321:. To legally import more Chinese laborers, the Brazilian government negotiated a commercial treaty with China, but China signed the commercial treaty with reluctance in Tianjin, China on September 5, 1880 with a revised contract on October 3, 1881. With the low cost of transportation that is 35 milreis per passenger, which was less than 20 U.S dollars, the new Brazilian companies tried to seek more laborers from China by connecting with the director of the China Merchants Steam Navigation Company called Tong King Sing. Despite the plans to transport more Chinese laborers to Brazil, the Chinese government continued displaying hesitant attitude in the 1890s. Therefore, China was not a viable alternative for Brazil in its search for new sources of labor in the second half of the 19th century and early 20th century.
480:
309:. As a result, the number of Afro-Brazilians slaves decreased gradually, which created labor shortages. To solve the problem, the Brazilians came up with a plan of having immigrants to the country to replace the slaves. The Brazilian government and plantation owners started looking to different areas of the world to try to find suitable groups to import into the country, Europe ended up being the most relevant, and, later on, Japan and the Ottoman Empire were also major sources of immigration to Brazil, but India and China were also considered.
494:
243:
Japan, but small numbers of
Chinese immigrants are said to have reached Brazil during the 19th century (less than 3 thousand total). There are reports of Chinese laborers arriving in Brazil exist as early as the 1870s, but those early flows were limited due to restrictions imposed by the Chinese government; therefore, the vast majority of the contemporary population of Chinese ancestry in Brazil is descended of much later flows of immigrants into the country, starting in the 1900s.
508:
973:
313:
prohibited all other forms of immigration but the voluntary ones, and allowed importation of laborers only to countries with commercial treaties. Despite the barriers set by the
Chinese government, Brazilian companies still managed to have 1,000 Chinese to work as tea planters in 1874. In 1875, the Brazilian companies tried to bring in more Chinese workers to Brazil by recruiting those in the province of
436:
cultural heritage and having other political members and
Chinese overseas to participate in cultural events. With her involvement in Chinese culture promotion, acupuncture is now popular among Brazilians for chronic arthritis, martial arts has been a popular self-defense with large number of schools, and Peking Opera has widely used in performances which was performed by Brazilians.
351:
second wave of immigration in the 1970s and 1980s, when China opened its economy, and a third wave more recently in the 2000s due to the increasing presence of
Chinese companies and investments in Latin America. Nowadays, about 40 thousand Chinese citizens and a total of around 200 thousand people of Chinese ancestry live in Brazil.
334:
Brazil, due to perceived cultural and racial inferiority to the
Europeans, and feared the consequences of introducing "alien populations" that did not match the traditional composition of the Brazilian population at the time (mostly of European and African ancestry). On the other hand, some, such as the Republican leader
376:
30 years, replacing a previous generation of mostly Arab shop-owners. A similar phenomenon exists in the SAARA commercial district of Rio de
Janeiro, where around 20% of the shops are owned by Chinese immigrants and their descendants when traditionally that area was dominated by Syrian and Lebanese businesses.
375:
25 de Março street in São Paulo is a place with 2.5 km in length (approximately 1.55 miles) where some
Chinese Brazilians mainly sell their merchandise to make a living. There are more than 3,000 Chinese Brazilian-run stores out of 4,000 shops in total, and the expansion took place in less than
435:
Shaoyu Li (李少玉), as a
Cantonese descent, was elected as a member of parliament for São Paulo in 2010, which she was the first Chinese Brazilian woman in politics. With the mission of promoting Chinese culture and serving Chinese overseas, Li has been assisting youth Chinese Brazilians finding their
341:
The most important waves of
Chinese immigration to Brazil took place after World War 2, and particularly in the late 1970s when Chinese immigrants from the provinces Guangdong and Zhejiang, and from the cities of Shanghai and Beijing settled in Brazil. These new immigrants came to comprise the vast
257:
settle in São Paulo. Some
Chinese immigrants work as merchants for international trade, lawyers, member of the parliament and the house of representatives and doctors. Chinese immigrants have integrated into the Brazilian society by building inter-cultural exchange in the communities. Besides being
366:
Chinese merchants started to expand their business after immigration, but some negative influences hindered the growth. For instance, in 2007, the Brazilian judicial system had settled down the largest shopping center and 50 stores in São Paulo, and arrested six merchants. Even though there were
242:
in 1850, there was a growing labor shortage in the booming coffee plantations of southwestern Brazil during the second half of the 19th century, which led the Brazilian government to look for alternative sources of labor elsewhere. The main sources of replacement labor were Europe and, later on,
350:
The vast majority of Chinese immigration to Brazil took place in the 20th and 21st centuries. Officially, the first ship bringing Chinese immigrants arrived in the country in 1900, and the number of immigrants started to increase particularly after the end of the Chinese Civil War. There was a
333:
that defended the need to import more European immigrants into Brazil in order to "whiten" its population. In this context, the idea of inviting Asian workers, including those of Japanese and Chinese origin, was seen by some as a possible set back that could harm the process of "europeanizing"
324:
The issue of how to replace slave labor raised huge controversies in Brazil, and there were both sides that defended and criticized the alternative of inviting in Chinese immigrants to work in the coffee plantations One such argument that was a cause of much controversy was the idea of racial
312:
In this context, the Brazilian government also considered importing Chinese laborers, just like other tropical nations which had done the same since the 1840s. However, as China had known that the Chinese laborers had received harsh labor treatments in countries like Cuba and Peru, China had
439:
William Woo (威廉巫): a second generation Chinese Brazilian. In 2000, he was elected as a member of parliament for the city of São Paulo and continued through re-election in 2004. Wu was elected as a federal house of representative, which he was the first Chinese Brazilian in political
297:
It is known that there were Chinese in Brazil as far back as the early 19th century; Rugendas painted a depiction of Chinese Tea planters in Rio de Janeiro during the period of the Portuguese Royal family in Brazil. In 1814
342:
majority of the population of Chinese ancestry in Brazil, and changed the landscape of the population of Asian ancestry in the country, up to that point comprised almost exclusively of Japanese descendants.
2603:
2958:
2610:
2589:
2596:
926:. Fundação João Nabuco/João Nabuco Foundation of Brazil together with the International Institute of Macau present: "The Chinese Presence in Brazil - A Bibliographic Research".
2622:
2419:
3563:
238:
The first Chinese people came to Brazil in 1814, when Chinese tea planters were sent from Portugal to the Royal Botanical Garden in Rio de Janeiro. Following the end of
961:
2630:
1322:
305:
Chinese people started moving to Brazil in the late 19th century when Brazil abolished the slave trade, which had as a necessary consequence the eventual doom of
274:, is also spoken), allowing them to adjust more easily to life in Brazil. In the 1950s, there was also a wave of Chinese immigrants belonging to the country's
870:
443:
Lucia Wu (吳映香), a Brazilian singer of Chinese descent, born and raised in São Paulo. Relocating to Beijing at 8 years-old, she was one of the participants in
1957:
662:
384:
The Brazilian House of Representatives and the city of São Paulo Parliament passed the proposal of setting August 15 as "Chinese Immigrants Day."
708:
954:
3086:
838:
3771:
1279:
777:
2404:
939:
3488:
2747:
1287:
947:
3009:
1503:
1312:
1302:
1292:
550:"'Estou orgulhoso com a minha raíz da China' --Leone Da Silveira Lee, primeiro e único general brasileiro com descendência chinesa"
1445:
2885:
1913:
1681:
1350:
3584:
3117:
3080:
2108:
2063:
1472:
1370:
1297:
824:
3076:
2429:
1707:
1360:
1307:
907:
552:['I am proud of my Chinese roots' --Leone Da Silveira Lee, the first and only Brazilian general of Chinese descent].
359:
There are currently a total of around 350,000 Chinese immigrants and descendants in Brazil. About 200,000 of them reside in
3761:
3639:
3039:
2098:
1987:
1355:
1524:
263:
250:
3766:
2206:
1365:
923:
3711:
3307:
3029:
1467:
1455:
3573:
1493:
738:
584:
17:
2290:
2048:
874:
1982:
1171:
444:
3375:
2740:
2457:
2041:
1868:
1600:
1440:
1149:
756:"Russian immigration to Brazil in the first half of the 20th century: migration routes and adaptation patterns"
2570:
666:
235:
ancestry or birth. The ethnic Chinese population in Brazil was estimated to be approximately 250,000 in 2007.
3696:
3093:
2657:
2652:
2565:
2247:
1942:
1577:
1166:
3442:
3287:
3228:
3223:
3135:
2931:
2926:
2916:
2808:
2517:
2305:
2154:
1947:
1498:
1006:
977:
267:
969:
627:
Conrad, Robert (1975). "The Planter Class and the Debate over Chinese Immigration to Brazil, 1850- 1893".
3590:
3457:
2394:
2201:
2174:
2164:
2149:
2068:
1906:
895:
A China no Brasil: influências, marcas, ecos e sobrevivências chinesas na sociedade e na arte brasileiras
1225:
3741:
3634:
3613:
3551:
3546:
3452:
3447:
3254:
2970:
2906:
2875:
2854:
2844:
2512:
2342:
2257:
2242:
521:
1758:
3568:
3558:
3541:
3520:
3515:
3336:
3191:
2936:
2911:
2880:
2828:
2823:
2792:
2777:
2733:
2583:
2537:
2527:
2267:
2191:
2078:
2058:
1977:
396:, a Brazilian actor of Chinese descent, popular TV series star in Taiwan and Mainland China (born in
3659:
3654:
3649:
3525:
3483:
3478:
3270:
3145:
2999:
2965:
2921:
2901:
2859:
2328:
2088:
2024:
1967:
1820:
1477:
1345:
848:
3618:
3608:
3249:
3244:
3171:
2849:
2813:
2787:
2782:
2635:
2414:
1722:
1550:
1508:
1269:
526:
1208:
755:
3706:
3473:
2953:
2818:
2424:
2374:
2252:
2196:
2159:
2139:
2134:
1899:
1848:
1572:
731:
Negotiating national identity: immigrants, minorities, and the struggle for ethnicity in Brazil
684:
403:
1712:
577:
Negotiating National Identity: Immigrants, Minorities and the Struggle for Ethnicity in Brazil
3684:
2462:
2389:
2237:
2169:
2036:
1863:
1858:
1763:
1717:
1560:
1380:
900:
China in Brazil: Chinese influences, marks, echoes and survivals in Brazilian society and art
802:
3370:
2547:
2492:
2364:
2359:
2014:
1738:
1691:
1655:
1375:
1330:
1259:
1254:
1246:
1011:
239:
123:
2942:
8:
3733:
3679:
3292:
3196:
3140:
3111:
3104:
3070:
3063:
2532:
2507:
2399:
2379:
2320:
2211:
2181:
2144:
2031:
1997:
1799:
1768:
1743:
1640:
1582:
1555:
1540:
1450:
1335:
1232:
1203:
933:
299:
282:
270:
in 1949. These Macau immigrants can usually speak and understand Portuguese (its Creole,
212:
48:
367:
illegal operations and smuggling among the Chinese immigrants, it was not the majority.
3644:
3404:
3186:
3161:
3034:
2647:
2575:
2557:
2522:
2472:
2354:
2300:
2272:
2122:
2103:
1875:
1795:
1789:
1773:
1753:
1686:
1340:
1237:
644:
254:
139:
772:
549:
3319:
3280:
3275:
3181:
3098:
3057:
3024:
2991:
2700:
2693:
2487:
2449:
2310:
2225:
2083:
2053:
2019:
1934:
1926:
1810:
1660:
1650:
1565:
1462:
1264:
903:
734:
702:
580:
464:
460:
421:
335:
306:
275:
271:
2295:
820:
98:
3721:
3716:
3701:
3358:
3176:
3019:
3014:
2948:
2756:
2482:
2477:
2384:
2277:
2262:
1962:
1880:
1815:
1805:
1748:
1665:
1645:
1615:
1409:
1394:
1064:
1029:
767:
636:
411:
326:
286:
249:
now has the largest Chinese Brazilian population, in particular in the district of
224:
200:
192:
135:
68:
2434:
790:
and the third one is the resettlement of the Russians from China during the 1950s.
302:
brought 300 Chinese from Macau to work in the Botanical Garden of Rio de Janeiro.
3691:
3578:
3409:
3314:
3297:
2709:
2642:
2542:
2502:
2439:
2369:
1952:
1853:
1545:
1118:
1103:
893:
196:
159:
3419:
3424:
3004:
2282:
2093:
1050:
454:
232:
110:
102:
3414:
3755:
3341:
3049:
2714:
2467:
2186:
936:, the title meaning "Diglossie - Patterns of Language of Chinese Immigrants .
929:
513:
499:
3387:
2009:
1214:
485:
450:
407:
155:
2662:
463:, Brazilian-born songwriter and record producer; his maternal family were
425:
360:
246:
3329:
2497:
338:, defended the notion that having Chinese laborers would benefit Brazil.
258:
an area famous for its strong Japanese presence, a significant number of
1071:
3397:
3380:
3351:
3324:
3302:
2409:
1972:
1124:
1000:
648:
318:
168:
1016:
424:, 2016 Olympic silver medalist in shooting - 10 m air pistol (born in
2667:
1220:
843:
393:
314:
131:
1090:
640:
3392:
2725:
2073:
1044:
902:] (in Portuguese). UNICAMP. Universidade Estadual de Campinas.
330:
266:, and many Chinese immigrants have come to Liberdade following the
172:
106:
1891:
3363:
3346:
2672:
1130:
1080:
1037:
1022:
1922:
981:
429:
397:
259:
176:
1057:
415:
579:. Durham & London: Duke University Press. p. 16.
285:, although some may be bilingual, speaking Portuguese and
930:
Padrões de Linguagem nos Imigrantes Chineses - Diglossia.
325:"whitening", which is a concept inspired in the ideas of
733:. Durham, N.C: Duke University Press. pp. 17–21.
924:
A Presença Chinesa no Brasil - Pesquisa Bibliográfica
281:
Today, the majority of Chinese Brazilians only speak
475:
345:
544:
542:
262:immigrants out of 70,000 in total, have settled in
3753:
821:"Brazilian Federal The House of Representatives"
539:
40:
891:
871:"Error | Focus Taiwan - CNA English News"
2741:
1907:
955:
685:"巴西设中国移民日 侨胞两百年辛苦打拼终获认可 - 华人新闻_海外华人新闻网 - 海外网"
60:
54:
863:
753:
747:
707:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2748:
2734:
1914:
1900:
962:
948:
839:"Walter Afanasieff biography at AOL Music"
3325:Peranakan / Baba Nyonya / Straits Chinese
771:
379:
3736:of France in the western Indian Ocean.
932:This is a scholarly article written in
831:
14:
3754:
827:from the original on February 4, 2016.
728:
626:
574:
370:
27:Brazilians of Chinese birth or descent
2729:
1895:
943:
892:Teixeira Leite, José Roberto (1999).
622:
620:
618:
616:
2755:
724:
722:
720:
718:
678:
676:
614:
612:
610:
608:
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
354:
93:Regions with significant populations
3772:Brazilian people of Chinese descent
1988:Sixth (New) Republic (1985–present)
1921:
24:
682:
25:
3783:
1983:Military dictatorship (1964–1985)
917:
780:from the original on 6 March 2022
773:10.46272/2409-3416-2020-8-3-54-73
715:
673:
593:
387:
346:20th and 21st Century Immigration
1968:First (Old) Republic (1889–1930)
971:
554:China Radio International online
506:
492:
478:
813:
795:
655:
629:International Migration Review
568:
13:
1:
532:
83:
2881:Democratic Republic of Congo
556:(in Portuguese). 22 May 2007
7:
3762:Chinese diaspora by country
2430:Water supply and sanitation
1978:Fourth Republic (1946–1964)
1953:Colonial Brazil (1500–1815)
471:
10:
3788:
3767:Chinese diaspora in Brazil
1958:United Kingdom (1815–1822)
885:
754:Ruseishvili, S.A. (2021).
453:, Brazilian footballer of
292:
229:巴西華人 / 巴西华人 or 巴西華裔 / 巴西华裔
3730:
3672:
3627:
3601:
3534:
3508:
3501:
3466:
3435:
3263:
3237:
3216:
3209:
3154:
3128:
3048:
2990:
2983:
2894:
2868:
2837:
2801:
2770:
2763:
2687:
2556:
2448:
2350:
2341:
2319:
2233:
2224:
2212:President of the Republic
2130:
2121:
2005:
1996:
1933:
1841:
1782:
1731:
1700:
1674:
1633:
1624:
1608:
1599:
1533:
1517:
1486:
1428:
1419:
1402:
1393:
1321:
1278:
1245:
1197:
1190:
1158:
1141:
1111:
1102:
992:
988:
760:Cuadernos Iberoamericanos
447:and concluded with No.22.
240:transatlantic slave trade
228:
190:
185:
153:
148:
121:
116:
97:
92:
82:
77:
61:
55:
38:
2135:Administrative divisions
1204:American (United States)
729:Lesser, Jeffrey (1999).
575:Lesser, Jeffrey (1999).
406:, an Olympic Athlete in
276:ethnic Russian community
527:Brazil-Taiwan relations
2291:Science and technology
1973:Vargas Era (1930–1946)
1849:Demographics of Brazil
978:Ancestry and ethnicity
803:"Candidate: Shaoyu Li"
522:Brazil–China relations
380:Recognition and legacy
253:. The majority of the
216:
41:
1226:Santa Bárbara d'Oeste
851:on September 16, 2009
186:Related ethnic groups
3489:United Arab Emirates
3381:Straits-Born Chinese
2109:World Heritage Sites
2042:Environmental issues
2015:Brazilian Antarctica
361:São Paulo, São Paulo
268:Communist revolution
231:) are Brazilians of
3734:overseas department
3040:Trinidad and Tobago
2658:Syncretic Religions
2566:Freedom of religion
2248:Automotive industry
877:on August 20, 2010.
689:huaren.haiwainet.cn
371:The Brazilian Dream
300:John VI of Portugal
35:
3742:Hong Kong Diaspora
3010:Dominican Republic
2618:Eastern Orthodoxy
2611:Ukrainian Catholic
2306:Telecommunications
1963:Empire (1822–1889)
1948:Indigenous peoples
1007:Indigenous peoples
255:Chinese immigrants
209:Chinese Brazilians
140:languages of China
34:Chinese Brazilians
33:
3749:
3748:
3688:
3668:
3667:
3587:
3497:
3496:
3376:Chinese nationals
3303:Peranakan Chinese
3205:
3204:
3118:by city and state
3114:
3107:
3073:
3066:
2979:
2978:
2886:Republic of Congo
2723:
2722:
2683:
2682:
2625:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2590:Armenian Catholic
2395:Income inequality
2337:
2336:
2220:
2219:
2207:Political parties
2202:National Congress
2165:Freedom of speech
2150:Foreign relations
2117:
2116:
1889:
1888:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1389:
1388:
1180:
1179:
909:978-85-268-0436-4
461:Walter Afanasieff
422:Felipe Almeida Wu
355:Life in São Paulo
336:Quintino Bocayuva
272:Macanese or Patuá
221:Chinês-brasileiro
206:
205:
160:Roman Catholicism
18:Chinese Brazilian
16:(Redirected from
3779:
3712:Papua New Guinea
3682:
3583:
3506:
3505:
3214:
3213:
3110:
3103:
3077:British Columbia
3069:
3062:
2988:
2987:
2768:
2767:
2757:Overseas Chinese
2750:
2743:
2736:
2727:
2726:
2703:
2696:
2621:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2513:National symbols
2348:
2347:
2286:
2258:Economic history
2243:Animal husbandry
2231:
2230:
2128:
2127:
2003:
2002:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1893:
1892:
1631:
1630:
1606:
1605:
1426:
1425:
1400:
1399:
1195:
1194:
1109:
1108:
990:
989:
976:
975:
974:
964:
957:
950:
941:
940:
913:
879:
878:
873:. Archived from
867:
861:
860:
858:
856:
847:. Archived from
835:
829:
828:
817:
811:
810:
799:
793:
792:
787:
785:
775:
751:
745:
744:
726:
713:
712:
706:
698:
696:
695:
680:
671:
670:
665:. Archived from
659:
653:
652:
624:
591:
590:
572:
566:
565:
563:
561:
546:
516:
511:
510:
509:
502:
497:
496:
495:
488:
483:
482:
481:
412:Nanning, Guangxi
327:Social Darwinism
230:
201:Overseas Chinese
193:Asian Brazilians
88:
85:
78:Total population
72:
64:
63:
58:
57:
52:
44:
42:Sino-brasileiros
36:
32:
21:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3744:
3726:
3664:
3623:
3597:
3530:
3493:
3462:
3431:
3308:Bangka-Belitung
3298:Benteng Chinese
3259:
3233:
3201:
3150:
3124:
3044:
2975:
2890:
2864:
2833:
2797:
2759:
2754:
2724:
2719:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2679:
2552:
2538:Science fiction
2528:Public holidays
2444:
2405:Life expectancy
2333:
2315:
2284:
2216:
2192:Law enforcement
2113:
2099:Water resources
2079:Protected areas
1992:
1929:
1920:
1890:
1885:
1825:
1778:
1727:
1696:
1670:
1626:
1620:
1587:
1529:
1513:
1482:
1421:
1415:
1385:
1317:
1280:Central America
1274:
1241:
1186:
1176:
1160:
1159:Central Africa
1154:
1143:
1137:
1098:
984:
972:
970:
968:
920:
910:
888:
883:
882:
869:
868:
864:
854:
852:
837:
836:
832:
819:
818:
814:
801:
800:
796:
783:
781:
752:
748:
741:
727:
716:
700:
699:
693:
691:
681:
674:
661:
660:
656:
641:10.2307/3002529
625:
594:
587:
573:
569:
559:
557:
548:
547:
540:
535:
512:
507:
505:
498:
493:
491:
484:
479:
477:
474:
465:Russian-Chinese
390:
382:
373:
357:
348:
295:
217:Sino-brasileiro
197:Macanese people
181:
163:
154:Predominantly:
144:
127:
86:
73:
66:
53:
46:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3785:
3775:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3747:
3746:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3685:from Hong Kong
3676:
3674:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3640:Czech Republic
3637:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3585:from Hong Kong
3579:United Kingdom
3576:
3571:
3566:
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3555:
3554:
3544:
3538:
3536:
3532:
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3378:
3368:
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3366:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3334:
3333:
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3327:
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3312:
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3310:
3305:
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3290:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3273:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3241:
3239:
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3234:
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3226:
3220:
3218:
3211:
3207:
3206:
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3200:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3149:
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3143:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3126:
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3123:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3108:
3105:from Hong Kong
3096:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3074:
3067:
3064:from Hong Kong
3054:
3052:
3046:
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3012:
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2454:
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2329:Rail transport
2325:
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2255:
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2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2175:Women's rights
2172:
2167:
2157:
2152:
2147:
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2125:
2119:
2118:
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2064:Largest cities
2061:
2056:
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2049:Extreme points
2046:
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2029:
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2027:
2025:Climate change
2017:
2012:
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1842:Related topics
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1051:Amazonian Jews
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994:
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944:
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918:External links
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111:Rio de Janeiro
103:Belo Horizonte
99:São Paulo City
95:
94:
90:
89:
87: 350,000
80:
79:
75:
74:
39:
29:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3099:United States
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2636:Protestantism
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2580:Christianity
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2420:States by HDI
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2415:Social issues
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1821:Luxembourgian
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2010:Amazon basin
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3112:from Taiwan
3071:from Taiwan
3030:Puerto Rico
2584:Catholicism
2498:Malandragem
2463:Archaeology
2390:Immigration
2296:Stock index
2238:Agriculture
2037:Environment
1869:from Europe
1864:Immigration
1859:Slave trade
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1561:Palestinian
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1420:By country
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1125:quilombolas
855:January 19,
445:Produce 101
3756:Categories
3443:Bangladesh
3410:Minh Hương
3288:East Timor
3229:Kyrgyzstan
3224:Kazakhstan
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2518:Newspapers
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2285:(currency)
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1293:Guatemalan
1012:Mixed-race
1001:Brazilians
934:Portuguese
784:4 November
694:2018-03-28
663:"僑委會全球資訊網"
533:References
319:California
283:Portuguese
213:Portuguese
124:Portuguese
49:Portuguese
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3371:Singapore
3293:Indonesia
3264:Southeast
3197:Venezuela
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3141:Nicaragua
3081:Vancouver
2992:Caribbean
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2663:Candomblé
2533:Sculpture
2508:Mythology
2458:Animation
2400:Languages
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2182:Judiciary
2145:Elections
2094:Time Zone
2069:Mountains
2032:Coastline
1998:Geography
1794:British (
1739:Bulgarian
1692:Ukrainian
1656:Hungarian
1627:or region
1504:Pakistani
1468:Malaysian
1422:or region
1376:Uruguayan
1346:Colombian
1331:Argentine
1255:Barbadian
1247:Caribbean
1221:New Texas
1209:Americana
1172:Congolese
1045:mamelucos
844:AOL Music
560:8 January
440:position.
426:São Paulo
410:(born in
394:Ken Chang
315:Guangdong
264:Liberdade
260:Taiwanese
251:Liberdade
247:São Paulo
132:Cantonese
117:Languages
3738:See also
3635:Bulgaria
3614:Portugal
3602:Southern
3509:Northern
3453:Pakistan
3393:Chin Haw
3388:Thailand
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3276:Cambodia
3255:Mongolia
3187:Suriname
3035:Suriname
2984:Americas
2971:Zimbabwe
2907:Botswana
2895:Southern
2876:Cameroon
2855:Tanzania
2845:Ethiopia
2710:Category
2648:Hinduism
2597:Maronite
2576:Buddhism
2558:Religion
2523:Painting
2473:Carnaval
2355:Abortion
2301:Taxation
2273:Industry
2197:Military
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2104:Wildlife
2074:Pantanal
1943:Timeline
1927:articles
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1191:Americas
1150:Nigerian
1073:caiçaras
1038:caboclos
1017:mestiços
825:Archived
778:Archived
703:cite web
683:L_3139.
472:See also
457:descent.
331:eugenics
173:Buddhism
164:Others:
158:(mainly
149:Religion
138:• Other
136:Mandarin
107:Curitiba
3673:Oceania
3645:Romania
3628:Eastern
3569:Ireland
3564:Hungary
3559:Germany
3542:Belgium
3535:Western
3521:Finland
3516:Denmark
3425:San Diu
3405:Vietnam
3364:Sangley
3347:Panthay
3337:Myanmar
3281:Hokkien
3217:Central
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3129:Central
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2778:Algeria
2694:Outline
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2653:Judaism
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2488:Cuisine
2450:Culture
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2343:Society
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2054:Geology
2020:Climate
1935:History
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1783:Western
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1066:juçaras
1059:cafuzos
1024:ainokos
886:Sources
807:cctv.cn
649:3002529
455:Chinese
404:Gui Lin
307:slavery
293:History
287:Chinese
233:Chinese
225:Chinese
69:Chinese
3697:Hawaii
3660:Turkey
3655:Serbia
3650:Russia
3591:London
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3271:Brunei
3177:Guyana
3167:Brazil
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3000:Belize
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2860:Uganda
2764:Africa
2715:Portal
2571:Baháʼí
2543:Sports
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2410:People
2385:Health
2278:Mining
2263:Energy
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1923:Brazil
1881:Racism
1811:French
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993:Brazil
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227::
191:Other
177:Taoism
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3155:South
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2850:Kenya
2814:Ghana
2788:Libya
2783:Egypt
2771:North
2701:Index
2643:Islam
2503:Music
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2370:Crime
2283:Real
1816:Irish
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1119:Black
898:[
645:JSTOR
416:China
3692:Fiji
3474:Iran
3467:West
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3415:Ngái
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3182:Peru
3005:Cuba
2838:East
2819:Mali
2802:West
2468:Arts
2170:LGBT
1798:and
1546:Arab
1473:Thai
1395:Asia
904:ISBN
857:2021
786:2022
735:ISBN
709:link
581:ISBN
562:2017
329:and
109:and
62:巴西华人
56:巴西華人
3732:An
2631:LDS
2187:Law
1014:or
980:in
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