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2858:(1966–1976) the CCP and the government emphasized modernity, cultural identity and China's social and economic reconstruction and contrasted them to the colonial and feudal past. The government established a grassroots health care system as a step in the search for a new national identity and tried to revitalize traditional medicine and made large investments in traditional medicine to try to develop affordable medical care and public health facilities. The Ministry of Health directed health care throughout China and established primary care units. Chinese physicians trained in Western medicine were required to learn traditional medicine, while traditional healers received training in modern methods. This strategy aimed to integrate modern medical concepts and methods and revitalize appropriate aspects of traditional medicine. Therefore, traditional Chinese medicine was re-created in response to Western medicine.
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4436:, which described the use of pulse in diagnosis, stated that pregnancy was "a condition marked by symptoms of the disorder in one whose pulse is normal" or "where the pulse and symptoms do not agree". Women were often silent about suspected pregnancy, which led to many men not knowing that their wife or daughter was pregnant until complications arrived. Complications through the misdiagnosis and the woman's reluctance to speak often led to medically induced abortions. Cheng, Furth wrote, "was unapologetic about endangering a fetus when pregnancy risked a mother's well being". The method of abortion was the ingestion of certain herbs and foods. Disappointment at the loss of the fetus often led to family discord.
4623:, "the six qi") were able to invade the body surface and to proceed to the interior. This is sometimes used to draw causal relationships (i.e., prior exposure to wind/cold/etc. is identified as the cause of a disease), while other authors explicitly deny a direct cause-effect relationship between weather conditions and disease, pointing out that the Six Excesses are primarily descriptions of a certain combination of symptoms translated into a pattern of disharmony. It is undisputed, though, that the Six Excesses can manifest inside the body without an external cause. In this case, they might be denoted "internal", e.g., "internal wind" or "internal fire (or heat)".
2698:. This book was compiled in the form of question-and-answer explanations. A total of 81 questions have been discussed. Therefore, it is also called "Eighty-One Nan". The book is based on basic theory and has also analyzed some disease certificates. Questions one to twenty-two is about pulse study, questions twenty-three to twenty-nine is about meridian study, questions thirty to forty-seven is related to urgent illnesses, questions forty-eight to sixty-one is related to serious diseases, questions sixty-two to sixty-eight is related to acupuncture points, and questions sixty-nine to eighty-one is related to the needlepoint methods.
6683:, Chinese medicine practitioners in Hong Kong were not recognized as "medical doctors", which means they could not issue prescription drugs, give injections, etc. However, TCM practitioners could register and operate TCM as "herbalists". The Chinese Medicine Council of Hong Kong was established in 1999. It regulates the compounds and professional standards for TCM practitioners. All TCM practitioners in Hong Kong are required to register with the council. The eligibility for registration includes a recognised 5-year university degree of TCM, a 30-week minimum supervised clinical internship, and passing the licensing exam.
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while most other issues were complex in
Chinese medical physiology, women's fertility issues were simple. Most syndrome types revolved around menstruation, or lack thereof. The patient was entrusted with recording not only the frequency, but also the "volume, color, consistency, and odor of menstrual flow." This placed responsibility of symptom recording on the patient, and was compounded by the earlier discussed issue of female chastity and honor. This meant that diagnosing female infertility was difficult, because the only symptoms that were recorded and monitored by the physician were the pulse and color of the tongue.
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physician would discuss the female's problems and diagnosis only through the male. However, in certain cases, when a woman dealt with complications of pregnancy or birth, older women assumed the role of the formal authority. Men in these situations would not have much power to interfere. Second, women were often silent about their issues with doctors due to the societal expectation of female modesty when a male figure was in the room. Third, patriarchal society also caused doctors to call women and children patients "the anonymous category of family members (
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plants, animal parts and minerals. Traditional
Chinese herbal remedies are conveniently available from grocery stores in most Chinese neighborhoods; some of these items may contain toxic ingredients, are imported into the U.S. illegally, and are associated with claims of therapeutic benefit without evidence. For most compounds, efficacy and toxicity testing are based on traditional knowledge rather than laboratory analysis. The toxicity in some cases could be confirmed by modern research (i.e., in scorpion); in some cases it could not (i.e., in
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wrote these studies instead of "books of prescriptions or advice manuals;" in their historical and environmental understanding, no two illnesses were alike so the healing strategies of the practitioner was unique every time to the specific diagnosis of the patient. Medical case studies existed throughout
Chinese history, but "individually authored and published case history" was a prominent creation of the Ming dynasty. An example such case studies would be the literati physician, Cheng Congzhou, collection of 93 cases published in 1644.
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involved discharge from her intimate areas. As Cheng describes, there were four standard methods of diagnosis – looking, asking, listening and smelling and touching (for pulse-taking). To maintain some form of modesty, women would often stay hidden behind curtains and screens. The doctor was allowed to touch enough of her body to complete his examination, often just the pulse taking. This would lead to situations where the symptoms and the doctor's diagnosis did not agree and the doctor would have to ask to view more of the patient.
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5118:, located two fingerbreadths from the wrist crease, one fingerbreadth from the wrist crease, and right at the wrist crease, respectively, usually palpated with the index, middle and ring finger) of each arm, for a total of twelve pulses, all of which are thought to correspond with certain zàng-fŭ. The pulse is examined for several characteristics including rhythm, strength and volume, and described with qualities like "floating, slippery, bolstering-like, feeble, thready and quick"; each of these qualities indicates certain
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4777:). These eight principles refer to four pairs of fundamental qualities of a disease: exterior/interior, heat/cold, vacuity/repletion, and yin/yang. Out of these, heat/cold and vacuity/repletion have the biggest clinical importance. The yin/yang quality, on the other side, has the smallest importance and is somewhat seen aside from the other three pairs, since it merely presents a general and vague conclusion regarding what other qualities are found. In detail, the Eight Principles refer to the following:
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would choose to omit certain symptoms as a means of upholding their chastity and honor. One such example is the case in which a teenage girl was unable to be diagnosed because she failed to mention her symptom of vaginal discharge. Silence was their way of maintaining control in these situations, but it often came at the expense of their health and the advancement of female health and medicine. This silence and control were most obviously seen when the health problem was related to the core of Ming
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5947:). Traditional herbal medicines can contain extremely toxic chemicals and heavy metals, and naturally occurring toxins, which can cause illness, exacerbate pre-existing poor health or result in death. Botanical misidentification of plants can cause toxic reactions in humans. The description of some plants used in TCM has changed, leading to unintended poisoning by using the wrong plants. A concern is also contaminated herbal medicines with microorganisms and fungal toxins, including
2958:'s opening up, Western medicine was not yet popular, and Western medicine doctors were mostly foreigners; local residents mostly relied on Chinese medicine practitioners. In 1841, the British government of Hong Kong issued an announcement pledging to govern Hong Kong residents in accordance with all the original rituals, customs and private legal property rights. As traditional Chinese medicine had always been used in China, the use of traditional Chinese medicine was not regulated.
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required to pass examinations in
Western medicine. Chinese scientists and researchers, however, expressed concern that TCM training and therapies would receive equal support with Western medicine. They also criticized a reduction in government testing and regulation of the production of TCMs, some of which were toxic. Government censors have removed Internet posts that question TCM. In 2020 Beijing drafted a local regulation outlawing criticism of TCM. According to
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into terms of modern medicine becomes partly nonsensical, partly irrelevant, and partly mistaken; that is also true the other way around, a point easily overlooked." TJ Hinrichs observes that people in modern
Western societies divide healing practices into biomedicine for the body, psychology for the mind, and religion for the spirit, but these distinctions are inadequate to describe medical concepts among Chinese historically and to a considerable degree today.
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darkness, qualities that also align the seasons, compass directions, and the human cycle of birth, growth, and death. They provided, Leslie continued, a "comprehensive way of conceiving patterns that ran through all of nature," and they "served as a classificatory and mnemonic device to observe health problems and to reflect upon, store, and recover empirical knowledge," but they were also "subject to stultifying theoretical elaboration, self-deception, and
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2549:. The "Documentation of Chinese materia medica" (CMM) dates back to around 1,100 BCE when only a few dozen drugs were described. By the end of the 16th century, the number of drugs documented had reached close to 1,900. And by the end of the last century, published records of CMM had reached 12,800 drugs." Starting in the 1950s, these precepts were standardized in the People's Republic of China, including attempts to integrate them with modern notions of
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traditional texts and practices to construct a systematic body. Paul
Unschuld, for instance, sees a "departure of TCM from its historical origins." What is called "Traditional Chinese Medicine" and practiced today in China and the West is not thousands of years old, but recently constructed using selected traditional terms, some of which have been taken out of context, some badly misunderstood. He has criticized Chinese and Western popular books for
6872:(ACC) Act. This inclusion granted qualified and professionally registered acupuncturists to provide subsidised care and treatment to citizens, residents, and temporary visitors for work or sports related injuries that occurred within and upon the land of New Zealand. The two bodies for the regulation of acupuncture and attainment of ACC treatment provider status in New Zealand are Acupuncture NZ and The New Zealand Acupuncture Standards Authority.
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2877:(a medical staff with basic medical skills and knowledge to deal with minor illnesses) responsible for basic medical care. The medical staff combined the values of traditional China with modern methods to provide health and medical care to poor farmers in remote rural areas. The barefoot doctors became a symbol of the Cultural Revolution, for the introduction of modern medicine into villages where traditional Chinese medicine services were used.
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2357:, diet, exercise, medical specializations, and schools of thought. TCM as it exists today has been described as a largely 20th century invention. In the early twentieth century, Chinese cultural and political modernizers worked to eliminate traditional practices as backward and unscientific. Traditional practitioners then selected elements of philosophy and practice and organized them into what they called "Chinese medicine" (Chinese: 中医
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3641:, meridians, and acupuncture points. It is a generally held belief within the acupuncture community that acupuncture points and meridians structures are special conduits for electrical signals but no research has established any consistent anatomical structure or function for either acupuncture points or meridians. The scientific evidence for the anatomical existence of either meridians or acupuncture points is not compelling.
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educational institution/university on a gazetted list, either structured TCM clinical training at an approved local TCM educational institution or foreign TCM registration together with supervised TCM clinical attachment/practice at an approved local TCM clinic, and upon meeting these requirements, passing the
Singapore TCM Physicians Registration Examination (STRE) conducted by the TCM Practitioners Board.
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synchronization. Gender was presumed to influence the movement of energy and a well-trained physician would be expected to read the pulse and be able to identify two dozen or more energy flows. Yin and yang concepts were applied to the feminine and masculine aspects of all bodies, implying that the differences between men and women begin at the level of this energy flow. According to
3088:, with no beneficial outcomes. Pharmaceutical research on the potential for creating new drugs from traditional remedies has few successful results. Proponents suggest that research has so far missed key features of the art of TCM, such as unknown interactions between various ingredients and complex interactive biological systems. One of the basic tenets of TCM is that the body's
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4395:, or the sexual body. It was often in these diagnostic settings that women would choose silence. In addition, there would be a conflict between patient and doctor on the probability of her diagnosis. For example, a woman who thought herself to be past the point of child-bearing age, might not believe a doctor who diagnoses her as pregnant. This only resulted in more conflict.
6423:) is a type of Chinese massage, consisting of placing several glass "cups" (open spheres) on the body. A match is lit and placed inside the cup and then removed before placing the cup against the skin. As the air in the cup is heated, it expands, and after placing in the skin, cools, creating lower pressure inside the cup that allows the cup to stick to the skin via
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men and women, which included tumors, growths, hernias, and swellings of the genitals. The "master system", as
Charlotte Furth calls it, is the kidney visceral system, which governed reproductive functions. Therefore, it was not the anatomical structures that allowed for pregnancy, but the difference in processes that allowed for the condition of pregnancy to occur.
6742:– SIPT) is granted to the practitioners whose methods are recognized as safe and may benefit health. The TCM clinics are registered but there is no explicit regulation for it. The only TCM method which is accepted by medical logic and is empirically proofed is acupuncture. The acupuncturists can get SIPT and participate in health care facilities.
6462:) is abrading the skin with pieces of smooth jade, bone, animal tusks or horns or smooth stones; until red spots then bruising cover the area to which it is done. It is believed that this treatment is for almost any ailment. The red spots and bruising take three to ten days to heal, there is often some soreness in the area that has been treated.
5828:, which states that this herb should be steeped in cold water. The extracted substance, once subject to detoxification and purification processes, is a usable antimalarial drug – a 2012 review found that artemisinin-based remedies were the most effective drugs for the treatment of malaria. For her work on malaria, Tu received the 2015
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was the first systematic summary of
Chinese herbal medicine. Most of the pharmacological theories and compatibility rules and the proposed "seven emotions and harmony" principle have played a role in the practice of medicine for thousands of years. Therefore, it has been a textbook for medical workers in modern China. The full text of
3197:(1600–1100 BCE). They represent two abstract and complementary aspects that every phenomenon in the universe can be divided into. Primordial analogies for these aspects are the sun-facing (yang) and the shady (yin) side of a hill. Two other commonly used representational allegories of yin and yang are water and fire. In the
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include the
Nederlandse Vereniging voor Acupunctuur (NVA), Nederlandse Artsen Acupunctuur Vereniging (NAAV), ZHONG, (Nederlandse Vereniging voor Traditionele Chinese Geneeskunde), Nederlandse Beroepsvereniging Chinese Geneeswijzen Yi (NBCG Yi), and Wetenschappelijke Artsen Vereniging voor Acupunctuur in Nederland (WAVAN).
5410:, which can cause severe pain. This can lead to bears trying to kill themselves. As of 2012, approximately 10,000 bears are farmed in China for their bile. This practice has spurred public outcry across the country. The bile is collected from live bears via a surgical procedure. As of March 2020 bear bile as ingredient of
3938:, usually translated as "body fluids"), and just like xuě they are considered to be yin in nature, and defined first and foremost by the functions of nurturing and moisturizing the different structures of the body. Their other functions are to harmonize yin and yang, and to help with the secretion of waste products.
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6339:) is a TCM system of exercise and meditation that combines regulated breathing, slow movement, and focused awareness, purportedly to cultivate and balance qi. One branch of qigong is qigong massage, in which the practitioner combines massage techniques with awareness of the acupuncture channels and points.
5951:. Traditional herbal medicines are sometimes contaminated with toxic heavy metals, including lead, arsenic, mercury and cadmium, which inflict serious health risks to consumers. Also, adulteration of some herbal medicine preparations with conventional drugs which may cause serious adverse effects, such as
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In TCM, a disease has two aspects: "bìng" and "zhèng". The former is often translated as "disease entity", "disease category", "illness", or simply "diagnosis". The latter, and more important one, is usually translated as "pattern" (or sometimes also as "syndrome"). For example, the disease entity of
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These social and cultural beliefs were often barriers to learning more about female health, with women themselves often being the most formidable barrier. Women were often uncomfortable talking about their illnesses, especially in front of the male chaperones that attended medical examinations. Women
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is the closest historical translation to the English word "body" because it sometimes refers to the physical human body in terms of being weighed or measured, but the term is to be understood as an "ensemble of functions" encompassing both the human psyche and emotions. This concept of the human body
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is one of the earliest written medical books in China. Written during the Eastern Han dynasty between 200 and 250 CE, it was the combined effort of practitioners in the Qin and Han dynasties who summarized, collected and compiled the results of pharmacological experience during their time periods. It
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Constructive approaches to divining the potential usefulness of traditional therapies are to be welcomed. But it seems problematic to apply a brand new technique, largely untested in the clinic, to test the veracity of traditional Chinese medicine, when the field is so fraught with pseudoscience. In
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If the baby and mother survived the term of the pregnancy, childbirth was then the next step. The tools provided for birth were: towels to catch the blood, a container for the placenta, a pregnancy sash to support the belly, and an infant swaddling wrap. With these tools, the baby was born, cleaned,
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Traditional Chinese medicine's dealings with pregnancy are documented from at least the seventeenth century. According to Charlotte Furth, "a pregnancy (in the seventeenth century) as a known bodily experience emerged out of the liminality of menstrual irregularity, as uneasy digestion, and a sense
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As in other cultures, fertility and menstruation dominate female health concerns. Since male and female bodies were governed by the same forces, traditional Chinese medicine did not recognize the womb as the place of reproduction. The abdominal cavity presented pathologies that were similar in both
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The primary functional entities used by traditional Chinese medicine are qì, xuě, the five zàng organs, the six fǔ organs, and the meridians which extend through the organ systems. These are all theoretically interconnected: each zàng organ is paired with a fǔ organ, which are nourished by the blood
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was the first use of Chinese medicine for the treatment in Chinese hospitals providing free medical services. As the promotion of Western medicine by the British government started from 1940, Western medicine started being popular among Hong Kong population. In 1959, Hong Kong had researched the use
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According to traditional Chinese medical texts, infertility can be summarized into different syndrome types. These were spleen and kidney depletion (yang depletion), liver and kidney depletion (yin depletion), blood depletion, phlegm damp, liver oppression, and damp heat. This is important because,
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Bodily functions could be categorized through systems, not organs. In many drawings and diagrams, the twelve channels and their visceral systems were organized by yin and yang, an organization that was identical in female and male bodies. Female and male bodies were no different on the plane of yin
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the male's yang pulse movement follows an ascending path in "compliance so that the cycle of circulation in the body and the Vital Gate are felt...The female's yin pulse movement follows a defending path against the direction of cosmic influences, so that the nadir and the Gate of Life are felt at
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These functions are aggregated and then associated with a primary functional entity – for instance, nourishment of the tissues and maintenance of their moisture are seen as connected functions, and the entity postulated to be responsible for these functions is xiě (blood). These functional entities
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criticizes attempts to treat medicine and medical practices in traditional China as if they were a single system. Instead, he says, there were 2,000 years of "medical system in turmoil" and speaks of a "myth of an unchanging medical tradition". He urges that "Traditional medicine translated purely
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Scholars in the history of medicine in China distinguish its doctrines and practice from those of present-day TCM. J. A. Jewell and S. M. Hillier state that the term "Traditional Chinese Medicine" became an established term due to the work of Dr. Kan-Wen Ma, a Western-trained medical doctor who was
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Singh & Ernst (2008) stated, "Scientists are still unable to find a shred of evidence to support the existence of meridians or Ch'i", "The traditional principles of acupuncture are deeply flawed, as there is no evidence at all to demonstrate the existence of Ch'i or meridians" and "Acupuncture
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The Traditional and Complementary Medicine Bill was passed by parliament in 2012 establishing the Traditional and Complementary Medicine Council to register and regulate traditional and complementary medicine practitioners, including TCM practitioners as well as other traditional and complementary
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China's National People's Congress Standing Committee passed the country's first law on TCM in 2016, which came into effect on 1 July 2017. The new law standardized TCM certifications by requiring TCM practitioners to (i) pass exams administered by provincial-level TCM authorities, and (ii) obtain
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A recent historian of Chinese medicine remarked that it is "nicely ironic that the specialty of acupuncture – arguably the most questionable part of their medical heritage for most Chinese at the start of the twentieth century – has become the most marketable aspect of Chinese medicine." She found
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As of 2007 there were not enough good-quality trials of herbal therapies to allow their effectiveness to be determined. A high percentage of relevant studies on traditional Chinese medicine are in Chinese databases. Fifty percent of systematic reviews on TCM did not search Chinese databases, which
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of Asian turtles in China have not been completely solved. Australian scientists have developed methods to identify medicines containing DNA traces of endangered species. Finally, although not an endangered species, sharp rises in exports of donkeys and donkey hide from Africa to China to make the
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which is used for many ailments (though not as an aphrodisiac as is commonly misunderstood in the West). The black market in rhinoceros horns (driven not just by TCM but also unrelated status-seeking) has reduced the world's rhino population by more than 90 percent over the past 40 years. Concerns
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The term "herbal medicine" is somewhat misleading in that, while plant elements are by far the most commonly used substances in TCM, other, non-botanic substances are used as well: animal, human, fungi, and mineral products are also used. Thus, the term "medicinal" (instead of herb) may be used. A
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After the fundamental nature of a disease in terms of the Eight Principles is determined, the investigation focuses on more specific aspects. By evaluating the present signs and symptoms against the background of typical disharmony patterns of the various entities, evidence is collected whether or
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For each of the functional entities (qi, xuĕ, zàng-fǔ, meridians etc.), typical disharmony patterns are recognized; for example: qi vacuity and qi stagnation in the case of qi; blood vacuity, blood stasis, and blood heat in the case of xuĕ; Spleen qi vacuity, Spleen yang vacuity, Spleen qi vacuity
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was thought to "be slowly depleted through sexual activity, menstruation and childbirth." It was also understood that the depletion of source Qi could result from the movement of an external pathology that moved through the outer visceral systems before causing more permanent damage to the home of
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Cheng Maoxian (b. 1581), who practiced medicine in Yangzhou, described the difficulties doctors had with the norm of female modesty. One of his case studies was that of Fan Jisuo's teenage daughter, who could not be diagnosed because she was unwilling to speak about her symptoms, since the illness
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writes that, "TCM theory and practice are not based upon the body of knowledge related to health, disease, and health care that has been widely accepted by the scientific community. TCM practitioners disagree among themselves about how to diagnose patients and which treatments should go with which
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triggered a national debate with an article entitled "Farewell to Traditional Chinese Medicine", arguing that TCM was a pseudoscience that should be abolished in public healthcare and academia. The Chinese government took the stance that TCM is a science and continued to encourage its development.
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A majority of Chinese medical history written after the classical canons comes in the form of primary source case studies where academic physicians record the illness of a particular person and the healing techniques used, as well as their effectiveness. Historians have noted that Chinese scholars
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of Singapore, which had previous community links to Tung Wah, was established for similar reasons and also provided both Western and Chinese medical care. By 1935, English-language newspapers in Colonial Singapore already used the term "Traditional Chinese Medicine" to label Chinese ethnic medical
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A 2012 meta-analysis concluded that the mechanisms of acupuncture "are clinically relevant, but that an important part of these total effects is not due to issues considered to be crucial by most acupuncturists, such as the correct location of points and depth of needling ... ... associated with
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one expects to see after a large number of studies are performed on an inert therapy. The editorial concluded that the best controlled studies showed a clear pattern, in which the outcome does not rely upon needle location or even needle insertion, and since "these variables are those that define
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In general, disease is perceived as a disharmony (or imbalance) in the functions or interactions of yin, yang, qi, xuĕ, zàng-fǔ, meridians etc. and/or of the interaction between the human body and the environment. Therapy is based on which "pattern of disharmony" can be identified. Thus, "pattern
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Yin and yang were critical to the understanding of women's bodies, but understood only in conjunction with male bodies. Yin and yang ruled the body, the body being a microcosm of the universe and the earth. In addition, gender in the body was understood as homologous, the two genders operating in
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In clinical encounters, women and men were treated differently. Diagnosing women was not as simple as diagnosing men. First, when a woman fell ill, an appropriate adult man was to call the doctor and remain present during the examination, for the woman could not be left alone with the doctor. The
3895:, "blood") is correlated with a physical form – the red liquid running in the blood vessels. Its concept is, nevertheless, defined by its functions: nourishing all parts and tissues of the body, safeguarding an adequate degree of moisture, and sustaining and soothing both consciousness and sleep.
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The concept of yin and yang is also applicable to the human body; for example, the upper part of the body and the back are assigned to yang, while the lower part of the body is believed to have the yin character. Yin and yang characterization also extends to the various body functions, and – more
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The TCM Practitioners Act was passed by Parliament in 2000 and the TCM Practitioners Board was established in 2001 as a statutory board under the Ministry of Health, to register and regulate TCM practitioners. The requirements for registration include possession of a diploma or degree from a TCM
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treatments, this depends on one's insurance policy, as not all insurance policies cover it, and if the acupuncture practitioner is or is not a member of one of the professional organisations that are recognised by private health insurance companies. The recognized professional organizations
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From the earliest records regarding the use of compounds to today, the toxicity of certain substances has been described in all Chinese materiae medicae. Since TCM has become more popular in the Western world, there are increasing concerns about the potential toxicity of many traditional Chinese
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or blood-quickening, transforming phlegm, stopping coughing and calming wheezing or phlegm-transforming and cough- and panting-suppressing, Spirit-quieting, calming the liver and expelling wind or liver-calming and wind-extinguishing orifice-opening supplementing which includes qi-supplementing,
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is traditionally regarded in Chinese medicine as beneficial for health in East Asia, and its status as an elite dish has led to huge demand with the increase of affluence in China, devastating shark populations. The shark fins have been a part of traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. Shark
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strongly supported TCM, calling it a "gem". As of May 2011, in order to promote TCM worldwide, China had signed TCM partnership agreements with over 70 countries. His government pushed to increase its use and the number of TCM-trained doctors and announced that students of TCM would no longer be
2701:
The book is credited as developing its own path, while also inheriting the theories from Huangdi Neijing. The content includes physiology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment contents, and a more essential and specific discussion of pulse diagnosis. It has become one of the four classics for Chinese
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According to the US NIH National Cancer Institute, a review of 17,922 patients reported that real acupuncture relieved muscle and joint pain, caused by aromatase inhibitors, much better than sham acupuncture. Regarding cancer patients, the review hypothesized that acupuncture may cause physical
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Since therapy will not be chosen according to the disease entity but according to the pattern, two people with the same disease entity but different patterns will receive different therapy. Vice versa, people with similar patterns might receive similar therapy even if their disease entities are
3020:) of the Han dynasty contains the elements wood, fire, earth, metal, and water. By understanding medicine from a cosmology perspective, historians better understand Chinese medical and social classifications such as gender, which was defined by a domination or remission of yang in terms of yin.
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were all grounded in systems of correspondence that aligned the organization of society, the universe, and the human body and other forms of life into an "all-embracing order of things". Each of these traditional systems was organized with such qualities as heat and cold, wet and dry, light and
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government seldom interfered in the affairs of Chinese society, including with regard to regulations on the practice of TCM. There were a few TCM pharmacies in Macau during the colonial period. In 1994, the Portuguese Macau government published Decree-Law no. 53/94/M that officially started to
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was established in Hong Kong in 1869 based on the widespread rejection of Western medicine for pre-existing medical practices, although Western medicine would still be practiced in the hospital alongside Chinese medicinal practices. The Tung Wah Hospital was likely connected to another Chinese
2780:. Chinese physicians had realised that when healthy people were exposed to smallpox scab tissue, they had a smaller chance of being infected by the disease later on. The common methods of inoculation at the time was through crushing smallpox scabs into powder and breathing it through the nose.
4062:. Despite having the names of organs, they are only loosely tied to (rudimentary) anatomical assumptions. Instead, they are primarily understood to be certain "functions" of the body. To highlight the fact that they are not equivalent to anatomical organs, their names are usually capitalized.
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found evidence that suggests acupuncture is effective for some but not all kinds of pain. A 2010 systematic review found that there is evidence "that acupuncture provides a short-term clinically relevant effect when compared with a waiting list control or when acupuncture is added to another
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are universal aspects all things can be classified under, this includes diseases in general as well as the Eight Principles' first three couples. For example, cold is identified to be a yin aspect, while heat is attributed to yang. Since descriptions of patterns in terms of yin and yang lack
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have developed the study of medicine in traditional China into a field with its own scholarly associations, journals, graduate programs, and debates with each other. Many distinguish "medicine in traditional China" from the recent traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which took elements from
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The categorization according to the specific function mainly include: exterior-releasing or exterior-resolving, heat-clearing, downward-draining, or precipitating wind-damp-dispelling, dampness-transforming, promoting the movement of water and percolating dampness or dampness-percolating,
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To determine which pattern is at hand, practitioners will examine things like the color and shape of the tongue, the relative strength of pulse-points, the smell of the breath, the quality of breathing or the sound of the voice. For example, depending on tongue and pulse conditions, a TCM
4613:, – "Six Evils" or "Six Devils") are allegorical terms used to describe disharmony patterns displaying certain typical symptoms. These symptoms resemble the effects of six climatic factors. In the allegory, these symptoms can occur because one or more of those climatic factors (called
2577:
and tortoise shells refer to illnesses that affected the Shang royal family: eye disorders, toothaches, bloated abdomen, and such. Shang elites usually attributed them to curses sent by their ancestors. There is currently no evidence that the Shang nobility used herbal remedies.
4889:) generally refers to any disease that cannot be identified as a deficient pattern, and usually indicates the presence of one of the Six Excesses, or a pattern of stagnation (of qi, xuě, etc.). In a concurrent exterior pattern, excess is characterized by the absence of sweating.
4073:
and xuě; they are said to regulate digestion, breathing, water metabolism, the musculoskeletal system, the skin, the sense organs, aging, emotional processes, and mental activity, among other structures and processes. The fǔ organs' main purpose is merely to transmit and digest
6773:
Under modern Japanese medical law, it is possible for doctors to perform acupuncture and massage, but because there is a separate law regarding acupuncture and massage, these treatments are mainly performed by massage therapists, acupuncturists, and moxibustion practitioners.
14662:
Li, Wendong; Shi, Zhengli; Yu, Meng; Ren, Wuze; Smith, Craig; Epstein, Jonathan H.; Wang, Hanzhong; Crameri, Gary; Hu, Zhihong; Zhang, Huajun; Zhang, Jianhong; McEachern, Jennifer; Field, Hume; Daszak, Peter; Eaton, Bryan T.; Zhang, Shuyi; Wang, Lin-Fa (28 October 2005).
6908:
In Taiwan, TCM practitioners are physicians and are regulated by the Physicians Act. They possess the authority to independently diagnose medical conditions, issue prescriptions, dispense Traditional Chinese Medicine, and prescribe a variety of diagnostic tests including
5520:
Human placenta has been used an ingredient in certain traditional Chinese medicines, including using dried human placenta, known as "Ziheche", to treat infertility, impotence and other conditions. The consumption of the human placenta is a potential source of infection.
2426:
having branches connected to bodily organs and functions. There is no evidence that meridians or vital energy exist. Concepts of the body and of disease used in TCM reflect its ancient origins and its emphasis on dynamic processes over material structure, similar to the
2819:
Chinese communities living in colonial port cities were influenced by the diverse cultures they encountered, which also led to evolving understandings of medical practices where Chinese forms of medicine were combined with Western medical knowledge. For example, the
5568:, sometimes also translated as Five Tastes): acrid, sweet, bitter, sour, and salty. Substances may also have more than one flavor, or none (i.e., a "bland" flavor). Each of the Five Flavors corresponds to one of zàng organs, which in turn corresponds to one of the
4849:) is characterized by an absence of aversion to cold, a red and painful throat, a dry tongue fur and a rapid and floating pulse if it falls together with an exterior pattern. In all other cases, symptoms depend on whether heat is coupled with vacuity or repletion.
3072:, meridians, and acupuncture points, and that the traditional principles of acupuncture are deeply flawed. "Acupuncture points and meridians are not a reality", the review continued, but "merely the product of an ancient Chinese philosophy". In June 2019, the
9987:
pp. 12–13. "For example, Xue is used rather than Blood, since the latter implies the blood of Western medicine, with its precise parameters of biochemistry and histology. Although Xue and blood share some common attributes, fundamentally, Xue is a different
4817:) refers to disease manifestation in the zàng-fǔ, or (in a wider sense) to any disease that can not be counted as exterior. There are no generalized characteristic symptoms of interior patterns, since they'll be determined by the affected zàng or fǔ entity.
4767:, usually translated as "pattern diagnosis", "pattern identification" or "pattern discrimination"). Generally, the first and most important step in pattern diagnosis is an evaluation of the present signs and symptoms on the basis of the "Eight Principles" (
3102:
having branches connected to bodily organs and functions. The concept of vital energy is pseudoscientific. Concepts of the body and of disease used in TCM reflect its ancient origins and its emphasis on dynamic processes over material structure, similar to
5634:
could lead to a bias in the results. Many systematic reviews of TCM interventions published in Chinese journals are incomplete, some contained errors or were misleading. The herbs recommended by traditional Chinese practitioners in the US are unregulated.
10063:
2994:
is opposed to the European duality of a separate mind and body. It is critical for scholars to understand the fundamental differences in concepts of the body in order to connect the medical theory of the classics to the "human organism" it is explaining.
3286:
importantly – to disease symptoms (e.g., cold and heat sensations are assumed to be yin and yang symptoms, respectively). Thus, yin and yang of the body are seen as phenomena whose lack (or over-abundance) comes with characteristic symptom combinations:
5057:
In TCM, there are five major diagnostic methods: inspection, auscultation, olfaction, inquiry, and palpation. These are grouped into what is known as the "Four pillars" of diagnosis, which are Inspection, Auscultation/ Olfaction, Inquiry, and Palpation
4087:
Since their concept was developed on the basis of Wǔ Xíng philosophy, each zàng is paired with a fǔ, and each zàng-fǔ pair is assigned to one of five elemental qualities (i.e., the Five Elements or Five Phases). These correspondences are stipulated as:
6276:
intervention" in the treatment of chronic low back pain. Two review articles discussing the effectiveness of acupuncture, from 2008 and 2009, have concluded that there is not enough evidence to conclude that it is effective beyond the placebo effect.
5370:
Poachers hunt restricted or endangered species to supply the black market with TCM products. There is no scientific evidence of efficacy for tiger medicines. Concern over China considering to legalize the trade in tiger parts prompted the 171-nation
4367:). In traditional China, as in many other cultures, the health and medicine of female bodies was less understood than that of male bodies. Women's bodies were often secondary to male bodies, since women were thought of as the weaker, sicklier sex.
5715:
has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries to treat various conditions. This includes jaundice and hepatic disorders, rheumatism, anorexia, diabetic wounds, and menstrual complications. Most of its effects have been attributed to
5107:. Various regions of the tongue's surface are believed to correspond to the zàng-fŭ organs. For example, redness on the tip of the tongue might indicate heat in the Heart, while redness on the sides of the tongue might indicate heat in the Liver.
4801:) refers to a disease manifesting in the superficial layers of the body – skin, hair, flesh, and meridians. It is characterized by aversion to cold and/or wind, headache, muscle ache, mild fever, a "floating" pulse, and a normal tongue appearance.
10104:
Ahn, Andrew C.; Colbert, Agatha P.; Anderson, Belinda J.; Martinsen, Ørjan G.; Hammerschlag, Richard; Cina, Steve; Wayne, Peter M.; Langevin, Helene M. (May 2008). "Electrical properties of acupuncture points and meridians: A systematic review".
4506:
practitioner might diagnose bleeding from the mouth and nose as: "Liver fire rushes upwards and scorches the Lung, injuring the blood vessels and giving rise to reckless pouring of blood from the mouth and nose." He might then go on to prescribe
4449:. In his writings, Cheng places a large amount of emphasis on the Four Diagnostic methods to deal with postpartum issues and instructs all physicians to "not neglect any ". The process of birthing was thought to deplete a woman's blood level and
3076:
included traditional Chinese medicine in a global diagnostic compendium, but a spokesman said this was "not an endorsement of the scientific validity of any Traditional Medicine practice or the efficacy of any Traditional Medicine intervention."
6646:
From 1 July 2012 Chinese medicine practitioners must be registered under the national registration and accreditation scheme with the Chinese Medicine Board of Australia and meet the Board's Registration Standards, to practice in Australia.
4653:): cold sensations, aversion to cold, relief of symptoms by warmth, watery/clear excreta, severe pain, abdominal pain, contracture/hypertonicity of muscles, (slimy) white tongue fur, "deep"/"hidden" or "string-like" pulse, or slow pulse.
3559:) For example, the number of acu-points has at times been seen to be 365, corresponding with the number of days in a year; and the number of main meridians–12–has been seen as corresponding with the number of rivers flowing through the
2369:, despite the fact he did not believe in its effectiveness. After the opening of relations between the United States and China after 1972, there was great interest in the West for what is now called traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
6166:
Acupuncture is the insertion of needles into superficial structures of the body (skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscles) – usually at acupuncture points (acupoints) – and their subsequent manipulation; this aims at influencing the flow of
4785:
complexity and clinical practicality, though, patterns are usually not labeled this way anymore. Exceptions are vacuity-cold and repletion-heat patterns, who are sometimes referred to as "yin patterns" and "yang patterns" respectively.
3800:
will be characterized especially by pale complexion, lassitude of spirit, lack of strength, spontaneous sweating, laziness to speak, non-digestion of food, shortness of breath (especially on exertion), and a pale and enlarged tongue.
11112:
5102:
Examination of the tongue and the pulse are among the principal diagnostic methods in TCM. Details of the tongue, including shape, size, color, texture, cracks, teeth marks, as well as tongue coating are all considered as part of
4721:
with down-bearing qi, Spleen qi vacuity with lack of blood containment, cold-damp invasion of the Spleen, damp-heat invasion of Spleen and Stomach in case of the Spleen zàng; wind/cold/damp invasion in the case of the meridians.
7891:
5720:. Research that curcumin shows strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities have instigated mechanism of action studies on the possibility for cancer and inflammatory diseases prevention and treatment. It also exhibits
4379:)" in their journals. This anonymity and lack of conversation between the doctor and woman patient led to the inquiry diagnosis of the Four Diagnostic Methods being the most challenging. Doctors used a medical doll known as a
5077:
Inquiry focuses on the "seven inquiries", which involve asking the person about the regularity, severity, or other characteristics of: chills, fever, perspiration, appetite, thirst, taste, defecation, urination, pain, sleep,
4570:) refers to a "pattern of disharmony" or "functional disturbance" within the functional entities of which the TCM model of the body is composed. There are disharmony patterns of qi, xuě, the body fluids, the zàng-fǔ, and the
12470:
3121:
There are concerns over a number of potentially toxic plants, animal parts, and mineral Chinese compounds, as well as the facilitation of disease. Trafficked and farm-raised animals used in TCM are a source of several fatal
2997:
Chinese scholars established a correlation between the cosmos and the "human organism". The basic components of cosmology, qi, yin yang and the Five Phase theory, were used to explain health and disease in texts such as
6497:
and injuries such as bone fractures, sprains, and bruises. Some of these specialists may also use or recommend other disciplines of Chinese medical therapies if serious injury is involved. Such practice of bone-setting
12191:
4489:
source Qi, the kidney system. In addition, the view that only very serious ailments ended in the damage of this system means that those who had trouble with their reproductive systems or fertility were seriously ill.
5439:
finning is banned in many countries, but the trade is thriving in Hong Kong and China, where the fins are part of shark fin soup, a dish considered a delicacy, and used in some types of traditional Chinese medicine.
9255:
Zhang F, Kong LL, Zhang YY, Li SC (December 2012). "Evaluation of impact on health-related quality of life and cost effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials".
3134:
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a broad range of medicine practices sharing common concepts which have been developed in China and are based on a tradition of more than 2,000 years, including various forms of
2850:
said that, "This One Medicine, will possess a basis in modern natural sciences, will have absorbed the ancient and the new, the Chinese and the foreign, all medical achievements – and will be China's New Medicine!"
9627:
2861:
2654:
sometime between 196 and 220 CE; at the end of the Han dynasty. Focusing on drug prescriptions rather than acupuncture, it was the first medical work to combine Yinyang and the Five Phases with drug therapy. This
14857:
11064:
6260:
responses in nerve cells, the pituitary gland, and the brain – releasing proteins, hormones, and chemicals that are proposed to affect blood pressure, body temperature, immune activity, and endorphin release.
5666:
among 640 SARS patients when Chinese herbs were used alongside Western medicine versus Western medicine exclusively, although they concluded some herbs may have improved symptoms and decreased corticosteroid
5338:
of the dog, and snake bile. Some TCM textbooks still recommend preparations containing animal tissues, but there has been little research to justify the claimed clinical efficacy of many TCM animal products.
5034:, sometimes also translated as "Seven Emotions") – joy, anger, brooding, sorrow, fear, fright and grief. These are believed to be able to cause damage to the functions of the zàng-fú, especially of the Liver.
5037:
non-external-non-internal causes: dietary irregularities (especially: too much raw, cold, spicy, fatty or sweet food; voracious eating; too much alcohol), fatigue, sexual intemperance, trauma, and parasites
16095:
5426:, believed to improve virility, and tiger eyes. The illegal trade for tiger parts in China has driven the species to near-extinction because of its popularity in traditional medicine. Laws protecting even
2629:, on the contents of the body, on human vitality and pathology, on the symptoms of illness, and on how to make diagnostic and therapeutic decisions in light of all these factors. Unlike earlier texts like
3807:
is believed to be partially generated from food and drink, and partially from air (by breathing). Another considerable part of it is inherited from the parents and will be consumed in the course of life.
3629:. TCM's model of the body is characterized as full of pseudoscience. Some practitioners no longer consider yin and yang and the idea of an energy flow to apply. Scientific investigation has not found any
5414:
injection remains on the list of remedies recommended for treatment of "severe cases" of COVID-19 by National Health Commission of China and the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
5306:
2019 review of traditional herbal treatments found they are widely used but lacking in scientific evidence, and urged a more rigorous approach by which genuinely useful medicinals might be identified.
9187:
5314:
There are roughly 13,000 compounds used in China and over 100,000 TCM recipes recorded in the ancient literature. Plant elements and extracts are by far the most common elements used. In the classic
2361:). In the 1950s, the Chinese government sought to revive traditional medicine (including legalizing previously banned practices) and sponsored the integration of TCM and Western medicine, and in the
3713:) – of all physical processes in the body, especially the circulation of all body fluids such as blood in their vessels. This includes actuation of the functions of the zang-fu organs and meridians.
6239:
stated that acupuncture studies produced inconsistent results, (i.e. acupuncture relieved pain in some conditions but had no effect in other very similar conditions) which suggests the presence of
5572:. A flavor implies certain properties and therapeutic actions of a substance; e.g., saltiness drains downward and softens hard masses, while sweetness is supplementing, harmonizing, and moistening.
5068:
Inspection focuses on the face and particularly on the tongue, including analysis of the tongue size, shape, tension, color and coating, and the absence or presence of teeth marks around the edge.
4409:
the inch position of the left hand". In sum, classical medicine marked yin and yang as high and low on bodies which in turn would be labeled normal or abnormal and gendered either male or female.
10202:" [Physiological functions of qi: 1.) Function of actuation ... 2.) Function of warming ... 3.) Function of defense ... 4.) Function of containment ... 5.) Function of transformation ...]
9753:
5820:
discovered that a low-temperature extraction process could isolate an effective antimalarial substance from the plant. Tu says she was influenced by a traditional Chinese herbal medicine source,
4453:
so the most common treatments for postpartum were food (commonly garlic and ginseng), medicine, and rest. This process was followed up by a month check-in with the physician, a practice known as
15292:"These initial conclusions have generally been disappointing for acupuncturists: They provide no convincing evidence that real acupuncture is significantly more effective than placebo." (p. 104)
2643:
rejected the influence of spirits and the use of magic. It was also one of the first books in which the cosmological doctrines of Yinyang and the Five Phases were brought to a mature synthesis.
8473:
3293:
Yang vacuity ("vacuity-cold"): aversion to cold, cold limbs, bright white complexion, long voidings of clear urine, diarrhea, pale and enlarged tongue, and a slightly weak, slow and fine pulse.
16017:
12644:
6215:
needle we think of as the acupuncture needle today was not widely used a century ago. Present day acupuncture was developed in the 1930s and put into wide practice only as late as the 1960s.
4992:
Although TCM and its concept of disease do not strongly differentiate between cause and effect, pattern discrimination can include considerations regarding the disease cause; this is called
3126:. There are additional concerns over the illegal trade and transport of endangered species including rhinoceroses and tigers, and the welfare of specially farmed animals, including bears.
5462:) species used in traditional Chinese medicine are raised on farms, while restrictions are made on the accumulation and export of other endangered species. However, issues concerning the
11870:
11644:
5810:
has been used by Chinese herbalists in traditional Chinese medicines for 2,000 years. In 1596, Li Shizhen recommended tea made from qinghao specifically to treat malaria symptoms in his
7881:
4833:) is generally characterized by aversion to cold, absence of thirst, and a white tongue fur. More detailed characterization depends on whether cold is coupled with vacuity or repletion.
5614:. The reason given is: In recent years, there have been many updated systematic reviews and meta-analyses about the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine, including herbal medicine.
5575:
The classification according to the meridian – more precisely, the zàng-fu organ including its associated meridian – which can be expected to be primarily affected by a given compound.
4469:
is often quoted: "those who have prescriptions for women's distinctiveness take their differences of pregnancy, childbirth and bursting injuries as their basis." Even in contemporary
3603:, that have branches connected to bodily organs and functions." Its view of the human body is only marginally concerned with anatomical structures, but focuses primarily on the body's
9464:
6782:
3151:), and dietary therapy. It is primarily used as a complementary alternative medicine approach. TCM is widely used in China and it is also used in the West. Its philosophy is based on
12462:
4248:– each yang meridian is attached to a fǔ organ, and five of the yin meridians are attached to a zàng. As there are only five zàng but six yin meridians, the sixth is assigned to the
14511:
Abolaji AO, Eteng MU, Ebong PE, Brisibe EA, Dar A, Kabir N, Choudhary MI (May 2013). "A safety assessment of the antimalarial herb Artemisia annua during pregnancy in Wistar rats".
5645:
A 2013 review found the research on the benefit and safety of CHM for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss is of poor quality and cannot be relied upon to support their use.
9230:
7470:
11169:
8918:
5867:, is under preliminary research as a possible therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease, but poor methodological quality of the research restricts conclusions about its effectiveness.
16339:
13140:
Liu, Zhao Lan; Liu, Jian Ping; Zhang, Anthony Lin; Wu, Qiong; Ruan, Yao; Lewith, George; Visconte, Denise (5 July 2011). Cochrane Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders Group (ed.).
12866:
Su CX, Yan LJ, Lewith G, Liu JP (December 2013). "Chinese herbal medicine for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials".
11917:
13560:
16117:
12328:
12183:
3914:]) are described as: Pale-white or withered-yellow complexion, dizziness, flowery vision, palpitations, insomnia, numbness of the extremities; pale tongue; "fine" pulse.
16037:
15985:
9976:
9956:
16369:
6796:
Under the Medical Service Act (의료법/醫療法), an oriental medical doctor, whose obligation is to administer oriental medical treatment and provide guidance for health based on
5793:
commented that "claims made on behalf of an uncharted body of knowledge should be treated with the customary skepticism that is the bedrock of both science and medicine."
2601:("meridians") in accordance with beliefs related to the circulation of "Qi". The earliest evidence for acupuncture in this sense dates to the second or first century BCE.
6092:
may not cause hepatotoxicity, haematotoxicity, or hyperlipidemia, it should be used cautiously during pregnancy due to a potential risk of embryotoxicity at a high dose.
14849:
6247:) as a form of acupuncture. The inability to find consistent results despite more than 3,000 studies, the editorial continued, suggests that the treatment seems to be a
12445:
5709:, but the trials assessed were of such low methodological quality that no conclusion could be drawn about the remedies' suitability as a recommendable treatment option.
16784:
7443:
the meantime, claims made on behalf of an uncharted body of knowledge should be treated with the customary skepticism that is the bedrock of both science and medicine.
3178:
Yin and yang symbol for balance. In traditional Chinese Medicine, good health is believed to be achieved by various balances, including a balance between yin and yang.
4302:) of the body to the limbs and joints ("the surface" ), transporting qi and xuĕ. TCM identifies 12 "regular" and 8 "extraordinary" meridians; the Chinese terms being
18101:
15908:
15671:
15082:
5480:
2450:. However, Chinese authorities have in recent years cracked down on illegal wildlife smuggling, and the industry has increasingly turned to cultivated alternatives.
17108:. Translated by Weiss, Gabriel; Henry Buchtel; Sabine Wilms. Shatin, NT Hong Kong: Chinese University of Hong Kong Press; distributed by Columbia University Press.
6105:. Products adulterated with pharmaceuticals for weight loss or erectile dysfunction are one of the main concerns. Chinese herbal medicine has been a major cause of
4669:): aversion to heat, high fever, thirst, concentrated urine, red face, red tongue, yellow tongue fur, rapid pulse. (Fire and heat are basically seen to be the same)
16677:
16087:
12072:
9197:
6738:
All traditional medicines, including TCM, are regulated by Indonesian Minister of Health Regulation of 2013 on traditional medicine. Traditional medicine license (
6016:) high lead content, it is known to be toxic. Lead, mercury, arsenic, copper, cadmium, and thallium have been detected in TCM products sold in the U.S. and China.
5699:
in adults after 3 months. It is important to highlight that the studies available to be included in this review presented considerable flaws in quality and design.
15000:
14615:"2019_nCoV/SARS-CoV-2: rapid classification of betacoronaviruses and identification of Traditional Chinese Medicine as potential origin of zoonotic coronaviruses"
13070:
Suo T, Gu X, Andersson R, Ma H, Zhang W, Deng W, et al. (May 2012). Qin X (ed.). "Oral traditional Chinese medication for adhesive small bowel obstruction".
5588:
blood-nourishing, yin-enriching, and yang-fortifying, astriction-promoting or securing and astringing, vomiting-inducing, and substances for external application.
5379:
remain, which are exported to China for use in traditional fever therapies. Organized gangs illegally export the horn of the antelopes to China. The pressures on
3290:
Yin vacuity (also termed "vacuity-heat"): heat sensations, possible sweating at night, insomnia, dry pharynx, dry mouth, dark urine, and a "fine" and rapid pulse.
18096:
6664:
5372:
4964:
There are also three special pattern diagnosis systems used in case of febrile and infectious diseases only ("Six Channel system" or "six division pattern" [
2152:
14801:
4724:
TCM gives detailed prescriptions of these patterns regarding their typical symptoms, mostly including characteristic tongue and/or pulse findings. For example:
17407:
16693:
1574:
16934:
10045:
The vacuum created by China's failure to adequately support a disciplined scientific approach to traditional Chinese medicine has been filled by pseudoscience
7598:
13927:
4712:
Six-Excesses-patterns can consist of only one or a combination of Excesses (e.g., wind-cold, wind-damp-heat). They can also transform from one into another.
3043:, choosing only those works or parts of historical works that seem to lead to modern medicine, ignoring those elements that do not now seem to be effective.
12359:
11894:
6848:, and these Chinese herbs can be imported into the Netherlands as well as marketed as such without any type registration or notification to the government.
9893:
2166:
16065:
15757:
12225:
11717:
16589:
15841:
12298:
12036:
9598:
5584:
5517:
in medicines, including bones, fingernail, hairs, dandruff, earwax, impurities on the teeth, feces, urine, sweat, organs, but most are no longer in use.
4010:) are the collective name of eleven entities (similar to organs) that constitute the centre piece of TCM's systematization of bodily functions. The term
2881:
11966:
Chen TH, Chang HC, Lue KY (2009). "Unregulated Trade in Turtle Shells for Chinese Traditional Medicine in East and Southeast Asia: The Case of Taiwan".
7519:
2585:
to speculate that acupuncture might have been carried out in the Shang dynasty. This being said, most historians now make a distinction between medical
16737:
16158:
15867:
12721:"Epidemiology, quality and reporting characteristics of systematic reviews of traditional Chinese medicine interventions published in Chinese journals"
11288:
7739:
7673:
7158:
6716:
3549:
Correspondences between the body and the universe have historically not only been seen in terms of the Five Elements, but also of the "Great Numbers" (
16313:
3944:
are ultimately extracted from food and drink, and constitute the raw material for the production of xuě; conversely, xuě can also be transformed into
18106:
16010:
12391:
5158:
12948:
16952:"Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) – Does Its Contemporary Business Booming and Globalization Really Reconfirm Its Medical Efficacy & Safety?"
2668:) that could serve as targets for therapy. Having gone through numerous changes over time, the formulary now circulates as two distinct books: the
2621:
around the first century BCE on the basis of shorter texts from different medical lineages. Written in the form of dialogues between the legendary
15306:"Acupuncture treatment for pain: systematic review of randomised clinical trials with acupuncture, placebo acupuncture, and no acupuncture groups"
11585:
6868:
Although there are no regulatory standards for the practice of TCM in New Zealand, in the year 1990, acupuncture was included in the Governmental
3650:
diagnoses. Even if they could agree, the TCM theories are so nebulous that no amount of scientific study will enable TCM to offer rational care."
6932:
6082:
mushroom extract, as an adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy, appears to have the potential for toxicity. A 2013 review suggested that although the
2294:
1862:
968:
12107:
10447:
10421:
9836:
Maciocia, Giovanni, (1989): The Foundations of Chinese Medicine: A Comprehensive Text for Acupuncturists and Herbalists; Churchill Livingstone;
18288:
18248:
17531:
17167:. 51 articles on history of Chinese medicine; called "impressive and essential" for latest scholarship and trustworthy bibliographic sources. "
11867:
6711:
regulate the TCM market. After the sovereign handover, the Macau S.A.R. government also published regulations on the practice of TCM. In 2000,
6671:
recommendations from two certified practitioners. TCM products and services can be advertised only with approval from the local TCM authority.
6200:, "available scientific evidence does not support claims that moxibustion is effective in preventing or treating cancer or any other disease".
4743:
2496:
18042:
17377:
8495:
5579:
interior-warming, qi-regulating or qi-rectifying, dispersing food accumulation or food-dispersing, worm-expelling, stopping bleeding or blood-
7138:
6537:
5789:
With an eye to the enormous Chinese market, pharmaceutical companies have explored creating new drugs from traditional remedies. The journal
16425:
10393:
9910:"There are 365 days in the year, while humans have 365 joints ... There are 12 channel rivers across the land, while humans have 12 channel"
9456:
6820:
6175:
and treats (and prevents) various diseases. The US FDA classifies single-use acupuncture needles as Class II medical devices, under CFR 21.
16477:
15815:
15786:
13919:
6584:
5702:
A 2010 review found TCM seems to be effective for the treatment of fibromyalgia but the findings were of insufficient methodological rigor.
5219:
3050:, and TCM practitioners do not agree on what diagnosis and treatments should be used for any given person. A 2007 editorial in the journal
15645:
14390:
3542:
in terms of sequence, of acting on each other, of counteraction, etc. All these aspects of Five Phases theory constitute the basis of the
2846:
announced support of traditional Chinese medicine, but he did not personally believe in and did not use it. In 1952, the president of the
18139:
11842:
10554:
9220:
7637:
6556:
6244:
5191:
16193:
12795:
10032:
9565:
7703:
6283:
are rare, acupuncture is not without risk. Severe adverse effects, including very rarely death (five case reports), have been reported.
5734:
A 2010 Cochrane review found insufficient evidence to support the use of Traditional Chinese Herbal Products (THCP) in the treatment of
3815:
running inside of the blood vessels and for qi that is distributed in the skin, muscles, and tissues between them. The former is called
3546:
concept, and thus have great influence regarding the TCM model of the body. Five Phase theory is also applied in diagnosis and therapy.
18126:
17400:
15701:
14967:
14215:
13685:
11161:
8910:
6712:
4640:): rapid onset of symptoms, wandering location of symptoms, itching, nasal congestion, "floating" pulse; tremor, paralysis, convulsion.
2159:
1567:
643:
16335:
14736:
11868:
Facts about traditional Chinese medicine (TCM): rhinoceros horn, as discussed in rhinoceros (mammal): – Britannica Online Encyclopedia
11765:
11546:
10360:
10325:
9540:
8549:
The founding of Kwong Wai Shiu free hospital: reconciling modernity and tradition in healthcare in Singapore between the 1890s to 1911
3064:". A review of the literature in 2008 found that scientists are "still unable to find a shred of evidence" according to standards of
17807:
14414:"Exposure to low dose of cinnabar (a naturally occurring mercuric sulfide (HgS)) caused neurotoxicological effects in offspring mice"
11921:
7111:
4432:
of fullness". These symptoms were common among other illness as well, so the diagnosis of pregnancy often came late in the term. The
2503:
says, on the other hand, that the English-language term "traditional Chinese medicine" was coined by "party propagandists" in 1955.
688:
14045:
13897:
13556:
12819:"Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine for benign prostatic hyperplasia: systematic review of randomized controlled trials"
12641:
6563:
6243:. These may be caused by factors like biased study design, poor blinding, and the classification of electrified needles (a type of
5198:
3193:
Yin and yang are ancient Chinese deductive reasoning concepts used within Chinese medical diagnosis which can be traced back to the
18113:
18037:
16128:
16034:
12582:
11739:
9494:
8783:"北京中医药条例通过 禁止诋毁中医药条款被删除 (Beijing Regulation on Traditional Chinese Medicine passed, provision prohibiting smearing of TCM removed)"
7133:
7106:
7066:
15981:
10637:
6095:
However, many adverse reactions are due to misuse or abuse of Chinese medicine. For example, the misuse of the dietary supplement
15113:
11491:
10478:[The Six Fu: gallbladder, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, bladder, sanjiao; "transmit and digest"] as seen at
7163:
7117:
6928:
Under current law, those who wish to qualify for the Chinese medicine exam must have obtained a 7-year university degree in TCM.
4502:
discrimination" is the most important step in TCM diagnosis. It is also known to be the most difficult aspect of practicing TCM.
2974:
Historians have noted two key aspects of Chinese medical history: understanding conceptual differences when translating the term
16455:
16361:
15521:"Qigong massage treatment for sensory and self-regulation problems in young children with autism: a randomized controlled trial"
12005:
10290:
10249:
8792:
6207:, an electric current is applied to the needles once they are inserted, to further stimulate the respective acupuncture points.
5655:
The traditional medicine ginger, which has shown anti-inflammatory properties in laboratory experiments, has been used to treat
2569:(14th–11th centuries BCE). Though the Shang did not have a concept of "medicine" as distinct from other health practices, their
18597:
18346:
15407:
Ernst E, Lee MS, Choi TY (April 2011). "Acupuncture: does it alleviate pain and are there serious risks? A review of reviews".
14759:
13291:
Zhu X, Proctor M, Bensoussan A, Wu E, Smith CA (April 2008). Zhu X (ed.). "Chinese herbal medicine for primary dysmenorrhoea".
10733:
Diagnostic of Traditional Chinese Medicine – A newly compiled practical English-Chinese library of Traditional Chinese medicine
5387:
spp.) used in traditional medicine is enormous; tens of millions of animals are unsustainably caught annually. Many species of
4245:
3619:
and concentrate qi for a particular function, with meridians being extensions of those functional systems throughout the body.
1257:
563:
16223:
11405:
10999:
Pillsbury, Barbara L.K. (January 1978). "'Doing the month': Confinement and convalescence of Chinese women after childbirth".
6570:
5670:
A 2012 Cochrane review found insufficient evidence to support the use of TCM for people with adhesive small bowel obstruction.
5205:
18696:
17773:
17393:
17208:
17045:
16928:
16572:
15503:
15470:
15285:
14892:
14827:
14769:
13935:
13874:
13849:
13348:
12789:
12656:
12541:
12508:
12442:
12266:
11656:
11532:
11385:
11341:
11282:
11210:
11124:
11076:
10317:[3.) Functions of the Jinye: ... 3.3.)Harmonizing yin and yang ... 3.4.)Secretion of waste products ...] As seen at:
10026:
9984:
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9841:
9822:
9765:
9639:
9577:
8602:
8364:
8327:
8181:
8137:
8033:
7999:
7967:
7929:
7592:
7143:
5829:
5422:
is believed to have therapeutic benefits according to traditional Chinese medicine. Tiger parts from poached animals include
5137:
1560:
1217:
782:
16645:
16603:
16528:
13470:
Gan T, Liu YD, Wang Y, Yang J (October 2010). "Traditional Chinese Medicine herbs for stopping bleeding from haemorrhoids".
12670:"Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of traditional chinese medicine must search chinese databases to reduce language bias"
12272:
10082:
8333:
6630:
are associated with different classes of foods, and tradition considers it important to consume them in a balanced fashion.
4738:): Headache, red face, reddened eyes, dry mouth, nosebleeds, constipation, dry or hard stools, profuse menstruation, sudden
18231:
18215:
15216:"A systematic review on the effectiveness of complementary and alternative medicine for chronic non-specific low-back pain"
9407:"Major emerging and re-emerging zoonoses in China: a matter of global health and socioeconomic development for 1.3 billion"
7740:"Chinese authorities cracked down on nearly 12,000 wildlife crime cases in three months - Wildlife Trade News from TRAFFIC"
7060:
6655:
TCM is regulated in five provinces in Canada: Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, and Newfoundland & Labrador.
5836:
recommends artemisinin-based remedies for treating uncomplicated malaria, resistance to the drug can no longer be ignored.
5696:
5110:
Pulse palpation involves measuring the pulse both at a superficial and at a deep level at three different locations on the
4473:
placing emphasis on reproductive functions, rather than the entire health of the woman, suggests that the main function of
1212:
1207:
1058:
861:
16186:"Nederlandse Vereniging voor Traditionele Chinese Geneeskunde (ZHONG) - Dutch Association of Chinese Traditional Medicine"
15929:
15667:
15072:
10220:
8887:
8532:
2060:
18550:
18058:
17997:
17877:
17496:
16395:
15959:
11202:
8397:
6967:. In 1976, California established an Acupuncture Board and became the first state licensing professional acupuncturists.
6722:
In 2022, a new law regulating TCM, Law no. 11/2021, came into effect. The same law also repealed Decree-Law no. 53/94/M.
6552:
6315:
is thought to have evolved. Techniques employed may include thumb presses, rubbing, percussion, and assisted stretching.
5392:
5187:
2287:
1168:
545:
16665:
11790:
Still J (June 2003). "Use of animal products in traditional Chinese medicine: environmental impact and health hazards".
11109:
10480:
10217:"Qi (Chi): Various Forms Used in Qigong & Chinese Medicine – How Are The Major Forms Of Qi Created Within The Body?"
18622:
18416:
18281:
17682:
17662:
16769:
16553:
14996:
12421:
12320:
11836:
11579:
10076:
8828:
7101:
4051:
4043:
4039:
1274:
1141:
16900:
Saving Lives in Wartime China: How Medical Reformers Built Modern Healthcare Systems Amid War and Epidemics, 1928-1945
8452:
6888:
will offer the four-year Bachelor of Chinese Medicine programme, which is the first local programme accredited by the
4682:): sensation of heaviness, sensation of fullness, symptoms of Spleen dysfunction, greasy tongue fur, "slippery" pulse.
4552:; 'different diseases', ' same treatment', ' same disease', ' different treatments').
18210:
18134:
17884:
17343:
17320:
17301:
17282:
17263:
17158:
17113:
17011:
16907:
16863:
16715:
16639:
16597:
16522:
15625:
14793:
14484:
Gill SK, Rieder MJ (2008). "Toxicity of a traditional Chinese medicine, Ganoderma lucidum, in children with cancer".
13634:
Chrubasik C, Jacobson RL (July 2010). "The development of artemisinin resistance in malaria: reasons and solutions".
12184:"We've been accused of peddling 'fake news' – so here are the facts about China's recommended use of bear bile - EIA"
10948:
10792:
10767:
10715:
8446:
6869:
6603:
5936:
Galena (lead ore) is part of historical TCM. Standard American TCM practice considers lead-containing herbs obsolete.
2014:
713:
17075:
Baum, Emily (2020). "Medicine and Public Health in Twentieth-Century China: Histories of Modernization and Change".
16690:
14077:
Efferth T, Kaina B (December 2011). "Toxicities by herbal medicines with emphasis to traditional Chinese medicine".
6900:
6493:
technique, usually practiced by martial artists who know aspects of Chinese medicine that apply to the treatment of
5177:
4465:
Infertility, not very well understood, posed serious social and cultural repercussions. The seventh-century scholar
4413:
and yang. Their gendered differences were not acknowledged in diagrams of the human body. Medical texts such as the
18118:
18083:
17922:
16918:
15891:
13709:"A drug from poison: how the therapeutic effect of arsenic trioxide on acute promyelocytic leukemia was discovered"
11432:
Vincent AC, Foster SJ, Koldewey HJ (June 2011). "Conservation and management of seahorses and other Syngnathidae".
7582:
6885:
6101:(containing ephedrine) can lead to adverse events including gastrointestinal problems as well as sudden death from
5253:
Assorted dried plant and animal parts used in traditional Chinese medicines, clockwise from top left corner: dried
4419:
were filled with illustrations of male bodies or androgynous bodies that did not display gendered characteristics.
1738:
1546:
1516:
68:, with prepackaged Chinese and Western medicine (left) and Chinese medicinal herbs (right) behind the sales counter
17:
11944:
11886:
10391:" [Within the human body's zang-fu, there's yin and yang; the zang are yin, the fu are yang]. As seen at:
6240:
6212:
4603:, sometimes also translated as "Pathogenic Factors", or "Six Pernicious Influences"; with the alternative term of
3297:
TCM also identifies drugs believed to treat these specific symptom combinations, i.e., to reinforce yin and yang.
18629:
18514:
18484:
17955:
17927:
17028:
Baran GR, Kiana MF, Samuel SP (2014). "Chapter 2: Science, Pseudoscience, and Not Science: How Do They Differ?".
15128:
Kmietowicz, Z. (7 September 2012). "Risks of acupuncture range from stray needles to pneumothorax, finds study".
13244:"Traditional Chinese Medicine for treatment of fibromyalgia: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials"
12351:
9860:
8844:
Ho, Polly L H (December 2002). "Agenda-Setting for the Regulation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Hong Kong".
7203:
4960:) – very similar to this, though less specific, is disharmony pattern description in terms of the Five Elements )
3673:
word that traditional Chinese medicine distinguishes as being able to transform into many different qualities of
1938:
1478:
1458:
668:
552:
540:
9624:
1200:
18504:
18381:
17889:
17657:
17626:
17227:
17139:
17064:
16842:
16057:
15749:
14710:
12217:
11721:
10740:
10677:
10591:
7198:
7076:
6889:
6541:
5851:(APL). Building on his work, research both in China and the West eventually led to the development of the drug
5680:
A 2011 Cochrane review found inconclusive evidence to support the use of TCM herbal medicines for treatment of
4974:]; "Wei Qi Ying Xue system" or "four division pattern" ; "San Jiao system" or "three burners pattern" [
4577:
In clinical practice, the identified pattern usually involves a combination of affected entities (compare with
4249:
4047:
2885:
2280:
2069:
1959:
1592:
1428:
1296:
1286:
1175:
1131:
389:
197:
79:
15837:
15726:. College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners and Acupuncturists of British Columbia. Archived from
15723:
12294:
12028:
11061:
9590:
2752:
sometime between 256 and 282 CE) assembled a consistent body of doctrines concerning acupuncture; whereas the
18701:
18676:
18274:
17837:
17800:
17242:
16253:
15563:"Early intervention for autism with a parent-delivered Qigong massage program: a randomized controlled trial"
14466:
9913:
9188:"The World Health Organization Gives the Nod to Traditional Chinese Medicine. Bad Idea - Scientific American"
6837:
6836:
There are no specific regulations in the Netherlands on TCM; TCM is neither prohibited nor recognised by the
6427:. When combined with massage oil, the cups can be slid around the back, offering "reverse-pressure massage".
5899:
5727:
A 2005 Cochrane review found insufficient evidence for the use of CHM in HIV-infected people and people with
2826:
2365:
of the 1960s, promoted TCM as inexpensive and popular. The creation of modern TCM was largely spearheaded by
1966:
1531:
698:
658:
504:
266:
93:
16729:
16306:"Accident Compensation Act 2001 No 49 (as at 01 August 2020), Public Act Contents – New Zealand Legislation"
16154:
15863:
12250:
The Illegal Wildlife Trade: Inside the World of Poachers, Smugglers and Traders (Studies of Organized Crime)
12064:
11272:
7725:
7665:
6734:
The Chinese traditional medicine at a Chinese traditional medicine shop at Jagalan Road, Surabaya, Indonesia
6719:
established the Macau College of Traditional Chinese Medicine to offer a degree course in Chinese medicine.
2723:
In the centuries that followed, several shorter books tried to summarize or systematize the contents of the
2593:) and acupuncture in the narrower sense of using metal needles to attempt to treat illnesses by stimulating
18509:
18452:
18386:
18336:
16305:
15214:
Rubinstein SM, van Middelkoop M, Kuijpers T, Ostelo R, Verhagen AP, de Boer MR, et al. (August 2010).
8128:. Los Angeles and Berkeley: Institute for East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley. pp.
7213:
7208:
7049:
5848:
5812:
5639:
5547:): hot, warm, cool, or cold (or, neutral in terms of temperature) and hot and warm herbs are used to treat
2586:
2380:
1973:
1843:
1468:
1393:
1373:
1247:
13783:"Huperzine A for Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials"
12381:
6577:
5212:
4574:. They are ultimately defined by their symptoms and signs (i.e., for example, pulse and tongue findings).
2873:
In 1968, the CCP supported a new system of health care delivery for rural areas. Villages were assigned a
2690:
or "Classic of Difficult Issues", originally called "The Yellow Emperor Eighty-one Nan Jing", ascribed to
18499:
18185:
18175:
18047:
17852:
17559:
17476:
15807:
12524:
Nie, Jing-Bao (1999). "'Human Drugs' in Chinese Medicine and the Confucian View: An Interpretive Study".
8049:
Epler DC (1980). "Bloodletting in early Chinese medicine and its relation to the origin of acupuncture".
7223:
7193:
6791:
4540:) listed by TCM constitute symptoms. Examples include headache, cough, abdominal pain, constipation etc.
4326:) respectively. There's also a number of less customary channels branching from the "regular" meridians.
4273:
3599:
3539:
3099:
3023:
These two distinctions are imperative when analyzing the history of traditional Chinese medical science.
3016:
2847:
2687:
2598:
2546:
2423:
1418:
1336:
953:
836:
17359:
16394:(in Chinese (Taiwan)). National Union of Chinese Medical Doctors' Association, R.O.C. 27 December 2017.
10398:[outline on the relationships between the zang-fu] (in Chinese). 22 January 2010. Archived from
5659:, headache and digestive and respiratory issues, though there is no firm evidence supporting these uses.
2495:
persecuted during the Cultural Revolution and immigrated to Britain, joining the University of London's
18706:
18341:
18243:
18091:
18070:
17992:
17872:
17847:
17842:
17672:
17200:
11569:
11402:"ENDANGERED AND ABUSED WILD ANIMALS & The USE OF HERBAL ALTERNATIVES TO REPLACE ANIMAL DERIVATIVES"
9510:
6211:
that acupuncture as we know it today has hardly been in existence for sixty years. Moreover, the fine,
4055:
2659:
was also the earliest public Chinese medical text to group symptoms into clinically useful "patterns" (
2413:
2337:
Medicine in traditional China encompassed a range of sometimes competing health and healing practices,
1931:
1895:
1836:
1717:
958:
777:
703:
16418:"Physicians Act - Article Content - Laws & Regulations Database of The Republic of China (Taiwan)"
15814:[State Office notification on provisions for nstitutions and staffing of the NATCM (SO 95)].
12099:
11608:
11135:"Tongue Diagnosis in Chinese Medicine", Giovanni Maciocia, Eastland Press; Revised edition (June 1995)
5832:. Despite global efforts in combating malaria, it remains a large burden for the population. Although
5334:. Other examples of animal parts include horn of the antelope or buffalo, deer antlers, testicles and
5173:
5093:, and the palpation of the wrist pulses as well as various other pulses, and palpation of the abdomen.
3763:) – of body fluids, i.e., keeping blood, sweat, urine, semen, etc. from leakage or excessive emission.
18489:
18311:
18017:
17862:
17641:
17621:
15617:
15277:
14237:
Namba T, Ma YH, Inagaki K (December 1988). "Insect-derived crude drugs in the Chinese Song dynasty".
11516:
The Global Circulation of Chinese Materia Medica, 1700-1949: A Microhistory of the Caterpillar Fungus
10451:
10425:
10359:[Basics of TCM theory. Chapter 4: Essence, qi, blood, jinye. Section 4: jinye] (in Chinese).
10324:[Basics of TCM theory. Chapter 4: Essence, qi, blood, jinye. Section 4: jinye] (in Chinese).
7339:
Eigenschink, Michael; Dearing, Lukas; Dablander, Tom E.; Maier, Julian; Sitte, Harald H. (May 2020).
6667:
was created in 1949, which then absorbed existing TCM management in 1986 with major changes in 1998.
6279:
Acupuncture is generally safe when administered using Clean Needle Technique (CNT). Although serious
5406:
are held in bear farms. The bile is extracted through a permanent hole in the abdomen leading to the
5166:
4031:
4023:
3073:
2625:
and his ministers, it offers explanations on the relation between humans, their environment, and the
1989:
1227:
841:
787:
477:
15562:
15520:
14197:
14016:
9880:
6812:
medicine practitioners such as those in traditional Malay medicine and traditional Indian medicine.
5705:
A 2008 Cochrane review found promising evidence for the use of Chinese herbal medicine in relieving
3056:
wrote that TCM "remains poorly researched and supported, and most of its treatments have no logical
18545:
18457:
18064:
17960:
17793:
17631:
17616:
15022:
Vickers AJ, Cronin AM, Maschino AC, Lewith G, MacPherson H, Foster NE, et al. (October 2012).
14884:
13842:
Principles of Addictions and the Law: Applications in Forensic, Mental Health, and Medical Practice
13584:"Artemisinin-resistant malaria: research challenges, opportunities, and public health implications"
13582:
Fairhurst RM, Nayyar GM, Breman JG, Hallett R, Vennerstrom JL, Duong S, et al. (August 2012).
8487:
6235:
5455:
4019:
4015:
2436:
2227:
1506:
673:
9044:"Placebo-controlled trials of Chinese herbal medicine and conventional medicine comparative study"
7544:
5555:
5534:
17867:
17636:
17549:
17544:
16417:
14853:
10399:
9912:, A Study of Daoist Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Cheng-Tsai Liu, Liu Zheng-Cai, Ka Hua, p. 40,
9331:
Zhang argued that TCM is a pseudoscience and should not be part of public healthcare and research
8591:
China in Global Governance of Intellectual Property: Implications for Global Distributive Justice
7252:
points and meridians are not a reality, but merely the product of an ancient Chinese philosophy".
7096:
6530:
6197:
6083:
6066:
5249:
5162:
4027:
2892:
2839:
1651:
1644:
1222:
1180:
1108:
988:
623:
16481:
16283:
15809:
15780:
6943:
As of July 2012, only six states lack legislation to regulate the professional practice of TCM:
4873:, with all their respective characteristic symptoms. Yin deficiency can also cause "empty-heat".
4445:
and swaddled; however, the mother was then immediately the focus of the doctor to replenish her
3155:(i.e., the combination of Five Phases theory with Yin–Yang theory), which was later absorbed by
18711:
18535:
18442:
18205:
18007:
17950:
15641:
14378:
14011:
12972:"Traditional medicines and globalization: current and future perspectives in ethnopharmacology"
9875:
8129:
6272:
5891:
and stimulant. In 1885, the chemical synthesis of ephedrine was first accomplished by Japanese
5741:
A 2010 Cochrane review found no evidence supporting the use of TCHM for stopping bleeding from
3065:
2432:
2021:
1811:
1163:
1153:
1048:
14928:
12500:
11826:
10560:
9814:
4359:
in modern medicine). However, there are few or no ancient works on it except for Fu Qingzhu's
18195:
18155:
18032:
17667:
17368:
16185:
14272:
Wang XP, Yang RM (2003). "Movement disorders possibly induced by traditional chinese herbs".
13954:
Ko RJ, Greenwald MS, Loscutoff SM, Au AM, Appel BR, Kreutzer RA, et al. (January 1996).
13185:
Brophy, Sinead; Davies, Helen; Mannan, Sopna; Brunt, Huw; Williams, Rhys (7 September 2011).
12779:
10757:
10016:
9562:
7695:
7633:
7091:
6031:
5427:
5318:
from 1941, 517 drugs were listed – out of these, 45 were animal parts, and 30 were minerals.
4415:
3572:
2706:
2518:
2514:
2145:
1731:
1692:
1603:
1541:
1148:
1078:
918:
718:
583:
403:
16877:, trans. Fang Tingyu and Chen Laidi, vol. 1, "Theory", ed. Kathleen Vian and Peter Eckman".
15693:
14211:
14112:
Yuan X, Chapman RL, Wu Z (2011). "Analytical methods for heavy metals in herbal medicines".
13677:
13331:
Gautam, Subhash C.; Gao, Xiaohua; Dulchavsky, Scott (2007). "Immunomodulation by Curcumin".
10485:[Basics of TCM theory–The zangfu concept] (in Chinese). 11 June 2010. Archived from
9132:"The World Health Organization's decision about traditional Chinese medicine could backfire"
8121:
5796:
There had been success in the 1970s, however, with the development of the antimalarial drug
5375:(CITES) to endorse a decision opposing the resurgence of trade in tigers. Fewer than 30,000
18649:
18587:
18351:
18297:
18170:
18165:
17975:
17749:
17521:
17440:
17164:
16661:
14732:
14676:
14567:
14331:
14121:
13794:
13023:"Chinese herbs combined with Western medicine for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)"
12732:
12147:
11761:
11514:
11441:
10817:
Farquhar, Judith (1991). "Objects, Processes, and Female Infertility in Chinese Medicine".
10354:
10319:
9532:
9304:
9143:
8688:
8631:
7415:
7081:
6617:
6060:
5681:
5262:
5090:
3047:
2656:
2631:
2500:
2354:
2319:
2315:
2248:
1945:
1656:
1511:
1240:
1023:
886:
814:
762:
683:
590:
535:
512:
463:
11519:. Medicine and Biomedical Sciences in Modern History. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 1–294.
10989:(casebook). Dated 1633, but Xue Qinghu (1991) states that the original was printed in 1644
10552:[(3.) The Twelve Vessels ... (4.) The Extraordinary Eight Vessels ...] as seen at
6345:
is air, breath, energy, or primordial life source that is neither matter or spirit. While
6178:
Acupuncture is often accompanied by moxibustion – the Chinese characters for acupuncture (
5638:
A 2013 review found the data too weak to support use of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for
8:
18022:
13996:
13893:
12909:
Gu S, Yang AW, Xue CC, Li CG, Pang C, Zhang W, Williams HC (September 2013). Gu S (ed.).
10286:
9513:(1994). "Balancing the Yang and Yin: Development and Contributions of Chinese Medicine".
9192:
8075:
7944:
7148:
6935:, established in 1963, is the largest Chinese herbal medicine research center in Taiwan.
6106:
5403:
3104:
3057:
2906:, the regulation was later passed with the provision outlawing criticism of TCM removed.
2855:
2695:
2362:
2331:
2234:
1890:
1158:
943:
856:
633:
289:
17382:, PDF, 133 pages; compiled by the Association Québécoise des Thérapeutes Naturels (AQTN)
16362:"NTU to offer its own Chinese Medicine degree accredited by Health Ministry's TCM board"
14680:
14571:
14335:
14320:"Toxic element contamination of natural health products and pharmaceutical preparations"
14125:
13798:
12935:
12736:
12578:
12151:
11735:
11445:
9490:
Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health,
9308:
9147:
8692:
8635:
8488:"A Brief History Of Vaccines: From Medieval Chinese 'Variolation' To Modern Vaccination"
7419:
5674:
5616:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
2937:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
2702:
medicine practitioners to learn from and has impacted the medical development in China.
18540:
18180:
17092:
16973:
16886:
16821:
16805:
16118:"Traditional and Complementary Medicine (T&CM) Act [What Should You Know?]"
15476:
15432:
15384:
15357:
15330:
15305:
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15240:
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15196:
15171:
Lee MS, Ernst E (March 2011). "Acupuncture for pain: an overview of Cochrane reviews".
15153:
15048:
15023:
14959:
14702:
14639:
14614:
14590:
14555:
14536:
14440:
14413:
14354:
14319:
14297:
14186:
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13972:
13955:
13817:
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13659:
13608:
13583:
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13505:
13447:
13422:
13398:
13373:
13268:
13243:
13219:
13162:
13141:
13047:
13022:
12998:
12971:
12891:
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12755:
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11983:
11694:
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9885:
9491:
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8657:
8594:
7857:
7365:
7340:
6204:
6072:
6036:
6021:
5982:
5921:
5529:
The traditional categorizations and classifications that can still be found today are:
3623:
3159:. Philosophical texts influenced TCM, mostly by being grounded in the same theories of
3152:
3085:
3081:
3035:
2594:
2443:
2220:
2094:
2002:
1526:
1501:
1438:
1136:
963:
871:
851:
831:
757:
233:
225:
15808:
General Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China (25 June 1998).
15105:
12001:
11803:
11483:
10918:
5342:
Some compounds can include the parts of endangered species, including tiger bones and
3833:); its function is to complement xuè and its nature has a strong yin aspect (although
2931:. The reason given is: Development after the enactment of Chinese Medicine Ordinance (
2768:
Around 900–1000 AD, Chinese were the first to develop a form of vaccination, known as
252:
18316:
17980:
17917:
17907:
17759:
17435:
17385:
17339:
17316:
17297:
17278:
17259:
17214:
17204:
17154:
17135:
17109:
17096:
17060:
17041:
17007:
16977:
16924:
16903:
16859:
16838:
16813:
16765:
16711:
16635:
16593:
16568:
16549:
16518:
16447:
15621:
15587:
15543:
15499:
15466:
15424:
15389:
15335:
15281:
15245:
15188:
15145:
15053:
14963:
14951:
14888:
14775:
14765:
14694:
14644:
14595:
14528:
14493:
14445:
14359:
14289:
14254:
14250:
14178:
14173:
14156:
14137:
14094:
14041:
14029:
14025:
13977:
13931:
13870:
13845:
13822:
13730:
13651:
13613:
13535:
13483:
13452:
13403:
13354:
13344:
13304:
13273:
13224:
13206:
13167:
13122:
13087:
13052:
13003:
12940:
12883:
12848:
12785:
12760:
12701:
12652:
12537:
12504:
12452:– By Carolyn Herbert – Australian Broadcasting Corporation – Retrieved 14 April 2012.
12262:
12165:
11832:
11807:
11699:
11652:
11620:
11575:
11542:
11528:
11457:
11453:
11381:
11377:
11337:
11278:
11253:
11206:
11120:
11072:
11016:
11012:
10958:
10944:
10788:
10763:
10736:
10711:
10683:
10673:
10597:
10587:
10245:
10165:
10161:
10122:
10072:
10022:
9980:
9960:
9861:"Seeing the Body: The Divergence of Ancient Chinese and Western Medical Illustration"
9837:
9818:
9761:
9635:
9573:
9438:
9387:
9322:
9273:
9173:
9161:
9068:
8865:
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8763:
8755:
8706:
8649:
8598:
8442:
8423:
8360:
8323:
8177:
8133:
8122:
8086:[The formation of the theory of acumoxa therapy in the Qin and Han periods].
8058:
8029:
7995:
7963:
7925:
7849:
7588:
7433:
7370:
7086:
6841:
6803:
The Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine is the top research center of TCM in Korea.
6680:
6252:
6078:
5447:
5131:
3865:
held by each of the zang-fu organs, this is considered to be part of the 'principal'
3136:
2962:
2821:
2765:; c. 280) presented itself as a "comprehensive handbook of diagnostics and therapy."
2385:
2350:
2241:
2171:
2035:
2028:
1880:
1724:
1311:
1068:
1033:
938:
876:
824:
725:
181:
173:
30:
29:"Chinese medicine" redirects here. For the practice of medicine in modern China, see
17168:
16825:
15480:
15436:
15200:
15157:
15039:
14540:
14301:
14190:
14157:"Adulteration of Chinese herbal medicines with synthetic drugs: a systematic review"
13663:
12895:
12556:
THE HUMAN BODY AS A NEW COMMODITY, Tsuyoshi Awaya, The Review of Tokuyama, June 1999
12418:"Endangered Species Issues Affecting Turtles And Tortoises Used in Chinese Medicine"
11987:
11469:
11028:
10177:
5673:
A 2011 review found low quality evidence that suggests CHM improves the symptoms of
2865:
Apothecary mixing traditional Chinese medicine at Jiangsu Chinese Medical Hospital,
18401:
18200:
18190:
18012:
18002:
17084:
17033:
16999:
16963:
16797:
16215:
15778:
15577:
15535:
15458:
15416:
15379:
15369:
15325:
15317:
15235:
15227:
15180:
15137:
15043:
15035:
14943:
14706:
14684:
14634:
14626:
14585:
14575:
14520:
14435:
14425:
14349:
14339:
14281:
14246:
14168:
14129:
14086:
14021:
13967:
13812:
13802:
13761:
13720:
13643:
13603:
13595:
13525:
13517:
13479:
13475:
13442:
13438:
13434:
13393:
13389:
13385:
13336:
13300:
13296:
13263:
13255:
13214:
13202:
13198:
13157:
13153:
13149:
13114:
13083:
13079:
13042:
13038:
13034:
12993:
12983:
12930:
12926:
12922:
12875:
12838:
12830:
12750:
12740:
12691:
12681:
12529:
12254:
12155:
11975:
11799:
11689:
11681:
11520:
11449:
11401:
11243:
11235:
11008:
10936:
10826:
10157:
10134:
10114:
9889:
9428:
9418:
9377:
9312:
9265:
9151:
9058:
8857:
8853:
8745:
8718:
8696:
8639:
7960:
Medical data in the oracle bones: translations, philological analysis, and research
7886:
7861:
7839:
7423:
7360:
7352:
7071:
7026:
7012:
6852:
6829:
6707:
5863:
5844:
5755:
5721:
5463:
5356:
5293:
5254:
5104:
4380:
3560:
3052:
2342:
2323:
2137:
2106:
2101:
1910:
1855:
1710:
1326:
1088:
948:
735:
124:
16619:
Hinrichs, T. J. (2005). "Healing and Medicine in China". In Jones, Lindsay (ed.).
14823:
14554:
Zhao P, Wang C, Liu W, Chen G, Liu X, Wang X, et al. (2013). Avila MA (ed.).
13335:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 595. pp. 321–341.
10830:
8661:
7696:"As China pushes traditional medicine globally, illegal wildlife trade flourishes"
6224:
5843:
and colleagues investigated the potential use of the traditionally used substance
18617:
18479:
18411:
18236:
18027:
17945:
17857:
17832:
17816:
17754:
17732:
17582:
17577:
17567:
17256:
Herbs and Roots: A History of Chinese Doctors in the American Medical Marketplace
17190:
16968:
16951:
16853:
16705:
16697:
16629:
16583:
16510:
16041:
15895:
15610:
14997:"Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Questions and Answers About Acupuncture"
14947:
14920:
14580:
14472:
14344:
13997:"A review of the potential forensic significance of traditional herbal medicines"
13807:
13340:
13186:
12745:
12648:
12449:
12248:
11874:
11648:
11641:
11116:
11068:
10759:
You and Your Doctor: A Guide to a Healing Relationship, with Physicians' Insights
10641:
10382:
10058:
9919:
9757:
9750:
9631:
9569:
9498:
8677:"China to roll back regulations for traditional medicine despite safety concerns"
8317:
7629:
7054:
6845:
6759:, a type of antidiarrhoeal drug in Japan developed based on Kanpo medicine theory
6494:
6400:
6280:
6162:
A bronze acupuncture statue from the Ming dynasty being displayed inside a museum
6158:
6097:
6088:
5895:
5892:
5802:
5777:
5649:
5343:
3642:
3622:
Concepts of the body and of disease used in TCM are pseudoscientific, similar to
3449:
3439:
3000:
2874:
2651:
2612:
2531:
2393:
2374:
2268:
2054:
1905:
1496:
1453:
1038:
1028:
903:
866:
804:
772:
767:
740:
678:
648:
17037:
15106:"Re: Risks of acupuncture range from stray needles to pneumothorax, finds study"
13557:"Lasker Award Rekindles Debate Over Artemisinin's Discovery | Science/AAAS"
12719:
Ma B, Guo J, Qi G, Li H, Peng J, Zhang Y, et al. (2011). Hartling L (ed.).
10885:. "The Gendered Medical Iconography of the Golden Mirror, Yuzuan Yizong Jinjian
10634:
6264:
more potent placebo or context effects". Commenting on this meta-analysis, both
6228:
4695:): dry cough, dry mouth, dry throat, dry lips, nosebleeds, dry skin, dry stools.
3201:, detailed attributions are made regarding the yin or yang character of things:
18519:
18376:
17985:
17587:
17572:
17182:
17123:
16993:
16157:. Norway's National Research Center in Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
15933:
15420:
14924:
14090:
13766:
13749:
13599:
13521:
10940:
10216:
9423:
9156:
9131:
8879:
7356:
7218:
7040:
6828:), the largest of the professional organisations that is recognised by private
6730:
6268:
and David Colquhoun said the results were of negligible clinical significance.
6248:
6120:) brings workers into close contact with these animals, increasing the risk of
6102:
6026:
6013:
5956:
5952:
5905:
5840:
5663:
5505:
5435:
5431:
5376:
3965:
3957:
3626:
3514:
3113:
TCM has also been controversial within China. In 2006, the Chinese philosopher
3107:
3040:
2622:
2582:
2458:
2428:
2125:
2113:
1885:
1850:
1473:
1346:
1113:
1098:
1013:
933:
928:
159:
18361:
16391:
15955:
15462:
15231:
15184:
13725:
13708:
12910:
12258:
11524:
8701:
8676:
8568:
8387:
7844:
7827:
6256:
acupuncture, the only sensible conclusion is that acupuncture does not work."
5580:
2617:, the oldest received work of Chinese medical theory, was compiled during the
18690:
18607:
18566:
18406:
17338:]. Translated by Bridie J. Andrews. New York: Columbia University Press.
17218:
16725:
15898:
Hong Kong Registered the Chinese Medicine Practitioner licensure requirements
15582:
13210:
12988:
11685:
11239:
10687:
10486:
8759:
7341:"A critical examination of the main premises of Traditional Chinese Medicine"
7153:
6998:
5964:
5510:
5111:
4746:, impatience; red tongue with dry yellow fur; slippery and string-like pulse.
3194:
3114:
3061:
2731:(probably second century CE) tried to reconcile divergent doctrines from the
2676:
2670:
2648:
Treatise on Cold Damage Disorders and Miscellaneous Illnesses (Shang Han Lun)
2566:
2327:
1900:
1750:
1408:
1383:
1291:
1281:
1093:
1008:
923:
846:
809:
752:
730:
618:
568:
51:
15356:
Xu S, Wang L, Cooper E, Zhang M, Manheimer E, Berman B, et al. (2013).
14779:
14689:
13333:
The Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Uses of Curcumin in Health and Disease
12533:
12463:"China's quest to buy up global supply of donkeys halted by African nations"
12417:
10601:
9043:
2932:
2557:. In the 1950s, the Chinese government promoted a systematized form of TCM.
18639:
18437:
17481:
17450:
17238:
17186:
17127:
16835:
Chinese Medicine in Early Communist China, 1945-63 A Medicine of Revolution
16817:
16779:
16757:
15591:
15547:
15450:
15428:
15393:
15339:
15267:
15249:
15192:
15149:
15077:
15057:
14955:
14698:
14648:
14599:
14532:
14497:
14449:
14363:
14293:
14182:
14141:
14098:
14033:
13826:
13734:
13655:
13617:
13539:
13487:
13456:
13407:
13358:
13308:
13277:
13228:
13171:
13126:
13091:
13056:
13007:
12944:
12887:
12852:
12764:
12705:
12169:
11811:
11624:
11461:
11274:
Foundations for integrative musculoskeletal medicine: an east-west approach
11257:
10169:
10126:
9442:
9391:
9382:
9365:
9326:
9277:
9165:
9072:
8767:
8710:
8653:
8430:
7853:
7828:"Traditional toxicity documentation of Chinese Materia Medica--an overview"
7437:
7374:
7183:
6984:
6956:
6952:
6490:
6265:
6043:
5988:
5977:
5909:
5706:
5407:
4265:
3969:
3961:
3586:
3198:
3188:
3095:
3005:
2784:
2681:
2590:
2542:
2537:
2506:
2483:
2467:
2346:
2338:
2178:
2089:
1985:
1663:
1463:
1433:
1306:
1185:
1073:
998:
898:
893:
799:
794:
745:
708:
653:
638:
318:
242:
131:
16585:
Uneasy Encounters: The Politics of Medicine and Health in China, 1900-1937
16478:"A Consumer's Guide to Acupuncture and Asian Medicine - Acupuncture Board"
15539:
15374:
14430:
14258:
13981:
13259:
12686:
11703:
9269:
8062:
7334:
7332:
5071:
Auscultation refers to listening for particular sounds (such as wheezing).
4383:, on which female patients could indicate the location of their symptoms.
4260:
2735:
and developed a complete medical system centered on needling therapy. The
18644:
18612:
17965:
17824:
17726:
17455:
17430:
16753:
16707:
Neither Donkey nor Horse: Medicine in the Struggle over China's Modernity
15785:[State Countil notification on establishing the NATCM (SC 79)].
15263:
13118:
12834:
11670:"Health in China. Traditional Chinese medicine: one country, two systems"
11020:
9063:
7228:
7188:
6856:
6145:
6141:
6129:
6125:
5884:
5858:
5797:
5763:
5759:
5503:
Traditional Chinese medicine also includes some human parts: the classic
5423:
3434:
2792:
2773:
2769:
2618:
2574:
2389:
2118:
2077:
1804:
1423:
1341:
1053:
978:
973:
913:
693:
663:
613:
608:
573:
16890:
16623:. Vol. 6. Detroit, MI: Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 3859–3864.
15888:
14379:"Mercury and Chinese herbal medicine | British Columbia Medical Journal"
11936:
8552:(Master's thesis ed.). Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
5932:
4742:
or deafness, vomiting of sour or bitter fluids, expectoration of blood,
4290:) are believed to be channels running from the zàng-fǔ in the interior (
18592:
18266:
18160:
18053:
17970:
17720:
17088:
17003:
16809:
12136:"Traditional Chinese medicine: China's bear farms prompt public outcry"
11979:
11609:"Certain progress of clinical research on Chinese integrative medicine"
8734:"Beijing proposes law to ban criticism of traditional Chinese medicine"
7329:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7128:
6922:
6918:
6768:
6544: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
6192:) literally meaning "acupuncture-moxibustion" – which involves burning
6001:
5742:
5656:
5419:
5388:
5335:
5176:
if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
5083:
4466:
4356:
4352:
3792:("fluids"), and/or transformation of all of the latter into each other.
3646:
3634:
2896:
2843:
2803:
2788:
2749:
2463:
2442:
The demand for traditional medicines in China was a major generator of
2384:, a sixteenth-century encyclopedic work, and includes various forms of
2366:
2082:
1762:
1521:
1018:
1003:
993:
881:
628:
578:
17071:
Shows early use of Chinese medicine not always perceived as "Chinese."
17057:
Needles, Herbs, Gods, and Ghosts: China, Healing, and the West to 1848
15982:"Special Report – Traditional Chinese Medicine – Breathing a new life"
15321:
15213:
15141:
14630:
14285:
12879:
12817:
Ma CH, Lin WL, Lui SL, Cai XY, Wong VT, Ziea E, Zhang ZJ (July 2013).
10838:
10118:
10059:"Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience: From Alien Abductions to Zone Therapy"
8750:
8733:
8547:
6826:中 Zhong - Nederlandse Vereniging voor Traditionele Chinese Geneeskunde
6824:
The logo of the Dutch Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine (or
6800:, shall be treated in the same manner as a medical doctor or dentist.
5772:
5021:
external causes: these include the Six Excesses and "Pestilential Qi".
3538:
Strict rules are identified to apply to the relationships between the
18654:
18602:
18396:
18391:
17516:
16208:
15024:"Acupuncture for chronic pain: individual patient data meta-analysis"
14524:
14133:
13647:
10068:
9597:(Fall 2017 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University,
7471:"No, Traditional Chinese Medicine Has Not Been Vindicated by Science"
6054:
5960:
5948:
5943:
5870:
5817:
5767:
5688:
5399:
5364:
5286:
4755:
The process of determining which actual pattern is on hand is called
4484:", which governs the reproductive systems in both sexes. This source
3630:
2981:
2955:
2636:
2554:
2462:
The Compendium of Materia Medica is a pharmaceutical text written by
2213:
2196:
1952:
1792:
1785:
1443:
1403:
1378:
1083:
1043:
908:
440:
190:
17132:
The Way and the Word: Science and Medicine in Early China and Greece
16801:
15358:"Adverse events of acupuncture: a systematic review of case reports"
14664:
13107:
Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao = Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine
12565:
Commodifying bodies, Nancy Scheper-Hughes, Loïc J. D. Wacquant, 2002
12160:
12135:
10018:
Global Technological Change: From Hard Technology to Soft Technology
9317:
9292:
8644:
8619:
7428:
7403:
6519:
6311:) is a form of massage, based on the assumptions of TCM, from which
5652:
found inconclusive evidence that CHM reduces the severity of eczema.
5551:
diseases, while cool and cold herbs are used to treat heat diseases.
5301:
are extensively used in traditional medicine in China and elsewhere.
520:
18634:
18432:
18331:
17899:
17702:
17677:
15727:
15496:
Voices of Qi: An Introductory Guide to Traditional Chinese Medicine
15455:
Alternative Medicine – A Critical Assessment of 150 Modalities
15273:
Trick or treatment: The undeniable facts about alternative medicine
13867:
East Asian Medicine in Urban Japan: Varieties of Medical Experience
12065:"Will traditional Chinese medicine mean the end of the wild tiger?"
8026:
Early Chinese Medical Literature: The Mawangdui Medical Manuscripts
6960:
6755:
6121:
6009:
5997:
5972:
5852:
5728:
5717:
5712:
5490:
5443:
5380:
5352:
5348:
5331:
5298:
5266:
4739:
4656:
4059:
3855:); its main function is defence and it has pronounced yang nature.
3670:
3123:
2777:
2691:
2447:
2263:
1780:
1687:
1675:
1356:
1264:
1103:
557:
426:
211:
145:
17785:
16336:"Registration Requirements for the Registration of TCM Physicians"
16245:
16088:"MEDICAL SERVICE ACT | KOREAN LAW INFORMATION CENTER | LAW SEARCH"
7992:
Celestial Lancets: A History and Rationale of Acupuncture and Moxa
5434:
fail to stop the display and sale of these items in open markets.
3577:
2680:, which were edited separately in the eleventh century, under the
2529:
The doctrines of Chinese medicine are rooted in books such as the
18659:
18582:
17937:
17714:
17708:
17601:
14994:
8519:
Power and Charity: A Chinese Merchant Elite in Colonial Hong Kong
8176:. Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan.
7123:
6964:
6944:
6436:
6424:
6363:
6312:
6193:
6150:
6048:
5993:
5825:
5782:
5692:
5514:
5513:) describes (also criticizes) the use of 35 human body parts and
5258:
4351:) is the traditional Chinese term for women's medicine (it means
3615:
rather than something with biochemical or anatomical properties.
3543:
3454:
3444:
2866:
2550:
2479:
2397:
2201:
2047:
1818:
1797:
1755:
1680:
1632:
1448:
1366:
1331:
1321:
1063:
249:
61:
57:
16127:. Ministry of Health, Malaysia. 2015. p. 10. Archived from
15779:
State Council of the People's Republic of China (20 July 1986).
15073:"Acupuncture useful, but overall of little benefit, study shows"
11203:"Fluid physiology and pathology in traditional Chinese medicine"
7338:
6750:
6291:
5855:, which was approved for leukemia treatment by the FDA in 2000.
4894:
how specific entities are affected. This evaluation can be done
18474:
18326:
17511:
17506:
17501:
17491:
17486:
17460:
17445:
16785:"Science and Medicine in Imperial China—the State of the Field"
14317:
13187:"Interventions for latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA) in adults"
11864:
Facts about traditional Chinese medicine (TCM): rhinoceros horn
10240:
10238:
9221:"Chinese medicine gains WHO acceptance but it has many critics"
8787:
6948:
6910:
6471:
6326:
6300:
6005:
5888:
5735:
5360:
5079:
4530:
From a scientific point of view, most of the disease entities (
3987:
3953:
3607:(such as digestion, breathing, temperature maintenance, etc.):
3525:
3469:
3156:
2902:
2626:
2570:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2326:, with the majority of treatments having no robust evidence of
2130:
1995:
1668:
1536:
1361:
1316:
983:
352:
15909:"3 Institutions offering Chinese Medicine Courses In Hongkong"
15838:"China passes first law on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)"
10933:
The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Medicine – Essential Questions
10785:
A Flourishing Yin: Gender in China's Medical History: 960–1665
10631:
A Flourishing Yin: Gender in China's Medical History, 960–1665
9042:
Shang A, Huwiler K, Nartey L, Jüni P, Egger M (October 2007).
8990:
A Flourishing Yin: Gender in China's Medical History, 960–1665
7587:. The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press. 3 November 2010.
6196:
on or near the skin at an acupuncture point. According to the
6004:, Yang Qi Shi, 阳起石) is used to treat impotence in TCM. Due to
5273:
4626:
The Six Excesses and their characteristic clinical signs are:
18469:
18447:
10148:
Ernst E (February 2006). "Acupuncture--a critical analysis".
7755:
6764:
6638:
Many governments have enacted laws to regulate TCM practice.
6113:
5471:
have prompted export restrictions by some African countries.
5327:
5326:
Some animal parts used include cow gallstones, hornet nests,
3973:
3949:
3530:
3474:
3014:
as the vital force or energy of life. The Five Phase theory (
2966:
of traditional Chinese medicine to replace Western medicine.
2523:
1413:
1388:
1269:
819:
366:
271:
257:
65:
16634:. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
16517:. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
16146:
14901:
13956:"Lethal ingestion of Chinese herbal tea containing ch'an su"
13581:
10235:
9977:"Zang Fu, the organ systems of traditional Chinese medicine"
9957:"Zang Fu, the organ systems of traditional Chinese medicine"
6405:
6251:
and the existing equivocal positive results are the type of
5920:
A 2012 systematic review found there is a lack of available
5781:, traditionally used to treat fever, has been found to have
5281:
3300:
18464:
18321:
17379:
Literary Review Compilation on Traditional Chinese Medicine
15021:
11001:
Social Science & Medicine. Part B: Medical Anthropology
10103:
7520:"The World Health Organization Has a Pseudoscience Problem"
6695:
6691:
6295:
An example of a traditional Chinese medicine used in tui na
6172:
5687:
A 2011 Cochrane review did not find improvement in fasting
4480:
Once again, the kidney visceral system governs the "source
4069:
s essential functions consist in production and storage of
3837:
in general is considered to be yang). The latter is called
3695:
is something that is defined by five "cardinal functions":
3484:
3479:
3174:
2783:
Prominent medical scholars of the post-Han period included
1628:
1398:
1252:
17371:—School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University
17362:—School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University
15303:
14733:"Acupuncture – Consensus Development Conference Statement"
10672:. University of California Press. pp. 245, 250, 255.
9998:
9996:
9994:
8474:
Shen Nong Ben Cao Ling (The Divine Farmers Materia Medica)
6686:
Currently, the approved Chinese medicine institutions are
6441:
5485:
5007:
There are three fundamental categories of disease causes (
3877:
In contrast to the majority of other functional entities,
3046:
Critics say that TCM theory and practice have no basis in
2814:
2474:
18102:
National Administration of Disease Control and Prevention
16190:
European Traditional Chinese Medicine Association (ETCMA)
16180:
16178:
16176:
16033:
Cheta Nilawaty dan Rini Kustiati. 13 August 2012. TEMPO,
15519:
Silva LM, Schalock M, Ayres R, Bunse C, Budden S (2009).
13781:
Yang G, Wang Y, Tian J, Liu JP (2013). Scherer RW (ed.).
12386:
12287:
9225:
8357:
The Evolution of Chinese Medicine: Song Dynasty, 960–1200
6914:
6855:
companies reimburse a certain amount of annual costs for
6687:
5833:
5481:
Traditional Chinese medicines derived from the human body
3464:
2208:
230:
216:
202:
17030:
Healthcare and Biomedical Technology in the 21st Century
15256:
14665:"Bats Are Natural Reservoirs of SARS-Like Coronaviruses"
14510:
14318:
Genuis SJ, Schwalfenberg G, Siy AK, Rodushkin I (2012).
12668:
Wu XY, Tang JL, Mao C, Yuan JQ, Qin Y, Chung VC (2013).
11162:"Some Acupuncture Points Which Treat Disorders of Blood"
10199:氣的生理功能...(一)推動作用...(二)溫煦作用...(三)防御作用...(四)固攝作用...(五)氣化作用
9625:"A General Introduction to Traditional Chinese Medicine"
8082:(1991). "Qin Han zhi ji zhenjiu liaofa lilun de jianli"
7792:
7634:"Be Wary of Acupuncture, Qigong, and 'Chinese Medicine'"
7563:
7448:
2565:
Traces of therapeutic activities in China date from the
18097:
National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
17539:
16155:"Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in the Netherlands"
15560:
15518:
15304:
Madsen MV, Gøtzsche PC, Hróbjartsson A (January 2009).
13748:
Bian Z, Chen S, Cheng C, Wang J, Xiao H, Qin H (2012).
13506:"Artemisinin: discovery from the Chinese herbal garden"
13423:"Traditional Chinese herbal products for stable angina"
13372:
Liu JP, Manheimer E, Yang M (July 2005). Liu JP (ed.).
13184:
13021:
Liu X, Zhang M, He L, Li Y (October 2012). Li Y (ed.).
12784:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 10–.
12642:"Chinese materia medica: combinations and applications"
11642:"Herbal emissaries: bringing Chinese herbs to the West"
11571:
Introduction to English Terminology of Chinese Medicine
11484:"The Essentials of Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine"
10349:津液包括各脏腑组织的正常体液和正常的分泌物,胃液、肠液、唾液、关节液等。习惯上也包括代谢产物中的尿、汗、泪等。
9991:
9020:
6665:
National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
6168:
5373:
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
5122:. Learning TCM pulse diagnosis can take several years.
3948:. Their palpable manifestations are all bodily fluids:
3661:
3090:
3010:
2488:
Shisi jingfahui (Expression of the Fourteen Meridians).
2418:
1639:
1351:
17415:
16173:
14463:
Encyclopedic Reference of Traditional Chinese Medicine
13953:
13750:"Developing new drugs from annals of Chinese medicine"
13374:"Herbal medicines for treating HIV infection and AIDS"
13290:
12579:"Traditional Chinese medicine contains human placenta"
10559:[meridian theory] (in Chinese). Archived from
10448:"Cultural China–Chinese Medicine–Basic Zang Fu Theory"
10422:"Cultural China–Chinese Medicine–Basic Zang Fu Theory"
9041:
9008:
8382:
8380:
8378:
8376:
7811:
Leslie, Charles. "Medicine". In Embry, Ainslee (ed.).
7500:
5822:
The Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergency Treatments
4581:). The concrete pattern identified should account for
4252:, a peculiar entity almost similar to the Heart zàng.
482:
468:
17332:
Traditional Chinese Medicine: Heritage and Adaptation
16275:
15362:
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
14556:"Causes and outcomes of acute liver failure in China"
13588:
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
12674:
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
11431:
10210:
10208:
9815:"Practical diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine"
9457:"Traditional Chinese Medicine and Endangered Animals"
5970:
Substances known to be potentially dangerous include
5089:
Palpation which includes feeling the body for tender
3899:
3884:
3878:
2969:
2880:
The State Intellectual Property Office (now known as
178:
164:
150:
136:
16631:
Chinese Medicine and Healing: An Illustrated History
16515:
Chinese Medicine and Healing: An Illustrated History
16152:
15694:"Chinese Medicine Board of Australia – Registration"
14878:
14411:
12573:
12571:
12094:
12092:
12090:
11270:
11160:
Deadman, Peter; Al-Khafaji, Mazin (September 1994).
10970:
10708:
A Flourishing Yin: Gender in China's Medical History
10670:
A flourishing yin: gender in Chinaʼs medical history
7882:"Chairman Mao Invented Traditional Chinese Medicine"
7780:
7756:
J A Jewell and Sheila Hillier (2017). "Kan-Wen Ma".
7488:
6974:
6058:. The herbs indicated as being hepatotoxic included
4865:), can be further differentiated into deficiency of
4014:
refers to the five considered to be yin in nature –
2980:, and observing the history from the perspective of
408:
394:
17149:Lo, Vivienne; Stanley-Baker, Michael, eds. (2022),
16058:"・あん摩マツサージ指圧師、はり師、きゆう師等に関する法律(◆昭和22年12月20日法律第217号)"
14757:
13869:. University of California Press; Reprint edition.
13330:
13142:"Chinese herbal medicines for hypercholesterolemia"
11062:"A handbook of TCM patterns & their treatments"
8911:"Historical evolution of Chinese Healthcare System"
8373:
7768:
4987:
3861:is said to circulate in the meridians. Just as the
17313:Medicine in China: Historical Artifacts and Images
17195:. Science and Civilisation in China. Vol. 6,
16875:The Essential Book of Traditional Chinese Medicine
16837:. London, England; New York, NY: RoutledgeCurzon.
16783:
15811:国务院办公厅关于印发国家中医药管理局职能配置内设机构和人员编制规定的通知(国办发〔1998〕95号)
15609:
14735:. National Institutes of Health. 5 November 1997.
13840:Levy WO, Kalidas K, Miller NS (26 February 2010).
13629:
13627:
12771:
12382:"China bans shark fin dishes at official banquets"
11831:(2 ed.). Paradigm Publications. p. 904.
10633:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.
10205:
10189:
10187:
8725:
8467:
7875:
7873:
7871:
6717:Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
6409:Acupuncture and moxibustion after cupping in Japan
5806:, a herb traditionally used as a fever treatment.
5548:
3637:evidence for traditional Chinese concepts such as
3581:Old Chinese medical chart on acupuncture meridians
2891:In the second decade of the twenty-first century,
2581:Stone and bone needles found in ancient tombs led
18107:Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
16762:Trick or Treatment: Alternative Medicine on Trial
16752:
15355:
14995:U.S. National Institute of Health (11 May 2006).
14881:Electrotherapy explained: principles and practice
13839:
13747:
13633:
13248:Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine
12568:
12087:
11937:"'Shocking' scale of pangolin smuggling revealed"
11404:. Asian Animal Protection Network. 26 July 2012.
11159:
10931:"Diagnosis for Pulse-Taking and Pulse Subtlety",
9745:
9743:
9741:
9563:"A Study of Daoist Acupuncture & Moxibustion"
9258:Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine
9118:
9103:
9088:
8996:
8535:. The Straits Times. 9 November 1935. p. 13.
8028:. London and New York: Kegan Paul International.
7247:
7245:
6844:that are used in TCM are classified as foods and
6349:is a skillful movement, work, or exercise of the
5883:) in TCM, has been documented in China since the
4578:
4329:
2412:, and dietary therapy. TCM is widely used in the
18688:
18128:Macau Secretariat for Social Affairs and Culture
17027:
16628:Hinrichs, T. J.; Barnes, Linda L., eds. (2013).
16011:"KEPUTUSAN MENTERI KESEHATAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA"
15830:
14919:
14800:. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
13678:"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015"
13371:
13069:
11600:
10935:, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, March 2019, pp. 69–77,
9832:
9830:
9729:
9727:
9725:
9723:
9721:
9719:
9717:
9715:
9713:
9711:
9709:
9707:
9705:
9703:
9701:
9699:
9697:
9695:
9693:
9691:
9689:
9687:
9685:
9683:
9681:
9679:
9677:
9675:
9673:
9671:
9669:
9667:
9254:
7915:
7913:
7911:
7909:
7726:"Campaign cracks down on illegal wildlife trade"
6842:Chinese herbs as well as Chinese herbal products
4750:
2490:(Tokyo: Suharaya Heisuke kanko, Kyoho gan 1716).
17249:, Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
17148:
16513:. In Hinrichs, T. J.; Barnes, Linda L. (eds.).
16125:Traditional and Complementary Medicine Division
15642:"What is Cupping? Here's What You Need to Know"
14553:
14412:Huang CF, Hsu CJ, Liu SH, Lin-Shiau SY (2012).
14072:
14070:
14068:
14066:
13780:
13624:
12352:"Sharks Fin Soup Bans Don't Stop Strong Demand"
11636:
11634:
11427:
11425:
11423:
11371:
11197:
11195:
11193:
11191:
11189:
11187:
11104:
10787:. University of California Press. p. 248.
10184:
9665:
9663:
9661:
9659:
9657:
9655:
9653:
9651:
9649:
9647:
9293:"China plans to modernize traditional medicine"
8146:
7985:
7983:
7981:
7979:
7953:Jiaguwen yixue ziliao: shiwen kaobian yu yanjiu
7868:
7159:Public health in the People's Republic of China
6933:National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine
6904:National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine
4715:
4510:designed to clear heat or supplement the Lung.
4507:
323:
294:
18259: * only in special administrative regions
18249:China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
16627:
14913:
14872:
14764:(25th ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
14313:
14311:
14236:
13469:
13420:
12865:
12133:
11785:
11783:
11374:Encounters with Qi: exploring Chinese medicine
11102:
11100:
11098:
11096:
11094:
11092:
11090:
11088:
11086:
11084:
11056:
11054:
11052:
11050:
11048:
11046:
11044:
11042:
11040:
11038:
10281:
10279:
9738:
8516:
8419:
8417:
8415:
8311:
8309:
8307:
8305:
8303:
8301:
8299:
8297:
8295:
8293:
8291:
8289:
8287:
8285:
8283:
8281:
8279:
8277:
8275:
8273:
8271:
8269:
8267:
8265:
8263:
8261:
8259:
8257:
8255:
8253:
8251:
8249:
8247:
8245:
8243:
8241:
8239:
8237:
8235:
8233:
8231:
8229:
8227:
8225:
8223:
8221:
8219:
8217:
8215:
8213:
8019:
8017:
8015:
8013:
8011:
7659:
7657:
7655:
7242:
6135:
5745:. There was some weak evidence of pain relief.
5662:A 2012 Cochrane review found no difference in
5172:Please review the contents of the section and
4519:a common cold might present with a pattern of
2517:writes that Chinese, Greco-Arabic, and Indian
2497:Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine
445:
431:
18282:
17801:
17401:
17294:Medicine in China: A History of Pharmaceutics
17059:. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
15164:
14486:The Canadian Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
14111:
13139:
12777:
12667:
12129:
12127:
12125:
12100:"Rhino rescue plan decimates Asian antelopes"
11334:Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion (1st ed.)
10908:
10902:
10896:
10886:
10880:
10547:
10473:
10386:
10347:
10312:
10197:
9951:
9949:
9947:
9854:
9852:
9850:
9827:
9809:
9492:Traditional Chinese Medicine: An Introduction
9359:
9037:
9035:
8818:
8563:
8561:
8559:
8436:
8424:
8211:
8209:
8207:
8205:
8203:
8201:
8199:
8197:
8195:
8193:
8167:
8165:
8163:
8161:
8111:
8109:
8107:
8089:
8077:
7946:
7906:
7624:
7622:
7620:
7618:
7616:
7584:Huangdi Neijing: A Synopsis with Commentaries
7139:List of topics characterized as pseudoscience
6480:
6306:
5878:
5524:
5494:
5059:
4993:
4756:
4315:
4303:
4291:
4279:
4215:
4186:
4157:
4128:
4119:
4093:
3890:
3146:
3140:
2988:
2975:
2760:
2743:
2663:
2541:, as well as in cosmological notions such as
2470:of China. This edition was published in 1593.
2416:. One of the basic tenets is that the body's
2378:(The Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor), and
2288:
1568:
98:
84:
17296:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
17277:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
16995:WHO traditional medicine strategy: 2014-2023
16916:
16858:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
16565:Clinical introduction to medical acupuncture
16035:Belum Ada Aturan Soal Klinik Pengobatan Cina
15570:The American Journal of Occupational Therapy
15528:The American Journal of Occupational Therapy
15406:
14794:"CFR – Code of Federal Regulations Title 21"
14612:
14076:
14063:
13241:
13020:
12636:
12634:
12632:
12630:
12628:
12626:
12624:
12622:
12620:
12499:. Twin Lakes, WI: Lotus Light Pub. pp.
12494:
12374:
11965:
11661:
11631:
11420:
11310:
11221:
11184:
10270:
9945:
9943:
9941:
9939:
9937:
9935:
9933:
9931:
9929:
9927:
9807:
9805:
9803:
9801:
9799:
9797:
9795:
9793:
9791:
9789:
9777:
9775:
9773:
9733:
9644:
9411:International Journal of Infectious Diseases
9357:
9355:
9353:
9351:
9349:
9347:
9345:
9343:
9341:
9339:
9250:
9248:
8124:Early Chinese Texts: A Bibliographical Guide
7976:
7924:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
3084:research for TCM found that studies had low
3008:are the changing factors in cosmology, with
2677:Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Casket
2635:, which was excavated in the 1970s from the
371:
357:
18140:National Healthcare Security Administration
15561:Silva LM, Schalock M, Gabrielsen K (2011).
15443:
15400:
15297:
14879:Robertson V, Ward A, Low J, Reed A (2006).
14308:
13833:
13499:
13497:
13472:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
13427:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
13378:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
13293:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
13072:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
13027:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
12915:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
12911:"Chinese herbal medicine for atopic eczema"
12908:
12816:
12618:
12616:
12614:
12612:
12610:
12608:
12606:
12604:
12602:
12600:
12411:
12409:
12313:
12211:
12209:
11824:
11780:
11567:
11325:
11081:
11035:
10625:
10623:
10621:
10619:
10617:
10615:
10613:
10611:
10276:
9619:
9617:
9615:
9486:
9484:
9482:
8992:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
8611:
8412:
8354:
8008:
7962:]. Beijing: Renmin weisheng chubanshe.
7652:
6029:has been reported with products containing
5074:Olfaction refers to attending to body odor.
5004:, "disease-cause pattern discrimination").
4708:): either heat or mixed damp-heat symptoms.
3129:
2448:killing and smuggling of endangered animals
18289:
18275:
17808:
17794:
17408:
17394:
17275:Nan-Ching: The Classic of Difficult Issues
17122:
16392:"中醫學系畢業之中醫師自即日起得執行醫事檢驗、普通放射檢查及靜止狀態心電圖等權限。"
15603:
15601:
15512:
15262:
15127:
15097:
14990:
14988:
14661:
14483:
14418:Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology
14148:
13888:
13886:
13706:
13559:. News.sciencemag.org. 29 September 2011.
13551:
13549:
13326:
13324:
13322:
13320:
13318:
12969:
12490:
12488:
12122:
12058:
12056:
12054:
11828:A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine
11667:
10812:
10810:
10808:
10806:
10804:
10701:
10699:
10697:
10663:
10661:
10659:
10657:
10655:
10653:
10651:
10649:
10518:
10516:
9847:
9032:
8556:
8315:
8190:
8174:Traditional Medicine in Contemporary China
8158:
8104:
7879:
7613:
6713:Macau University of Science and Technology
5980:, powdered centipede, the Chinese beetle (
5499:) is used in traditional Chinese medicine.
5402:as a treatment compound, more than 12,000
3789:
3060:." It also described TCM as "fraught with
2888:granted for traditional Chinese medicine.
2322:in China. A large share of its claims are
2295:
2281:
2160:Universal Church of the Way and its Virtue
1575:
1561:
644:Association for Research and Enlightenment
17291:
17243:"Chinese Philosophy and Chinese Medicine"
16967:
16153:CAM Regulation admin (31 December 2012).
15889:The Chinese Medicine Council of Hong Kong
15581:
15383:
15373:
15329:
15239:
15103:
15047:
14842:
14758:Novak PD, Dorland NW, Dorland WA (1995).
14751:
14688:
14638:
14589:
14579:
14439:
14429:
14353:
14343:
14172:
14015:
13971:
13949:
13947:
13816:
13806:
13765:
13724:
13607:
13529:
13446:
13421:Zhuo Q, Yuan Z, Chen H, Wu T (May 2010).
13397:
13267:
13218:
13161:
13104:
13046:
12997:
12987:
12934:
12842:
12754:
12744:
12718:
12695:
12685:
12159:
11693:
11247:
11138:
10998:
9924:
9879:
9786:
9770:
9591:"Chinese Philosophy and Chinese Medicine"
9432:
9422:
9404:
9381:
9336:
9316:
9245:
9155:
9062:
8908:
8902:
8749:
8700:
8674:
8643:
8521:. Hong Kong Univ. Press. pp. x, 141.
7989:
7843:
7427:
7398:
7396:
7394:
7392:
7390:
7388:
7386:
7384:
7364:
7112:HIV/AIDS and traditional Chinese medicine
6604:Learn how and when to remove this message
6233:A 2013 editorial in the American journal
5902:and Chinese traditional herbal medicines
4038:refers to the six associated with yang –
3098:) is circulating through channels called
3068:for traditional Chinese concepts such as
2372:TCM is said to be based on such texts as
18296:
18114:National Medical Products Administration
17336:Traditionelle chinesische Medizin (2013)
17329:
17310:
17272:
16872:
16851:
16618:
16562:
16543:
16508:
15932:. 世界中医药教育. 19 April 2013. Archived from
15750:"Traditional Chinese Medicine Act, 2006"
15487:
15351:
15349:
15170:
14907:
14271:
13503:
13494:
12597:
12406:
12206:
11994:
11356:
11153:
11144:
10816:
10608:
10534:
10522:
10507:
10193:
10056:
10002:
9781:
9612:
9479:
9114:
9112:
9099:
9097:
9084:
9082:
9026:
9014:
8983:
8981:
8979:
8977:
8975:
8973:
8971:
8969:
7919:
7798:
7454:
7134:List of branches of alternative medicine
7107:Hallucinogenic plants in Chinese herbals
7067:The body in traditional Chinese medicine
6899:
6819:
6781:
6749:
6729:
6440:
6404:
6290:
6157:
6149:
5931:
5771:
5484:
5292:
5289:in a "crush cage" on Huizhou Farm, China
5280:
5272:
5248:
4259:
4124:, "Triple Burner"] and Pericardium )
3576:
3299:
3173:
2860:
2473:
2457:
56:A prescription section of a pharmacy in
17253:
17247:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
17237:
17181:
17178:(1985), brief history on pp. 56–59
16730:"What Is Traditional Chinese Medicine?"
16724:
16660:
16005:
16003:
15598:
15493:
15449:
15270:(2008). "The Truth about Acupuncture".
15173:Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine
14985:
13883:
13546:
13315:
13191:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
13146:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
13105:Luo H, Han M, Liu JP (March 2011). "".
12485:
12443:DNA may weed out toxic Chinese medicine
12415:
12349:
12246:
12215:
12134:Sheng X, Zhang H, Weng Q (April 2012).
12051:
11959:
11857:
11506:
11119:Blue Poppy Press. 10th Printing, 2007.
10979:
10971:Nakagawa T, Sun B, Muramatsu K (1966).
10913:, 111–32. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2018.
10901:, Barrett Penelope, Dear David, Di Lu,
10801:
10776:
10762:. McFarland & Company. p. 66.
10694:
10646:
10513:
10097:
10008:
9595:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
9588:
9525:
8780:
8593:. Palgrave Socio-Legal Studies series.
7774:
7666:"What Is Traditional Chinese Medicine?"
7663:
7628:
7118:Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine
6509:
5569:
4523:in one person, and with the pattern of
2815:Chinese communities under Colonial rule
2737:AB Canon of Acupuncture and Moxibustion
2422:is circulating through channels called
14:
18689:
18598:Medicine in the medieval Islamic world
18347:Traditional healers of Southern Africa
17225:
17151:Routledge Handbook of Chinese Medicine
17054:
16832:
16581:
16544:———— (2013b).
16470:
16328:
16110:
16027:
15882:
15801:
15772:
15742:
15716:
15686:
15660:
15634:
15207:
15104:Colquhoun, David (17 September 2012).
15015:
14786:
14725:
14547:
14504:
14477:
14456:
14405:
14370:
14265:
14105:
13988:
13944:
13924:Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica
13918:
13912:
13858:
13774:
13741:
13670:
13575:
13463:
13414:
13365:
13284:
13242:Cao H, Liu J, Lewith GT (April 2010).
13235:
13098:
13063:
13014:
12963:
12902:
12859:
12810:
12778:Humber JM, Almeder RF (9 March 2013).
12712:
12661:
12455:
12436:
12343:
12240:
12176:
12062:
12020:
11934:
11928:
11915:
11879:
11818:
11710:
11606:
11561:
11512:
11476:
11394:
11365:
11350:
11316:
11304:
11264:
11129:
10992:
10964:
10924:
10873:
10859:
10845:
10755:
10749:
10724:
10575:
10540:
10528:
10501:
10466:
9509:
9366:"Toxicological risks of Chinese herbs"
8846:Asian Journal of Public Administration
8617:
8485:
8023:
7751:
7749:
7569:
7506:
7381:
5583:, quickening the Blood and dispelling
5024:internal causes: the "Seven Affects" (
4398:
4244:The zàng-fǔ are also connected to the
3597:) circulates through channels, called
232:
180:
18270:
17789:
17389:
16949:
16873:—— (1988). " Liu Yanchi.
16855:Medicine in China: A History of Ideas
16778:
16666:"Chinese Medicine in the Covid Wards"
16648:from the original on 21 November 2021
16546:The Making of Modern Chinese Medicine
16531:from the original on 21 November 2021
16398:from the original on 23 February 2024
16372:from the original on 27 December 2023
16023:from the original on 10 January 2022.
15988:from the original on 24 February 2022
15554:
15346:
14973:from the original on 20 November 2018
14713:from the original on 11 November 2020
14613:Wassenaar, T.M.; Zou, Y. (May 2020).
14230:
14154:
13994:
12559:
12550:
12517:
12321:"Shark Fin Soup: An Eco-Catastrophe?"
11789:
11549:from the original on 20 November 2023
11331:
11071:Blue Poppy Press. 6th Printing 2007.
10782:
10705:
10667:
10440:
10414:
10375:
10363:from the original on 13 November 2010
10340:
10328:from the original on 13 November 2010
10305:
10293:from the original on 27 November 2010
10264:
10147:
10141:
10050:
9969:
9858:
9582:
9555:
9503:
9449:
9398:
9109:
9094:
9079:
9051:International Journal of Epidemiology
9002:
8987:
8966:
8933:
8872:
8837:
8807:
8588:
8348:
8171:
8116:Sivin N (1993). "Huang-ti nei-ching"
8115:
8069:
8048:
8042:
7938:
7922:Medicine in China: A History of Ideas
7825:
7819:
7786:
7601:from the original on 11 November 2023
7144:List of traditional Chinese medicines
5915:
5839:Also in the 1970s Chinese researcher
5830:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
5138:List of traditional Chinese medicines
4496:
4084:) substances such as waste and food.
3904:(usually termed "blood vacuity" [
2987:In Chinese classical texts, the term
2639:that had been sealed in 168 BCE, the
17258:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
17134:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
17074:
16897:
16458:from the original on 27 January 2023
16428:from the original on 27 January 2023
16316:from the original on 25 October 2020
16256:from the original on 19 January 2021
16098:from the original on 28 January 2023
16000:
15704:from the original on 24 October 2019
15648:from the original on 23 January 2018
15607:
15116:from the original on 11 January 2022
15064:
14816:
14393:from the original on 10 January 2022
14376:
14204:
13864:
13700:
12651:Donica Publishing Ltd. 1st edition.
12585:from the original on 16 January 2009
12301:from the original on 22 January 2009
12253:. Vol. 15. New York: Springer.
12075:from the original on 1 February 2009
12026:
12008:from the original on 9 December 2009
11947:from the original on 18 October 2016
11754:
11728:
11588:from the original on 31 January 2021
11359:Tongue Diagnosis in Chinese Medicine
11291:from the original on 31 January 2021
11172:from the original on 10 January 2022
10735:. Shanghai university of TCM press.
10730:
10214:
9903:
9405:Liu Q, Cao L, Zhu XQ (August 2014).
9363:
9218:
8921:from the original on 25 January 2021
8731:
8578:(in Chinese (Taiwan)). 7 April 2019.
7706:from the original on 20 October 2021
7465:
7463:
7061:American Journal of Chinese Medicine
6786:Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
6542:adding citations to reliable sources
6513:
6154:Needles being inserted into the skin
5596:
5554:The classification according to the
5533:The classification according to the
5321:
5141:
3780:) – of food, drink, and breath into
3566:
2913:
2833:
18551:Medieval medicine of Western Europe
17815:
17103:
16998:. World Health Organization. 2013.
16879:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
16703:
16068:from the original on 14 August 2023
15962:from the original on 8 January 2022
15844:from the original on 28 August 2018
15698:Chinese Medicine Board of Australia
15085:from the original on 4 January 2017
15070:
14929:"Acupuncture is theatrical placebo"
14830:from the original on 11 August 2011
14798:FDA US Food and Drug Administration
14761:Dorland's Pocket Medical Dictionary
14739:from the original on 25 August 2011
14377:Wong, H.C. George (November 2004).
13844:. Academic Press. pp. 307–08.
13563:from the original on 4 January 2014
13133:
12798:from the original on 21 August 2016
12523:
12497:Chinese traditional herbal medicine
12473:from the original on 3 October 2017
12424:from the original on 4 October 2012
12362:from the original on 14 August 2020
12002:"NOVA Online | Amanda Vincent"
11918:"Rhino horn: All myth, no medicine"
11909:
11792:Complementary Therapies in Medicine
11768:from the original on 4 January 2011
11742:from the original on 5 January 2011
11147:The Foundations of Chinese Medicine
11060:Flaws, B. & Finney, D. (1996):
10085:from the original on 21 August 2016
10014:
9467:from the original on 5 October 2013
9290:
9284:
8571:中醫的發明和國族認同有關係?文化大革命對「傳統中醫學」的影響 | 故事
8545:
8152:
8051:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
7746:
7494:
6658:
6128:has identified dozens of SARS-like
6019:To avoid its toxic adverse effects
5474:
5393:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
5097:
4513:
3730:) – the body, especially the limbs.
3171:and microcosm-macrocosm analogies.
2718:
24:
18417:Traditional Alaska Native medicine
17417:Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
17369:Chinese Medicine Specimen Database
16986:
16937:from the original on 13 April 2021
16740:from the original on 15 April 2014
16710:. Chicago: University of Chicago.
16680:from the original on 9 March 2022.
16606:from the original on 19 March 2022
16286:from the original on 14 April 2021
16226:from the original on 12 March 2020
16196:from the original on 30 March 2020
16161:from the original on 30 March 2020
14860:from the original on 9 August 2013
14804:from the original on 27 March 2019
14051:from the original on 9 August 2017
13900:from the original on 12 March 2011
13707:Rao Y, Li R, Zhang D (June 2013).
13688:from the original on 22 April 2020
13504:Miller LH, Su X (September 2011).
12951:from the original on 1 August 2020
12275:from the original on 3 August 2020
12228:from the original on 20 April 2009
11968:Chelonian Conservation and Biology
11897:from the original on 21 March 2016
11845:from the original on 20 March 2017
11408:from the original on 30 April 2014
11222:Vickers AJ, Linde K (March 2014).
10710:. University of California Press.
10581:
10314:三、津液的功能 ...(三)调节阴阳 ...(四)排泄废物 ..."
10289:. 2001–2010 by Sacred Lotus Arts.
10035:from the original on 20 March 2017
9899:from the original on 21 June 2010.
9601:from the original on 18 March 2019
9543:from the original on 26 April 2015
9233:from the original on 26 March 2022
8843:
8675:Cyranoski, David (November 2017).
8582:
8498:from the original on 16 April 2021
8359:. London and New York: Routledge.
8336:from the original on 20 March 2017
8094:(Research in the Natural Sciences)
7676:from the original on 15 April 2014
7102:Guizhentang Pharmaceutical company
6389:
5800:, which is a processed extract of
5125:
4546:yì bìng tóng zhì, tóng bìng yì zhì
4118:) (and, secondarily, Sānjiaō [
2970:Historiography of Chinese medicine
2453:
2059:
25:
18723:
18211:Violence against doctors in China
18135:General Administration of Customs
17353:
17197:Biology and Biological Technology
16342:from the original on 30 July 2012
15840:. WebMD China. 28 December 2016.
15003:from the original on 4 March 2018
12331:from the original on 14 June 2012
11640:Foster, S. & Yue, C. (1992):
11494:from the original on 3 March 2016
10907:, Reynolds Lois, Yang Dolly, and
10867:Bequeathed Writings of Master Chu
10252:from the original on 16 July 2011
9760:2nd edition. Contemporary Books.
9572:Blue Poppy Press, first edition.
8954:from the original on 6 March 2019
8890:from the original on 4 March 2019
8795:from the original on 20 June 2021
8455:from the original on 14 July 2019
8400:from the original on 14 July 2019
7894:from the original on 7 March 2014
7460:
6870:Accident Compensation Corporation
6851:Despite its status, some private
6740:Surat Izin Pengobatan Tradisional
5347:have also arisen over the use of
4870:
4524:
4520:
4406:Bequeathed Writings of Master Chu
4314:, lit. "the Twelve Vessels") and
3744:
2961:The establishment in 1870 of the
2809:
2671:Treatise on Cold Damage Disorders
2478:Acupuncture chart from Hua Shou (
1863:Chinese Folk Temples' Association
714:Chiropractic treatment techniques
18671:
18670:
18360:
16950:Xu, Juncai; Xia, Zhijie (2019).
16920:Fundamentals of Chinese medicine
16440:
16410:
16384:
16354:
16298:
16268:
16238:
16080:
16050:
15974:
15948:
15922:
15901:
15870:from the original on 6 June 2021
15856:
15818:from the original on 4 June 2020
15789:from the original on 4 June 2020
15760:from the original on 23 May 2010
15674:from the original on 2 July 2011
14824:"Moxibustion, Acupuncture Today"
14655:
14606:
14218:from the original on 7 July 2011
14196:
14174:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2002.00999.x
14026:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01252.x
13178:
12581:. News-Medical.Net. 8 May 2004.
12194:from the original on 16 May 2020
12110:from the original on 17 May 2008
11454:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03003.x
11322:Tierra & Tierra 1998, p. 108
11215:
10223:from the original on 7 July 2011
10162:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2005.01584.x
8781:Liangzi, Sun (2 December 2020).
8319:Pocket Atlas of Chinese Medicine
7880:Levinovitz A (22 October 2013).
7815:. Vol. 2. pp. 521–522.
7640:from the original on 2 June 2018
7545:"中醫的發明和國族認同有關係?文化大革命對「傳統中醫學」的影響"
7033:
7019:
7005:
6991:
6977:
6938:
6886:Nanyang Technological University
6518:
5749:
5601:
5309:
5238:
5146:
4988:Considerations of disease causes
2918:
2715:in English can be found online.
2560:
2262:
1844:Lineage associations or churches
1739:Chinese spiritual world concepts
1612:
1517:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
519:
50:
18630:History of alternative medicine
18515:Traditional Vietnamese medicine
18485:Sri Lankan traditional medicine
17360:Medicinal Plant Images Database
17176:Encyclopedia of Medical History
16691:Chinese Medicine in Covid Wards
15040:10.1001/archinternmed.2012.3654
14619:Letters in Applied Microbiology
13960:The Western Journal of Medicine
12781:Alternative Medicine and Ethics
12394:from the original on 1 May 2014
12216:Harding A (23 September 2006).
12039:from the original on 2 May 2013
11718:"Lu Feng Fang, Materia Metrica"
11668:Hesketh T, Zhu WX (July 1997).
11205:. Elsevier. 2nd edition, 2003.
10021:. Intellect Books. p. 36.
9868:The Journal of Biocommunication
9817:. Elsevier. 5th reprint, 2005.
9212:
9180:
9124:
8774:
8668:
8618:Cheung, Felix (December 2011).
8539:
8525:
8510:
8486:Bushak, Lecia (21 March 2016).
8479:
7804:
7732:
7718:
7688:
7575:
7255:
7204:Traditional Vietnamese medicine
6529:needs additional citations for
6171:. According to TCM it relieves
4937:in respect of the body fluids (
4588:
3924:Closely related to xuě are the
3182:
2791:of the Sui and Tang dynasties,
1939:Chinese communal deity religion
553:Alternative veterinary medicine
272:
258:
231:
217:
203:
18505:Traditional Mongolian medicine
18382:Brazilian traditional medicine
18120:Hong Kong Department of Health
17254:Shelton, Tamara Venit (2019).
17226:Palmer, James (13 June 2013),
15782:国务院关于成立国家中医管理局的通知(国发〔1986〕79号)
15457:. Springer. pp. 203–204.
14212:"Centipede, Acupuncture Today"
13480:10.1002/14651858.cd006791.pub2
13439:10.1002/14651858.cd004468.pub2
13390:10.1002/14651858.CD003937.pub2
13301:10.1002/14651858.CD005288.pub3
13203:10.1002/14651858.cd006165.pub3
13154:10.1002/14651858.CD008305.pub2
13084:10.1002/14651858.CD008836.pub2
13039:10.1002/14651858.CD004882.pub3
12927:10.1002/14651858.CD008642.pub2
12063:Weirum BK (11 November 2007).
11762:"Scorpion, Acupuncture Todady"
11372:Wright T, Eisenberg D (1995).
11224:"Acupuncture for chronic pain"
10819:Medical Anthropology Quarterly
10246:"Blood from a TCM Perspective"
9979:Elsevier. First edition 1984.
9959:Elsevier. First edition 1984.
8858:10.1080/02598272.2002.10800403
7537:
7524:Office for Science and Society
7512:
7475:Office for Science and Society
7345:Wiener klinische Wochenschrift
7306:
7301:
7297:
7288:
7283:
7279:
7270:
7265:
7261:
7199:Traditional Mongolian medicine
7077:Chinese classic herbal formula
6863:
6815:
6674:
6633:
6553:"Traditional Chinese medicine"
6503:
6499:
6458:
6419:
6367:: introspective and meditative
6336:
6332:
6188:
6183:
6179:
6076:. Contrary to popular belief,
5873:in its natural form, known as
5564:
5543:
5188:"Traditional Chinese medicine"
5174:add the appropriate references
5052:
5044:
5030:
5013:
5000:
4980:
4970:
4956:
4943:
4930:
4917:
4904:
4885:
4861:
4845:
4829:
4813:
4797:
4773:
4763:
4734:
4704:
4691:
4678:
4665:
4649:
4636:
4619:
4609:
4599:
4566:
4536:
4460:
4347:
4342:
4338:
4330:Gender in traditional medicine
4322:
4310:
4298:
4286:
4236:
4226:
4207:
4197:
4178:
4168:
4149:
4139:
4114:
4104:
4080:
4006:
4001:
3997:
3934:
3910:
3898:Typical symptoms of a lack of
3851:
3846:
3842:
3829:
3824:
3820:
3776:
3771:
3767:
3759:
3754:
3750:
3739:
3726:
3721:
3717:
3709:
3704:
3700:
3687:
3682:
3678:
3555:
2632:Recipes for Fifty-Two Ailments
2611:Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon (
2604:
1980:Main philosophical traditions:
1960:Chinese mother goddess worship
1176:Water fluoridation controversy
1132:Big Pharma conspiracy theories
483:
469:
409:
395:
179:
165:
151:
137:
99:
85:
13:
1:
18677:Category:Traditional medicine
17245:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.),
16686:(below). Also free online at
16494:California Acupuncture Board.
16448:"Origin and the Past History"
15970:– via Imprensa Oficial.
15668:"GuaSha Treatment of Disease"
15028:Archives of Internal Medicine
14999:. National Cancer Institute.
12640:Xu, L. & Wang, W. (2002)
11916:Larson, Rhishja (July 2010).
11804:10.1016/S0965-2299(03)00055-4
11376:. New York: Norton. pp.
11271:Marcus & Kuchera (2004).
10831:10.1525/maq.1991.5.4.02a00040
10064:Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience
9623:Men, J. & Guo, L. (2010)
8915:Business Research Methodology
8909:Dudovskiy J (24 March 2014).
7813:Encyclopedia of Asian History
7664:Novella S (25 January 2012).
7317:
6838:government of the Netherlands
6832:companies in the Netherlands.
6506:) is not common in the West.
6218:
6132:in samples of bat droppings.
5316:Handbook of Traditional Drugs
5119:
4898:in respect of the meridians (
4751:Eight principles of diagnosis
4571:
4439:
3519:inner/outer corner of the eye
2796:
1967:Northeast China folk religion
1547:Wilson's temperature syndrome
1532:Multiple chemical sensitivity
659:Biological terrain assessment
324:
18697:Traditional Chinese medicine
18510:Traditional Tibetan medicine
18495:Traditional Chinese medicine
18453:Iranian traditional medicine
18387:Chumash traditional medicine
18337:Traditional African medicine
18232:China–Cornell–Oxford Project
17913:Traditional Chinese medicine
17032:. Springer. pp. 19–57.
16969:10.1016/j.medidd.2019.100003
16790:The Journal of Asian Studies
16592:; New York, NY: Peter Lang.
16567:. Thieme Mecial Publishers.
16548:. Vancouver, BC: UBC Press.
14948:10.1213/ANE.0b013e31828f2d5e
14581:10.1371/journal.pone.0080991
14345:10.1371/journal.pone.0049676
14251:10.1016/0378-8741(88)90157-2
14239:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
14161:Journal of Internal Medicine
14004:Journal of Forensic Sciences
13808:10.1371/journal.pone.0074916
13341:10.1007/978-0-387-46401-5_14
12746:10.1371/journal.pone.0020185
11013:10.1016/0160-7987(78)90003-0
10853:Canon of the Pulse (Maijing)
10356:《中医基础理论》第四章 精、气、血、津液. 第四节 津液
10321:《中医基础理论》第四章 精、气、血、津液. 第四节 津液
10150:Journal of Internal Medicine
9751:"The Web That Has No Weaver"
7322:
7209:Traditional Tibetan medicine
7050:Compendium of Materia Medica
6875:
6725:
6641:
6373:: external energy and motion
5908:was first documented in the
5861:, an extract from the herb,
5849:acute promyelocytic leukemia
5813:Compendium of Materia Medica
5640:benign prostatic hyperplasia
4716:Typical examples of patterns
4579:typical examples of patterns
4426:
3745:Exogenous Pathogenic Factors
2909:
2884:) established a database of
2725:Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon
2532:Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon
2381:Compendium of Materia Medica
2316:alternative medical practice
2308:Traditional Chinese medicine
2070:Salvation churches and sects
1974:Traditional Chinese Medicine
41:Traditional Chinese medicine
7:
18500:Traditional Korean medicine
18216:Water supply and sanitation
17743:Contemporary related topics
17038:10.1007/978-1-4614-8541-4_2
16917:Wiseman N, Ellis A (1996).
16704:Lei, Sean Xianglin (2014).
15996:– via Macau Business.
15071:Jha A (10 September 2012).
13894:"Galena, Acupuncture Today"
13754:Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B
13713:Science China Life Sciences
12495:Tierra L, Tierra M (1998).
11866:, Encyclopædia Britannica,
11336:. Foreign Languages Press.
11166:Journal of Chinese Medicine
9219:Hunt, Katie (26 May 2019).
8950:(in Chinese). 13 May 1959.
8884:Tung Wah Group of Hospitals
8316:Ergil MC, Ergil KV (2009).
7224:Xingqi (circulating breath)
7214:Traditional Indian medicine
7194:Traditional Korean medicine
6970:
6806:
6792:Traditional Korean medicine
6489:, is a traditional Chinese
6225:Acupuncture § Efficacy
6136:Acupuncture and moxibustion
5592:
5269:), and dried curled snakes.
5265:, turtle shell underbelly (
5257:(lit. "spirit mushrooms"),
5159:reliable medical references
4950:in respect of the zàng-fǔ (
4585:the symptoms a person has.
4555:
4274:Meridian (Chinese medicine)
4264:Acupuncture chart from the
4255:
3900:
3885:
3879:
3811:TCM uses special terms for
3585:TCM "holds that the body's
3147:
3141:
3030:
2848:Chinese Medical Association
2513:The medical anthropologist
2153:Indonesian Confucian Church
2015:Folk ritual masters' orders
1208:Alternative medical systems
837:Fabunan Antiviral Injection
603:Fringe medicine and science
10:
18728:
18342:Traditional Hausa medicine
18244:China Family Panel Studies
18092:National Health Commission
17201:Cambridge University Press
17171:H-Sci-Med-Tech, July 2023.
17106:Classical Chinese Medicine
16956:Medicine in Drug Discovery
16852:Unschuld, Paul U. (1985).
16684:Classical Chinese Medicine
16582:Borowy, Iris, ed. (2009).
16501:
15421:10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.004
15278:W. W. Norton & Company
14091:10.2174/138920011798062328
13767:10.1016/j.apsb.2011.12.007
13600:10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0025
13522:10.1016/j.cell.2011.08.024
12823:Asian Journal of Andrology
12295:"2008 report from TRAFFIC"
12218:"Beijing's penis emporium"
11935:Davies E (13 March 2014).
11825:Wiseman N, Feng Y (1998).
11736:"Leech, Acupuncture Today"
11568:Wiseman N, Feng Y (2002).
11311:Wiseman & Ellis (1996)
10941:10.1142/9789813273580_0017
10893:Imagining Chinese Medicine
10475:六腑:膽、胃、小腸、大腸、膀胱、三焦;"傳化物質"。
10271:Wiseman & Ellis (1996)
9749:Kaptchuck, Ted J. (2000):
9734:Wiseman & Ellis (1996)
9424:10.1016/j.ijid.2014.04.003
9157:10.1038/d41586-019-01726-1
8732:Dyer, Owen (9 June 2020).
7414:(7150): 105–6. July 2007.
7357:10.1007/s00508-020-01625-w
6789:
6762:
6615:
6469:
6434:
6430:
6398:
6394:
6324:
6298:
6222:
6139:
5753:
5697:latent autoimmune diabetes
5525:Traditional categorization
5478:
5391:are currently part of the
5135:
5129:
4544:different. This is called
4271:
3985:
3659:
3570:
3186:
2466:(1518–1593 CE) during the
2444:illegal wildlife smuggling
2064:Zhenkong, "Void of Truth".
1932:Chinese ancestral religion
1837:Associations of good-doing
1718:Chinese gods and immortals
1218:Biologically based therapy
778:Dental amalgam controversy
299:Y học cổ truyền Trung Quốc
28:
18668:
18575:
18559:
18528:
18490:Traditional Thai medicine
18425:
18369:
18358:
18312:Ancient Egyptian medicine
18304:
18257:
18224:
18148:
18082:
17936:
17898:
17863:Patriotic Health Campaign
17823:
17768:
17742:
17695:
17650:
17609:
17600:
17558:
17530:
17469:
17423:
17055:Barnes, Linda L. (2005).
16923:. Paradigm Publications.
16563:Aung SK, Chen WP (2007).
16509:Andrews, Bridie (2013a).
15618:Columbia University Press
15463:10.1007/978-3-030-12601-8
15232:10.1007/s00586-010-1356-3
15185:10.1007/s11655-011-0665-7
13995:Byard RW (January 2010).
13726:10.1007/s11427-013-4487-z
12976:Frontiers in Pharmacology
12970:Leonti M, Casu L (2013).
12350:Radford B (9 July 2011).
12259:10.1007/978-3-319-42129-2
12029:"Diminishing ray of hope"
11887:"Poaching for rhino horn"
11574:. Paradigm Publications.
11525:10.1007/978-3-031-24723-1
10909:
10903:
10897:
10895:, edited by Lo Vivienne,
10887:
10881:
10548:
10474:
10387:
10348:
10313:
10198:
9918:30 September 2014 at the
8819:
8702:10.1038/nature.2017.23038
8546:Tan, Jamie Y. L. (2023).
8437:
8425:
8090:
8078:
7990:Lu GD, Needham J (2002).
7947:
7845:10.1080/01926230600773958
6895:
6650:
6481:
6465:
6453:
6414:
6318:
6307:
6286:
6229:Acupuncture § Safety
6124:. The Chinese virologist
5927:
5898:based on his research on
5887:(206 BCE – 220 CE) as an
5879:
5610:This section needs to be
5559:
5538:
5495:
5395:or national equivalents.
5277:Chinese red ginseng roots
5165:or relies too heavily on
5060:
5039:
5025:
5008:
4994:
4975:
4965:
4951:
4938:
4925:
4912:
4899:
4880:
4856:
4840:
4824:
4808:
4792:
4768:
4757:
4729:
4699:
4686:
4673:
4660:
4644:
4631:
4614:
4604:
4594:
4561:
4549:
4531:
4316:
4304:
4292:
4280:
4246:twelve standard meridians
4231:
4221:
4216:
4202:
4192:
4187:
4173:
4163:
4158:
4144:
4134:
4129:
4120:
4109:
4099:
4094:
4075:
3979:
3929:
3905:
3891:
3734:
3550:
3506:cheeks (below cheekbone)
3503:between eyes, middle part
3094:(sometimes translated as
3074:World Health Organization
3041:selective use of evidence
2989:
2976:
2927:This section needs to be
2825:medical institution, the
2761:
2744:
2664:
842:Facilitated communication
494:
476:
462:
457:
453:
446:
439:
432:
425:
420:
402:
388:
383:
379:
372:
365:
358:
351:
346:
317:
288:
283:
265:
248:
241:
224:
210:
196:
189:
172:
158:
144:
130:
123:
118:
114:
106:
92:
78:
73:
49:
45:
40:
18546:Medicine in ancient Rome
18043:Swine influenza outbreak
17843:Healthcare system reform
17678:San Jiao / Triple Warmer
17292:—— (1986a).
16902:. Boston;Leiden: Brill.
16696:15 December 2022 at the
16670:New York Review of Books
15866:. 央视国际. 24 August 2004.
15810:
15781:
15583:10.5014/ajot.2011.000661
15498:. North Atlantic Books.
14936:Anesthesia and Analgesia
14885:Elsevier Health Sciences
14826:. Acupuncturetoday.com.
14214:. Acupuncturetoday.com.
12989:10.3389/fphar.2013.00092
12647:15 December 2022 at the
12027:Chou CT (2 April 2013).
11686:10.1136/bmj.315.7100.115
11277:. North Atlantic Books.
11240:10.1001/jama.2013.285478
11149:. Churchill Livingstone.
10640:15 December 2022 at the
10555:
10481:
10394:
10355:
10320:
9859:Matuk, Camillia (2006).
9364:Shaw D (December 2010).
9142:(7759): 5. 5 June 2019.
8942:
8814:
8570:
8431:
8388:
8117:
8083:
7955:
7235:
6777:
6745:
6701:
6356:
6236:Anesthesia and Analgesia
5996:), mercury sulfide, and
5456:Chinese softshell turtle
4728:"Upflaming Liver fire" (
4477:is to produce children.
3917:
3785:
3766:Inter-transformationel (
3497:between eyes, lower part
3139:, acupuncture, massage (
3130:Philosophical background
2228:Vietnamese folk religion
1831:Institutions and temples
1507:Candida hypersensitivity
689:Fake COVID-19 treatments
503:This article is part of
295:
80:Traditional Chinese
17923:Pharmaceutical industry
17868:China Welfare Institute
17446:Chinese massage (Tuina)
17330:—— (2018).
17311:—— (2000).
17273:Unschuld, Paul (1986).
17153:, New York: Routledge,
16511:"The Republic of China"
16310:www.legislation.govt.nz
15894:11 January 2014 at the
14854:American Cancer Society
14690:10.1126/science.1118391
14155:Ernst E (August 2002).
14079:Current Drug Metabolism
13926:(3 ed.). Seattle:
12868:Clinical Otolaryngology
12534:10.1007/0-306-46867-0_7
12325:San Francisco Chronicle
12069:San Francisco Chronicle
11613:Chinese Medical Journal
11607:Chen, K; Yu, B (1999).
11434:Journal of Fish Biology
11201:Clavey, Steven (1995):
11110:"Sticking to the Point"
10584:Fu Qingzhu's gynecology
10549:(三)十二经脉 ...(四)奇经八脉 ..."
9561:Liu, Zheng-Cai (1999):
9537:Encyclopædia Britannica
9515:Asian Pacific Quarterly
9461:Encyclopædia Britannica
8589:Cheng, Wenting (2023).
8517:Elizabeth Sinn (2011).
7758:British Medical Journal
7274:, also known as "true"
7097:Chinese patent medicine
6198:American Cancer Society
6067:Astragalus membranaceus
4866:
4172:) and Large Intestine (
4108:) and Small Intestine (
3691:). In a general sense,
3304:Interactions of Wu Xing
2893:Chinese Communist Party
2840:Chinese Communist Party
2827:Kwong Wai Shiu Hospital
2538:Treatise on Cold Damage
1181:COVID-19 misinformation
1109:Young blood transfusion
989:Orthomolecular medicine
954:Mind–body interventions
624:Anthroposophic medicine
564:Rise of modern medicine
94:Simplified Chinese
18536:Ancient Greek medicine
18443:Georgian folk medicine
18038:Disease-related deaths
17998:lead poisoning scandal
17956:Cardiovascular disease
16898:Watt, John R. (2014).
16734:Science-Based Medicine
16040:19 August 2014 at the
15220:European Spine Journal
14465:, Xinrong Yang, p. 8,
14114:Phytochemical Analysis
11651:. Healing Arts Press.
10919:10.1163/j.ctvbqs6ph.12
10783:Furth C (March 1999).
10706:Furth C (March 1999).
10535:Aung & Chen (2007)
10523:Aung & Chen (2007)
10508:Aung & Chen (2007)
10287:"Body Fluids (Yin Ye)"
10194:Aung & Chen (2007)
10003:Aung & Chen (2007)
9782:Aung & Chen (2007)
9383:10.1055/s-0030-1250533
9119:Singh & Ernst 2008
9104:Singh & Ernst 2008
9089:Singh & Ernst 2008
8355:Goldschmidt A (2009).
7670:Science-based Medicine
6905:
6833:
6787:
6760:
6735:
6446:
6410:
6296:
6241:false positive results
6163:
6155:
5976:, secretions from the
5937:
5786:
5500:
5302:
5290:
5278:
5270:
4269:
3872:
3582:
3561:ancient Chinese empire
3305:
3179:
3066:science-based medicine
2870:
2491:
2471:
2065:
2042:Devotional traditions:
1213:Mind–body intervention
1164:MMR vaccine and autism
1154:Vaccine misinformation
1049:Rapid prompting method
17966:Enterovirus 71 (EV71)
17890:Organ transplantation
16682:Review of Liu Lihong
15540:10.5014/ajot.63.4.423
14513:Phytotherapy Research
14163:(Systematic Review).
13636:Phytotherapy Research
13260:10.1089/acm.2009.0599
12469:. 30 September 2016.
12448:13 April 2012 at the
12188:eia-international.org
11647:20 March 2017 at the
11115:20 March 2017 at the
11067:20 March 2017 at the
10381:by citation from the
10248:. Shen-Nong Limited.
9975:Ross, Jeremy (1984).
9756:20 March 2017 at the
9630:20 March 2017 at the
9593:, in Zalta EN (ed.),
9270:10.1089/acm.2011.0315
8823:. 1981. p. 164.
8533:"POWDER WITH ARSENIC"
8322:. Stuttgart: Thieme.
7832:Toxicologic Pathology
7092:Chinese Ophthalmology
6903:
6823:
6785:
6753:
6733:
6444:
6408:
6385:: tranquil or passive
6294:
6223:Further information:
6161:
6153:
6040:Polygonum multiflorum
6032:Reynoutria multiflora
5967:, has been reported.
5935:
5775:
5754:Further information:
5488:
5428:critically endangered
5398:Since TCM recognizes
5355:, seahorses, and the
5296:
5284:
5276:
5252:
4416:Yuzuan yizong jinjian
4263:
3653:
3580:
3573:TCM model of the body
3303:
3177:
3036:Historians of science
2984:rather than biology.
2864:
2713:Shennong Ben Cao Jing
2707:Shennong Ben Cao Jing
2519:traditional medicines
2477:
2461:
2146:Holy Confucian Church
2063:
1732:Chinese creation myth
1605:Chinese folk religion
1542:Vertebral subluxation
1491:Alternative diagnoses
1079:Thought Field Therapy
719:Vertebral subluxation
18702:Alternative medicine
18650:Prehistoric medicine
18588:Alternative medicine
18298:Traditional medicine
17838:Disease surveillance
17750:Alternative medicine
17522:Chen-style taijiquan
17441:Chinese medical doll
17104:Liu, Lihong (2019).
16833:Taylor, Kim (2005).
16621:Healing and Medicine
16216:"Acupunctuur (2020)"
15984:. 31 December 2021.
14471:2 March 2016 at the
13119:10.3736/jcim20110306
12835:10.1038/aja.2012.173
12528:. pp. 167–206.
11873:29 June 2011 at the
10586:. Blue Poppy Press.
10388:言人身臟腑中陰陽,則臟者為陰,腑者為陽。
10057:Williams WF (2013).
9955:Ross, Jeremy (1984)
9568:15 July 2022 at the
9497:26 June 2015 at the
9291:Qiu J (April 2007).
8815:香港與中國: 歷史文獻資料彙編, 第1集
8620:"TCM: Made in China"
8120:. In Loewe M (ed.).
7920:Unschuld PU (1985).
7082:Chinese food therapy
6618:Chinese food therapy
6538:improve this article
6510:Chinese food therapy
6061:Dictamnus dasycarpus
5824:, written in 340 by
5707:painful menstruation
5682:hypercholesterolemia
5430:species such as the
3494:above bridge of nose
2954:At the beginning of
2599:circulation channels
2347:Confucian philosophy
2320:traditional medicine
2249:Zhuang folk religion
1946:Chinese food therapy
1927:Major cultural forms
1512:Chronic Lyme disease
1241:Traditional medicine
1223:Manipulative methods
1024:Postural Integration
887:Bach flower remedies
763:Craniosacral therapy
591:Therapeutic nihilism
536:Alternative medicine
513:Alternative medicine
390:Revised Romanization
17315:. Munich: Prestel.
16728:(25 January 2012).
15375:10.1155/2013/581203
15280:. pp. 103–06.
14910:, pp. 237–238.
14681:2005Sci...310..676L
14572:2013PLoSO...880991Z
14431:10.1155/2012/254582
14336:2012PLoSO...749676G
14126:2011PChAn..22..189Y
13928:Eastland Press Inc.
13799:2013PLoSO...874916Y
12737:2011PLoSO...620185M
12687:10.1155/2013/812179
12526:Confucian Bioethics
12390:. 9 December 2013.
12327:. 20 January 2003.
12247:van Uhm DP (2016).
12152:2012Natur.484R.455S
11446:2011JFBio..78.1681V
11357:Maciocia G (2001).
11145:Maciocia G (1989).
11108:Flaws, Bob (1990):
10975:. Tōkyō: Heibonsha.
10563:on 10 November 2016
10196:, pp. 11–12. "
10107:Bioelectromagnetics
9463:. 22 October 2007.
9309:2007Natur.446..590Q
9193:Scientific American
9148:2019Natur.570Q...5.
8941:"Coverpage - MMIS"
8693:2017Natur.551..552C
8636:2011Natur.480S..82C
8088:Ziran Kexue Yanjiu
7632:(12 January 2011).
7572:, pp. 138–141.
7420:2007Natur.448S.105.
7149:Medicinal mushrooms
6379:: dynamic or active
6271:A 2011 overview of
6107:acute liver failure
6025:must be processed.
5992:, arsenic sulfide (
5467:traditional remedy
5404:asiatic black bears
4971:liù jīng biàn zhèng
4924:in respect of xuè (
4560:In TCM, "pattern" (
4399:Yin yang and gender
4230:) and Gallbladder (
3522:upper and lower lid
3273:Degree of humidity
3058:mechanism of action
2856:Cultural Revolution
2696:eastern Han dynasty
2486:). This image from
2406:bonesetter (die-da)
2363:Cultural Revolution
2332:mechanism of action
2269:Religion portal
2235:Qiang folk religion
1923:Internal traditions
1159:Vaccines and autism
1149:Anti-vaccinationism
1142:OPV AIDS hypothesis
944:Megavitamin therapy
857:Functional medicine
634:Applied kinesiology
530:General information
290:Vietnamese alphabet
18541:Byzantine medicine
18186:Population history
18176:Illegal drug trade
17873:Hospitals in China
17853:Health informatics
17174:McGrew, Roderick.
17165:Online Open Access
17089:10.1111/hic3.12616
16764:. London: Bantam.
16222:(in Dutch). 2020.
15730:on 14 October 2012
15494:Holland A (2000).
15136:(sep07 2): e6060.
14274:European Neurology
11980:10.2744/CCB-0747.1
11893:. 20 August 2010.
11313:, pp. 80, 142
10629:Furth, Charlotte.
9589:Raphals L (2017),
9064:10.1093/ije/dym119
8595:Palgrave Macmillan
8394:zhongyibaodian.com
7497:, pp. 97–120.
6906:
6890:Ministry of Health
6834:
6788:
6761:
6736:
6447:
6411:
6297:
6205:electroacupuncture
6164:
6156:
6112:The harvesting of
6073:Paeonia lactiflora
6022:Xanthium sibiricum
5986:), certain fungi,
5983:Mylabris phalerata
5938:
5922:cost-effectiveness
5916:Cost-effectiveness
5787:
5675:Sjögren's syndrome
5501:
5303:
5291:
5279:
5271:
5001:bìngyīn biàn zhèng
4981:sānjiaō biàn zhèng
4911:in respect of qi (
4905:jīngluò biàn zhèng
4593:The Six Excesses (
4497:Concept of disease
4434:Canon of the Pulse
4270:
3583:
3306:
3180:
3086:levels of evidence
3082:cost-effectiveness
2895:general secretary
2871:
2754:Canon of the Pulse
2741:Zhenjiu jiayi jing
2492:
2472:
2221:Miao folk religion
2138:Confucian churches
2095:Maitreya teachings
2066:
2009:Ritual traditions:
1527:Leaky gut syndrome
1502:Aerotoxic syndrome
1439:Prophetic medicine
1137:HIV/AIDS denialism
964:Myofascial release
872:Holistic dentistry
852:Feldenkrais Method
832:Estrogen dominance
758:Conversion therapy
110:"Chinese medicine"
18707:Pharmacy in China
18684:
18683:
18317:Tabernanthe iboga
18264:
18263:
18059:COVID-19 pandemic
17993:Iodine deficiency
17908:Medicine in China
17783:
17782:
17760:Medicine in China
17691:
17690:
17596:
17595:
17436:Chinese herbology
17210:978-0-521-63262-1
17192:Part VI: Medicine
17047:978-1-4614-8540-7
16930:978-0-912111-44-5
16590:Frankfurt am Maim
16574:978-1-58890-221-4
15958:(in Portuguese).
15956:"Lei n.º 11/2021"
15644:. 8 August 2016.
15505:978-1-55643-326-9
15472:978-3-030-12600-1
15322:10.1136/bmj.a3115
15287:978-0-393-06661-6
15142:10.1136/bmj.e6060
14894:978-0-7506-8843-7
14771:978-0-7216-5738-7
14675:(5748): 676–679.
14631:10.1111/lam.13285
14286:10.1159/000073056
13937:978-0-939616-4-28
13876:978-0-520-05231-4
13851:978-0-12-496736-6
13350:978-0-387-46400-8
12880:10.1111/coa.12198
12791:978-1-4757-2774-6
12657:978-1-901149-02-9
12543:978-0-7923-5723-0
12510:978-0-914955-32-0
12268:978-3-319-42128-5
12190:. 25 March 2020.
11924:on 11 April 2015.
11657:978-0-89281-349-0
11534:978-3-031-24722-4
11387:978-0-393-31213-3
11343:978-7-119-00378-8
11284:978-1-55643-540-9
11211:978-0-443-07194-2
11125:978-0-936185-17-0
11077:978-0-936185-70-5
10756:Heller T (2012).
10119:10.1002/bem.20403
10028:978-1-84150-124-6
9985:978-0-443-03482-4
9965:978-0-443-03482-4
9842:978-0-443-03980-5
9823:978-0-443-04582-0
9813:Deng, T. (1999):
9766:978-0-8092-2840-9
9640:978-1-4200-9173-1
9578:978-1-891845-08-6
8751:10.1136/bmj.m2285
8687:(7682): 552–553.
8630:(7378): S82–S83.
8604:978-3-031-24369-1
8366:978-0-415-42655-8
8329:978-3-13-141611-7
8183:978-0-89264-074-4
8139:978-1-55729-043-4
8035:978-0-7103-0582-4
8024:Harper D (1998).
8001:978-0-700-71458-2
7969:978-7-117-09270-8
7931:978-0-520-05023-5
7826:Leung AY (2006).
7702:. 28 March 2019.
7594:978-962-996-927-1
7509:, pp. 30–36.
7457:, pp. 10–17.
7404:"Hard to swallow"
7351:(9–10): 260–273.
7087:Chinese herbology
6798:oriental medicine
6614:
6613:
6606:
6588:
6079:Ganoderma lucidum
5924:evidence in TCM.
5691:when compared to
5631:
5630:
5448:freshwater turtle
5322:Animal substances
5247:
5246:
5223:
5132:Chinese herbology
4957:zàngfǔ biàn zhèng
4931:qì xuè biàn zhèng
4918:qì xuè biàn zhèng
3567:Model of the body
3536:
3535:
3283:
3282:
3218:Celestial bodies
3124:zoonotic diseases
3080:A 2012 review of
2963:Tung Wah Hospital
2952:
2951:
2834:People's Republic
2822:Tung Wah Hospital
2729:Canon of Problems
2410:exercise (qigong)
2305:
2304:
2242:Yao folk religion
2191:Related religions
2036:Chinese shamanism
2029:Nuo folk religion
2022:Jitong mediumship
1812:Jitong mediumship
1725:Chinese mythology
1585:
1584:
1312:Chinese herbology
1069:Scientific racism
1034:Psychodermatology
939:Medical intuitive
919:Lightning Process
877:Hologram bracelet
825:Therapeutic touch
726:Christian Science
699:Cancer treatments
498:
497:
490:
489:
416:
415:
404:McCune–Reischauer
279:
278:
198:Yale Romanization
125:Standard Mandarin
31:Medicine in China
16:(Redirected from
18719:
18674:
18673:
18402:Mapuche medicine
18364:
18291:
18284:
18277:
18268:
18267:
18023:Pneumonic plague
17961:Chronic diseases
17951:Blue-ear disease
17810:
17803:
17796:
17787:
17786:
17696:Noted physicians
17607:
17606:
17528:
17527:
17410:
17403:
17396:
17387:
17386:
17374:
17365:
17349:
17326:
17307:
17288:
17269:
17250:
17234:
17222:
17163:
17145:
17119:
17100:
17070:
17051:
17024:
17022:
17020:
16981:
16971:
16946:
16944:
16942:
16913:
16894:
16869:
16848:
16829:
16787:
16775:
16749:
16747:
16745:
16721:
16681:
16657:
16655:
16653:
16624:
16615:
16613:
16611:
16578:
16559:
16540:
16538:
16536:
16495:
16493:
16491:
16489:
16480:. Archived from
16474:
16468:
16467:
16465:
16463:
16452:www.nricm.edu.tw
16444:
16438:
16437:
16435:
16433:
16414:
16408:
16407:
16405:
16403:
16388:
16382:
16381:
16379:
16377:
16358:
16352:
16351:
16349:
16347:
16332:
16326:
16325:
16323:
16321:
16302:
16296:
16295:
16293:
16291:
16272:
16266:
16265:
16263:
16261:
16242:
16236:
16235:
16233:
16231:
16212:
16206:
16205:
16203:
16201:
16182:
16171:
16170:
16168:
16166:
16150:
16144:
16143:
16141:
16139:
16133:
16122:
16114:
16108:
16107:
16105:
16103:
16084:
16078:
16077:
16075:
16073:
16054:
16048:
16047:
16031:
16025:
16024:
16022:
16015:
16007:
15998:
15997:
15995:
15993:
15978:
15972:
15971:
15969:
15967:
15952:
15946:
15945:
15943:
15941:
15926:
15920:
15919:
15917:
15915:
15905:
15899:
15886:
15880:
15879:
15877:
15875:
15860:
15854:
15853:
15851:
15849:
15834:
15828:
15827:
15825:
15823:
15805:
15799:
15798:
15796:
15794:
15776:
15770:
15769:
15767:
15765:
15756:. 24 July 2014.
15754:S.O. 2006, c. 27
15746:
15740:
15739:
15737:
15735:
15720:
15714:
15713:
15711:
15709:
15690:
15684:
15683:
15681:
15679:
15664:
15658:
15657:
15655:
15653:
15638:
15632:
15631:
15615:
15612:Breathing Spaces
15605:
15596:
15595:
15585:
15567:
15558:
15552:
15551:
15525:
15516:
15510:
15509:
15491:
15485:
15484:
15447:
15441:
15440:
15404:
15398:
15397:
15387:
15377:
15353:
15344:
15343:
15333:
15301:
15295:
15294:
15260:
15254:
15253:
15243:
15211:
15205:
15204:
15168:
15162:
15161:
15125:
15123:
15121:
15101:
15095:
15094:
15092:
15090:
15068:
15062:
15061:
15051:
15019:
15013:
15012:
15010:
15008:
14992:
14983:
14982:
14980:
14978:
14972:
14933:
14917:
14911:
14905:
14899:
14898:
14876:
14870:
14869:
14867:
14865:
14856:. 8 March 2011.
14846:
14840:
14839:
14837:
14835:
14820:
14814:
14813:
14811:
14809:
14790:
14784:
14783:
14755:
14749:
14748:
14746:
14744:
14729:
14723:
14722:
14720:
14718:
14692:
14659:
14653:
14652:
14642:
14610:
14604:
14603:
14593:
14583:
14551:
14545:
14544:
14525:10.1002/ptr.4760
14508:
14502:
14501:
14481:
14475:
14460:
14454:
14453:
14443:
14433:
14409:
14403:
14402:
14400:
14398:
14374:
14368:
14367:
14357:
14347:
14315:
14306:
14305:
14269:
14263:
14262:
14234:
14228:
14227:
14225:
14223:
14208:
14202:
14201:
14200:
14194:
14176:
14152:
14146:
14145:
14134:10.1002/pca.1287
14109:
14103:
14102:
14074:
14061:
14060:
14058:
14056:
14050:
14019:
14001:
13992:
13986:
13985:
13975:
13951:
13942:
13941:
13916:
13910:
13909:
13907:
13905:
13890:
13881:
13880:
13862:
13856:
13855:
13837:
13831:
13830:
13820:
13810:
13778:
13772:
13771:
13769:
13745:
13739:
13738:
13728:
13704:
13698:
13697:
13695:
13693:
13674:
13668:
13667:
13648:10.1002/ptr.3133
13631:
13622:
13621:
13611:
13579:
13573:
13572:
13570:
13568:
13553:
13544:
13543:
13533:
13501:
13492:
13491:
13474:(10): CD006791.
13467:
13461:
13460:
13450:
13418:
13412:
13411:
13401:
13369:
13363:
13362:
13328:
13313:
13312:
13288:
13282:
13281:
13271:
13239:
13233:
13232:
13222:
13182:
13176:
13175:
13165:
13137:
13131:
13130:
13102:
13096:
13095:
13067:
13061:
13060:
13050:
13033:(10): CD004882.
13018:
13012:
13011:
13001:
12991:
12967:
12961:
12960:
12958:
12956:
12938:
12906:
12900:
12899:
12863:
12857:
12856:
12846:
12814:
12808:
12807:
12805:
12803:
12775:
12769:
12768:
12758:
12748:
12716:
12710:
12709:
12699:
12689:
12665:
12659:
12638:
12595:
12594:
12592:
12590:
12575:
12566:
12563:
12557:
12554:
12548:
12547:
12521:
12515:
12514:
12492:
12483:
12482:
12480:
12478:
12459:
12453:
12440:
12434:
12433:
12431:
12429:
12413:
12404:
12403:
12401:
12399:
12378:
12372:
12371:
12369:
12367:
12347:
12341:
12340:
12338:
12336:
12317:
12311:
12310:
12308:
12306:
12291:
12285:
12284:
12282:
12280:
12244:
12238:
12237:
12235:
12233:
12213:
12204:
12203:
12201:
12199:
12180:
12174:
12173:
12163:
12131:
12120:
12119:
12117:
12115:
12096:
12085:
12084:
12082:
12080:
12060:
12049:
12048:
12046:
12044:
12024:
12018:
12017:
12015:
12013:
11998:
11992:
11991:
11963:
11957:
11956:
11954:
11952:
11932:
11926:
11925:
11920:. Archived from
11913:
11907:
11906:
11904:
11902:
11883:
11877:
11861:
11855:
11854:
11852:
11850:
11822:
11816:
11815:
11787:
11778:
11777:
11775:
11773:
11758:
11752:
11751:
11749:
11747:
11732:
11726:
11725:
11724:on 14 June 2018.
11720:. Archived from
11714:
11708:
11707:
11697:
11665:
11659:
11638:
11629:
11628:
11604:
11598:
11597:
11595:
11593:
11565:
11559:
11558:
11556:
11554:
11510:
11504:
11503:
11501:
11499:
11480:
11474:
11473:
11429:
11418:
11417:
11415:
11413:
11398:
11392:
11391:
11369:
11363:
11362:
11354:
11348:
11347:
11332:Cheng X (1987).
11329:
11323:
11320:
11314:
11308:
11302:
11300:
11298:
11296:
11268:
11262:
11261:
11251:
11219:
11213:
11199:
11182:
11181:
11179:
11177:
11157:
11151:
11150:
11142:
11136:
11133:
11127:
11106:
11079:
11058:
11033:
11032:
10996:
10990:
10983:
10977:
10976:
10968:
10962:
10961:
10928:
10922:
10912:
10911:
10906:
10905:
10900:
10899:
10890:
10889:
10884:
10883:
10877:
10871:
10870:
10863:
10857:
10856:
10849:
10843:
10842:
10814:
10799:
10798:
10780:
10774:
10773:
10753:
10747:
10746:
10731:Wang LF (2002).
10728:
10722:
10721:
10703:
10692:
10691:
10668:Furth C (1999).
10665:
10644:
10627:
10606:
10605:
10579:
10573:
10572:
10570:
10568:
10551:
10550:
10544:
10538:
10532:
10526:
10520:
10511:
10510:, pp. 15–16
10505:
10499:
10498:
10496:
10494:
10477:
10476:
10470:
10464:
10463:
10461:
10459:
10454:on 14 March 2011
10450:. Archived from
10444:
10438:
10437:
10435:
10433:
10428:on 14 March 2011
10424:. Archived from
10418:
10412:
10411:
10409:
10407:
10390:
10389:
10379:
10373:
10372:
10370:
10368:
10351:
10350:
10344:
10338:
10337:
10335:
10333:
10316:
10315:
10309:
10303:
10302:
10300:
10298:
10283:
10274:
10268:
10262:
10261:
10259:
10257:
10242:
10233:
10232:
10230:
10228:
10212:
10203:
10201:
10200:
10191:
10182:
10181:
10145:
10139:
10138:
10101:
10095:
10094:
10092:
10090:
10071:. pp. 3–4.
10054:
10048:
10047:
10042:
10040:
10012:
10006:
10000:
9989:
9973:
9967:
9953:
9922:
9907:
9901:
9900:
9898:
9883:
9865:
9856:
9845:
9834:
9825:
9811:
9784:
9779:
9768:
9747:
9736:
9731:
9642:
9621:
9610:
9609:
9608:
9606:
9586:
9580:
9559:
9553:
9552:
9550:
9548:
9529:
9523:
9522:
9507:
9501:
9488:
9477:
9476:
9474:
9472:
9453:
9447:
9446:
9436:
9426:
9402:
9396:
9395:
9385:
9361:
9334:
9333:
9320:
9288:
9282:
9281:
9252:
9243:
9242:
9240:
9238:
9216:
9210:
9209:
9207:
9205:
9196:. Archived from
9184:
9178:
9177:
9159:
9128:
9122:
9116:
9107:
9101:
9092:
9086:
9077:
9076:
9066:
9048:
9039:
9030:
9024:
9018:
9012:
9006:
9000:
8994:
8993:
8988:Furth C (1999).
8985:
8964:
8963:
8961:
8959:
8937:
8931:
8930:
8928:
8926:
8906:
8900:
8899:
8897:
8895:
8876:
8870:
8869:
8841:
8835:
8834:
8822:
8821:
8811:
8805:
8804:
8802:
8800:
8778:
8772:
8771:
8753:
8729:
8723:
8722:
8704:
8672:
8666:
8665:
8647:
8615:
8609:
8608:
8586:
8580:
8579:
8565:
8554:
8553:
8543:
8537:
8536:
8529:
8523:
8522:
8514:
8508:
8507:
8505:
8503:
8483:
8477:
8471:
8465:
8464:
8462:
8460:
8440:
8439:
8428:
8427:
8421:
8410:
8409:
8407:
8405:
8384:
8371:
8370:
8352:
8346:
8345:
8343:
8341:
8313:
8188:
8187:
8172:Sivin N (1987).
8169:
8156:
8150:
8144:
8143:
8127:
8113:
8102:
8101:
8093:
8092:
8081:
8080:
8073:
8067:
8066:
8046:
8040:
8039:
8021:
8006:
8005:
7987:
7974:
7973:
7956:甲骨文医学资料: 释文考辨与研究
7950:
7949:
7942:
7936:
7935:
7917:
7904:
7903:
7901:
7899:
7877:
7866:
7865:
7847:
7823:
7817:
7816:
7808:
7802:
7796:
7790:
7784:
7778:
7772:
7766:
7765:
7753:
7744:
7743:
7736:
7730:
7729:
7722:
7716:
7715:
7713:
7711:
7692:
7686:
7685:
7683:
7681:
7661:
7650:
7649:
7647:
7645:
7626:
7611:
7610:
7608:
7606:
7579:
7573:
7567:
7561:
7560:
7558:
7556:
7541:
7535:
7534:
7532:
7530:
7516:
7510:
7504:
7498:
7492:
7486:
7485:
7483:
7481:
7467:
7458:
7452:
7446:
7445:
7431:
7400:
7379:
7378:
7368:
7336:
7311:
7308:
7303:
7299:
7292:) or "original"
7290:
7285:
7281:
7272:
7267:
7263:
7259:
7253:
7249:
7072:Capsicum plaster
7043:
7038:
7037:
7036:
7029:
7027:Singapore portal
7024:
7023:
7022:
7015:
7013:Hong Kong portal
7010:
7009:
7008:
7001:
6996:
6995:
6994:
6987:
6982:
6981:
6980:
6853:health insurance
6846:food supplements
6830:health insurance
6708:Portuguese Macau
6659:China (mainland)
6609:
6602:
6598:
6595:
6589:
6587:
6546:
6522:
6514:
6505:
6501:
6484:
6483:
6460:
6455:
6421:
6416:
6338:
6334:
6310:
6309:
6273:Cochrane reviews
6190:
6185:
6181:
6116:from bat caves (
6000:. Asbestos ore (
5882:
5881:
5864:Huperzia serrata
5845:arsenic trioxide
5756:Arsenic trioxide
5722:immunomodulatory
5626:
5623:
5617:
5605:
5604:
5597:
5566:
5561:
5545:
5540:
5498:
5497:
5475:Human body parts
5464:overexploitation
5242:
5241:
5233:
5230:
5224:
5222:
5181:
5150:
5149:
5142:
5120:disease patterns
5105:tongue diagnosis
5098:Tongue and pulse
5063:
5062:
5046:
5041:
5032:
5027:
5015:
5010:
5002:
4997:
4996:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4958:
4953:
4945:
4944:jīnyè biàn zhèng
4940:
4932:
4927:
4919:
4914:
4906:
4901:
4887:
4882:
4863:
4858:
4847:
4842:
4831:
4826:
4815:
4810:
4799:
4794:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4759:
4736:
4735:gānhuǒ shàng yán
4731:
4706:
4701:
4693:
4688:
4680:
4675:
4667:
4662:
4651:
4646:
4638:
4633:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4568:
4563:
4551:
4538:
4533:
4514:Disease entities
4375:) or household (
4361:Fu Qingzhu Nu Ke
4349:
4344:
4340:
4324:
4319:
4318:
4312:
4307:
4306:
4300:
4295:
4294:
4288:
4283:
4282:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4219:
4218:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4190:
4189:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4161:
4160:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4132:
4131:
4123:
4122:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4097:
4096:
4082:
4077:
4008:
4003:
3999:
3936:
3931:
3912:
3907:
3903:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3882:
3853:
3848:
3844:
3831:
3826:
3822:
3778:
3773:
3769:
3761:
3756:
3752:
3741:
3736:
3728:
3723:
3719:
3711:
3706:
3702:
3689:
3684:
3680:
3611:thus constitute
3557:
3552:
3308:
3307:
3204:
3203:
3150:
3144:
2992:
2991:
2979:
2978:
2947:
2944:
2938:
2922:
2921:
2914:
2801:
2798:
2764:
2763:
2747:
2746:
2719:Post-Han dynasty
2667:
2666:
2650:was collated by
2573:inscriptions on
2446:, linked to the
2402:massage (tui na)
2324:pseudoscientific
2297:
2290:
2283:
2267:
2266:
2167:Phoenix churches
2107:Tianxian miaodao
2102:Tiandi teachings
1953:Chinese geomancy
1856:Ancestral shrine
1819:Precious scrolls
1711:Chinese theology
1616:
1606:
1598:
1595:
1587:
1586:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1327:Gill plate trade
1089:Vaginal steaming
736:Colloidal silver
704:Charcoal cleanse
523:
500:
499:
486:
485:
472:
471:
455:
454:
449:
448:
435:
434:
412:
411:
398:
397:
381:
380:
375:
374:
361:
360:
275:
274:
261:
260:
237:
236:
235:
220:
219:
206:
205:
185:
184:
183:
168:
167:
154:
153:
140:
139:
116:
115:
102:
101:
88:
87:
54:
38:
37:
21:
18:Chinese medicine
18727:
18726:
18722:
18721:
18720:
18718:
18717:
18716:
18687:
18686:
18685:
18680:
18664:
18623:herbs and fungi
18618:Herbal medicine
18571:
18555:
18524:
18480:Siddha medicine
18421:
18412:Navajo medicine
18365:
18356:
18352:Yorùbá medicine
18300:
18295:
18265:
18260:
18253:
18237:The China Study
18220:
18144:
18078:
18071:Omicron variant
17946:Avian influenza
17932:
17894:
17885:Medical schools
17858:Barefoot doctor
17819:
17817:Health in China
17814:
17784:
17779:
17764:
17755:Energy medicine
17738:
17733:Zhang Zhongjing
17687:
17683:Urinary Bladder
17668:Small Intestine
17663:Large Intestine
17646:
17592:
17554:
17532:Three Treasures
17526:
17465:
17419:
17414:
17372:
17363:
17356:
17346:
17323:
17304:
17285:
17266:
17241:(Winter 2020),
17211:
17161:
17142:
17124:Lloyd, G. E. R.
17116:
17077:History Compass
17067:
17048:
17018:
17016:
17014:
16992:
16989:
16987:Further reading
16984:
16940:
16938:
16931:
16910:
16866:
16845:
16802:10.2307/2056359
16772:
16743:
16741:
16718:
16698:Wayback Machine
16651:
16649:
16642:
16609:
16607:
16600:
16575:
16556:
16534:
16532:
16525:
16504:
16499:
16498:
16487:
16485:
16476:
16475:
16471:
16461:
16459:
16446:
16445:
16441:
16431:
16429:
16416:
16415:
16411:
16401:
16399:
16390:
16389:
16385:
16375:
16373:
16360:
16359:
16355:
16345:
16343:
16334:
16333:
16329:
16319:
16317:
16304:
16303:
16299:
16289:
16287:
16274:
16273:
16269:
16259:
16257:
16244:
16243:
16239:
16229:
16227:
16214:
16213:
16209:
16199:
16197:
16184:
16183:
16174:
16164:
16162:
16151:
16147:
16137:
16135:
16131:
16120:
16116:
16115:
16111:
16101:
16099:
16086:
16085:
16081:
16071:
16069:
16064:(in Japanese).
16056:
16055:
16051:
16046:(in Indonesian)
16045:
16042:Wayback Machine
16032:
16028:
16020:
16013:
16009:
16008:
16001:
15991:
15989:
15980:
15979:
15975:
15965:
15963:
15954:
15953:
15949:
15939:
15937:
15928:
15927:
15923:
15913:
15911:
15907:
15906:
15902:
15896:Wayback Machine
15887:
15883:
15873:
15871:
15862:
15861:
15857:
15847:
15845:
15836:
15835:
15831:
15821:
15819:
15812:
15806:
15802:
15792:
15790:
15783:
15777:
15773:
15763:
15761:
15748:
15747:
15743:
15733:
15731:
15722:
15721:
15717:
15707:
15705:
15692:
15691:
15687:
15677:
15675:
15670:. Tcmwell.com.
15666:
15665:
15661:
15651:
15649:
15640:
15639:
15635:
15628:
15608:Chen N (2003).
15606:
15599:
15565:
15559:
15555:
15523:
15517:
15513:
15506:
15492:
15488:
15473:
15448:
15444:
15405:
15401:
15354:
15347:
15302:
15298:
15288:
15261:
15257:
15212:
15208:
15169:
15165:
15119:
15117:
15102:
15098:
15088:
15086:
15069:
15065:
15034:(19): 1444–53.
15020:
15016:
15006:
15004:
14993:
14986:
14976:
14974:
14970:
14931:
14918:
14914:
14908:Andrews (2013a)
14906:
14902:
14895:
14877:
14873:
14863:
14861:
14848:
14847:
14843:
14833:
14831:
14822:
14821:
14817:
14807:
14805:
14792:
14791:
14787:
14772:
14756:
14752:
14742:
14740:
14731:
14730:
14726:
14716:
14714:
14660:
14656:
14611:
14607:
14552:
14548:
14509:
14505:
14482:
14478:
14473:Wayback Machine
14461:
14457:
14410:
14406:
14396:
14394:
14375:
14371:
14316:
14309:
14270:
14266:
14245:(2–3): 247–85.
14235:
14231:
14221:
14219:
14210:
14209:
14205:
14195:
14153:
14149:
14110:
14106:
14075:
14064:
14054:
14052:
14048:
14017:10.1.1.627.5612
13999:
13993:
13989:
13952:
13945:
13938:
13917:
13913:
13903:
13901:
13892:
13891:
13884:
13877:
13863:
13859:
13852:
13838:
13834:
13779:
13775:
13746:
13742:
13705:
13701:
13691:
13689:
13676:
13675:
13671:
13632:
13625:
13580:
13576:
13566:
13564:
13555:
13554:
13547:
13502:
13495:
13468:
13464:
13433:(5): CD004468.
13419:
13415:
13384:(3): CD003937.
13370:
13366:
13351:
13329:
13316:
13295:(2): CD005288.
13289:
13285:
13240:
13236:
13197:(9): CD006165.
13183:
13179:
13148:(7): CD008305.
13138:
13134:
13103:
13099:
13078:(5): CD008836.
13068:
13064:
13019:
13015:
12968:
12964:
12954:
12952:
12921:(9): CD008642.
12907:
12903:
12864:
12860:
12815:
12811:
12801:
12799:
12792:
12776:
12772:
12717:
12713:
12666:
12662:
12649:Wayback Machine
12639:
12598:
12588:
12586:
12577:
12576:
12569:
12564:
12560:
12555:
12551:
12544:
12522:
12518:
12511:
12493:
12486:
12476:
12474:
12467:The Independent
12461:
12460:
12456:
12450:Wayback Machine
12441:
12437:
12427:
12425:
12416:Dharmananda S.
12414:
12407:
12397:
12395:
12380:
12379:
12375:
12365:
12363:
12356:livescience.com
12348:
12344:
12334:
12332:
12319:
12318:
12314:
12304:
12302:
12293:
12292:
12288:
12278:
12276:
12269:
12245:
12241:
12231:
12229:
12214:
12207:
12197:
12195:
12182:
12181:
12177:
12161:10.1038/484455c
12132:
12123:
12113:
12111:
12098:
12097:
12088:
12078:
12076:
12061:
12052:
12042:
12040:
12025:
12021:
12011:
12009:
12000:
11999:
11995:
11964:
11960:
11950:
11948:
11933:
11929:
11914:
11910:
11900:
11898:
11885:
11884:
11880:
11875:Wayback Machine
11862:
11858:
11848:
11846:
11839:
11823:
11819:
11788:
11781:
11771:
11769:
11760:
11759:
11755:
11745:
11743:
11734:
11733:
11729:
11716:
11715:
11711:
11680:(7100): 115–7.
11666:
11662:
11649:Wayback Machine
11639:
11632:
11619:(10): 934–937.
11605:
11601:
11591:
11589:
11582:
11566:
11562:
11552:
11550:
11535:
11513:Lu, D. (2023).
11511:
11507:
11497:
11495:
11482:
11481:
11477:
11440:(6): 1681–724.
11430:
11421:
11411:
11409:
11400:
11399:
11395:
11388:
11370:
11366:
11355:
11351:
11344:
11330:
11326:
11321:
11317:
11309:
11305:
11294:
11292:
11285:
11269:
11265:
11220:
11216:
11200:
11185:
11175:
11173:
11158:
11154:
11143:
11139:
11134:
11130:
11117:Wayback Machine
11107:
11082:
11069:Wayback Machine
11059:
11036:
10997:
10993:
10985:Cheng Maoxian.
10984:
10980:
10969:
10965:
10951:
10930:
10929:
10925:
10879:Wu, Yi-Li, and
10878:
10874:
10865:
10864:
10860:
10851:
10850:
10846:
10815:
10802:
10795:
10781:
10777:
10770:
10754:
10750:
10743:
10729:
10725:
10718:
10704:
10695:
10680:
10666:
10647:
10642:Wayback Machine
10628:
10609:
10594:
10580:
10576:
10566:
10564:
10557:
10553:
10545:
10541:
10533:
10529:
10521:
10514:
10506:
10502:
10492:
10490:
10489:on 14 July 2011
10483:
10479:
10471:
10467:
10457:
10455:
10446:
10445:
10441:
10431:
10429:
10420:
10419:
10415:
10405:
10403:
10402:on 18 July 2011
10396:
10392:
10383:Huangdi Neijing
10380:
10376:
10366:
10364:
10357:
10353:
10352:" As seen at:
10345:
10341:
10331:
10329:
10322:
10318:
10310:
10306:
10296:
10294:
10285:
10284:
10277:
10269:
10265:
10255:
10253:
10244:
10243:
10236:
10226:
10224:
10213:
10206:
10192:
10185:
10146:
10142:
10102:
10098:
10088:
10086:
10079:
10055:
10051:
10038:
10036:
10029:
10013:
10009:
10001:
9992:
9974:
9970:
9954:
9925:
9920:Wayback Machine
9908:
9904:
9896:
9881:10.1.1.592.1410
9863:
9857:
9848:
9835:
9828:
9812:
9787:
9780:
9771:
9758:Wayback Machine
9748:
9739:
9732:
9645:
9634:Science Press.
9632:Wayback Machine
9622:
9613:
9604:
9602:
9587:
9583:
9570:Wayback Machine
9560:
9556:
9546:
9544:
9531:
9530:
9526:
9508:
9504:
9499:Wayback Machine
9489:
9480:
9470:
9468:
9455:
9454:
9450:
9403:
9399:
9362:
9337:
9318:10.1038/446590a
9303:(7136): 590–1.
9289:
9285:
9264:(12): 1108–20.
9253:
9246:
9236:
9234:
9217:
9213:
9203:
9201:
9200:on 6 April 2020
9186:
9185:
9181:
9130:
9129:
9125:
9117:
9110:
9102:
9095:
9087:
9080:
9046:
9040:
9033:
9027:Unschuld (1988)
9025:
9021:
9015:Unschuld (2018)
9013:
9009:
9001:
8997:
8986:
8967:
8957:
8955:
8944:
8939:
8938:
8934:
8924:
8922:
8907:
8903:
8893:
8891:
8878:
8877:
8873:
8842:
8838:
8831:
8816:
8813:
8812:
8808:
8798:
8796:
8779:
8775:
8730:
8726:
8673:
8669:
8645:10.1038/480S82a
8616:
8612:
8605:
8597:. p. 214.
8587:
8583:
8572:
8567:
8566:
8557:
8544:
8540:
8531:
8530:
8526:
8515:
8511:
8501:
8499:
8484:
8480:
8472:
8468:
8458:
8456:
8449:
8433:
8429:(August 2007).
8422:
8413:
8403:
8401:
8390:
8389:《难经》在线阅读_【中医宝典】
8386:
8385:
8374:
8367:
8353:
8349:
8339:
8337:
8330:
8314:
8191:
8184:
8170:
8159:
8151:
8147:
8140:
8119:
8114:
8105:
8085:
8074:
8070:
8047:
8043:
8036:
8022:
8009:
8002:
7988:
7977:
7970:
7957:
7951:, eds. (2008).
7943:
7939:
7932:
7918:
7907:
7897:
7895:
7878:
7869:
7824:
7820:
7810:
7809:
7805:
7801:, p. 3859.
7799:Hinrichs (2005)
7797:
7793:
7785:
7781:
7773:
7769:
7754:
7747:
7738:
7737:
7733:
7724:
7723:
7719:
7709:
7707:
7694:
7693:
7689:
7679:
7677:
7662:
7653:
7643:
7641:
7627:
7614:
7604:
7602:
7595:
7581:
7580:
7576:
7568:
7564:
7554:
7552:
7543:
7542:
7538:
7528:
7526:
7518:
7517:
7513:
7505:
7501:
7493:
7489:
7479:
7477:
7469:
7468:
7461:
7455:Andrews (2013b)
7453:
7449:
7429:10.1038/448106a
7402:
7401:
7382:
7337:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7314:
7260:
7256:
7250:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7055:Huangdi Neijing
7039:
7034:
7032:
7025:
7020:
7018:
7011:
7006:
7004:
6997:
6992:
6990:
6983:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6941:
6898:
6878:
6866:
6818:
6809:
6794:
6780:
6771:
6763:Main articles:
6748:
6728:
6704:
6677:
6661:
6653:
6644:
6636:
6620:
6610:
6599:
6593:
6590:
6547:
6545:
6535:
6523:
6512:
6474:
6468:
6439:
6433:
6403:
6401:Cupping therapy
6397:
6392:
6390:Other therapies
6359:
6329:
6323:
6303:
6289:
6281:adverse effects
6231:
6221:
6148:
6140:Main articles:
6138:
6089:Artemisia annua
5953:corticosteroids
5930:
5918:
5896:Nagai Nagayoshi
5893:organic chemist
5808:Artemisia annua
5803:Artemisia annua
5778:Artemisia annua
5770:
5752:
5650:Cochrane review
5627:
5621:
5618:
5615:
5606:
5602:
5595:
5527:
5483:
5477:
5377:saiga antelopes
5351:scales, turtle
5344:rhinoceros horn
5324:
5312:
5243:
5239:
5234:
5228:
5225:
5182:
5171:
5167:primary sources
5151:
5147:
5140:
5134:
5128:
5126:Herbal medicine
5100:
5055:
4990:
4753:
4718:
4591:
4558:
4516:
4499:
4463:
4442:
4429:
4401:
4332:
4278:The meridians (
4276:
4258:
4201:) and Bladder (
4143:) and Stomach (
4052:Urinary Bladder
4044:Large Intestine
4040:Small Intestine
3990:
3984:
3922:
3875:
3664:
3658:
3643:Stephen Barrett
3575:
3569:
3450:Large intestine
3440:Small intestine
3199:yin–yang theory
3191:
3185:
3137:herbal medicine
3132:
3033:
3001:Huangdi neijing
2972:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2923:
2919:
2912:
2875:barefoot doctor
2842:(CCP) chairman
2836:
2817:
2812:
2799:
2721:
2652:Zhang Zhongjing
2613:Huangdi Neijing
2607:
2563:
2456:
2454:Ancient history
2394:cupping therapy
2386:herbal medicine
2375:Huangdi Neijing
2351:herbal remedies
2301:
2261:
2254:
2253:
2192:
2184:
2183:
2055:Wang Ye worship
1924:
1916:
1915:
1876:
1868:
1867:
1832:
1824:
1823:
1776:
1768:
1767:
1745:Model humanity:
1706:
1698:
1697:
1624:
1604:
1593:
1590:
1581:
1552:
1551:
1497:Adrenal fatigue
1492:
1484:
1483:
1258:Southern Africa
1243:
1233:
1232:
1203:
1201:Classifications
1193:
1192:
1169:in chiropractic
1127:
1119:
1118:
1039:Quantum healing
1029:Psychic surgery
904:Ionized jewelry
867:Herbal medicine
815:Esoteric energy
805:Energy medicine
773:Cupping therapy
768:Crystal healing
741:Colon cleansing
679:Bowen technique
649:Auriculotherapy
604:
596:
595:
531:
464:Revised Hepburn
342:
341:
340:
313:
312:
311:
284:Vietnamese name
107:Literal meaning
69:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
18725:
18715:
18714:
18709:
18704:
18699:
18682:
18681:
18669:
18666:
18665:
18663:
18662:
18657:
18652:
18647:
18642:
18637:
18632:
18627:
18626:
18625:
18615:
18610:
18605:
18600:
18595:
18590:
18585:
18579:
18577:
18573:
18572:
18570:
18569:
18563:
18561:
18557:
18556:
18554:
18553:
18548:
18543:
18538:
18532:
18530:
18526:
18525:
18523:
18522:
18520:Unani medicine
18517:
18512:
18507:
18502:
18497:
18492:
18487:
18482:
18477:
18472:
18467:
18462:
18461:
18460:
18450:
18445:
18440:
18435:
18429:
18427:
18423:
18422:
18420:
18419:
18414:
18409:
18404:
18399:
18394:
18389:
18384:
18379:
18377:Aztec medicine
18373:
18371:
18367:
18366:
18359:
18357:
18355:
18354:
18349:
18344:
18339:
18334:
18329:
18324:
18319:
18314:
18308:
18306:
18302:
18301:
18294:
18293:
18286:
18279:
18271:
18262:
18261:
18258:
18255:
18254:
18252:
18251:
18246:
18241:
18228:
18226:
18222:
18221:
18219:
18218:
18213:
18208:
18203:
18198:
18193:
18188:
18183:
18178:
18173:
18168:
18163:
18158:
18152:
18150:
18146:
18145:
18143:
18142:
18137:
18132:
18124:
18116:
18111:
18110:
18109:
18104:
18099:
18088:
18086:
18080:
18079:
18077:
18076:
18075:
18074:
18068:
18062:
18051:
18045:
18040:
18035:
18030:
18025:
18020:
18015:
18010:
18005:
18000:
17995:
17990:
17989:
17988:
17986:Plasma Economy
17978:
17973:
17968:
17963:
17958:
17953:
17948:
17942:
17940:
17934:
17933:
17931:
17930:
17925:
17920:
17915:
17910:
17904:
17902:
17896:
17895:
17893:
17892:
17887:
17882:
17881:
17880:
17878:Classification
17870:
17865:
17860:
17855:
17850:
17848:Women's health
17845:
17840:
17835:
17829:
17827:
17821:
17820:
17813:
17812:
17805:
17798:
17790:
17781:
17780:
17778:
17777:
17769:
17766:
17765:
17763:
17762:
17757:
17752:
17746:
17744:
17740:
17739:
17737:
17736:
17730:
17729:(c. 1140–1220)
17724:
17718:
17712:
17706:
17699:
17697:
17693:
17692:
17689:
17688:
17686:
17685:
17680:
17675:
17670:
17665:
17660:
17654:
17652:
17648:
17647:
17645:
17644:
17639:
17634:
17629:
17624:
17619:
17613:
17611:
17604:
17598:
17597:
17594:
17593:
17591:
17590:
17585:
17580:
17575:
17570:
17564:
17562:
17556:
17555:
17553:
17552:
17547:
17542:
17536:
17534:
17525:
17524:
17519:
17514:
17509:
17504:
17499:
17494:
17489:
17484:
17479:
17473:
17471:
17467:
17466:
17464:
17463:
17458:
17453:
17448:
17443:
17438:
17433:
17427:
17425:
17421:
17420:
17413:
17412:
17405:
17398:
17390:
17384:
17383:
17375:
17366:
17355:
17354:External links
17352:
17351:
17350:
17344:
17327:
17321:
17308:
17302:
17289:
17283:
17270:
17264:
17251:
17235:
17228:"Do Some Harm"
17223:
17209:
17179:
17172:
17159:
17146:
17140:
17120:
17114:
17101:
17072:
17065:
17052:
17046:
17025:
17012:
16988:
16985:
16983:
16982:
16947:
16929:
16914:
16908:
16895:
16885:(4): 647–649.
16870:
16864:
16849:
16843:
16830:
16776:
16771:978-0593061299
16770:
16750:
16722:
16716:
16701:
16658:
16640:
16625:
16616:
16598:
16579:
16573:
16560:
16555:978-0774824323
16554:
16541:
16523:
16505:
16503:
16500:
16497:
16496:
16484:on 22 May 2012
16469:
16439:
16422:law.moj.gov.tw
16409:
16383:
16353:
16327:
16297:
16276:"NZASA - Home"
16267:
16250:Acupuncture NZ
16237:
16207:
16172:
16145:
16134:on 14 May 2019
16109:
16079:
16062:www.mhlw.go.jp
16049:
16026:
15999:
15973:
15947:
15936:on 6 June 2021
15921:
15900:
15881:
15855:
15829:
15800:
15771:
15741:
15715:
15685:
15659:
15633:
15626:
15597:
15553:
15511:
15504:
15486:
15471:
15442:
15415:(4): 755–764.
15399:
15345:
15296:
15286:
15255:
15226:(8): 1213–28.
15206:
15163:
15096:
15063:
15014:
14984:
14912:
14900:
14893:
14871:
14841:
14815:
14785:
14770:
14750:
14724:
14654:
14625:(5): 342–348.
14605:
14566:(11): e80991.
14546:
14503:
14492:(2): e275-85.
14476:
14455:
14404:
14369:
14330:(11): e49676.
14307:
14264:
14229:
14203:
14147:
14104:
14085:(10): 989–96.
14062:
13987:
13943:
13936:
13930:p. 1042.
13911:
13882:
13875:
13857:
13850:
13832:
13773:
13740:
13719:(6): 495–502.
13699:
13682:NobelPrize.org
13669:
13623:
13594:(2): 231–241.
13574:
13545:
13493:
13462:
13413:
13364:
13349:
13314:
13283:
13254:(4): 397–409.
13234:
13177:
13132:
13097:
13062:
13013:
12962:
12901:
12858:
12809:
12790:
12770:
12711:
12660:
12596:
12567:
12558:
12549:
12542:
12516:
12509:
12484:
12454:
12435:
12405:
12373:
12342:
12312:
12286:
12267:
12239:
12205:
12175:
12121:
12086:
12050:
12035:. Al Jazeera.
12019:
11993:
11958:
11927:
11908:
11891:Save The Rhino
11878:
11856:
11838:978-0912111544
11837:
11817:
11779:
11753:
11727:
11709:
11660:
11630:
11599:
11581:978-0912111643
11580:
11560:
11533:
11505:
11475:
11419:
11393:
11386:
11364:
11349:
11342:
11324:
11315:
11303:
11283:
11263:
11214:
11183:
11152:
11137:
11128:
11080:
11034:
10991:
10978:
10973:Shinzoku kibun
10963:
10949:
10923:
10872:
10858:
10844:
10825:(4): 370–399.
10800:
10793:
10775:
10768:
10748:
10741:
10723:
10716:
10693:
10678:
10645:
10635:hdl.handle.net
10607:
10592:
10574:
10539:
10527:
10512:
10500:
10465:
10439:
10413:
10374:
10339:
10304:
10275:
10263:
10234:
10204:
10183:
10140:
10113:(4): 245–256.
10096:
10078:978-1135955229
10077:
10049:
10027:
10015:Jin Z (2005).
10007:
9990:
9968:
9923:
9902:
9846:
9826:
9785:
9769:
9737:
9643:
9611:
9581:
9554:
9524:
9502:
9478:
9448:
9397:
9376:(17): 2012–8.
9335:
9283:
9244:
9211:
9179:
9123:
9108:
9093:
9078:
9057:(5): 1086–92.
9031:
9029:, p. 647.
9019:
9007:
8995:
8965:
8948:Wah Kiu Yat Po
8932:
8901:
8871:
8852:(2): 257–286.
8836:
8830:978-9622260160
8829:
8806:
8773:
8724:
8667:
8610:
8603:
8581:
8555:
8538:
8524:
8509:
8478:
8466:
8447:
8411:
8372:
8365:
8347:
8328:
8189:
8182:
8157:
8145:
8138:
8103:
8068:
8041:
8034:
8007:
8000:
7975:
7968:
7937:
7930:
7905:
7867:
7818:
7803:
7791:
7789:, p. 198.
7779:
7775:Johnson (2021)
7767:
7745:
7731:
7717:
7687:
7651:
7612:
7593:
7574:
7562:
7551:. 7 April 2019
7549:故事 StoryStudio
7536:
7511:
7499:
7487:
7459:
7447:
7380:
7327:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7313:
7312:
7254:
7240:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7219:Turtle farming
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7057:
7052:
7046:
7045:
7044:
7041:History portal
7030:
7016:
7002:
6988:
6972:
6969:
6940:
6937:
6897:
6894:
6877:
6874:
6865:
6862:
6817:
6814:
6808:
6805:
6790:Main article:
6779:
6776:
6747:
6744:
6727:
6724:
6703:
6700:
6676:
6673:
6660:
6657:
6652:
6649:
6643:
6640:
6635:
6632:
6616:Main article:
6612:
6611:
6526:
6524:
6517:
6511:
6508:
6470:Main article:
6467:
6464:
6435:Main article:
6432:
6429:
6399:Main article:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6387:
6386:
6380:
6374:
6368:
6358:
6355:
6325:Main article:
6322:
6317:
6299:Main article:
6288:
6285:
6249:placebo effect
6220:
6217:
6137:
6134:
6103:cardiomyopathy
6027:Hepatotoxicity
6014:lead(II) oxide
5957:phenylbutazone
5929:
5926:
5917:
5914:
5906:Pien tze huang
5841:Zhang TingDong
5751:
5748:
5747:
5746:
5739:
5732:
5725:
5710:
5703:
5700:
5695:treatment for
5685:
5678:
5671:
5668:
5664:mortality rate
5660:
5653:
5646:
5643:
5629:
5628:
5609:
5607:
5600:
5594:
5591:
5590:
5589:
5576:
5573:
5552:
5526:
5523:
5506:Materia medica
5491:human placenta
5479:Main article:
5476:
5473:
5454:) and turtle (
5436:Shark fin soup
5432:Sumatran tiger
5323:
5320:
5311:
5308:
5245:
5244:
5237:
5235:
5154:
5152:
5145:
5130:Main article:
5127:
5124:
5116:Cun, Guan, Chi
5099:
5096:
5095:
5094:
5087:
5075:
5072:
5069:
5054:
5051:
5050:
5049:
5035:
5022:
5017:) recognized:
4989:
4986:
4962:
4961:
4948:
4935:
4922:
4909:
4891:
4890:
4874:
4850:
4834:
4818:
4802:
4786:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4717:
4714:
4710:
4709:
4696:
4683:
4670:
4654:
4641:
4590:
4587:
4557:
4554:
4515:
4512:
4498:
4495:
4462:
4459:
4441:
4438:
4428:
4425:
4400:
4397:
4363:(Fu Qingzhu's
4331:
4328:
4323:qí jīng bā mài
4311:shí-èr jīngmài
4272:Main article:
4268:(c. 1368–1644)
4257:
4254:
4242:
4241:
4212:
4183:
4154:
4125:
3986:Main article:
3983:
3978:
3921:
3916:
3874:
3871:
3794:
3793:
3764:
3747:
3731:
3714:
3660:Main article:
3657:
3652:
3627:humoral theory
3571:Main article:
3568:
3565:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3512:
3508:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3500:bridge of nose
3498:
3495:
3492:
3488:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3428:
3427:
3424:
3421:
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3415:
3412:
3408:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3328:
3327:
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3318:
3315:
3312:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3281:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3270:
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3259:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3187:Main article:
3184:
3181:
3131:
3128:
3108:humoral theory
3048:modern science
3032:
3029:
2971:
2968:
2950:
2949:
2926:
2924:
2917:
2911:
2908:
2835:
2832:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2810:Modern history
2808:
2806:(1518–1593).
2748:, compiled by
2720:
2717:
2637:Mawangdui tomb
2623:Yellow Emperor
2606:
2603:
2583:Joseph Needham
2562:
2559:
2515:Charles Leslie
2455:
2452:
2433:ancient Greece
2429:humoral theory
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2126:Zaili teaching
2122:
2121:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2058:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2039:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2006:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1977:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1851:Chinese temple
1847:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1789:
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1783:
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1690:
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1683:
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1648:
1647:
1642:
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1609:
1608:
1600:
1599:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
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1557:
1554:
1553:
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1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
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1514:
1509:
1504:
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1489:
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1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1347:Pressure point
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1228:Energy therapy
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1114:Zero balancing
1111:
1106:
1101:
1099:Vision therapy
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1014:Parapsychology
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
934:Manual therapy
931:
929:Magnet therapy
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
890:
889:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
828:
827:
822:
817:
812:
802:
797:
792:
791:
790:
783:Detoxification
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
749:
748:
738:
733:
728:
723:
722:
721:
716:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
605:
602:
601:
598:
597:
594:
593:
588:
587:
586:
576:
571:
566:
561:
560:(health fraud)
555:
550:
549:
548:
543:
532:
529:
528:
525:
524:
516:
515:
509:
508:
496:
495:
492:
491:
488:
487:
480:
474:
473:
466:
460:
459:
458:Transcriptions
451:
450:
443:
437:
436:
429:
423:
422:
418:
417:
414:
413:
406:
400:
399:
392:
386:
385:
384:Transcriptions
377:
376:
369:
363:
362:
355:
349:
348:
344:
343:
339:
338:
335:
332:
329:
325:
321:
315:
314:
310:
309:
306:
303:
300:
296:
292:
286:
285:
281:
280:
277:
276:
269:
263:
262:
255:
246:
245:
239:
238:
228:
222:
221:
214:
208:
207:
200:
194:
193:
191:Yue: Cantonese
187:
186:
176:
170:
169:
162:
156:
155:
148:
142:
141:
134:
128:
127:
121:
120:
119:Transcriptions
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
96:
90:
89:
82:
76:
75:
71:
70:
55:
47:
46:
43:
42:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
18724:
18713:
18712:Pseudoscience
18710:
18708:
18705:
18703:
18700:
18698:
18695:
18694:
18692:
18679:
18678:
18667:
18661:
18658:
18656:
18653:
18651:
18648:
18646:
18643:
18641:
18638:
18636:
18633:
18631:
18628:
18624:
18621:
18620:
18619:
18616:
18614:
18611:
18609:
18608:Ethnomedicine
18606:
18604:
18601:
18599:
18596:
18594:
18591:
18589:
18586:
18584:
18581:
18580:
18578:
18574:
18568:
18567:Bush medicine
18565:
18564:
18562:
18558:
18552:
18549:
18547:
18544:
18542:
18539:
18537:
18534:
18533:
18531:
18527:
18521:
18518:
18516:
18513:
18511:
18508:
18506:
18503:
18501:
18498:
18496:
18493:
18491:
18488:
18486:
18483:
18481:
18478:
18476:
18473:
18471:
18468:
18466:
18463:
18459:
18456:
18455:
18454:
18451:
18449:
18446:
18444:
18441:
18439:
18436:
18434:
18431:
18430:
18428:
18424:
18418:
18415:
18413:
18410:
18408:
18407:Maya medicine
18405:
18403:
18400:
18398:
18395:
18393:
18390:
18388:
18385:
18383:
18380:
18378:
18375:
18374:
18372:
18368:
18363:
18353:
18350:
18348:
18345:
18343:
18340:
18338:
18335:
18333:
18330:
18328:
18325:
18323:
18320:
18318:
18315:
18313:
18310:
18309:
18307:
18303:
18299:
18292:
18287:
18285:
18280:
18278:
18273:
18272:
18269:
18256:
18250:
18247:
18245:
18242:
18240:
18238:
18233:
18230:
18229:
18227:
18223:
18217:
18214:
18212:
18209:
18207:
18206:Vegetarianism
18204:
18202:
18199:
18197:
18194:
18192:
18189:
18187:
18184:
18182:
18179:
18177:
18174:
18172:
18169:
18167:
18164:
18162:
18159:
18157:
18154:
18153:
18151:
18147:
18141:
18138:
18136:
18133:
18130:
18129:
18125:
18122:
18121:
18117:
18115:
18112:
18108:
18105:
18103:
18100:
18098:
18095:
18094:
18093:
18090:
18089:
18087:
18085:
18081:
18072:
18069:
18066:
18065:Delta variant
18063:
18060:
18057:
18056:
18055:
18052:
18049:
18048:SARS pandemic
18046:
18044:
18041:
18039:
18036:
18034:
18031:
18029:
18026:
18024:
18021:
18019:
18016:
18014:
18011:
18009:
18008:Mental health
18006:
18004:
18001:
17999:
17996:
17994:
17991:
17987:
17984:
17983:
17982:
17979:
17977:
17974:
17972:
17969:
17967:
17964:
17962:
17959:
17957:
17954:
17952:
17949:
17947:
17944:
17943:
17941:
17939:
17935:
17929:
17928:Biotechnology
17926:
17924:
17921:
17919:
17916:
17914:
17911:
17909:
17906:
17905:
17903:
17901:
17897:
17891:
17888:
17886:
17883:
17879:
17876:
17875:
17874:
17871:
17869:
17866:
17864:
17861:
17859:
17856:
17854:
17851:
17849:
17846:
17844:
17841:
17839:
17836:
17834:
17831:
17830:
17828:
17826:
17822:
17818:
17811:
17806:
17804:
17799:
17797:
17792:
17791:
17788:
17776:
17775:
17771:
17770:
17767:
17761:
17758:
17756:
17753:
17751:
17748:
17747:
17745:
17741:
17734:
17731:
17728:
17725:
17722:
17719:
17716:
17713:
17710:
17707:
17704:
17701:
17700:
17698:
17694:
17684:
17681:
17679:
17676:
17674:
17671:
17669:
17666:
17664:
17661:
17659:
17656:
17655:
17653:
17649:
17643:
17640:
17638:
17635:
17633:
17630:
17628:
17625:
17623:
17620:
17618:
17615:
17614:
17612:
17608:
17605:
17603:
17602:Zangfu Organs
17599:
17589:
17586:
17584:
17581:
17579:
17576:
17574:
17571:
17569:
17566:
17565:
17563:
17561:
17557:
17551:
17548:
17546:
17543:
17541:
17538:
17537:
17535:
17533:
17529:
17523:
17520:
17518:
17515:
17513:
17510:
17508:
17505:
17503:
17500:
17498:
17495:
17493:
17490:
17488:
17485:
17483:
17480:
17478:
17475:
17474:
17472:
17468:
17462:
17459:
17457:
17454:
17452:
17449:
17447:
17444:
17442:
17439:
17437:
17434:
17432:
17429:
17428:
17426:
17422:
17418:
17411:
17406:
17404:
17399:
17397:
17392:
17391:
17388:
17381:
17380:
17376:
17370:
17367:
17361:
17358:
17357:
17347:
17345:9780231175005
17341:
17337:
17333:
17328:
17324:
17322:9783791321493
17318:
17314:
17309:
17305:
17303:9780520050259
17299:
17295:
17290:
17286:
17284:9780520053724
17280:
17276:
17271:
17267:
17265:9780300249408
17261:
17257:
17252:
17248:
17244:
17240:
17239:Raphals, Lisa
17236:
17233:
17229:
17224:
17220:
17216:
17212:
17206:
17202:
17198:
17194:
17193:
17188:
17184:
17180:
17177:
17173:
17170:
17166:
17162:
17160:9780415830645
17156:
17152:
17147:
17143:
17137:
17133:
17129:
17128:Sivin, Nathan
17125:
17121:
17117:
17115:9789882370579
17111:
17107:
17102:
17098:
17094:
17090:
17086:
17082:
17078:
17073:
17068:
17062:
17058:
17053:
17049:
17043:
17039:
17035:
17031:
17026:
17015:
17013:9789241506090
17009:
17005:
17001:
16997:
16996:
16991:
16990:
16979:
16975:
16970:
16965:
16961:
16957:
16953:
16948:
16936:
16932:
16926:
16922:
16921:
16915:
16911:
16909:9789004256453
16905:
16901:
16896:
16892:
16888:
16884:
16880:
16876:
16871:
16867:
16865:9780520266131
16861:
16857:
16856:
16850:
16846:
16840:
16836:
16831:
16827:
16823:
16819:
16815:
16811:
16807:
16803:
16799:
16795:
16791:
16786:
16781:
16780:Sivin, Nathan
16777:
16773:
16767:
16763:
16759:
16755:
16751:
16739:
16735:
16731:
16727:
16723:
16719:
16717:9780226169880
16713:
16709:
16708:
16702:
16699:
16695:
16692:
16689:
16685:
16679:
16675:
16671:
16667:
16663:
16659:
16647:
16643:
16641:9780674047372
16637:
16633:
16632:
16626:
16622:
16617:
16605:
16601:
16599:9783631578032
16595:
16591:
16587:
16586:
16580:
16576:
16570:
16566:
16561:
16557:
16551:
16547:
16542:
16530:
16526:
16524:9780674047372
16520:
16516:
16512:
16507:
16506:
16483:
16479:
16473:
16457:
16453:
16449:
16443:
16427:
16423:
16419:
16413:
16397:
16393:
16387:
16371:
16367:
16363:
16357:
16341:
16337:
16331:
16315:
16311:
16307:
16301:
16285:
16281:
16277:
16271:
16255:
16251:
16247:
16241:
16225:
16221:
16217:
16211:
16195:
16191:
16187:
16181:
16179:
16177:
16160:
16156:
16149:
16130:
16126:
16119:
16113:
16097:
16093:
16092:www.law.go.kr
16089:
16083:
16067:
16063:
16059:
16053:
16043:
16039:
16036:
16030:
16019:
16012:
16006:
16004:
15987:
15983:
15977:
15961:
15957:
15951:
15935:
15931:
15925:
15910:
15904:
15897:
15893:
15890:
15885:
15869:
15865:
15859:
15843:
15839:
15833:
15817:
15813:
15804:
15788:
15784:
15775:
15759:
15755:
15751:
15745:
15729:
15725:
15719:
15703:
15699:
15695:
15689:
15673:
15669:
15663:
15647:
15643:
15637:
15629:
15627:9780231128056
15623:
15619:
15614:
15613:
15604:
15602:
15593:
15589:
15584:
15579:
15575:
15571:
15564:
15557:
15549:
15545:
15541:
15537:
15534:(4): 423–32.
15533:
15529:
15522:
15515:
15507:
15501:
15497:
15490:
15482:
15478:
15474:
15468:
15464:
15460:
15456:
15452:
15446:
15438:
15434:
15430:
15426:
15422:
15418:
15414:
15410:
15403:
15395:
15391:
15386:
15381:
15376:
15371:
15367:
15363:
15359:
15352:
15350:
15341:
15337:
15332:
15327:
15323:
15319:
15315:
15311:
15307:
15300:
15293:
15289:
15283:
15279:
15275:
15274:
15269:
15265:
15259:
15251:
15247:
15242:
15237:
15233:
15229:
15225:
15221:
15217:
15210:
15202:
15198:
15194:
15190:
15186:
15182:
15178:
15174:
15167:
15159:
15155:
15151:
15147:
15143:
15139:
15135:
15131:
15115:
15111:
15107:
15100:
15084:
15080:
15079:
15074:
15067:
15059:
15055:
15050:
15045:
15041:
15037:
15033:
15029:
15025:
15018:
15002:
14998:
14991:
14989:
14969:
14965:
14961:
14957:
14953:
14949:
14945:
14942:(6): 1360–3.
14941:
14937:
14930:
14927:(June 2013).
14926:
14922:
14916:
14909:
14904:
14896:
14890:
14886:
14882:
14875:
14859:
14855:
14851:
14850:"Moxibustion"
14845:
14829:
14825:
14819:
14803:
14799:
14795:
14789:
14781:
14777:
14773:
14767:
14763:
14762:
14754:
14738:
14734:
14728:
14712:
14708:
14704:
14700:
14696:
14691:
14686:
14682:
14678:
14674:
14670:
14666:
14658:
14650:
14646:
14641:
14636:
14632:
14628:
14624:
14620:
14616:
14609:
14601:
14597:
14592:
14587:
14582:
14577:
14573:
14569:
14565:
14561:
14557:
14550:
14542:
14538:
14534:
14530:
14526:
14522:
14519:(5): 647–54.
14518:
14514:
14507:
14499:
14495:
14491:
14487:
14480:
14474:
14470:
14467:
14464:
14459:
14451:
14447:
14442:
14437:
14432:
14427:
14423:
14419:
14415:
14408:
14392:
14388:
14384:
14380:
14373:
14365:
14361:
14356:
14351:
14346:
14341:
14337:
14333:
14329:
14325:
14321:
14314:
14312:
14303:
14299:
14295:
14291:
14287:
14283:
14279:
14275:
14268:
14260:
14256:
14252:
14248:
14244:
14240:
14233:
14217:
14213:
14207:
14199:
14192:
14188:
14184:
14180:
14175:
14170:
14167:(2): 107–13.
14166:
14162:
14158:
14151:
14143:
14139:
14135:
14131:
14127:
14123:
14120:(3): 189–98.
14119:
14115:
14108:
14100:
14096:
14092:
14088:
14084:
14080:
14073:
14071:
14069:
14067:
14047:
14043:
14039:
14035:
14031:
14027:
14023:
14018:
14013:
14009:
14005:
13998:
13991:
13983:
13979:
13974:
13969:
13965:
13961:
13957:
13950:
13948:
13939:
13933:
13929:
13925:
13921:
13915:
13899:
13895:
13889:
13887:
13878:
13872:
13868:
13865:Lock (1984).
13861:
13853:
13847:
13843:
13836:
13828:
13824:
13819:
13814:
13809:
13804:
13800:
13796:
13793:(9): e74916.
13792:
13788:
13784:
13777:
13768:
13763:
13759:
13755:
13751:
13744:
13736:
13732:
13727:
13722:
13718:
13714:
13710:
13703:
13687:
13683:
13679:
13673:
13665:
13661:
13657:
13653:
13649:
13645:
13642:(7): 1104–6.
13641:
13637:
13630:
13628:
13619:
13615:
13610:
13605:
13601:
13597:
13593:
13589:
13585:
13578:
13562:
13558:
13552:
13550:
13541:
13537:
13532:
13527:
13523:
13519:
13515:
13511:
13507:
13500:
13498:
13489:
13485:
13481:
13477:
13473:
13466:
13458:
13454:
13449:
13444:
13440:
13436:
13432:
13428:
13424:
13417:
13409:
13405:
13400:
13395:
13391:
13387:
13383:
13379:
13375:
13368:
13360:
13356:
13352:
13346:
13342:
13338:
13334:
13327:
13325:
13323:
13321:
13319:
13310:
13306:
13302:
13298:
13294:
13287:
13279:
13275:
13270:
13265:
13261:
13257:
13253:
13249:
13245:
13238:
13230:
13226:
13221:
13216:
13212:
13208:
13204:
13200:
13196:
13192:
13188:
13181:
13173:
13169:
13164:
13159:
13155:
13151:
13147:
13143:
13136:
13128:
13124:
13120:
13116:
13113:(3): 257–74.
13112:
13108:
13101:
13093:
13089:
13085:
13081:
13077:
13073:
13066:
13058:
13054:
13049:
13044:
13040:
13036:
13032:
13028:
13024:
13017:
13009:
13005:
13000:
12995:
12990:
12985:
12981:
12977:
12973:
12966:
12950:
12946:
12942:
12937:
12932:
12928:
12924:
12920:
12916:
12912:
12905:
12897:
12893:
12889:
12885:
12881:
12877:
12874:(6): 455–73.
12873:
12869:
12862:
12854:
12850:
12845:
12840:
12836:
12832:
12829:(4): 471–82.
12828:
12824:
12820:
12813:
12797:
12793:
12787:
12783:
12782:
12774:
12766:
12762:
12757:
12752:
12747:
12742:
12738:
12734:
12731:(5): e20185.
12730:
12726:
12722:
12715:
12707:
12703:
12698:
12693:
12688:
12683:
12679:
12675:
12671:
12664:
12658:
12654:
12650:
12646:
12643:
12637:
12635:
12633:
12631:
12629:
12627:
12625:
12623:
12621:
12619:
12617:
12615:
12613:
12611:
12609:
12607:
12605:
12603:
12601:
12584:
12580:
12574:
12572:
12562:
12553:
12545:
12539:
12535:
12531:
12527:
12520:
12512:
12506:
12502:
12498:
12491:
12489:
12472:
12468:
12464:
12458:
12451:
12447:
12444:
12439:
12423:
12419:
12412:
12410:
12393:
12389:
12388:
12383:
12377:
12361:
12357:
12353:
12346:
12330:
12326:
12322:
12316:
12300:
12296:
12290:
12274:
12270:
12264:
12260:
12256:
12252:
12251:
12243:
12227:
12223:
12219:
12212:
12210:
12193:
12189:
12185:
12179:
12171:
12167:
12162:
12157:
12153:
12149:
12146:(7395): 455.
12145:
12141:
12137:
12130:
12128:
12126:
12109:
12105:
12104:New Scientist
12101:
12095:
12093:
12091:
12074:
12070:
12066:
12059:
12057:
12055:
12038:
12034:
12030:
12023:
12007:
12003:
11997:
11989:
11985:
11981:
11977:
11973:
11969:
11962:
11946:
11942:
11938:
11931:
11923:
11919:
11912:
11896:
11892:
11888:
11882:
11876:
11872:
11869:
11865:
11860:
11844:
11840:
11834:
11830:
11829:
11821:
11813:
11809:
11805:
11801:
11798:(2): 118–22.
11797:
11793:
11786:
11784:
11767:
11763:
11757:
11741:
11737:
11731:
11723:
11719:
11713:
11705:
11701:
11696:
11691:
11687:
11683:
11679:
11675:
11671:
11664:
11658:
11654:
11650:
11646:
11643:
11637:
11635:
11626:
11622:
11618:
11614:
11610:
11603:
11587:
11583:
11577:
11573:
11572:
11564:
11548:
11544:
11540:
11536:
11530:
11526:
11522:
11518:
11517:
11509:
11493:
11489:
11485:
11479:
11471:
11467:
11463:
11459:
11455:
11451:
11447:
11443:
11439:
11435:
11428:
11426:
11424:
11407:
11403:
11397:
11389:
11383:
11379:
11375:
11368:
11360:
11353:
11345:
11339:
11335:
11328:
11319:
11312:
11307:
11290:
11286:
11280:
11276:
11275:
11267:
11259:
11255:
11250:
11245:
11241:
11237:
11233:
11229:
11225:
11218:
11212:
11208:
11204:
11198:
11196:
11194:
11192:
11190:
11188:
11171:
11168:(46): 21–29.
11167:
11163:
11156:
11148:
11141:
11132:
11126:
11122:
11118:
11114:
11111:
11105:
11103:
11101:
11099:
11097:
11095:
11093:
11091:
11089:
11087:
11085:
11078:
11074:
11070:
11066:
11063:
11057:
11055:
11053:
11051:
11049:
11047:
11045:
11043:
11041:
11039:
11030:
11026:
11022:
11018:
11014:
11010:
11007:(1B): 11–22.
11006:
11002:
10995:
10988:
10982:
10974:
10967:
10960:
10956:
10952:
10950:9789813273573
10946:
10942:
10938:
10934:
10927:
10920:
10916:
10894:
10876:
10868:
10862:
10854:
10848:
10840:
10836:
10832:
10828:
10824:
10820:
10813:
10811:
10809:
10807:
10805:
10796:
10794:9780520208292
10790:
10786:
10779:
10771:
10769:9780786462933
10765:
10761:
10760:
10752:
10744:
10738:
10734:
10727:
10719:
10717:9780520208292
10713:
10709:
10702:
10700:
10698:
10689:
10685:
10681:
10675:
10671:
10664:
10662:
10660:
10658:
10656:
10654:
10652:
10650:
10643:
10639:
10636:
10632:
10626:
10624:
10622:
10620:
10618:
10616:
10614:
10612:
10603:
10599:
10595:
10589:
10585:
10582:Fu S (1995).
10578:
10562:
10558:
10543:
10536:
10531:
10524:
10519:
10517:
10509:
10504:
10488:
10484:
10469:
10453:
10449:
10443:
10427:
10423:
10417:
10401:
10397:
10384:
10378:
10362:
10358:
10343:
10327:
10323:
10308:
10292:
10288:
10282:
10280:
10273:, p. 147
10272:
10267:
10251:
10247:
10241:
10239:
10222:
10218:
10211:
10209:
10195:
10190:
10188:
10179:
10175:
10171:
10167:
10163:
10159:
10156:(2): 125–37.
10155:
10151:
10144:
10136:
10132:
10128:
10124:
10120:
10116:
10112:
10108:
10100:
10084:
10080:
10074:
10070:
10066:
10065:
10060:
10053:
10046:
10034:
10030:
10024:
10020:
10019:
10011:
10004:
9999:
9997:
9995:
9986:
9982:
9978:
9972:
9966:
9962:
9958:
9952:
9950:
9948:
9946:
9944:
9942:
9940:
9938:
9936:
9934:
9932:
9930:
9928:
9921:
9917:
9914:
9911:
9906:
9895:
9891:
9887:
9882:
9877:
9873:
9869:
9862:
9855:
9853:
9851:
9843:
9839:
9833:
9831:
9824:
9820:
9816:
9810:
9808:
9806:
9804:
9802:
9800:
9798:
9796:
9794:
9792:
9790:
9783:
9778:
9776:
9774:
9767:
9763:
9759:
9755:
9752:
9746:
9744:
9742:
9735:
9730:
9728:
9726:
9724:
9722:
9720:
9718:
9716:
9714:
9712:
9710:
9708:
9706:
9704:
9702:
9700:
9698:
9696:
9694:
9692:
9690:
9688:
9686:
9684:
9682:
9680:
9678:
9676:
9674:
9672:
9670:
9668:
9666:
9664:
9662:
9660:
9658:
9656:
9654:
9652:
9650:
9648:
9641:
9637:
9633:
9629:
9626:
9620:
9618:
9616:
9600:
9596:
9592:
9585:
9579:
9575:
9571:
9567:
9564:
9558:
9542:
9538:
9534:
9528:
9520:
9516:
9512:
9506:
9500:
9496:
9493:
9487:
9485:
9483:
9466:
9462:
9458:
9452:
9444:
9440:
9435:
9430:
9425:
9420:
9416:
9412:
9408:
9401:
9393:
9389:
9384:
9379:
9375:
9371:
9370:Planta Medica
9367:
9360:
9358:
9356:
9354:
9352:
9350:
9348:
9346:
9344:
9342:
9340:
9332:
9328:
9324:
9319:
9314:
9310:
9306:
9302:
9298:
9294:
9287:
9279:
9275:
9271:
9267:
9263:
9259:
9251:
9249:
9232:
9228:
9227:
9222:
9215:
9199:
9195:
9194:
9189:
9183:
9175:
9171:
9167:
9163:
9158:
9153:
9149:
9145:
9141:
9137:
9133:
9127:
9121:, p. 387
9120:
9115:
9113:
9106:, p. 107
9105:
9100:
9098:
9090:
9085:
9083:
9074:
9070:
9065:
9060:
9056:
9052:
9045:
9038:
9036:
9028:
9023:
9017:, p. xi.
9016:
9011:
9004:
8999:
8991:
8984:
8982:
8980:
8978:
8976:
8974:
8972:
8970:
8953:
8949:
8945:
8936:
8920:
8916:
8912:
8905:
8889:
8885:
8881:
8875:
8867:
8863:
8859:
8855:
8851:
8847:
8840:
8832:
8826:
8817:. Hong Kong:
8810:
8794:
8790:
8789:
8784:
8777:
8769:
8765:
8761:
8757:
8752:
8747:
8743:
8739:
8735:
8728:
8720:
8716:
8712:
8708:
8703:
8698:
8694:
8690:
8686:
8682:
8678:
8671:
8663:
8659:
8655:
8651:
8646:
8641:
8637:
8633:
8629:
8625:
8621:
8614:
8606:
8600:
8596:
8592:
8585:
8577:
8573:
8564:
8562:
8560:
8551:
8550:
8542:
8534:
8528:
8520:
8513:
8497:
8493:
8492:Medical Daily
8489:
8482:
8475:
8470:
8454:
8450:
8448:9787806999752
8444:
8434:
8420:
8418:
8416:
8399:
8395:
8391:
8383:
8381:
8379:
8377:
8368:
8362:
8358:
8351:
8335:
8331:
8325:
8321:
8320:
8312:
8310:
8308:
8306:
8304:
8302:
8300:
8298:
8296:
8294:
8292:
8290:
8288:
8286:
8284:
8282:
8280:
8278:
8276:
8274:
8272:
8270:
8268:
8266:
8264:
8262:
8260:
8258:
8256:
8254:
8252:
8250:
8248:
8246:
8244:
8242:
8240:
8238:
8236:
8234:
8232:
8230:
8228:
8226:
8224:
8222:
8220:
8218:
8216:
8214:
8212:
8210:
8208:
8206:
8204:
8202:
8200:
8198:
8196:
8194:
8185:
8179:
8175:
8168:
8166:
8164:
8162:
8154:
8149:
8141:
8135:
8131:
8126:
8125:
8112:
8110:
8108:
8099:
8095:
8084:秦漢之際鍼灸療法理論的建立
8072:
8064:
8060:
8057:(3): 337–67.
8056:
8052:
8045:
8037:
8031:
8027:
8020:
8018:
8016:
8014:
8012:
8003:
7997:
7994:. Routledge.
7993:
7986:
7984:
7982:
7980:
7971:
7965:
7961:
7954:
7941:
7933:
7927:
7923:
7916:
7914:
7912:
7910:
7893:
7889:
7888:
7883:
7876:
7874:
7872:
7863:
7859:
7855:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7838:(4): 319–26.
7837:
7833:
7829:
7822:
7814:
7807:
7800:
7795:
7788:
7783:
7776:
7771:
7763:
7759:
7752:
7750:
7741:
7735:
7727:
7721:
7705:
7701:
7697:
7691:
7675:
7671:
7667:
7660:
7658:
7656:
7639:
7635:
7631:
7625:
7623:
7621:
7619:
7617:
7600:
7596:
7590:
7586:
7585:
7578:
7571:
7570:Taylor (2005)
7566:
7550:
7546:
7540:
7525:
7521:
7515:
7508:
7507:Taylor (2005)
7503:
7496:
7491:
7476:
7472:
7466:
7464:
7456:
7451:
7444:
7439:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7421:
7417:
7413:
7409:
7405:
7399:
7397:
7395:
7393:
7391:
7389:
7387:
7385:
7376:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7358:
7354:
7350:
7346:
7342:
7335:
7333:
7328:
7309:
7295:
7291:
7277:
7273:
7258:
7248:
7246:
7241:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7154:Pharmacognosy
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7119:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7062:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7047:
7042:
7031:
7028:
7017:
7014:
7003:
7000:
6999:Taiwan portal
6989:
6986:
6975:
6968:
6966:
6962:
6958:
6954:
6950:
6946:
6939:United States
6936:
6934:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6920:
6916:
6912:
6902:
6893:
6891:
6887:
6882:
6873:
6871:
6861:
6858:
6854:
6849:
6847:
6843:
6839:
6831:
6827:
6822:
6813:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6793:
6784:
6775:
6770:
6766:
6758:
6757:
6752:
6743:
6741:
6732:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6714:
6709:
6699:
6697:
6693:
6689:
6684:
6682:
6672:
6668:
6666:
6656:
6648:
6639:
6631:
6629:
6625:
6622:The concepts
6619:
6608:
6605:
6597:
6586:
6583:
6579:
6576:
6572:
6569:
6565:
6562:
6558:
6555: –
6554:
6550:
6549:Find sources:
6543:
6539:
6533:
6532:
6527:This section
6525:
6521:
6516:
6515:
6507:
6496:
6492:
6488:
6478:
6473:
6463:
6461:
6451:
6443:
6438:
6428:
6426:
6422:
6407:
6402:
6384:
6381:
6378:
6375:
6372:
6369:
6366:
6365:
6361:
6360:
6354:
6352:
6348:
6344:
6340:
6328:
6321:
6316:
6314:
6302:
6293:
6284:
6282:
6277:
6274:
6269:
6267:
6261:
6257:
6254:
6250:
6246:
6242:
6238:
6237:
6230:
6226:
6216:
6214:
6208:
6206:
6201:
6199:
6195:
6191:
6176:
6174:
6170:
6160:
6152:
6147:
6143:
6133:
6131:
6130:coronaviruses
6127:
6123:
6119:
6115:
6110:
6108:
6104:
6100:
6099:
6093:
6091:
6090:
6085:
6081:
6080:
6075:
6074:
6069:
6068:
6063:
6062:
6057:
6056:
6051:
6050:
6045:
6041:
6038:
6034:
6033:
6028:
6024:
6023:
6017:
6015:
6011:
6007:
6003:
5999:
5995:
5991:
5990:
5985:
5984:
5979:
5975:
5974:
5968:
5966:
5965:glibenclamide
5962:
5958:
5954:
5950:
5946:
5945:
5934:
5925:
5923:
5913:
5911:
5907:
5903:
5901:
5897:
5894:
5890:
5889:antiasthmatic
5886:
5876:
5872:
5868:
5866:
5865:
5860:
5856:
5854:
5850:
5846:
5842:
5837:
5835:
5831:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5816:. Researcher
5815:
5814:
5809:
5805:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5792:
5784:
5780:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5765:
5761:
5757:
5750:Drug research
5744:
5740:
5737:
5733:
5730:
5726:
5723:
5719:
5714:
5711:
5708:
5704:
5701:
5698:
5694:
5690:
5686:
5683:
5679:
5676:
5672:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5658:
5654:
5651:
5647:
5644:
5641:
5637:
5636:
5635:
5625:
5613:
5608:
5599:
5598:
5586:
5582:
5577:
5574:
5571:
5567:
5557:
5553:
5550:
5546:
5536:
5532:
5531:
5530:
5522:
5518:
5516:
5512:
5511:Bencao Gangmu
5508:
5507:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5472:
5470:
5465:
5461:
5457:
5453:
5449:
5445:
5440:
5437:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5416:
5413:
5409:
5405:
5401:
5396:
5394:
5390:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5374:
5368:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5319:
5317:
5310:Raw materials
5307:
5300:
5295:
5288:
5283:
5275:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5251:
5236:
5232:
5221:
5218:
5214:
5211:
5207:
5204:
5200:
5197:
5193:
5190: –
5189:
5185:
5184:Find sources:
5179:
5175:
5169:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5155:This section
5153:
5144:
5143:
5139:
5133:
5123:
5121:
5117:
5113:
5112:radial artery
5108:
5106:
5092:
5088:
5085:
5081:
5076:
5073:
5070:
5067:
5066:
5065:
5047:
5036:
5033:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5005:
5003:
4985:
4983:
4973:
4959:
4949:
4946:
4936:
4933:
4923:
4920:
4910:
4907:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4888:
4878:
4875:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4854:
4851:
4848:
4838:
4835:
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4713:
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4642:
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4424:
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4384:
4382:
4381:Doctor's lady
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4366:
4362:
4358:
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4142:
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3943:
3939:
3937:
3927:
3920:
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3896:
3887:
3881:
3870:
3869:of the body.
3868:
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3860:
3856:
3854:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3818:
3814:
3809:
3806:
3802:
3799:
3791:
3788:(blood), and
3787:
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3779:
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3762:
3749:Containment (
3748:
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3742:
3732:
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3712:
3698:
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3690:
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3672:
3668:
3663:
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3648:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3635:physiological
3632:
3628:
3625:
3624:Mediterranean
3620:
3616:
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3608:
3606:
3602:
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3333:
3330:
3329:
3325:
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3310:
3309:
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3260:
3256:
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3227:
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3195:Shang dynasty
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3145:), exercise (
3143:
3138:
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3111:
3109:
3106:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3083:
3078:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3062:pseudoscience
3059:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3042:
3037:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3013:
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3007:
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2859:
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2841:
2831:
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2805:
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2779:
2776:, to prevent
2775:
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2567:Shang dynasty
2561:Shang dynasty
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2180:
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2143:
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2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
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2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2004:
2003:Other schools
2001:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1920:
1919:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1810:
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1806:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1772:
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1764:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1747:
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1740:
1737:
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1733:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1723:
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1719:
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1662:
1661:
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1641:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1620:
1619:
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1610:
1607:
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1589:
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1578:
1573:
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1535:
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1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
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1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
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1487:
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1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
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1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1384:Faith healing
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1292:Bush medicine
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1282:Balneotherapy
1280:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
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1152:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1126:Controversies
1123:
1122:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1094:Vegetotherapy
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1009:Ozone therapy
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
924:Lymphotherapy
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
888:
885:
884:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
862:Hair analysis
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
847:FasciaBlaster
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
810:Correactology
808:
807:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
789:
786:
785:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
753:Colorpuncture
751:
747:
744:
743:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
731:Chromotherapy
729:
727:
724:
720:
717:
715:
712:
711:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
619:Alkaline diet
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
606:
600:
599:
592:
589:
585:
582:
581:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
569:Pseudoscience
567:
565:
562:
559:
556:
554:
551:
547:
544:
542:
539:
538:
537:
534:
533:
527:
526:
522:
518:
517:
514:
511:
510:
506:
502:
501:
493:
481:
479:
475:
467:
465:
461:
456:
452:
444:
442:
438:
430:
428:
424:
421:Japanese name
419:
407:
405:
401:
393:
391:
387:
382:
378:
370:
368:
364:
356:
354:
350:
345:
336:
333:
330:
327:
326:
322:
320:
316:
307:
304:
301:
298:
297:
293:
291:
287:
282:
270:
268:
264:
256:
254:
251:
247:
244:
240:
234:
229:
227:
223:
215:
213:
209:
201:
199:
195:
192:
188:
182:
177:
175:
171:
163:
161:
157:
149:
147:
143:
135:
133:
129:
126:
122:
117:
113:
109:
105:
97:
95:
91:
83:
81:
77:
72:
67:
63:
59:
53:
48:
44:
39:
36:
32:
27:
19:
18675:
18640:Mithridatism
18494:
18438:Dhivehi beys
18234:
18196:Prostitution
18156:Demographics
18127:
18119:
18033:Tuberculosis
17912:
17772:
17735:(c. 150–219)
17482:Yin and yang
17451:Fire cupping
17416:
17378:
17373:(in Chinese)
17364:(in Chinese)
17335:
17331:
17312:
17293:
17274:
17255:
17246:
17231:
17196:
17191:
17175:
17150:
17131:
17105:
17080:
17076:
17056:
17029:
17017:. Retrieved
16994:
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16939:. Retrieved
16919:
16899:
16882:
16878:
16874:
16854:
16834:
16796:(1): 41–90.
16793:
16789:
16761:
16742:. Retrieved
16733:
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16683:
16673:
16669:
16662:Johnson, Ian
16650:. Retrieved
16630:
16620:
16608:. Retrieved
16584:
16564:
16545:
16533:. Retrieved
16514:
16486:. Retrieved
16482:the original
16472:
16460:. Retrieved
16451:
16442:
16430:. Retrieved
16421:
16412:
16400:. Retrieved
16386:
16374:. Retrieved
16365:
16356:
16344:. Retrieved
16330:
16318:. Retrieved
16309:
16300:
16288:. Retrieved
16279:
16270:
16258:. Retrieved
16249:
16240:
16228:. Retrieved
16219:
16210:
16198:. Retrieved
16189:
16163:. Retrieved
16148:
16136:. Retrieved
16129:the original
16124:
16112:
16100:. Retrieved
16091:
16082:
16070:. Retrieved
16061:
16052:
16029:
15990:. Retrieved
15976:
15964:. Retrieved
15950:
15938:. Retrieved
15934:the original
15930:"澳门的高等中医药教育"
15924:
15912:. Retrieved
15903:
15884:
15872:. Retrieved
15858:
15846:. Retrieved
15832:
15820:. Retrieved
15803:
15791:. Retrieved
15774:
15762:. Retrieved
15753:
15744:
15732:. Retrieved
15728:the original
15718:
15706:. Retrieved
15697:
15688:
15676:. Retrieved
15662:
15650:. Retrieved
15636:
15611:
15576:(5): 550–9.
15573:
15569:
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15531:
15527:
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15179:(3): 187–9.
15176:
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15118:. Retrieved
15109:
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15087:. Retrieved
15078:The Guardian
15076:
15066:
15031:
15027:
15017:
15005:. Retrieved
14975:. Retrieved
14939:
14935:
14915:
14903:
14880:
14874:
14862:. Retrieved
14844:
14832:. Retrieved
14818:
14806:. Retrieved
14797:
14788:
14760:
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14741:. Retrieved
14727:
14715:. Retrieved
14672:
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14395:. Retrieved
14386:
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14327:
14323:
14280:(3): 153–9.
14277:
14273:
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14238:
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14206:
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14160:
14150:
14117:
14113:
14107:
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14078:
14053:. Retrieved
14010:(1): 89–92.
14007:
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13963:
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13914:
13902:. Retrieved
13866:
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13835:
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13716:
13712:
13702:
13690:. Retrieved
13681:
13672:
13639:
13635:
13591:
13587:
13577:
13565:. Retrieved
13516:(6): 855–8.
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12800:. Retrieved
12780:
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12663:
12587:. Retrieved
12561:
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12477:17 September
12475:. Retrieved
12466:
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12438:
12426:. Retrieved
12396:. Retrieved
12385:
12376:
12364:. Retrieved
12355:
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12333:. Retrieved
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12315:
12303:. Retrieved
12289:
12277:. Retrieved
12249:
12242:
12230:. Retrieved
12221:
12196:. Retrieved
12187:
12178:
12143:
12139:
12114:17 September
12112:. Retrieved
12103:
12077:. Retrieved
12068:
12041:. Retrieved
12032:
12022:
12010:. Retrieved
11996:
11974:(1): 11–18.
11971:
11967:
11961:
11949:. Retrieved
11940:
11930:
11922:the original
11911:
11899:. Retrieved
11890:
11881:
11863:
11859:
11847:. Retrieved
11827:
11820:
11795:
11791:
11770:. Retrieved
11756:
11744:. Retrieved
11730:
11722:the original
11712:
11677:
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11663:
11616:
11612:
11602:
11590:. Retrieved
11570:
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11551:. Retrieved
11515:
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11488:china.org.cn
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10561:the original
10542:
10537:, p. 20
10530:
10525:, p. 16
10503:
10491:. Retrieved
10487:the original
10468:
10456:. Retrieved
10452:the original
10442:
10430:. Retrieved
10426:the original
10416:
10404:. Retrieved
10400:the original
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10342:
10330:. Retrieved
10307:
10295:. Retrieved
10266:
10254:. Retrieved
10225:. Retrieved
10215:Reninger E.
10153:
10149:
10143:
10110:
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10087:. Retrieved
10062:
10052:
10044:
10037:. Retrieved
10017:
10010:
10005:, p. 19
9971:
9909:
9905:
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9867:
9603:, retrieved
9594:
9584:
9557:
9545:. Retrieved
9536:
9527:
9518:
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9505:
9469:. Retrieved
9460:
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9261:
9257:
9235:. Retrieved
9224:
9214:
9202:. Retrieved
9198:the original
9191:
9182:
9139:
9135:
9126:
9091:, p. 72
9054:
9050:
9022:
9010:
9003:Sivin (1988)
8998:
8989:
8956:. Retrieved
8947:
8943:粵共研究中藥替代西藥用途
8935:
8923:. Retrieved
8914:
8904:
8892:. Retrieved
8883:
8874:
8849:
8845:
8839:
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8786:
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8737:
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8491:
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8402:. Retrieved
8393:
8356:
8350:
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8318:
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8097:
8087:
8071:
8054:
8050:
8044:
8025:
7991:
7959:
7952:
7940:
7921:
7896:. Retrieved
7885:
7835:
7831:
7821:
7812:
7806:
7794:
7787:Sivin (1987)
7782:
7770:
7761:
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7734:
7720:
7708:. Retrieved
7699:
7690:
7678:. Retrieved
7669:
7642:. Retrieved
7603:. Retrieved
7583:
7577:
7565:
7553:. Retrieved
7548:
7539:
7527:. Retrieved
7523:
7514:
7502:
7490:
7478:. Retrieved
7474:
7450:
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7411:
7407:
7348:
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7293:
7287:
7275:
7269:
7257:
7184:Tao Hongjing
7116:
7059:
6985:China portal
6957:South Dakota
6953:North Dakota
6942:
6930:
6927:
6907:
6883:
6879:
6867:
6850:
6835:
6825:
6810:
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6797:
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6739:
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6721:
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6685:
6681:British rule
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6669:
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6637:
6627:
6623:
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6548:
6536:Please help
6531:verification
6528:
6491:bone-setting
6486:
6476:
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6457:
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6350:
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6330:
6319:
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6270:
6266:Edzard Ernst
6262:
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6187:
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6111:
6096:
6094:
6087:
6084:antimalarial
6077:
6071:
6065:
6059:
6053:
6047:
6044:glycyrrhizin
6039:
6030:
6020:
6018:
5989:Aristolochia
5987:
5981:
5978:Asiatic toad
5971:
5969:
5942:
5939:
5919:
5910:Ming dynasty
5904:
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5869:
5862:
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5783:antimalarial
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5743:haemorrhoids
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5563:
5556:Five Flavors
5542:
5535:Four Natures
5528:
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5502:
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5417:
5411:
5408:gall bladder
5397:
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5216:
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5163:verification
5156:
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5101:
5091:A-shi points
5056:
5043:
5029:
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5006:
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4991:
4979:
4969:
4963:
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4942:
4929:
4916:
4903:
4892:
4884:
4876:
4871:yin and yang
4860:
4852:
4844:
4836:
4828:
4820:
4812:
4804:
4796:
4788:
4782:Yin and yang
4781:
4772:
4762:
4754:
4744:irascibility
4733:
4723:
4719:
4711:
4703:
4698:Summerheat (
4690:
4677:
4664:
4648:
4635:
4625:
4618:
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4592:
4589:Six Excesses
4582:
4576:
4565:
4559:
4545:
4542:
4535:
4529:
4527:in another.
4517:
4504:
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4433:
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4372:
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4360:
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4334:
4333:
4321:
4309:
4297:
4285:
4277:
4266:Ming dynasty
4243:
4235:
4225:
4206:
4196:
4191:) = Kidney (
4177:
4167:
4148:
4138:
4133:) = Spleen (
4113:
4103:
4086:
4079:
4070:
4066:
4064:
4035:
4011:
4005:
3993:
3991:
3980:
3962:gastric acid
3945:
3941:
3940:
3933:
3925:
3923:
3918:
3909:
3897:
3876:
3866:
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3858:
3857:
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3838:
3834:
3828:
3816:
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3804:
3803:
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3758:
3743:) – against
3738:
3725:
3708:
3692:
3686:
3674:
3666:
3665:
3654:
3638:
3631:histological
3621:
3617:
3612:
3609:
3604:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3587:vital energy
3584:
3554:
3548:
3537:
3491:Facial part
3461:Sense organ
3354:green/violet
3296:
3284:
3251:Temperature
3192:
3189:Yin and yang
3183:Yin and yang
3168:
3164:
3160:
3133:
3120:
3112:
3096:vital energy
3089:
3079:
3069:
3051:
3045:
3034:
3025:
3022:
3015:
3009:
3006:Yin and yang
2999:
2996:
2986:
2973:
2960:
2953:
2943:January 2024
2940:
2928:
2901:
2890:
2879:
2872:
2853:
2837:
2818:
2802:–1234), and
2785:Tao Hongjing
2782:
2767:
2757:
2753:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2722:
2712:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2686:
2682:Song dynasty
2675:
2669:
2660:
2647:
2645:
2640:
2630:
2610:
2608:
2591:bloodletting
2580:
2564:
2536:
2530:
2528:
2512:
2507:Nathan Sivin
2505:
2493:
2487:
2484:Yuan dynasty
2468:Ming dynasty
2441:
2437:ancient Rome
2417:
2379:
2373:
2371:
2358:
2339:folk beliefs
2336:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2179:Taigu school
2136:
2135:
2114:Xia teaching
2090:Luo teaching
2068:
2067:
2041:
2040:
2008:
2007:
1986:Confucianism
1979:
1978:
1926:
1805:Wu shamanism
1744:
1743:
1464:Thai massage
1434:Naftalan oil
1307:Blood stasis
1301:
1186:Turbo cancer
1074:ThetaHealing
999:Osteomyology
899:Hypnotherapy
894:Hydrotherapy
800:Ear candling
795:Dry needling
746:Coffee enema
709:Chiropractic
674:Bone-setting
654:Bates method
639:Aromatherapy
478:Kunrei-shiki
243:Southern Min
132:Hanyu Pinyin
74:Chinese name
35:
26:
18645:Naturopathy
18613:Health care
18171:Food safety
18166:Environment
18161:Dust storms
17976:Hepatitis B
17727:Zhang Jiegu
17705:(d. 310 BC)
17658:Gallbladder
17651:Yang organs
17627:Pericardium
17560:Five Phases
17456:Moxibustion
17431:Acupuncture
17004:10665/92455
16941:22 November
16402:23 February
16376:27 December
16320:13 November
16290:13 November
16260:13 November
15914:29 December
15864:"香港执业中医的概况"
15708:15 November
15089:18 December
14921:Colquhoun D
13966:(1): 71–5.
12802:18 February
12428:10 February
12366:7 September
11941:Nature News
11849:18 February
11553:22 February
10567:22 February
10493:14 December
10482:中醫基礎理論-髒腑學說
10458:26 February
10406:13 December
10385:'s Suwen: "
10089:18 February
10039:18 February
9521:(2): 22–37.
8569:"Gushi.tw"
8476:archive.org
8340:18 February
7644:11 December
7229:Zhang Jiegu
7189:Taoist diet
6864:New Zealand
6857:acupuncture
6816:Netherlands
6634:Regulations
6146:Moxibustion
6142:Acupuncture
6126:Shi Zhengli
5885:Han dynasty
5859:Huperzine A
5798:artemisinin
5785:properties.
5764:Huperzine A
5760:Artemisinin
5570:Five Phases
5424:tiger penis
5412:Tan Re Qing
5385:Hippocampus
5357:gill plates
5263:Luo Han Guo
5157:needs more
5053:Diagnostics
4461:Infertility
4250:Pericardium
4220:) = Liver (
4098:) = Heart (
4048:Gallbladder
3966:joint fluid
3699:Actuation (
3540:Five Phases
3435:Gallbladder
3411:Zang Organ
3360:yellow/pink
2854:During the
2830:practices.
2800: 1151
2793:Zhang Jiegu
2787:(456–536),
2774:inoculation
2770:variolation
2733:Inner Canon
2641:Inner Canon
2619:Han dynasty
2605:Han dynasty
2547:five phases
2501:Ian Johnson
2390:acupuncture
2345:theory and
2330:or logical
2318:drawn from
2172:Xuanyuanism
2119:Xiantiandao
2078:De teaching
1990:state rites
1424:Mien Shiang
1342:Moxibustion
1054:Reflexology
979:Oil pulling
974:Naturopathy
914:Jilly Juice
694:Camel urine
664:Black salve
614:Acupuncture
609:Acupressure
574:Antiscience
546:Terminology
410:chung'ŭihak
347:Korean name
18691:Categories
18593:Apothecary
18084:Government
18054:SARS-CoV-2
17971:Fujian flu
17825:Healthcare
17721:Sun Simiao
17610:Yin organs
17141:0300092970
17066:0674018729
16962:: 100003.
16844:041534512X
16688:China File
16462:27 January
16432:27 January
16220:Zorgwijzer
16102:28 January
16072:17 January
15652:7 February
15368:: 581203.
15126:Reply to:
15120:10 January
14925:Novella SP
14743:3 February
14424:: 254582.
14397:10 January
14389:(9): 442.
14055:24 October
12680:: 812179.
12012:7 December
11498:26 January
11176:10 January
10742:7810106805
10679:0520208293
10593:093618535X
10367:9 December
10332:9 December
10297:9 December
10227:6 December
9605:17 January
8880:"About Us"
8799:23 January
8153:Liu (2019)
7710:20 October
7605:30 October
7495:Lei (2014)
7318:References
7179:Sun Simiao
7174:Snake farm
7169:Qiu Li Gao
7129:Li Shizhen
6923:urine test
6769:Kampo list
6564:newspapers
6109:in China.
6002:Actinolite
5657:rheumatism
5622:April 2024
5493:(Ziheche (
5420:deer penis
5389:syngnathid
5365:manta rays
5336:penis bone
5199:newspapers
5136:See also:
5084:leukorrhea
4853:Deficiency
4764:biàn zhèng
4672:Dampness (
4508:treatments
4467:Sun Simiao
4440:Postpartum
4365:Gynecology
4357:obstetrics
4353:gynecology
4162:) = Lung (
3796:A lack of
3671:polysemous
3647:Quackwatch
3357:red/purple
3331:Direction
3311:Phenomenon
3276:damp/moist
3262:Direction
3207:Phenomenon
3153:Yinyangism
2935:) needed..
2897:Xi Jinping
2844:Mao Zedong
2804:Li Shizhen
2789:Sun Simiao
2750:Huangfu Mi
2464:Li Shizhen
2414:Sinosphere
2367:Mao Zedong
2140:and sects:
2083:Jiugongdao
1896:Jiuhuangye
1763:Wen and wu
1522:Heavy legs
1479:Vietnamese
1459:Sri Lankan
1019:Phrenology
1004:Osteopathy
994:Orthopathy
882:Homeopathy
788:Foot detox
684:Breathwork
629:Apitherapy
584:Scientific
579:Skepticism
396:jung'uihak
160:Wade–Giles
18655:Shamanism
18603:Electuary
18397:Kallawaya
18392:Curandero
18181:Pollution
17723:(581–682)
17711:(141–208)
17517:Taijiquan
17477:Meridians
17424:Practices
17219:163502797
17183:Needham J
17097:225622823
16978:198835183
16726:Novella S
16280:nzasa.org
15992:8 January
15966:8 January
15848:28 August
15316:: a3115.
14964:207135491
14864:15 August
14042:205768581
14012:CiteSeerX
13567:7 January
13211:1465-1858
12955:30 August
11951:1 October
11543:256618310
10959:241372790
10688:955120174
10432:8 January
10069:Routledge
9988:concept."
9876:CiteSeerX
9533:"Zou Yan"
9471:1 October
9417:: 65–72.
9204:9 January
9174:174809790
8866:155221420
8760:1756-1833
8744:: m2285.
8100:: 272–79.
7630:Barrett S
7323:Citations
6884:In 2024,
6876:Singapore
6726:Indonesia
6675:Hong Kong
6642:Australia
6594:July 2021
6413:Cupping (
6118:yemingsha
6055:Symphytum
5961:phenytoin
5949:aflatoxin
5944:Curculigo
5871:Ephedrine
5847:to treat
5818:Tu Youyou
5768:Ephedrine
5689:C-peptide
5581:stanching
5400:bear bile
5381:seahorses
5299:seahorses
5287:bile bear
5229:June 2020
4685:Dryness (
4657:Fire/Heat
4572:meridians
4550:异病同治,同病异治
4525:wind-heat
4521:wind-cold
4455:zuo yuezi
4427:Pregnancy
4208:pángguāng
4115:xiaǒcháng
4081:chuán-huà
3733:Defense (
3716:Warming (
3605:functions
3600:meridians
3511:Eye part
3431:Fu Organ
3240:Location
3105:Classical
3100:meridians
2982:cosmology
2956:Hong Kong
2910:Hong Kong
2838:In 1950,
2657:formulary
2555:pathology
2524:dogmatism
2424:meridians
2214:Dongbaism
2197:Benzhuism
1886:Zhongyuan
1875:Festivals
1793:Feng shui
1786:Jingxiang
1775:Practices
1657:Xian ling
1444:Shamanism
1429:Mongolian
1404:Kayakalpa
1379:Curandero
1297:Cambodian
1287:Brazilian
1084:Urophagia
1044:Radionics
949:Mesmerism
909:Iridology
441:Shinjitai
308:thuốc Tàu
305:thuốc Bắc
218:Zung1 ji1
18635:Humorism
18433:Ayurveda
18370:Americas
18332:Saltigue
17981:HIV/AIDS
17938:Diseases
17918:Pharmacy
17900:Medicine
17774:Category
17717:(b. 283)
17703:Bian Que
17470:Concepts
17185:(2000).
17169:(Review)
17130:(2002).
16935:Archived
16891:44443097
16826:26443679
16818:11617269
16782:(1988).
16760:(2008).
16744:14 April
16738:Archived
16694:Archived
16678:Archived
16664:(2021).
16646:Archived
16604:Archived
16529:Archived
16456:Archived
16426:Archived
16396:Archived
16370:Archived
16340:Archived
16314:Archived
16284:Archived
16254:Archived
16230:12 March
16224:Archived
16200:12 March
16194:Archived
16192:. 2020.
16165:12 March
16159:Archived
16096:Archived
16066:Archived
16038:Archived
16018:Archived
15986:Archived
15960:Archived
15892:Archived
15868:Archived
15842:Archived
15822:31 March
15816:Archived
15793:31 March
15787:Archived
15758:Archived
15702:Archived
15672:Archived
15646:Archived
15592:22026323
15548:19708471
15481:34148480
15453:(2019).
15437:20205666
15429:21440191
15394:23573135
15340:19174438
15268:Ernst EE
15250:20229280
15201:21513259
15193:21359919
15158:32788662
15150:22960463
15114:Archived
15083:Archived
15058:22965186
15001:Archived
14968:Archived
14956:23709076
14858:Archived
14828:Archived
14802:Archived
14780:33123537
14737:Archived
14711:Archived
14699:16195424
14649:32060933
14600:24278360
14560:PLOS ONE
14541:22650085
14533:22736625
14498:18603664
14469:Archived
14450:22888198
14391:Archived
14364:23185404
14324:PLOS ONE
14302:43878555
14294:14530621
14216:Archived
14191:29077682
14183:12190885
14142:21341339
14099:21892916
14046:Archived
14034:20412155
13922:(2004).
13920:Bensky D
13898:Archived
13827:24086396
13787:PLOS ONE
13735:23645104
13686:Archived
13664:37901416
13656:20578122
13618:22855752
13561:Archived
13540:21907397
13488:20927750
13457:20464731
13408:16034917
13359:17569218
13309:18425916
13278:20423209
13229:21901702
13172:21735427
13127:21419078
13092:22592734
13057:23076910
13008:23898296
12949:Archived
12945:24018636
12936:10639001
12896:35688209
12888:24209508
12853:23728585
12796:Archived
12765:21633698
12725:PLOS ONE
12706:24223063
12645:Archived
12589:29 April
12583:Archived
12471:Archived
12446:Archived
12422:Archived
12398:27 March
12392:Archived
12360:Archived
12329:Archived
12305:16 March
12299:Archived
12273:Archived
12232:16 March
12226:Archived
12222:BBC News
12192:Archived
12170:22538598
12108:Archived
12073:Archived
12037:Archived
12033:101 East
12006:Archived
11988:86821249
11945:Archived
11901:25 March
11895:Archived
11871:Archived
11843:Archived
11812:12801499
11766:Archived
11740:Archived
11645:Archived
11625:11717980
11586:Archived
11547:Archived
11492:Archived
11470:37920910
11462:21651523
11412:29 April
11406:Archived
11295:22 March
11289:Archived
11258:24595780
11170:Archived
11113:Archived
11065:Archived
11029:13414474
10638:Archived
10602:46812372
10395:略論臟腑表裏關係
10361:Archived
10326:Archived
10291:Archived
10250:Archived
10221:Archived
10178:22052509
10170:16420542
10127:18240287
10083:Archived
10033:Archived
9916:Archived
9894:Archived
9754:Archived
9628:Archived
9599:archived
9566:Archived
9541:Archived
9511:Bannon D
9495:Archived
9465:Archived
9443:24858904
9392:21077025
9327:17410143
9278:22924383
9237:21 April
9231:Archived
9166:31165792
9073:17602184
8952:Archived
8919:Archived
8888:Archived
8793:Archived
8768:32518070
8711:29189784
8654:22190085
8576:gushi.tw
8502:16 April
8496:Archived
8453:Archived
8398:Archived
8334:Archived
8076:Liao Y,
7945:Peng B,
7892:Archived
7854:16787890
7704:Archived
7680:14 April
7674:Archived
7638:Archived
7599:Archived
7555:30 April
7438:17625521
7375:32198544
6971:See also
6961:Oklahoma
6807:Malaysia
6756:Seirogan
6383:Jinggong
6377:Donggong
6331:Qìgōng (
6305:Tui na (
6219:Efficacy
6213:filiform
6122:zoonosis
6010:litharge
5998:cinnabar
5973:Aconitum
5900:Japanese
5875:má huáng
5853:Trisenox
5724:effects.
5718:curcumin
5713:Turmeric
5593:Efficacy
5444:tortoise
5353:plastron
5349:pangolin
5332:scorpion
5267:plastron
4984:]).
4805:Interior
4789:Exterior
4740:tinnitus
4556:Patterns
4287:jīng-luò
4256:Jing-luo
4060:San Jiao
4034:– while
3613:concepts
3371:Climate
3265:downward
3246:outside
3165:yin-yang
3031:Critique
2933:Cap. 549
2778:smallpox
2692:Bian Que
2674:and the
2571:oracular
2545:and the
2543:yin–yang
2535:and the
2343:literati
2314:) is an
1891:Zhongqiu
1881:Qingming
1781:Fenxiang
1623:Concepts
1594:a series
1591:Part of
1414:Japanese
1357:San Jiao
1337:Meridian
1265:Ayurveda
1104:Vitalism
669:Bodywork
558:Quackery
505:a series
427:Hiragana
212:Jyutping
146:Bopomofo
18660:Theriac
18583:Alchemy
18560:Oceania
18458:Ancient
18225:Studies
18201:Smoking
18191:Poverty
18149:Related
18013:Obesity
18003:Leprosy
17715:Ge Hong
17709:Hua Tuo
17673:Stomach
17189:(ed.).
17187:Sivin N
17019:1 April
16810:2056359
16758:Ernst E
16754:Singh S
16652:11 June
16610:11 July
16535:11 June
16502:Sources
16346:5 April
15724:"CTCMA"
15451:Ernst E
15385:3616356
15331:2769056
15264:Singh S
15241:2989199
15049:3658605
15007:4 March
14808:4 March
14707:2971923
14677:Bibcode
14669:Science
14640:7165814
14591:3838343
14568:Bibcode
14441:3408718
14355:3504157
14332:Bibcode
14259:3075674
14122:Bibcode
13982:8779214
13973:1303306
13904:7 March
13818:3781107
13795:Bibcode
13760:: 1–7.
13609:3414557
13531:3414217
13448:6718232
13399:8759069
13269:3110829
13220:6486159
13163:3402023
13048:6993561
12999:3722488
12844:3739225
12756:3102106
12733:Bibcode
12697:3816048
12148:Bibcode
12004:. PBS.
11943:. BBC.
11772:6 March
11746:6 March
11704:9240055
11695:2127090
11592:10 June
11442:Bibcode
11249:4036643
10256:4 April
10135:7001749
9890:6336033
9844:, p. 26
9547:1 March
9434:7110807
9305:Bibcode
9144:Bibcode
8958:1 March
8894:1 March
8719:4464138
8689:Bibcode
8632:Bibcode
8459:14 July
8404:14 July
8063:6998524
7898:7 March
7862:8301501
7700:Reuters
7529:28 June
7480:28 June
7416:Bibcode
7366:7253514
7164:Qingdai
7124:Hua Tuo
6965:Wyoming
6945:Alabama
6679:During
6578:scholar
6450:Gua sha
6445:Gua sha
6437:Gua sha
6431:Gua sha
6425:suction
6395:Cupping
6371:Waigong
6364:Neigong
6313:shiatsu
6194:mugwort
6189:zhēnjiǔ
6098:Ephedra
6049:Senecio
6037:synonym
5994:realgar
5826:Ge Hong
5693:insulin
5648:A 2013
5612:updated
5515:excreta
5328:leeches
5259:ginseng
5255:Lingzhi
5213:scholar
5178:removed
5061:望,聞,問,切
5031:qī qíng
5014:sān yīn
4869:, xuě,
4774:bā gāng
4610:liù xié
4600:liù yín
4373:Jia Ren
4185:Water (
4179:dàcháng
4156:Metal (
4127:Earth (
4056:Stomach
3976:, etc.
3710:tuīdòng
3544:zàng-fǔ
3455:Bladder
3445:Stomach
3426:Kidney
3383:dryness
3351:Colour
3268:upward
3229:Gender
2929:updated
2886:patents
2869:, China
2867:Nanjing
2758:Maijing
2694:in the
2688:Nanjing
2587:lancing
2551:anatomy
2482:1340s,
2398:gua sha
2359:Zhongyi
2202:Bimoism
2048:Mazuism
1798:Miaohui
1756:Zhenren
1688:Baoying
1681:Yuanfen
1676:Mingyun
1664:Yinyang
1633:Shangdi
1469:Tibetan
1449:Shiatsu
1394:Iranian
1374:Chumash
1367:Zang-fu
1332:Long gu
1322:Gua sha
1302:Chinese
1248:African
1064:Rolfing
541:History
319:Hán-Nôm
273:Tiong-i
259:Tiong-i
250:Hokkien
204:Jūng yī
166:Chung-i
138:Zhōngyī
62:Guangxi
58:Nanning
18529:Europe
18475:Ramuan
18327:Nganga
18305:Africa
18073:(2022)
18067:(2021)
18061:(2020)
18050:(2003)
18028:Stroke
17833:Health
17642:Spleen
17622:Kidney
17512:Waijia
17507:Neijia
17502:Daojia
17497:Paozhi
17492:Waidan
17487:Neidan
17461:Qigong
17342:
17319:
17300:
17281:
17262:
17217:
17207:
17157:
17138:
17112:
17095:
17063:
17044:
17010:
16976:
16927:
16906:
16889:
16862:
16841:
16824:
16816:
16808:
16768:
16714:
16676:(17).
16638:
16596:
16571:
16552:
16521:
16488:8 July
16246:"Home"
16138:14 May
15940:1 June
15874:1 June
15764:4 June
15734:25 May
15678:17 May
15624:
15590:
15546:
15502:
15479:
15469:
15435:
15427:
15392:
15382:
15338:
15328:
15284:
15248:
15238:
15199:
15191:
15156:
15148:
15056:
15046:
14977:3 June
14962:
14954:
14891:
14834:17 May
14778:
14768:
14717:17 May
14705:
14697:
14647:
14637:
14598:
14588:
14539:
14531:
14496:
14448:
14438:
14362:
14352:
14300:
14292:
14257:
14222:17 May
14189:
14181:
14140:
14097:
14040:
14032:
14014:
13980:
13970:
13934:
13873:
13848:
13825:
13815:
13733:
13692:21 May
13662:
13654:
13616:
13606:
13538:
13528:
13486:
13455:
13445:
13406:
13396:
13357:
13347:
13307:
13276:
13266:
13227:
13217:
13209:
13170:
13160:
13125:
13090:
13055:
13045:
13006:
12996:
12982:: 92.
12943:
12933:
12894:
12886:
12851:
12841:
12788:
12763:
12753:
12704:
12694:
12655:
12540:
12507:
12335:3 June
12279:16 May
12265:
12168:
12140:Nature
12079:3 June
11986:
11835:
11810:
11702:
11692:
11655:
11623:
11578:
11541:
11531:
11468:
11460:
11384:
11340:
11301:p. 159
11281:
11256:
11246:
11209:
11123:
11075:
11027:
11021:565536
11019:
10957:
10947:
10917:
10888:御纂醫宗金鑑
10839:649292
10837:
10791:
10766:
10739:
10714:
10686:
10676:
10600:
10590:
10176:
10168:
10133:
10125:
10075:
10025:
9983:
9963:
9888:
9878:
9840:
9821:
9764:
9638:
9576:
9441:
9431:
9390:
9325:
9297:Nature
9276:
9172:
9164:
9136:Nature
9071:
8925:6 July
8864:
8827:
8820:廣角鏡出版社
8788:Caixin
8766:
8758:
8717:
8709:
8681:Nature
8662:600909
8660:
8652:
8624:Nature
8601:
8445:
8438:哈尔滨出版社
8363:
8326:
8180:
8136:
8132:–215.
8091:自然科學研究
8061:
8032:
7998:
7966:
7928:
7860:
7852:
7591:
7436:
7408:Nature
7373:
7363:
7307:yuánqì
7289:zhēnqì
7271:yuánqì
6963:, and
6949:Kansas
6917:, and
6911:X-rays
6896:Taiwan
6651:Canada
6580:
6573:
6566:
6559:
6551:
6495:trauma
6487:Dit Da
6477:Diē-dǎ
6472:Die-da
6466:Die-da
6459:guāshā
6420:báguàn
6327:Qigong
6320:Qigong
6301:Tui na
6287:Tui na
6227:, and
6070:, and
6006:galena
5963:, and
5928:Safety
5791:Nature
5766:, and
5736:angina
5667:doses.
5585:stasis
5565:wǔ wèi
5489:Dried
5460:biejia
5452:guiban
5361:mobula
5330:, and
5297:Dried
5215:
5208:
5201:
5194:
5186:
5080:menses
4877:Excess
4643:Cold (
4630:Wind (
4620:liù qì
4377:Ju Jia
4214:Wood (
4092:Fire (
4032:Kidney
4024:Spleen
4007:zàngfǔ
3994:zangfu
3988:Zangfu
3981:Zangfu
3958:saliva
3954:sputum
3911:xiě xū
3830:yíngqì
3817:yingqi
3740:fángyù
3556:dà shū
3526:sclera
3470:tongue
3420:Spleen
3406:salty
3397:bitter
3391:Taste
3366:black
3346:North
3340:Centre
3326:Water
3243:inside
3232:female
3169:wuxing
3157:Daoism
3148:qigong
3142:tui na
3053:Nature
3017:Wuxing
2903:Caixin
2727:. The
2627:cosmos
2597:along
2595:points
2131:Qigong
1996:Taoism
1906:Duanwu
1705:Theory
1669:Hundun
1537:PANDAS
1454:Siddha
1419:Korean
1362:Tui na
1317:Dit da
984:Orgone
353:Hangul
328:醫學古傳中國
302:Đông y
267:Tâi-lô
18576:Other
18470:Kampo
18448:Hilot
18018:Opium
17632:Liver
17617:Heart
17583:Water
17578:Metal
17568:Earth
17334:[
17093:S2CID
17083:(7).
16974:S2CID
16887:JSTOR
16822:S2CID
16806:JSTOR
16132:(PDF)
16121:(PDF)
16021:(PDF)
16014:(PDF)
15566:(PDF)
15524:(PDF)
15477:S2CID
15433:S2CID
15197:S2CID
15154:S2CID
14971:(PDF)
14960:S2CID
14932:(PDF)
14703:S2CID
14537:S2CID
14298:S2CID
14187:S2CID
14049:(PDF)
14038:S2CID
14000:(PDF)
13660:S2CID
12892:S2CID
12198:1 May
12043:6 May
11984:S2CID
11539:S2CID
11466:S2CID
11378:53–54
11025:S2CID
10987:Yi'an
10955:S2CID
10915:JSTOR
10835:JSTOR
10174:S2CID
10131:S2CID
9897:(PDF)
9886:S2CID
9874:(1).
9864:(PDF)
9170:S2CID
9047:(PDF)
8862:S2CID
8715:S2CID
8658:S2CID
8432:神农本草经
7958:[
7887:Slate
7858:S2CID
7236:Notes
6919:blood
6778:Korea
6765:Kampo
6746:Japan
6702:Macau
6585:JSTOR
6571:books
6485:) or
6357:Forms
6253:noise
6114:guano
6086:herb
5544:sì qì
5469:ejiao
5220:JSTOR
5206:books
5045:chóng
4913:气血辩证,
4567:zhèng
4067:zang'
4020:Liver
4016:Heart
3974:urine
3970:sweat
3950:tears
3946:jinye
3942:Jinye
3935:jīnyè
3926:jinye
3919:Jinye
3852:weìqì
3839:weiqi
3790:jinye
3777:qìhuà
3760:gùshè
3727:wēnxù
3669:is a
3531:pupil
3475:mouth
3417:Heart
3414:Liver
3403:acrid
3400:sweet
3386:cold
3363:white
3337:South
3323:Metal
3320:Earth
3235:male
3213:Yang
2882:CNIPA
2745:針灸甲乙經
2661:zheng
2575:bones
1474:Unani
1409:Kambo
1389:Hilot
1270:Dosha
820:Reiki
484:Kanpô
470:Kanpō
367:Hanja
152:ㄓㄨㄥ ㄧ
66:China
18465:Jamu
18426:Asia
18322:Muti
17637:Lung
17588:Wood
17573:Fire
17550:Shen
17545:Jing
17340:ISBN
17317:ISBN
17298:ISBN
17279:ISBN
17260:ISBN
17232:Aeon
17215:OCLC
17205:ISBN
17155:ISBN
17136:ISBN
17110:ISBN
17061:ISBN
17042:ISBN
17021:2023
17008:ISBN
16943:2020
16925:ISBN
16904:ISBN
16860:ISBN
16839:ISBN
16814:PMID
16766:ISBN
16746:2014
16712:ISBN
16654:2021
16636:ISBN
16612:2021
16594:ISBN
16569:ISBN
16550:ISBN
16537:2021
16519:ISBN
16490:2012
16464:2023
16434:2023
16404:2024
16378:2023
16348:2013
16322:2020
16292:2020
16262:2020
16232:2020
16202:2020
16167:2020
16140:2019
16104:2023
16074:2024
15994:2022
15968:2022
15942:2021
15916:2023
15876:2021
15850:2018
15824:2020
15795:2020
15766:2014
15736:2013
15710:2019
15680:2011
15654:2018
15622:ISBN
15588:PMID
15544:PMID
15500:ISBN
15467:ISBN
15425:PMID
15409:Pain
15390:PMID
15366:2013
15336:PMID
15282:ISBN
15246:PMID
15189:PMID
15146:PMID
15122:2022
15091:2016
15054:PMID
15009:2018
14979:2020
14952:PMID
14889:ISBN
14866:2013
14836:2011
14810:2018
14776:OCLC
14766:ISBN
14745:2007
14719:2022
14695:PMID
14645:PMID
14596:PMID
14529:PMID
14494:PMID
14446:PMID
14422:2012
14399:2022
14383:BCMJ
14360:PMID
14290:PMID
14255:PMID
14224:2011
14179:PMID
14138:PMID
14095:PMID
14057:2017
14030:PMID
13978:PMID
13932:ISBN
13906:2011
13871:ISBN
13846:ISBN
13823:PMID
13731:PMID
13694:2020
13652:PMID
13614:PMID
13569:2014
13536:PMID
13510:Cell
13484:PMID
13453:PMID
13431:2010
13404:PMID
13382:2010
13355:PMID
13345:ISBN
13305:PMID
13274:PMID
13225:PMID
13207:ISSN
13195:2011
13168:PMID
13123:PMID
13088:PMID
13053:PMID
13004:PMID
12957:2017
12941:PMID
12884:PMID
12849:PMID
12804:2016
12786:ISBN
12761:PMID
12702:PMID
12678:2013
12653:ISBN
12591:2014
12538:ISBN
12505:ISBN
12479:2017
12430:2013
12400:2014
12368:2020
12337:2020
12307:2009
12281:2020
12263:ISBN
12234:2009
12200:2020
12166:PMID
12116:2017
12081:2020
12045:2013
12014:2009
11953:2016
11903:2016
11851:2016
11833:ISBN
11808:PMID
11774:2011
11748:2011
11700:PMID
11653:ISBN
11621:PMID
11594:2011
11576:ISBN
11555:2023
11529:ISBN
11500:2017
11458:PMID
11414:2014
11382:ISBN
11338:ISBN
11297:2011
11279:ISBN
11254:PMID
11228:JAMA
11207:ISBN
11178:2022
11121:ISBN
11073:ISBN
11017:PMID
10945:ISBN
10789:ISBN
10764:ISBN
10737:ISBN
10712:ISBN
10684:OCLC
10674:ISBN
10598:OCLC
10588:ISBN
10569:2011
10495:2010
10460:2011
10434:2011
10408:2010
10369:2010
10334:2010
10299:2010
10258:2011
10229:2010
10166:PMID
10123:PMID
10091:2016
10073:ISBN
10041:2016
10023:ISBN
9981:ISBN
9961:ISBN
9838:ISBN
9819:ISBN
9762:ISBN
9636:ISBN
9607:2020
9574:ISBN
9549:2011
9473:2016
9439:PMID
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