espírita (IDE) 2412: 2392: 1890:Lázaro Redivivo 1853:The Messengers 1785:Paulo e Estevão 1595: 1545:criminal trials 1512: 1500:Karen Stollznow 1485: 1461: 1428:Princess Isabel 1351: 1334: 1294: 1282: 1235: 1223: 1214: 1192: 1182: 1159: 1102: 1066: 1033: 1028: 912: 902: 873: 872: 768: 760: 759: 730:False awakening 710: 700: 699: 645: 635: 634: 533:Psychic reading 468:Fortune-telling 403:Close encounter 368: 320: 310: 306: 297: 287: 281: 279: 278: 277: 267: 255: 242: 231: 230: 229: 224: 213: 207: 204: 193: 178: 174: 163: 152: 146: 143: 100: 98: 88: 76: 35: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4242: 4232: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4164: 4163: 4161: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4133:Chung Ling Soo 4130: 4125: 4123:Joseph F. 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Hall 3975: 3970: 3968:Martin Gardner 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3938:Millais Culpin 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3908:Lionel Branson 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3884: 3882: 3878: 3877: 3875: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3823: 3821: 3817: 3816: 3814: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3756:Rudi Schneider 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3636:Elizabeth Hope 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3591:Eileen Garrett 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3486:Rosemary Brown 3483: 3481:William Breeze 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3461:Charles Bailey 3458: 3453: 3451:Rosemary Altea 3448: 3442: 3440: 3436: 3435: 3433: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 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4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4008:Harry Houdini 4006: 4004: 4003:Terence Hines 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3948:Eric Dingwall 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3885: 3883: 3879: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3824: 3822: 3820:Organizations 3818: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3761:Maria Silbert 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3721:Leonora Piper 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3711:Einer Nielsen 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3666:Franek Kluski 3664: 3662: 3659: 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