Chinese name - Knowledge

1590:) are acquired in much the same way they are in other countries. Not everyone has one. Most that do received theirs in childhood or adolescence from family or friends. Common Chinese nicknames are those based on a person's physical attributes, speaking style, or behavior. Names involving animals are common, although those animals may be associated with different attributes than they are in English: for example, Chinese cows are strong, not stupid; foxes are devious, not clever; pigs are lazy, but not dirty. Similarly, nicknames that might seem especially insulting in English—such as "Little Fatty" ( 2810: 2796: 2824: 2096:(old) does not carry disrespect, offense or any negative implications even if it is used to refer to an older woman. Despite this, it is advisable for non-Chinese to avoid calling a person xiǎo-something or lǎo-something unless they are so-called by other Chinese people and it is clear that the appellation is acceptable and widely used. Otherwise, the use of the person's full name, or alternatively, their surname followed by 2153:; 'Teacher Li'), and commonly by others as a mark of respect. Where applicable, "Teacher Surname" is considered more respectful than "Mr/Mrs/Miss Surname" in Chinese. A professor is also commonly addressed as "teacher", though "professor" is also accepted as a respectful title. By extension, a junior or less experienced member of a work place or profession would address a more senior member as "Teacher". 1119:. Taiwan officially adopted Hanyu Pinyin as one of their romanisation schemes in 2009, although it continues to allow its citizens to use other romanisations on official documents such as passports, of which Hanyu Pinyin remains unpopular. The system is easily identified by its frequent use of letters uncommon in English, such as "q", "x", and "z"; when tones are included, they are noted via 43: 1562:"little") or doubled characters—before a formal name is settled upon, often in consultation with the grandparents. The milk name may be abandoned but is often continued as a form of familial nickname. A tradition sometimes attached to the milk name is to select an unpleasant name, to ward off demons who might wish to harm the child. 323:) which may be either one or two characters in length. In recent decades, two-character given names are much more commonly chosen; studies during the 2000s and 2010s estimated that over three-quarters of China's population at the time had two-character given names, with the remainder almost exclusively having one character. 743:, there are at least 106,000 individual Chinese characters, but as of 2006, in the People's Republic of China Public Security Bureau only approximately 32,000 are supported for computer input and even fewer are in common use. Given names are chosen based on a range of factors, including possession of pleasing sound and 2066:). Personal names can be used when referring to adult friends or to children, although, unlike in the West, referring to somebody by their full name (including surname) is common even among friends, especially if the person's full name is only composed of two or three syllables. It is common to refer to a person as 717:, though the marriage law explicitly states that a child may use either parent's surname. It is also possible, though far less common, for a child to combine both parents' surnames. Due to Western influence, the tradition of a woman changing her last name, or prepending her husband's to her own, is reflected in some 2220:

Beginning in at least 2003, the PRC government has been writing a list of standardized characters for everyday usage in life, which would be the pool of characters to select from when a child is given his or her name. Originally the limits were to go in place in 2005. In April 2009, the list had been

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Whereas titles in many cultures are commonly solely determined by gender and, in some cases, marital status, the occupation or even work title of a person can be used as a title as a sign of respect in common address in Chinese culture. Because of the prestigious position of a teacher in traditional

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have English given names as part of their legal names; a further 38.3% of Hongkongers go by English given names even though those are not part of their legal names; the two figures add up to a total of 64.1% of Hongkongers having English names, according to a survey of 2049 respondents in 2015. More

1184:) and by its use of hyphens to connect the syllables of words containing more than one character. Correct reading depends on the inclusion of superscript numbers and the use of apostrophes to distinguish between different consonants, but in practice both of these are commonly omitted. In Wade–Giles, 2228:

linguistics scholar, said that "Using obscure names to avoid duplication of names or to be unique is not good. Now a lot of people are perplexed by their names. The computer cannot even recognize them and people cannot read them. This has become an obstacle in communication." Zhou Youyong, the dean

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For example, English spelling of the Chinese first name Ming has many different associated Chinese characters, all of which have different meanings. Therefore, when the name is written in Chinese, a person called Ming can have a completely different name from another person who is also called Ming.

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Because the small number of Chinese surnames leads to confusion in social environments, and because some Chinese parents have a desire to give individuality, some Chinese have received unusual given names. As of April 2009, about 60 million Chinese people have unusual characters in their names. A

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Within families, it is often considered inappropriate or even offensive to use the given names of relatives who are senior to the speaker. Instead, it is more customary to identify each family member by abstract hierarchical connections: among siblings, gender and birth order (big sister, second

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due to decades of regulation and acculturation. Conversely, the usage of these Indonesian-sounding Chinese names are not restricted for surnames, and many are used liberally between other surnames since many Indonesian Chinese did not keep track their Chinese (sur)names anymore, and even used by

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stated that of about 55,000 Chinese characters used in the People's Republic of China, only 32,232 of those are supported by the ministry's computers. The PRC government has asked individuals with unusual names to change them so they can get new computer-readable public identity cards, and the

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Depending on the region and particular family, daughters were not entered into the family records and thus did not share the boys' generation name, although they may have borne a separate one among themselves. Even where generation names are not used, sibling names are frequently related. For

1656:, China's college entrance examination. Many Chinese teenagers thus acquire Western names, commonly of English origin, which they may keep and use as nicknames even in Chinese-language contexts. Chinese may adopt English names for a variety of reasons, including foreigners' difficulty with 364:

figures—particularly emperors—used a half-dozen or more different names in different contexts and for different speakers. Those possessing names (sometimes even mere homophones) identical to the emperor's were frequently forced to change them. The normalization of personal names after the

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regulating who may or may not use a person's given name (without being disrespectful). In general, using the given name connoted the speaker's authority and superior position to the addressee. Peers and younger relatives were barred from speaking it. Owing to this, many historical Chinese

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that among adults it is disrespectful to be addressed by one's given name by others within the same generation. The true given name was reserved for the use of one's elders, while the courtesy name was employed by peers on formal occasions and in writing. The practice was decried by the

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The hierarchical titles of junior relatives are seldom used except in formal situations, or as indirect reference when speaking to family members who are even younger than the person in question. Children can be called by their given names, or their parents may use their nicknames.

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tend to place the English name last to organize lists of names and databases more easily, similar to the Western practice of organizing names with the last name first followed by a comma ("Smith, John"). In Singapore, there is an option to include the Chinese characters on one's

1147:", not "Si Ma Qian" or "Si Maqian". However, as the Chinese language makes almost no use of spaces, native speakers often do not know these rules and simply put a space between each Chinese character of their name, causing those used to alphabetical languages to think of the 849:, it is very uncommon in China to name a child directly after a relative, since such children would permit junior family members to inappropriately use the personal names of senior ones. Ancestors can leave a different kind of mark: Chinese naming schemes often employ a 809:

Given names resonant of qualities which are perceived to be either masculine or feminine are frequently given, with males being linked with strength and firmness and females with beauty and flowers. It is also more common for female names to employ diminutives like

2139:) if they were of senior classes, or simply to show respect or closeness. The opposite (e.g. younger brother Zhao) is rarely used. This custom spawns from traditional forms of respectful address, where it was considered rude to directly address your seniors. 2385:

gets complicated when one has a legal English given name. For example, a person who has Kuo as his surname, Chi Yung as his Cantonese given name, and Peter as his legal English given name would have his name rendered as "KUO, Chi Yung Peter" on his

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Unlike mainland Chinese, Taiwanese people usually place a dash between the two characters of the given name, similar to Korean names. This is also the case for the standard styling of Hong Kong Chinese names, where the given name is hyphenated.

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as "Wáng Xiùyīng" or without as "Wang Xiuying", but should not be written as "Wang Xiu Ying", "Wang XiuYing", "Wangxiuying", and so on. In the rare cases where a surname consists of more than one character, it too should be written as a unit:

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Among Chinese diaspora residing in Western countries, it is becoming common practice for parents to give their children a Western name as their official first name, with the Chinese given name being officially recorded as a middle name.

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practices. In creating a new Chinese name, it is sometimes the practice to analyze the number of strokes in the characters used in the potential name and attempt to use characters that produce specific totals of strokes.

2092:). Xiǎo is also frequently used as a diminutive, when it is typically paired with the second or only character in a person's name, rather than the surname. Because old people are well respected in Chinese society, 932:

performers: all the students entering a training academy in the same year would adopt the same first character in their new "given name". For example, as part of the class entering the National Drama School in 1933,

1080:; "Olympics") also appear. Owing to both effects, there has also been a recent trend in China to hire fortune tellers to change people's names to new ones more in accordance with traditional Taoist and 2365:

For mainland Chinese, Western publications usually preserve the Chinese naming order, with the family name first, followed by the given name. This presentation of Chinese-character names is similar to those of

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system since 1958. Although experiments with the complete conversion of Chinese to the Pinyin alphabet failed, it remains in common use and has become the transcription system of the United Nations and the

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A traditional practice, now largely supplanted, was choosing deliberately unpleasant given names to ward off bad omens and evil spirits. For example, a boy facing a serious illness might be renamed Ti-sái

2174:. Should the person being addressed be the head of a company (or simply the middle manager of another company to whom you would like to show respect), one might equally address them by the title "zǒng" ( 1704:

in either format on their identity cards. In general use, the English name first version is typically preferred as it keeps the correct order for both systems; however, for administrative purposes, the

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are created by modifying normal English names – either by deleting, inserting or substituting specific letters (e.g. Kith, Sonija, Garbie), or by emulating the phonetic sounds of the Chinese name (e.g.

853:. Every child recorded into the family records in each generation would share an identical character in their names. Sixteen, thirty-two, or more generations would be worked out in advance to form a 2332:) to the last syllable of a person's name. Although these names are rarely used in formal contexts, there are a few public figures who are well known by their nicknames, including former president 1685:

from Lee Hak-kan. English aliases are widely used at schools, at work, and in social circles. This is probably due to the influence from the prolonged British rule of Hong Kong from 1841 to 1997.

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may be chosen for each character's separate meaning and qualities, but the name remains a single unit which is almost always said together even when the combination no longer 'means' anything.

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dynasties, emperors had largely dispensed with the practice and kept a single era name during their reign, such that it is customary to refer to Ming and Qing emperors by their era names.

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The total number of strokes of the zhōng gé should equal 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 23, 25, 29, 31, 32, 33, 37, 39, 45, 47, 48, 52, 63, 65, 67, 68, 73, or 81.

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Traditionally, a married woman keeps her name unchanged, without adopting her husband's surname. A child would inherit his or her father's surname. This is still the norm in

3557: 1861:) were self-selected alternative courtesy names, most commonly three or four characters long. They may have originated from too many people having the same courtesy name. 774:

was short-lived, the law was not repealed until 400 years later, when northern invasions and interest in establishing lineages revived interest in such longer names. The

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and better integration of people working in foreign enterprises. Established English names chosen by Chinese may also be those rarely used by native English speakers.

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law school, argued that the ability to choose the name of one's children is a fundamental right, so the PRC government should be careful when making new naming laws.

1813:) either from one's parents, a teacher, or self-selection. The name commonly mirrored the meaning of one's given name or displayed his birth order within his family. 1316:

out of respect and fear. As a result, the upper classes of traditional Chinese culture typically employed a variety of names over the course of their lives, and the

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While the vast majority of Han Chinese names consist of two or three characters, there are some Han Chinese with longer names, up to 15 characters. In addition,

2278:. The popularity distribution of family names in Taiwan as a whole differs somewhat from the distribution of names among all Han Chinese, with the family name 1251:

It is common for many different Chinese names to have the same transliteration when tone is not marked (and therefore come from different Chinese characters).

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When discussing Chinese writers, Chinese and Japanese scholars do not consistently use particular names, whether they are private names or alternative names.

1192:, as the system hyphenates names between the characters. For example, Wang Xiuying and Sima Qian are written in Wade as "Wang Hsiu-ying" and "SsuMa Ch'ien". 920:

This scheme was in its fourteenth generation when Mao rejected it for the naming of his own children, preferring to give his sons the generational name An (

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might be varied as "KUO Chi Yung Peter" or "KUO Chi Yung, Peter" on court papers. His name is much more likely to be printed as Peter Kuo Chi-yung (with a

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means treating the surname and given name as precisely two separate words with no spaces between the letters of multiple Chinese characters. For example, "

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For Hong Kong Chinese names, our preferred style is: Peter Tai-man Chan or Peter T. M. Chan. If personal preferences are known, they should be retained.

3418: 3850:"Chinese mainland given names are one word only, as in (Deng) Xiaoping. Hong Kong Chinese and Korean given names are hyphenated, as in (Roh) Tae-woo. " 3259: 2305:"Pig Shit") to indicate to the evil spirits that he was not worth their trouble. Similarly, a girl from a poor family might have the name Bóng-chī ( 1696:, it is equally acceptable for Western names to appear before or after the Chinese given name, in Latin characters. Thus, the Singaporean President 334:) by which they were known among those outside their family and closest friends. Respected artists or poets will sometimes also use a professional 5099: 3535: 2837: 1521: 4767: 4690: 3903: 4979: 4511: 2271: 2249: 1116: 758:

Today, two-character names are more common and make up more than 80% of Chinese names. However, this custom has been consistent only since the

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It is also considered bad form to name a child after a famous person, although tens of thousands might happen to share a common name such as "

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Given names show much greater diversity than the surnames, while still being restricted almost universally to one or two syllables. Including

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has generally eradicated aliases such as the school name and courtesy name but traces of the old taboos remain, particularly within families.

4589: 2225: 3851: 3813: 3661: 3115: 1896:) were honorary names selected after a person's death, used extensively for royalty. The common "names" of most Chinese emperors before the 2010:

as means of dispensing with bad luck and attracting better. Almost all era names were literary and employed exactly two characters. By the

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Within school settings and when addressing former classmates, it is common to refer to them as older siblings, e.g. elder brother Zhao (

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often differed from his posthumous name. The structure eventually became highly restricted, consisting of a single adjective and either

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In our sample, the first names of 53779 (24.25%) persons contain only one character and the others (167960, 75.75%) have two characters

3281: 1706: 2754:) to pronounce the Chinese characters. Local readings are often written in katakana rather than kanji, but not always. For example, 2027:

sister, and so on); for the extended family, the manner of relationship (by birth or marriage; from the maternal or paternal side).

4042: 3369: 2178:), which means "general" or "overall", and is the first character of titles such as "Director General" or "general manager" (e.g. 1207:

communities in southeast Asia and abroad, people often romanize their names according to their own native language, for example,

3877: 3768:"Transfers from the Labour Tribunal and Procedural Problems in the Supreme Court - Dataprep (H.K.) Ltd. v. Peter Kuo Chi-yung". 2156:

Similarly, engineers are often addressed as such, though often shortened to simply the first character of the word "engineer" –

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did not originate from families, but denoted fiefs, states, and titles granted or recognized by the Shang court. Apart from the

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with one another, but actually consist of many different lineages gathered under a single name. As an example, the surname

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and a single given name, the western name order may add to the complication of confusing the surname and the given name.

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Current naming practices are more straightforward and consistent, but a few pseudonyms or alternate names remain common.

539:", and a mere hundred surnames still make up over 85% of China's 1.3 billion citizens. In fact, just the top three— 5035: 4937: 3285: 2374:, which are usually reversed in English so they are family name last. For people with just a single given name or with 2258:

family names in Taiwan are similar to those in southeast China, as most families trace their origins to places such as

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English is taught throughout China's secondary schools and the English language section is a required component of the

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grant the parents a month before requiring the baby to be registered. Upon birth, the parents often use a "milk name" (

1081: 483:), and the modern concept of a "surname" or "family name" did not yet exist at any level of society. The old lineage ( 2034:

When speaking of non-family social acquaintances, people are generally referred to by a title, for example Mother Li (

3739: 3603: 3352: 3225: 2286:) being particularly more common (about 11% in Taiwan, compared to about 3% in China). Local variations also exist. 1243:. It is common practice for the Chinese diaspora communities to use spaces in between each character of their name. 5645: 5521: 5368: 495:) began to become "family names" in the modern sense and trickle down to commoners around 500 BC, during the late 5437: 2925: 2188:), or, if they are slightly lower down on the corporate hierarchy but nonetheless a manager, by affixing Jīnglǐ ( 1700:

might see his name written as "Tony Tan Keng Yam" or "Tan Keng Yam Tony". Individuals are free to register their

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is mostly restricted to minority groups. The most common compound surname still in use in ethnic Han families is

3984: 2213: 2035: 197: 5655: 5084: 5071: 4652: 1309: 296:, but they would be spelled differently due to their varying historical pronunciation of Chinese characters. 232: 3694: 4788: 4415: 4367: 4035: 1923: 1321: 958: 3249: 4893: 4093: 2734:

In the Japanese language, Chinese names can be pronounced either approximating the original Chinese, the

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More recently, although generation names have become less common, many personal names reflect periods of

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for usage). Nicknames are rarely used in formal or semi-formal settings, although a famous exception is

5182: 4443: 4164: 3980: 3824: 3591: 1730: 740: 4014: 822:. People from the countryside previously often bore names that reflect rural life—for example, Daniu ( 5791: 5625: 5494: 3899: 2375: 1987: 1943: 1317: 1299: 2997: 1864:

Some—but by no means most—authors do continue to employ stylized pen names. One example is the poet

5596: 5452: 4989: 4278: 3976: 3614:. "Chinese and Japanese scholars are not consistent in using the various names of Chinese writers." 3457: 969: 572: 496: 1904:—are their posthumous ones. In addition to emperors, successful courtiers and politicians such as 1594:)—are more acceptable in Chinese. One especially common method of creating nicknames is prefixing 5801: 5765: 5335: 4028: 3907: 3828: 3652: 3107: 2714: 2387: 1104: 1098: 1027: 536: 4667: 5786: 5353: 5262: 5029: 4900: 4757: 4386: 3074: 1236: 289: 3787: 3215: 1235:, and so forth. In Macau, Chinese names are similarly sometimes still transliterated based on 5104: 4149: 3595: 3343: 3307: 3189: 3142: 2217:

diversity prevents them from receiving new identity cards if they do not change their names.

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or doubled characters in their formal names, although there are famous male examples such as

695: 567:)—cover more than 20% of the population. This homogeneity results from the great majority of 2722:

by the family name with no inversion and no comma, unless it is of a Chinese person who has

5392: 5124: 4859: 3009: 2780:), with a local reading (which may also be considered a post-Tōsō-on reading), rather than 2267: 2230: 2206: 1341: 403:, members of the Chinese nobility could possess up to four different names—personal names ( 2623:

Known by their initialized Western ordering names and/or native non-Mandarin romanization

8: 5752: 5489: 5479: 5402: 5377: 4700: 4434: 4410: 3021: 2966: 1824: 1693: 1545: 842: 763: 365: 276:

world. Sometimes the same set of Chinese characters could be chosen as a Chinese name, a

3957: 3013: 2002:) arose from the custom of dating years by the reigns of the ruling emperors. Under the 1734:

non-Chinese people (with some names being borrowing from regional languages and names).

928:"Lofty", "Proud") instead. A similar practice was observed regarding the stage names of 5796: 5615: 5558: 5322: 5002: 4795: 4677: 4357: 4331: 4207: 4098: 3968: 3660:. Hong Kong: Social Sciences Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong. p. 29. 3625: 3373: 3365: 3254: 2876: 1726: 1208: 734: 548: 5701: 5467: 4956: 4836: 4230: 4196: 4191: 3988: 3949: 3869: 3735: 3631: 3607: 3599: 3348: 3221: 3025: 2978: 2289:

Given names that consist of one character are much less common in Taiwan than on the

1697: 1689: 1055: 1031: 703: 599: 583: 181: 173: 3387: 499:, but the process took several centuries to complete, and it was not until the late 5586: 5462: 5457: 5358: 5279: 5176: 4844: 4813: 4720: 4579: 4300: 3941: 3426: 3017: 2898: 2719: 2157: 1983: 1939: 1722: 1204: 1196: 1023: 782:

saw populations with a majority of two-character names for the first time, but the

102: 53: 4020: 531:) in use in China, the colloquial expression for the "Chinese people" is Bǎixìng ( 5591: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5432: 5397: 5348: 5306: 5272: 5200: 5077: 4984: 4826: 4803: 4762: 4516: 4476: 4288: 3857: 3794: 3729: 2940: 2903: 2881: 2859: 2795: 2410: 1881: 1313: 1295: 1200: 1161:

as three words instead of two. Tone marks are also commonly omitted in practice.

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culture, a teacher is invariably addressed as such by his or her students (e.g.

5484: 5447: 5326: 5318: 5257: 5249: 5225: 5215: 5147: 5091: 5056: 4932: 4914: 4864: 4604: 4539: 4483: 4159: 4084: 3211: 2649: 2642: 2406: 2382: 2371: 2333: 2290: 2279: 1668: 1639: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1165: 747:, as well as bearing positive associations or a beautiful shape. Two-character 718: 714: 540: 277: 157: 1054:, it used to be common to incorporate one of the four characters of the name " 973:, a novel mirroring the rise and decline of the Qing dynasty, there is Zheng ( 5780: 5474: 5382: 5301: 5190: 5171: 5156: 5061: 5024: 4907: 4874: 4854: 4777: 4752: 4747: 4734: 4705: 4662: 4599: 4506: 4491: 4462: 4375: 4169: 4051: 3953: 3029: 2982: 2930: 2886: 2829: 2615: 2414: 1818: 1788: 1657: 1042:; 'strong nation', ' strengthening the nation') or Dongfeng ( 929: 815: 744: 644: 615: 356: 327: 281: 269: 265: 3945: 2116:; 'madam') is relatively neutral and unlikely to cause offense. 1793:

Upon maturity, it was common for educated males to acquire a courtesy name (

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Many overseas Chinese, Taiwanese and historic names still employ the older

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The process of converting Chinese names into a phonetic alphabet is called

846: 787: 779: 775: 759: 683: 400: 360: 225: 109: 71: 4009: 1756:) was a separate formal name used by the child while they were at school. 1520:

Traditionally, babies were named a hundred days after their birth; modern

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have nearly disappeared but the terms ironically reversed their meaning.

568: 500: 285: 2353: 1219:. This occurs amid a plethora of competing romanization systems. During 5706: 5689: 5630: 5610: 5267: 5195: 5142: 5138: 5066: 4882: 4849: 4782: 4685: 4629: 4451: 4405: 4362: 4317: 4268: 4201: 4181: 4144: 4118: 4074: 4069: 2842: 2590: 1701: 1682: 1672: 1304:

From their earliest recorded history, the Chinese observed a number of

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and Singaporean Chinese names usually expressed in three parts (e.g.,

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system. This English-based system can be identified by its use of the

5718: 5605: 5581: 5343: 5235: 4995: 4710: 4393: 4327: 4273: 4220: 4215: 4088: 3910:. Retrieved on 23 December 2014. p. 25-26 (PDF document p. 27-28/56). 3430:, Conference on Chinese Oral and Performing Literature, p. 225, 3419:"2010 Commemorations of the Theatrical Careers of Cao Yu and Li Yuru" 2703: 2263: 2248:"Taiwanese name" redirects here. For indigenous Taiwanese names, see 1718: 1432: 1414: 1144: 1139: 1120: 954: 767: 273: 190: 3220:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard Univ. Asia Center. p. 375. 1769:

in Chinese, the school name is also sometimes now referenced as the

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afterward both preferred single character names. The restoration of

503:(1st and 2nd centuries AD) that all Chinese commoners had surnames. 376:

Although some terms from the ancient Chinese naming system, such as

5735: 5723: 5684: 5662: 5553: 5442: 5387: 5210: 5009: 4469: 4422: 4381: 4352: 4340: 4283: 4263: 4225: 4186: 2871: 1836: 1240: 819: 707: 702:, descendants of his subjects in his fief of Mafu, Koreans from an 699: 335: 211: 123: 2967:"Given names in China: one-character or two-character given names" 1332: 571:

family names having only one character, while the small number of

5576: 5548: 5016: 4644: 4399: 4305: 4154: 4128: 4079: 3686: 2499: 1212: 934: 762:. About 70% of all names were only one character long during the 679: 326:

Prior to the 21st century, most educated Chinese men also used a

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share the same form between simplified and traditional Chinese.

706:, and Muslims from all over western China who chose it to honor 5745: 5620: 4730: 4176: 2395: 2259: 2165: 2057: 2043: 1652: 1131: 1110:

In mainland China, Chinese names have been romanized using the

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Bacon-Shone, John; Bolton, Kingsley; Luke, Kang Kwong (2015).

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revised 70 times, and it still has not been put into effect.

1503:

Used only to distinguish years of royalty or Emperor's reigns

887:

And study & method will expand the borders of our fortune

299:

Modern Chinese names generally have a one-character surname (

237: 1610:) to the surname or the second character of the given name. 1034:, many Chinese bore "revolutionary names" such as Qiangguo ( 957:'). In some families, the siblings' names have the same 3217:

Muslim Chinese: Ethnic Nationalism in the People's Republic

3054: 2238:

transliteration of ethnic languages into Chinese characters

799: 42: 3044: 3042: 1195:

Pinyin and Wade–Giles both represent the pronunciation of

857:. For example, the one selected in 1737 for the family of 396:), are still used today, it used to be much more complex. 3502:"ISO 7098:1982 – Documentation – Romanization of Chinese" 1246: 216: 202: 2921:

Indonesian-sounding names adopted by Chinese Indonesians

2401: 1966:). These common "names" of the emperors between the 3039: 2082:, young) followed by their family name, thus Lǎo Wáng ( 1072:) into masculine names. Periodic fad names like Aoyun ( 877:

Stand tall & display unstintingly before gentlemen,

399:

In the first half of the 1st millennium BC, during the

2996:

Guo, Jin-Zhong; Chen, Qing-Hua; Wang, You-Gui (2011).

1223:, some adopted English spelling conventions for their 949:; 'pine tree') might have a sister named Mei ( 770:

banned all two-character names outright. Although his

3709: 3650: 1816:

The practice was a consequence of admonitions in the

838:"Big Pole")—but such names are becoming less common. 178: 162: 148: 128: 114: 3654:

Language use, proficiency and attitudes in Hong Kong

3558:"Government to improve English-friendly environment" 2791: 2398:) or Peter Kuo on newspapers and academic journals. 2324:, "child names") are common and generally adopt the 1663: 1437:

Sun Yat-sen (English, 1883, Hong Kong and the West)

898:

Ancestral favors bequeath kindness through the ages,

4050: 3900:

Indexes: A Chapter from The Chicago Manual of Style

3364: 1645: 937:adopted a name with the central character "jade" ( 4017:, article on superstitions about names from China 3174:Wu Jie (武洁); Yang Jianchun (杨建春) (23 June 2014). 439:)— as well as up to two titles: standard titles ( 5778: 3731:Chinese American Names: Tradition and Transition 3687:"NOTABLE NAMES (Brilliant Funny Weird Monikers)" 3344:Chinese American Names: Tradition and Transition 1729:in Indonesia and in diaspora has mostly adopted 908:Descendants forever obliged for their prosperity 1731:Indonesian-sounding variations of Chinese names 4015:Can Names Bring Good Fortune? - NamepediA Blog 3458:"Choosing a Chinese Name by Number of Strokes" 3210: 2915:Other links and influences from Chinese names: 2775: 2765: 2755: 2749: 2744:) of the characters, or using a Sino-Japanese 2739: 2250:Naming customs of Taiwanese indigenous peoples 1908:also occasionally received posthumous titles. 1614:is more common in the south and abroad, while 1440: 1117:International Organization for Standardization 4036: 3308:"Name Not on Our List? Change It, China Says" 2838:Naming laws in the People's Republic of China 2686: 2657: 2628: 2598: 2573: 2543: 2518: 2513:Known by native non-Mandarin romanised names 2488: 2454: 2226:China Youth University for Political Sciences 2087: 1808: 1798: 1764: 1522:naming laws in the People's Republic of China 1155: 1148: 1014: 1008: 1002: 996: 986: 962: 902: 892: 881: 871: 749: 670: 664: 658: 652: 630: 609: 597: 490: 484: 478: 462: 449: 440: 431: 422: 413: 404: 387: 377: 58: 3528:"Hanyu Pinyin to be standard system in 2009" 1026:. For example, following the victory of the 766:and that rose beyond 98% after the usurping 2998:"Statistical distribution of Chinese names" 2995: 2764:using an On'yomi reading, whereas Beijing ( 2417:), with spacing between their given names. 4043: 4029: 3754:Dataprep (HK) Ltd v. KUO Chi Yung Peter , 3455: 3305: 3250:"For Chinese Women, a Surname Is Her Name" 3075:"Wang is the most common surname in China" 678:The enormous modern clans sometimes share 477:Commoners possessed only a personal name ( 41: 3967: 3550: 3520: 3108:"Chinese surname shortage sparks rethink" 3060: 3048: 2390:, however, the position and the use of a 1671:often feature an English alias. 25.8% of 1050:; 'eastern wind'). Similarly, on 582:Chinese surnames arose from two separate 3748: 3137: 3135: 3133: 2964: 2352: 1721:, one of the countries with the largest 517:Although there are currently over 6,000 3479: 3072: 2770:) is spelled with kanji but pronounced 1138:" is properly rendered either with its 845:". Similarly, owing to the traditional 794:dominance under the Ming, promotion of 14: 5779: 3827:. July 2014. p. 7. Archived from 3623: 3488:The Chinese Language: Fact and Fantasy 3337: 3335: 3333: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3247: 3066: 2622: 2568:Known by their Western ordering names 2567: 2512: 2478: 2448: 2370:; it differs from the presentation of 2343: 2328:practice of affixing the prefix "A-" ( 1308:, avoiding the names of their elders, 1247:Different names with the same spelling 180: 4024: 3924: 3727: 3715: 3130: 3118:from the original on 20 February 2012 2784:(which would be the Kan-on reading). 2449:Known by their Mainland pinyin names 2402:Hyphen or Spacing between given names 1635: 1272:銘（铭）(meaning: poetic motto, inscribe) 3880:from the original on 18 October 2017 3788:Guardian and Observer style guide: C 3761: 3697:from the original on 9 November 2016 3398:from the original on 1 December 2022 3306:Lafraniere, Sharon (21 April 2009). 3262:from the original on 8 November 2020 3102: 3100: 1285: 806:established the current traditions. 669:surnames which replaced them, while 521:including non-Han Chinese surnames ( 430:), and "style" or "courtesy" names ( 3564:. 18 September 2008. Archived from 3538:from the original on 25 August 2011 3416: 3330: 3318:from the original on 15 August 2017 3292: 3274: 2893:Kinds of Chinese monarchical names: 2424: 2021: 1712:National Registration Identity Card 359:, the Chinese observed a number of 24: 3667:from the original on 27 March 2019 3286:Dictionary of Chinese Variant Form 3173: 3085:from the original on 8 August 2019 1938:) of the emperor inscribed on the 1875: 1676:unusual names made and adopted by 1494:Used only for royalty and Emperors 1337:Chinese names for prominent people 675:is used to refer to maiden names. 309:) that comes first, followed by a 25: 5813: 4003: 3630:. The Berkeley Publishing Group. 3508:from the original on 3 March 2016 3464:from the original on 26 July 2019 3437:from the original on 23 June 2016 3248:Tatlow, Didi (11 November 2016). 3097: 2723: 2006:, the practice began of changing 1664:English alias in Chinese diaspora 1618:is common throughout China. Both 985:) in the first generation, Lian ( 4691:Democratic Republic of the Congo 3728:Louie, Emma Woo (9 March 2019). 3588:Sourcebook in Chinese Philosophy 3155:from the original on 29 May 2019 3151:(in Chinese). 12 December 2007. 3073:Butcher, Asa (31 January 2019). 2822: 2808: 2794: 2200: 1827:and has been largely abandoned. 1782: 1266:明 (meaning: bright, intelligent) 47:"Xingming" in Chinese characters 3892: 3862: 3841: 3806: 3803:. Retrieved on 1 November 2017. 3780: 3721: 3679: 3644: 3617: 3580: 3494: 3449: 3410: 3380: 3358: 3241: 2926:List of common Chinese surnames 1900:—with the pointed exception of 1868:, whose pen name is "Bei Dao" ( 1646:English alias in mainland China 1497: 1488: 1203:. In Hong Kong, Macau, and the 619: 506: 238: 217: 203: 3985:Harvard University Asia Center 3204: 3177:张、王、李、赵谁最多——2010年人口普查姓氏结构和分布特点 3167: 3022:10.1088/1674-1056/20/11/118901 2989: 2958: 2729: 2687: 2658: 2629: 2599: 2574: 2544: 2519: 2489: 2455: 2214:Chinese public security bureau 2189: 2184: 2179: 2175: 2170: 2149: 2135: 2130: 2129:) or e.g. elder sister Zhang ( 2125: 2108: 2098: 2088: 2062: 2048: 2039: 1998: 1958: 1948: 1934: 1929: 1911: 1892: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1771: 1752: 1741: 1586: 1576: 1554: 1540: 1530: 1077: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1059: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1015: 1009: 1003: 997: 987: 963: 903: 893: 882: 872: 728: 694:) includes descendants of the 691: 687: 618:court and always included the 588: 564: 560: 527: 471: 467: 458: 454: 355:From at least the time of the 348: 343: 339: 319: 305: 179: 163: 149: 130: 129: 115: 59: 13: 1: 3973:Chinese History: A New Manual 3598:. Retrieved on 1 April 2012. 2946: 2849:Kinds of Chinese group-names: 2361:abided the Chinese word order 2348: 2240:often results in long names. 2195: 614:were clans of royalty at the 3144:我国汉族公民最长姓名达15字公安部：起名不规范会有不便 2951: 1924:Ancestor veneration in China 1830: 1515: 663:is now used to describe the 352:) among their social peers. 7: 3456:Qiu Gui Su (8 March 2019). 3370:"中国1.8万多人姓名为刘翔叫刘德华的人逾1.6万" 2787: 2760:(Mao Zedong) is pronounced 2106:; 'mister') or 1977: 1872:; 'North Island'). 1809: 1799: 1765: 1565: 1156: 1149: 1088: 961:. For example, in the Jia ( 945:example, a boy named Song ( 750: 671: 665: 659: 653: 631: 610: 598: 491: 485: 479: 463: 450: 441: 432: 423: 414: 405: 388: 378: 10: 5818: 5354:Imperial, royal, and noble 3981:Harvard-Yenching Institute 3917: 3825:Hong Kong University Press 3592:Greenwood Publishing Group 3341:Woo Louie, Emma & al. 3188:(6): 22–23. Archived from 2247: 2204: 1981: 1921: 1915: 1879: 1834: 1786: 1779:) to avoid confusion. 1404:Christian (baptised) name: 1386: 1289: 1278:命 (meaning: life, destiny) 1127:is written as Máo Zédōng. 1092: 1001:) in the second, and Yun ( 732: 510: 448:), and posthumous titles ( 371: 5761: 5569: 5541: 5438:Imperial, royal and noble 5423: 5334: 5315: 5248: 5137: 5047: 4955: 4873: 4835: 4812: 4729: 4676: 4643: 4558: 4525: 4442: 4431: 4326: 4256: 4137: 4111: 4062: 3925:Power, John (June 2008). 3856:24 September 2017 at the 3355:. Accessed 22 March 2012. 2776: 2766: 2756: 2750: 2740: 2357:The English signature of 2329: 2317: 2306: 2298: 2283: 2243: 2161: 2144: 2120: 2113: 2103: 2083: 2079: 2071: 2053: 1993: 1988:Table of Chinese monarchs 1963: 1953: 1944:imperial ancestral temple 1887: 1869: 1842: 1804: 1794: 1776: 1747: 1631: 1607: 1599: 1591: 1581: 1571: 1549: 1535: 1525: 1483: 1460: 1448: 1441: 1426: 1408: 1396: 1376: 1364: 1352: 1335: 1300:Table of Chinese monarchs 1232: 1228: 1185: 1135: 1124: 992: 982: 978: 974: 950: 946: 938: 921: 831: 823: 651:) families, the original 648: 640: 605: 593: 552: 544: 532: 522: 445: 436: 427: 418: 409: 393: 383: 331: 314: 300: 268:used by individuals from 255: 231: 224: 210: 196: 189: 172: 156: 142: 122: 108: 101: 96: 92: 84: 80: 70: 66: 52: 40: 36: 31: 4279:Maiden and married names 4010:What is the Chinese name 3977:Cambridge, Massachusetts 3793:22 November 2021 at the 3181: 3176: 3143: 2866:Kinds of personal names: 970:Dream of the Red Chamber 497:Spring and Autumn period 5766:Category:Lists of names 3946:10.3828/indexer.2008.29 3908:Chicago Manual of Style 3624:Norman, Teresa (2003). 2715:Chicago Manual of Style 2483:their Wade–Giles names 2411:Malaysian Chinese names 2388:Hong Kong identity card 1974:are their temple ones. 1841:Pseudonyms or aliases ( 1626:are distinguished from 1269:名 (meaning: reputation) 1099:Romanization of Chinese 830:"Big Bull") and Dazhu ( 704:unrelated confederation 272:and other parts of the 4696:Eritrean and Ethiopian 3834:on 24 September 2017. 3691:hksarblog.blogspot.com 2724:adopted a Western name 2481:(or by derivatives of) 2438:Mandarin (Wade–Giles) 2362: 2272:to adopt Chinese names 2270:have also been forced 1544:)—typically employing 1237:Portuguese orthography 290:Malaysian Chinese name 5626:Galton–Watson process 5231:Ancient Tamil country 4653:Australian Aboriginal 3848:Telegraph style book 3770:Hong Kong Law Journal 3756:Hong Kong Law Reports 3627:A World of Baby Names 3534:. 18 September 2008. 3282:Ministry of Education 2965:Zhonghua, Li (2005). 2356: 1761:binomial nomenclature 1221:British colonial rule 802:, and development of 786:between them and the 18:Chinese personal name 5393:Post-nominal letters 4512:Indigenous Taiwanese 3963:on 30 November 2010. 3568:on 19 September 2008 3376:on 24 December 2013. 2971:Onomastica Canadiana 2718:, Chinese names are 2650:V. K. Wellington Koo 2274:as part of enforced 2268:Indigenous Taiwanese 2231:Southeast University 2207:Naming laws in China 5753:Surnames by country 5378:Pre-nominal letters 4435:Surnames by country 3969:Wilkinson, Endymion 3392:maoshijiazuwang.com 3347:. McFarland, 2008. 3280:The 2004 Taiwanese 3063:, pp. 113–115. 3014:2011ChPhB..20k8901G 2344:Rendered in English 2212:2006 report by the 1825:May Fourth Movement 1707:government agencies 1429:, 1883, Hong Kong) 1411:, 1883, Hong Kong) 1322:sanctified deceased 1281:鳴（鸣）(meaning: sing) 1176:) and "ts" (pinyin 366:May Fourth Movement 5616:Endonym and exonym 5559:Calendar of saints 5542:Related traditions 5316:Manners of address 4678:Sub-Saharan Africa 4099:Nobiliary particle 3368:(15 August 2007). 3366:Legal Evening News 3312:The New York Times 3255:The New York Times 3192:on 19 January 2015 2877:Chinese given name 2435:Mandarin (Pinyin) 2381:The word order of 2363: 1886:Posthumous names ( 1727:Indonesian Chinese 1445:, 1897, Japanese) 1324:had still others. 735:Chinese given name 489:) and clan names ( 421:), lineage names ( 330:(or "style name"; 88:surname–given name 5774: 5773: 5702:Personal identity 5537: 5536: 5244: 5243: 5185: 5133: 5132: 5094: 5087: 5080: 5038: 5019: 5012: 5005: 4998: 4946: 4917: 4910: 4903: 4896: 4798: 4791: 4486: 4479: 4472: 4465: 4257:By life situation 4210: 3994:978-0-674-06715-8 3637:978-0-399-52894-1 3612:978-1-4008-0964-6 3586:Chan, Wing-tsit. 3485:DeFrancis, John. 3417:Li Ruru (2010b), 3289:compiled 106,230. 3002:Chinese Physics B 2712:According to the 2710: 2709: 2482: 2444:Western ordering 2376:compound surnames 2312: 2304: 1940:spiritual tablets 1928:The temple name ( 1746:The school name ( 1561: 1513: 1512: 1509: 1384:Caricatural name: 1286:Alternative names 1056:Republic of China 927: 837: 829: 573:compound surnames 259: 258: 251: 250: 198:Yale Romanization 103:Standard Mandarin 16:(Redirected from 5809: 5792:Chinese language 5587:Anthropomorphism 5332: 5331: 5280:Buddhist surname 5181: 5090: 5083: 5076: 5036:Hispanic America 5034: 5015: 5008: 5001: 4994: 4942: 4913: 4906: 4901:African-American 4899: 4892: 4810: 4809: 4794: 4787: 4758:Ashkenazi Jewish 4563:and Western Asia 4528:and Central Asia 4482: 4475: 4468: 4461: 4440: 4439: 4301:Placeholder name 4206: 4150:Double-barrelled 4045: 4038: 4031: 4022: 4021: 3998: 3964: 3962: 3956:. Archived from 3931: 3927:"Japanese names" 3911: 3896: 3890: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3866: 3860: 3845: 3839: 3838: 3833: 3821:www.hkupress.org 3818: 3810: 3804: 3784: 3778: 3777: 3765: 3759: 3752: 3746: 3745: 3725: 3719: 3713: 3707: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3683: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3666: 3659: 3648: 3642: 3641: 3621: 3615: 3594:, 1 March 2002. 3584: 3578: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3554: 3548: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3524: 3518: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3498: 3492: 3483: 3477: 3476: 3471: 3469: 3453: 3447: 3445: 3444: 3442: 3436: 3427:CHINOPERL Papers 3423: 3414: 3408: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3384: 3378: 3377: 3372:. Archived from 3362: 3356: 3339: 3328: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3303: 3290: 3278: 3272: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3245: 3239: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3208: 3202: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3171: 3165: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3139: 3128: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3104: 3095: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3070: 3064: 3061:Wilkinson (2012) 3058: 3052: 3049:Wilkinson (2012) 3046: 3037: 3036: 2993: 2987: 2986: 2962: 2899:Chinese era name 2832: 2827: 2826: 2825: 2818: 2813: 2812: 2811: 2804: 2799: 2798: 2779: 2778: 2769: 2768: 2759: 2758: 2753: 2752: 2743: 2742: 2690: 2689: 2661: 2660: 2632: 2631: 2602: 2601: 2577: 2576: 2547: 2546: 2522: 2521: 2492: 2491: 2480: 2458: 2457: 2429: 2428: 2425:Comparison chart 2331: 2326:Southern Chinese 2319: 2310: 2308: 2302: 2300: 2285: 2224:Wang Daliang, a 2191: 2186: 2181: 2177: 2172: 2163: 2151: 2146: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2091: 2090: 2086:) or Xiǎo Zhān ( 2085: 2081: 2073: 2064: 2055: 2050: 2041: 2022:Forms of address 2000: 1995: 1984:Chinese era name 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1936: 1931: 1894: 1889: 1871: 1859: 1854: 1851:) or pen names ( 1849: 1844: 1812: 1806: 1802: 1796: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1754: 1749: 1725:population, the 1723:Chinese diaspora 1633: 1609: 1601: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1559: 1556: 1551: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1504: 1501: 1495: 1492: 1484: 1462: 1456:Posthumous name: 1450: 1444: 1443: 1431:= Syūn Yahtsīn ( 1428: 1413:= Syūn Yahtsān ( 1410: 1398: 1378: 1366: 1354: 1333: 1275:茗 (meaning: tea) 1234: 1230: 1187: 1159: 1152: 1137: 1126: 1079: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1061: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1019:) in the third. 1018: 1017: 1012: 1011: 1006: 1005: 1000: 999: 994: 990: 989: 984: 980: 976: 966: 965: 952: 948: 940: 925: 923: 906: 905: 896: 895: 885: 884: 875: 874: 835: 833: 827: 825: 804:generation names 753: 698:–era bureaucrat 693: 689: 674: 668: 662: 656: 650: 642: 634: 625: 621: 613: 608:). The original 607: 603: 595: 590: 586:traditions: the 566: 562: 554: 546: 537:Hundred Surnames 534: 529: 524: 519:Chinese surnames 494: 488: 482: 473: 469: 466: 460: 456: 453: 447: 444: 438: 435: 429: 426: 420: 417: 411: 408: 395: 391: 385: 381: 350: 345: 341: 333: 321: 316: 307: 302: 247: 246: 220: 219: 206: 205: 185: 184: 183: 168: 167: 166: 152: 151: 138: 137: 136: 134: 118: 117: 94: 93: 62: 61: 45: 29: 28: 21: 5817: 5816: 5812: 5811: 5810: 5808: 5807: 5806: 5777: 5776: 5775: 5770: 5757: 5592:Personification 5565: 5533: 5419: 5321: 5317: 5311: 5307:Theophoric name 5240: 5145: 5129: 5043: 4951: 4869: 4831: 4808: 4737: 4725: 4672: 4639: 4562: 4554: 4527: 4521: 4433: 4427: 4322: 4289:Posthumous name 4252: 4133: 4107: 4058: 4049: 4006: 4001: 3995: 3960: 3929: 3920: 3915: 3914: 3897: 3893: 3883: 3881: 3870:"Chinese names" 3868: 3867: 3863: 3858:Wayback Machine 3846: 3842: 3831: 3816: 3812: 3811: 3807: 3795:Wayback Machine 3785: 3781: 3767: 3766: 3762: 3753: 3749: 3742: 3726: 3722: 3718:, p. C4-2. 3714: 3710: 3700: 3698: 3685: 3684: 3680: 3670: 3668: 3664: 3657: 3649: 3645: 3638: 3622: 3618: 3585: 3581: 3571: 3569: 3556: 3555: 3551: 3541: 3539: 3526: 3525: 3521: 3511: 3509: 3500: 3499: 3495: 3484: 3480: 3467: 3465: 3454: 3450: 3440: 3438: 3434: 3421: 3415: 3411: 3401: 3399: 3386: 3385: 3381: 3363: 3359: 3340: 3331: 3321: 3319: 3304: 3293: 3279: 3275: 3265: 3263: 3246: 3242: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3209: 3205: 3195: 3193: 3183: 3178: 3172: 3168: 3158: 3156: 3145: 3141: 3140: 3131: 3121: 3119: 3114:. 19 May 2007. 3106: 3105: 3098: 3088: 3086: 3071: 3067: 3059: 3055: 3047: 3040: 2994: 2990: 2963: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2941:Vietnamese name 2904:Posthumous name 2882:Chinese surname 2860:Generation name 2828: 2823: 2821: 2814: 2809: 2807: 2800: 2793: 2790: 2746:On'yomi reading 2732: 2696:Liu Tien-chüeh 2468:Wang Ching-wei 2427: 2407:Hong Kong names 2404: 2383:Hong Kong names 2351: 2346: 2336:and the singer 2253: 2246: 2209: 2203: 2198: 2052:) or Mrs. Zhu ( 2024: 1990: 1982:Main articles: 1980: 1926: 1920: 1914: 1884: 1882:Posthumous name 1878: 1876:Posthumous name 1839: 1833: 1791: 1785: 1763:is also called 1744: 1669:Hong Kong names 1666: 1648: 1568: 1518: 1508: 1507: 1502: 1498: 1493: 1489: 1451:, 1912, China) 1447:Sūn Zhōngshān ( 1446: 1438: 1436: 1430: 1412: 1392:Courtesy names: 1339: 1302: 1296:Taboo on rulers 1288: 1249: 1225:Hong Kong names 1201:Beijing dialect 1199:, based on the 1101: 1093:Main articles: 1091: 1069:Zhōnghuá Mínguó 1024:Chinese history 855:generation poem 851:generation name 745:tonal qualities 737: 731: 719:Hong Kong names 680:ancestral halls 623: 515: 513:Chinese surname 509: 412:), clan names ( 374: 294:Vietnamese name 245: 164: 144:Gwoyeu Romatzyh 132: 85:Literal meaning 48: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5815: 5805: 5804: 5802:Southeast Asia 5799: 5794: 5789: 5772: 5771: 5769: 5768: 5762: 5759: 5758: 5756: 5755: 5750: 5749: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5732: 5731: 5716: 5711: 5710: 5709: 5699: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5659: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5640: 5639: 5638: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5602: 5601: 5600: 5599: 5584: 5579: 5573: 5571: 5567: 5566: 5564: 5563: 5562: 5561: 5551: 5545: 5543: 5539: 5538: 5535: 5534: 5532: 5531: 5530: 5529: 5524: 5522:Ecclesiastical 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5498: 5497: 5492: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5471: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5435: 5429: 5427: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5417: 5416: 5415: 5414: 5413: 5400: 5390: 5380: 5375: 5374: 5373: 5372: 5371: 5369:Ecclesiastical 5361: 5356: 5351: 5340: 5338: 5329: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5298: 5297: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5276: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5258:Christian name 5254: 5252: 5246: 5245: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5187: 5186: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5153: 5151: 5148:Southeast Asia 5135: 5134: 5131: 5130: 5128: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5096: 5095: 5088: 5081: 5072:Eastern Slavic 5069: 5064: 5059: 5053: 5051: 5045: 5044: 5042: 5041: 5040: 5039: 5027: 5022: 5021: 5020: 5013: 5006: 4999: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4961: 4959: 4953: 4952: 4950: 4949: 4948: 4947: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4919: 4918: 4911: 4904: 4897: 4885: 4879: 4877: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4841: 4839: 4833: 4832: 4830: 4829: 4824: 4818: 4816: 4807: 4806: 4801: 4800: 4799: 4792: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4744: 4742: 4727: 4726: 4724: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4682: 4680: 4674: 4673: 4671: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4649: 4647: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4566: 4564: 4556: 4555: 4553: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4531: 4529: 4523: 4522: 4520: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4488: 4487: 4480: 4473: 4466: 4454: 4448: 4446: 4437: 4429: 4428: 4426: 4425: 4420: 4419: 4418: 4413: 4403: 4396: 4391: 4390: 4389: 4379: 4372: 4371: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4350: 4343: 4337: 4335: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4309: 4308: 4298: 4297: 4296: 4291: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4260: 4258: 4254: 4253: 4251: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4234: 4233: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4212: 4211: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4173: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4152: 4147: 4141: 4139: 4135: 4134: 4132: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4115: 4113: 4109: 4108: 4106: 4105: 4104: 4103: 4102: 4101: 4091: 4077: 4072: 4066: 4064: 4060: 4059: 4052:Personal names 4048: 4047: 4040: 4033: 4025: 4019: 4018: 4012: 4005: 4004:External links 4002: 4000: 3999: 3993: 3965: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3913: 3912: 3891: 3861: 3840: 3805: 3779: 3760: 3747: 3740: 3720: 3708: 3678: 3643: 3636: 3616: 3579: 3562:The China Post 3549: 3519: 3493: 3478: 3448: 3409: 3379: 3357: 3329: 3291: 3273: 3240: 3226: 3212:Dru C. Gladney 3203: 3184:(in Chinese). 3166: 3129: 3112:People's Daily 3096: 3065: 3053: 3051:, p. 113. 3038: 2988: 2956: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2944: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2912: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2890: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2863: 2862: 2857: 2846: 2845: 2840: 2834: 2833: 2819: 2805: 2789: 2786: 2731: 2728: 2708: 2707: 2700: 2699:Lau Din Cheuk 2697: 2694: 2691: 2683: 2682: 2675: 2672:Soong Tse-vung 2668: 2665: 2662: 2654: 2653: 2646: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2625: 2624: 2620: 2619: 2612: 2609: 2608:Chao Yüan-jen 2606: 2603: 2595: 2594: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2570: 2569: 2565: 2564: 2561: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2540: 2539: 2536: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2515: 2514: 2510: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2496: 2493: 2485: 2484: 2476: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2459: 2451: 2450: 2446: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2426: 2423: 2403: 2400: 2372:Japanese names 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2313:"No Takers"). 2245: 2242: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2023: 2020: 1992:The era name ( 1979: 1976: 1916:Main article: 1913: 1910: 1880:Main article: 1877: 1874: 1835:Main article: 1832: 1829: 1787:Main article: 1784: 1781: 1743: 1740: 1665: 1662: 1647: 1644: 1567: 1564: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1510: 1506: 1505: 1496: 1486: 1485: 1481: 1480: 1477: 1473: 1472: 1469: 1465: 1464: 1457: 1453: 1452: 1439:Nakayama Shō ( 1423: 1419: 1418: 1405: 1401: 1400: 1393: 1389: 1388: 1385: 1381: 1380: 1373: 1369: 1368: 1361: 1357: 1356: 1349: 1345: 1344: 1287: 1284: 1283: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1248: 1245: 1188:is written as 1130:Proper use of 1090: 1087: 918: 917: 916: 915: 914: 913: 912: 911: 900: 890: 879: 733:Main article: 730: 727: 715:mainland China 696:Warring States 596:) and the 511:Main article: 508: 505: 373: 370: 278:Hong Kong name 266:personal names 257: 256: 253: 252: 249: 248: 244: 243: 239: 235: 229: 228: 222: 221: 214: 208: 207: 200: 194: 193: 191:Yue: Cantonese 187: 186: 176: 170: 169: 160: 154: 153: 146: 140: 139: 126: 120: 119: 112: 106: 105: 99: 98: 97:Transcriptions 90: 89: 86: 82: 81: 78: 77: 74: 68: 67: 64: 63: 56: 50: 49: 46: 38: 37: 34: 33: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5814: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5787:Chinese names 5785: 5784: 5782: 5767: 5764: 5763: 5760: 5754: 5751: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5730: 5727: 5726: 5725: 5722: 5721: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5708: 5705: 5704: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5697: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5680: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5637: 5634: 5633: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5598: 5595: 5594: 5593: 5590: 5589: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5574: 5572: 5568: 5560: 5557: 5556: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5546: 5544: 5540: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5519: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5487: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5440: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5422: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5395: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5385: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5370: 5367: 5366: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5346: 5345: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5337: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5314: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5302:Mandaean name 5300: 5296: 5293: 5292: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5263:Biblical name 5261: 5260: 5259: 5256: 5255: 5253: 5251: 5247: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5184: 5180: 5179: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5093: 5089: 5086: 5082: 5079: 5075: 5074: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5054: 5052: 5050: 5046: 5037: 5033: 5032: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5018: 5014: 5011: 5007: 5004: 5000: 4997: 4993: 4992: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4954: 4945: 4941: 4940: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4916: 4912: 4909: 4905: 4902: 4898: 4895: 4891: 4890: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4872: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4834: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4811: 4805: 4802: 4797: 4793: 4790: 4789:Ancient Greek 4786: 4785: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4736: 4735:North America 4732: 4728: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4675: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4642: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4567: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4532: 4530: 4526:Northern Asia 4524: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4485: 4481: 4478: 4474: 4471: 4467: 4464: 4460: 4459: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4430: 4424: 4421: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4408: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4401: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4388: 4385: 4384: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4377: 4376:Nom de guerre 4373: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4355: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4348: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4307: 4304: 4303: 4302: 4299: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4286: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4255: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4232: 4229: 4228: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4209: 4205: 4204: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4157: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4142: 4140: 4136: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4116: 4114: 4110: 4100: 4097: 4096: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4086: 4083: 4082: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4067: 4065: 4063:Personal name 4061: 4057: 4053: 4046: 4041: 4039: 4034: 4032: 4027: 4026: 4023: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4007: 3996: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3928: 3923: 3922: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3895: 3879: 3875: 3874:The Economist 3871: 3865: 3859: 3855: 3852: 3849: 3844: 3837: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3815: 3814:"Style Guide" 3809: 3802: 3801: 3796: 3792: 3789: 3783: 3775: 3771: 3764: 3757: 3751: 3743: 3741:9780786438778 3737: 3734:. McFarland. 3733: 3732: 3724: 3717: 3712: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3682: 3663: 3656: 3655: 3647: 3639: 3633: 3629: 3628: 3620: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3604:1-4008-0964-9 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3583: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3553: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3523: 3507: 3503: 3497: 3490: 3489: 3482: 3475: 3463: 3459: 3452: 3433: 3429: 3428: 3420: 3413: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3383: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3361: 3354: 3353:0-7864-3877-0 3350: 3346: 3345: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3302: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3288: 3287: 3283: 3277: 3261: 3257: 3256: 3251: 3244: 3229: 3227:0-674-59497-5 3223: 3219: 3218: 3213: 3207: 3191: 3187: 3179: 3170: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3103: 3101: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3069: 3062: 3057: 3050: 3045: 3043: 3035: 3032:. p. 3: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2992: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2961: 2957: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2931:Japanese name 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2918: 2917: 2916: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2896: 2895: 2894: 2888: 2887:Courtesy name 2885: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2869: 2868: 2867: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2852: 2851: 2850: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2835: 2831: 2830:Taiwan portal 2820: 2817: 2806: 2803: 2797: 2792: 2785: 2783: 2773: 2763: 2747: 2737: 2736:Local reading 2727: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2716: 2706: 2705: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2685: 2684: 2681: 2680: 2676: 2674: 2673: 2669: 2667:Sung Tzu-wen 2666: 2663: 2656: 2655: 2652: 2651: 2647: 2645: 2644: 2640: 2637: 2634: 2627: 2626: 2621: 2618: 2617: 2616:Yuen Ren Chao 2613: 2610: 2607: 2605:Zhao Yuanren 2604: 2597: 2596: 2593: 2592: 2588: 2585: 2583:Shao Jen-mei 2582: 2579: 2572: 2571: 2566: 2562: 2560: 2559: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2542: 2541: 2537: 2535: 2534: 2530: 2528:Sun Yi-hsien 2527: 2524: 2517: 2516: 2511: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2501: 2497: 2494: 2487: 2486: 2477: 2474:Jingwei Wang 2473: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2464: 2460: 2453: 2452: 2447: 2443: 2441:Non-Mandarin 2440: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2430: 2422: 2418: 2416: 2415:Goh Chok Tong 2412: 2408: 2399: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2360: 2355: 2341: 2339: 2335: 2327: 2323: 2314: 2294: 2292: 2287: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2251: 2241: 2239: 2234: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2218: 2215: 2208: 2201:Unusual names 2193: 2187: 2173: 2167: 2159: 2154: 2152: 2140: 2138: 2128: 2117: 2111: 2101: 2095: 2077: 2069: 2065: 2059: 2051: 2045: 2037: 2032: 2028: 2019: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1989: 1985: 1975: 1973: 1969: 1961: 1951: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1925: 1919: 1909: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1883: 1873: 1867: 1862: 1860: 1850: 1838: 1828: 1826: 1821: 1820: 1819:Book of Rites 1814: 1811: 1801: 1790: 1789:Courtesy name 1783:Courtesy name 1780: 1774: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1755: 1739: 1735: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1715: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1686: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1670: 1661: 1659: 1658:Chinese tones 1655: 1654: 1643: 1641: 1637: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1605: 1597: 1589: 1579: 1563: 1557: 1547: 1543: 1533: 1523: 1500: 1491: 1487: 1482: 1478: 1475: 1474: 1470: 1467: 1466: 1458: 1455: 1454: 1434: 1424: 1422:Pseudonym(s): 1421: 1420: 1416: 1406: 1403: 1402: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1383: 1382: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1363:Sūn Dìxiàng ( 1362: 1359: 1358: 1350: 1348:Official name 1347: 1346: 1343: 1338: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1306:naming taboos 1301: 1297: 1293: 1280: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1265: 1264: 1263: 1261: 1256: 1252: 1244: 1242: 1238: 1231:, "Shaw" for 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1193: 1191: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1172:"hs" (pinyin 1171: 1167: 1162: 1160: 1158: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1133: 1128: 1123:. In Pinyin, 1122: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1106: 1100: 1096: 1086: 1083: 1071: 1057: 1053: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1020: 995:), and Huan ( 972: 971: 960: 956: 942: 936: 931: 930:Chinese opera 909: 901: 899: 891: 888: 880: 878: 870: 869: 868: 867: 866: 865: 864: 863: 862: 860: 856: 852: 848: 847:naming taboos 844: 839: 821: 817: 816:Deng Xiaoping 813: 807: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 756: 754: 752: 746: 742: 741:variant forms 736: 726: 724: 720: 716: 711: 709: 705: 701: 697: 685: 681: 676: 673: 667: 661: 655: 646: 638: 633: 628: 617: 612: 602: 601: 591: 585: 580: 578: 574: 570: 558: 550: 542: 538: 530: 520: 514: 504: 502: 498: 493: 487: 481: 475: 465: 452: 443: 434: 425: 416: 407: 402: 397: 390: 380: 369: 367: 362: 361:naming taboos 358: 357:Shang dynasty 353: 351: 337: 329: 328:courtesy name 324: 322: 312: 308: 297: 295: 291: 287: 283: 282:Japanese name 279: 275: 271: 270:Greater China 267: 263: 262:Chinese names 254: 241: 240: 236: 234: 230: 227: 223: 215: 213: 209: 201: 199: 195: 192: 188: 182: 177: 175: 171: 161: 159: 155: 147: 145: 141: 127: 125: 121: 113: 111: 107: 104: 100: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 73: 69: 65: 57: 55: 51: 44: 39: 35: 30: 27: 19: 5741:Signum manus 5729:Royal cypher 5694: 5679:Nomen nescio 5677: 5673:Nomenclature 5668:Naming taboo 5480:Professional 5323:of authority 5273:Saint's name 4938:Scandinavian 4560:Muslim world 4456: 4398: 4374: 4345: 4197:Occupational 4056:anthroponymy 3972: 3958:the original 3937: 3933: 3894: 3882:. Retrieved 3873: 3864: 3847: 3843: 3835: 3829:the original 3820: 3808: 3800:The Guardian 3798: 3782: 3773: 3769: 3763: 3755: 3750: 3730: 3723: 3716:Power (2008) 3711: 3699:. Retrieved 3690: 3681: 3669:. Retrieved 3653: 3646: 3626: 3619: 3587: 3582: 3572:20 September 3570:. Retrieved 3566:the original 3561: 3552: 3542:20 September 3540:. Retrieved 3532:Taipei Times 3531: 3522: 3510:. Retrieved 3496: 3486: 3481: 3473: 3466:. Retrieved 3451: 3439:, retrieved 3425: 3412: 3400:. Retrieved 3391: 3382: 3374:the original 3360: 3342: 3320:. Retrieved 3311: 3284: 3276: 3264:. Retrieved 3253: 3243: 3231:. Retrieved 3216: 3206: 3194:. Retrieved 3190:the original 3185: 3169: 3157:. Retrieved 3148: 3120:. Retrieved 3111: 3087:. Retrieved 3078: 3068: 3056: 3033: 3005: 3001: 2991: 2977:(1): 19–32. 2974: 2970: 2960: 2914: 2913: 2892: 2891: 2865: 2864: 2855:Chinese clan 2848: 2847: 2816:China portal 2781: 2771: 2761: 2745: 2735: 2733: 2713: 2711: 2702: 2693:Liu Dianjue 2677: 2670: 2648: 2643:Koo Vi Kyuin 2641: 2638:Ku Wei-chün 2614: 2589: 2580:Shao Renmei 2556: 2531: 2498: 2463:Wang Jingwei 2461: 2419: 2405: 2380: 2368:Korean names 2364: 2321: 2315: 2295: 2288: 2276:Sinicization 2254: 2235: 2223: 2219: 2210: 2192:, manager). 2183: 2169: 2155: 2148: 2141: 2134: 2124: 2118: 2107: 2097: 2093: 2075: 2067: 2061: 2047: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2008:regnal names 1997: 1991: 1957: 1947: 1933: 1927: 1898:Tang dynasty 1891: 1885: 1866:Zhao Zhenkai 1863: 1856: 1846: 1840: 1817: 1815: 1792: 1770: 1758: 1751: 1745: 1736: 1716: 1687: 1667: 1651: 1649: 1634:, "old" but 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1603: 1595: 1585: 1575: 1569: 1553: 1539: 1529: 1519: 1499: 1490: 1468:Temple name: 1425:Sūn Yìxiān ( 1395:Sūn Zàizhī ( 1372:School name: 1351:Sūn Démíng ( 1336: 1329: 1326: 1303: 1292:Naming taboo 1259: 1257: 1253: 1250: 1227:: "Lee" for 1194: 1190:Mao Tse-tung 1181: 1177: 1173: 1163: 1154: 1129: 1112:Hanyu Pinyin 1109: 1105:romanization 1102: 1082:five element 1067: 1021: 1013:), and Lan ( 981:), and Min ( 968: 943: 919: 907: 897: 886: 876: 840: 811: 808: 760:Ming dynasty 757: 748: 738: 712: 677: 587: 581: 526: 516: 507:Family names 476: 401:Zhou dynasty 398: 375: 354: 347: 325: 318: 304: 298: 261: 260: 226:Southern Min 110:Hanyu Pinyin 72:Hanyu Pinyin 32:Chinese name 26: 5714:Proper name 5636:Name change 5490:Educational 5468:Substantive 5407:decorations 5290:Jewish name 5285:Dharma name 5250:By religion 4915:Hongkongese 4740:Australasia 4580:Azerbaijani 4313:Regnal name 4294:Temple name 4124:Middle name 4112:By sequence 4089:Matrilineal 4085:Patrilineal 3934:The Indexer 3402:27 November 3322:24 February 3089:22 November 2936:Korean name 2909:Temple name 2802:Asia portal 2730:In Japanese 2679:T. V. Soong 2664:Song Ziwen 2563:Boonhaw Aw 2558:Aw Boon Haw 2538:Yatsen Sun 2533:Sun Yat-sen 2525:Sun Yixian 2359:Sun Yat-sen 2316:Nicknames ( 1918:Temple name 1912:Temple name 1906:Sun Yat-sen 1902:Shi Huangdi 1742:School name 1702:legal names 1678:Hongkongers 1673:Hongkongers 1570:Nicknames ( 1546:diminutives 1407:Sūn Rìxīn ( 1342:Sun Yat-sen 796:Han culture 772:Xin dynasty 729:Given names 723:Macao names 584:prehistoric 501:Han dynasty 286:Korean name 218:sing3-ming4 5781:Categories 5707:Identifier 5690:Onomastics 5631:Legal name 5611:Deadnaming 5507:Diplomatic 5463:Subsidiary 5458:Hereditary 5349:Diplomatic 5268:Papal name 5177:Indonesian 5143:South Asia 5139:Indosphere 5105:Macedonian 5078:Belarusian 4985:Portuguese 4827:Lithuanian 4721:Zimbabwean 4517:Vietnamese 4477:Generation 4444:East Asian 4432:By culture 4406:Stage name 4363:Hypocorism 4328:Pseudonyms 4318:Slave name 4269:Birth name 4221:Teknonymic 4202:Patronymic 4182:Matronymic 4145:Diminutive 4119:First name 4075:Given name 4070:Birth name 3940:(2): 2–8. 3884:17 October 3701:7 November 3196:19 January 2947:References 2843:Onomastics 2635:Gu Weijun 2591:Runme Shaw 2553:Hu Wen-hu 2349:Word order 2205:See also: 2196:Variations 2074:, old) or 2063:zhū tàitai 1922:See also: 1683:Hacken Lee 1290:See also: 1166:Wade–Giles 1140:tone marks 1121:tone marks 1028:Communists 967:) clan in 859:Mao Zedong 798:under the 311:given name 204:sing-mìhng 165:hsing-ming 158:Wade–Giles 5797:East Asia 5719:Signature 5606:Call sign 5582:Anonymity 5517:Religious 5443:Chivalric 5364:Religious 5359:Judiciary 5344:Honorific 5327:of honour 5226:Sinhalese 5216:Pakistani 5201:Malaysian 5196:Cambodian 5100:Kashubian 5092:Ukrainian 5057:Bulgarian 4996:Praenomen 4933:Icelandic 4804:Hungarian 4605:Pakistani 4540:Mongolian 4394:Ring name 4387:Heteronym 4353:Nicknames 4274:Code name 4226:Toponymic 4216:Sobriquet 4192:Mononymic 4187:Metonymic 4129:Last name 3954:0019-4131 3266:12 August 3149:taiwan.cn 3030:1674-1056 2983:2816-7015 2952:Citations 2762:Mō Takutō 2704:D. 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Lau 2550:Hu Wenhu 2479:Known by 2322:gín-á-miâ 2264:Guangdong 2150:Lǐ Lǎoshī 2136:Zhāng Jǐe 2099:xiānsheng 1956:) or 1831:Pseudonym 1719:Indonesia 1694:Singapore 1636:see below 1516:Milk name 1476:Era name: 1433:Cantonese 1415:Cantonese 1375:Sūn Wén ( 1360:Milk name 1340:Example: 1310:ancestors 1209:Cantonese 1145:Sima Qian 1032:Civil War 991:), Zhen ( 843:Liu Xiang 768:Wang Mang 764:early Han 274:Sinophone 150:shinqming 5736:Khelrtva 5724:Monogram 5685:Misnomer 5663:Namesake 5597:National 5554:Name day 5512:Judicial 5502:Business 5495:Honorary 5485:Academic 5475:Military 5448:Courtesy 5433:Academic 5398:Academic 5388:Emeritus 5191:Javanese 5172:Filipino 5157:Balinese 5125:Suffixes 5062:Croatian 5025:Romanian 5010:Cognomen 4908:Canadian 4894:American 4875:Germanic 4860:Scottish 4778:Georgian 4768:Estonian 4753:Armenian 4748:Albanian 4706:Ghanaian 4663:Hawaiian 4600:Mandaean 4507:Okinawan 4492:Japanese 4463:Courtesy 4423:Username 4416:Mononyms 4382:Pen name 4368:Monarchs 4341:Art name 4284:Necronym 4264:Aptronym 4177:Eponymic 4138:By trait 3971:(2012). 3878:Archived 3854:Archived 3791:Archived 3695:Archived 3662:Archived 3536:Archived 3506:Archived 3462:Archived 3432:archived 3396:Archived 3316:Archived 3260:Archived 3214:(1996). 3159:16 March 3153:Archived 3122:16 March 3116:Archived 3083:Archived 2872:Art name 2788:See also 2508:Shih Hu 2291:mainland 1978:Era name 1970:and the 1837:Art name 1698:Tony Tan 1690:Malaysia 1566:Nickname 1541:xiǎomíng 1387:unknown 1318:emperors 1241:Jyutping 1205:diaspora 1197:Mandarin 1170:digraphs 1089:Spelling 1007:), Qin ( 977:), She ( 820:Yo-Yo Ma 708:Muhammad 700:Zhao She 620:⼥ 336:art name 242:sènn-miâ 212:Jyutping 124:Bopomofo 116:xìngmíng 76:xìngmíng 5656:Surname 5577:Acronym 5570:Related 5549:Baptism 5183:Chinese 5167:Burmese 5162:Bengali 5115:Serbian 5085:Russian 5030:Spanish 5017:Agnomen 4980:Occitan 4975:Italian 4965:Catalan 4957:Romance 4944:Swedish 4888:English 4845:Cornish 4822:Latvian 4796:Cypriot 4773:Finnish 4686:Ashanti 4645:Oceania 4635:Turkish 4615:Persian 4610:Pashtun 4585:Bengali 4550:Tibetan 4457:Chinese 4400:Shikona 4306:Notname 4238:Patrial 4231:Surname 4208:Surname 4155:Epithet 4094:Affixes 4080:Surname 3918:Sources 3904:Archive 3776:. 1975. 3512:1 March 3468:26 July 3388:"中华毛氏网" 3233:9 April 3079:GBTimes 3010:Bibcode 2720:indexed 2500:Hu Shih 2495:Hu Shi 2229:of the 2185:Lǐ zǒng 2158:Chinese 2126:Zhào Gē 2049:lǐ māma 2036:Chinese 1999:niánhào 1942:of the 1935:miàohào 1772:xùnmíng 1766:xuémíng 1753:xuémíng 1577:chuòhào 1459:Guófù ( 1213:Hokkien 1030:in the 959:radical 953:; ' 935:Li Yuru 627:radical 624:'WOMAN' 622: 555:), and 372:History 306:xìngshì 292:, or a 54:Chinese 5746:Tughra 5651:Middle 5621:Family 5425:Titles 5411:medals 5409:, and 5403:Orders 5383:Suffix 5336:Styles 5295:Hebrew 5221:Sindhi 5206:Indian 5120:Slovak 5110:Polish 5049:Slavic 4970:French 4928:Gothic 4923:German 4837:Celtic 4814:Baltic 4763:Basque 4731:Europe 4716:Yoruba 4658:Fijian 4625:Somali 4620:Sindhi 4595:Coptic 4590:Berber 4575:Arabic 4570:Afghan 4535:Kalmyk 4502:Manchu 4497:Korean 4484:Titles 4248:Virtue 4243:Unisex 4165:Common 4160:Animal 3991: 3952: 3738: 3671:7 June 3634: 3610: 3602: 3441:19 May 3351: 3224: 3028: 3008:(11). 2981: 2782:Hokkyō 2396:hyphen 2334:A-bian 2260:Fujian 2244:Taiwan 2168:: 2166:pinyin 2160:: 2060:: 2058:pinyin 2046:: 2044:pinyin 2038:: 1893:shìhào 1858:bǐmíng 1810:biǎozì 1653:Gaokao 1640:A-bian 1587:wàihào 1531:rǔmíng 1314:rulers 1312:, and 1298:, and 1215:, and 1132:Pinyin 1095:Pinyin 1052:Taiwan 861:read: 643:) and 629:. 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