153:
group. The first person then compares the original message with the final version. Although the objective is to pass around the message without it becoming garbled along the way, part of the enjoyment is that, regardless, this usually ends up happening. Errors typically accumulate in the retellings, so the statement announced by the last player differs significantly from that of the first player, usually with amusing or humorous effect. Reasons for changes include anxiousness or impatience, erroneous corrections, or the difficult-to-understand mechanism of whispering.
458:, comments on the meaning of difficult words, etc. (everything except an actual translation). The text is passed on to the following player, who tries to make sense of it and casts it into their language of choice, then repeating the procedure, and so on. Each player only knows the translation done by his immediate predecessor, but customarily the relay master or mistress collects all of them. The relay ends when the last player returns the translation to the beginning player.
2005:
362:
moderate the volume of their voice, and how to listen attentively; in this case, a game is a success if the message is transmitted accurately with each child whispering rather than shouting. It can also be used for older or adult learners of a foreign language, where the challenge of speaking comprehensibly, and understanding, is more difficult because of the low volume, and hence a greater mastery of the fine points of pronunciation is required.
407:
60:
174:
213:, has said that: "Indicating inaccurately transmitted information, the expression 'Chinese Whispers' carries with it a sense of paranoia caused by espionage, counterespionage, Red Scare, and other war games, real or imaginary, cold or hot." Usage of the term has been defended as being similar to other expressions such as "
402:
change one or two words of the phrase (often to something more humorous than the previous message). Intermediate messages can be compared. There is a second derivative variant, no less popular than Rumors, known as
Mahjong Secrets (UK), or Broken Telephone (US), where the objective is to receive the
389:
In 2012 a global game of
Telephone was played spanning 237 individuals speaking seven different languages. Beginning in St Kilda Library in Melbourne, Australia, the starting phrase "Life must be lived as play" (a paraphrase of Plato) had become "He bites snails" by the time the game reached its end
200:
as denoting "confusion" and "incomprehensibility" look to the earliest contacts between
Europeans and Chinese people in the 17th century, attributing it to a supposed inability on the part of Europeans to understand China's culture and worldview. In this view, using the phrase "Chinese whispers" is
374:
in London and lasted two hours and four minutes. Starting with "together we will make a world of difference", the phrase morphed into "we're setting a record" part way down the chain, and by the end had become simply "haaaaa". The previous record, set in 2006 by the
Cycling Club of Chengdu, China,
361:
As well as providing amusement, the game can have educational value. It shows how easily information can become corrupted by indirect communication. The game has been used in schools to simulate the spread of gossip and its possible harmful effects. It can also be used to teach young children to
1063:
Arabic telephone, or the wireless telephone, consists of having a sentence created by the first player and then recited aloud by the last player after circulating rapidly by word of mouth through a line of players. The interest of the game is to compare the final version of the sentence with its
152:
Players form a line or circle, and the first player comes up with a message and whispers it to the ear of the second person in the line. The second player repeats the message to the third player, and so on. When the last player is reached, they announce the message they just heard, to the entire
507:
featured several rounds played in a
Telephone format, in which each player on a team in turn had to interpret and recreate the mimed actions, drawing or music performed by the preceding person in line, with the points value awarded based on how far down the line the correct starting prompt had
382:, New Zealand. The chain involved 1,763 school children and other individuals and was held as part of Hearing Week 2017. The starting phrase was "Turn it down". As of 2022 this remained the world record for the largest game of Telephone by number of participants according to the
414:
The pen-and-paper game
Telephone Pictionary (also known as Eat Poop You Cat) is played by alternately writing and illustrating captions, the paper being folded so that each player can only see the previous participant's contribution. The game was first implemented online by
1395:
184:
Various reasons have been suggested for naming the game after the
Chinese, but there is no concrete explanation. One suggested reason is a widespread British fascination with Chinese culture in the 18th and 19th centuries during the
403:
message from the whisperer and whisper to the next participant the first word or phrase that comes to mind in association with what was heard. At the end, the final phrase is compared to the first in front of all participants.
1387:
1332:
357:
The game has no winner: the entertainment comes from comparing the original and final messages. Intermediate messages may also be compared; some messages will become unrecognizable after only a few steps.
1064:
initial version. Indeed, with the possible errors of articulation, pronunciation, confusions between words and sounds, the final sentence can be completely different from the initial one.
1232:
Explain that speaking quietly can be more effective in communication than shouting, although clarity is important. You could play "Chinese
Whispers" to illustrate this!
1682:
327:. This North American name is followed in a number of languages where the game is known by the local language's equivalent of "broken telephone", such in Malaysia as
141:
in which messages are whispered from person to person and then the original and final messages are compared. This sequential modification of information is called
910:
The sinophobic name points to a centuries-old tradition in Europe of representing spoken
Chinese as an incomprehensible and unpronounceable combination of sounds.
787:
189:. Another theory posits that the game's name stems from the supposed confused messages created when a message was passed verbally from tower to tower along the
523:
The game of
Telephone is used in a number of fields as a metaphor for imperfect data transmission over multiple iterations. For example the British zoologist
1289:
Simple games for practising vocabulary and/or numbers: ... Chinese Whispers: ...the final word is compared with the first to see how similar (or not!) it is.
1495:
1528:
1309:
832:
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for cumulative error, especially the inaccuracies as rumours or gossip spread, or, more generally, for the unreliability of typical human recollection.
1365:
634:
The form and timing of the tic undoubtedly mutated over the generations, as in the childhood game of Chinese Whispers (Americans call it telephone)
1003:
1050:
1418:
206:
954:
471:. However, the difference is that the four players will be wearing earmuffs; therefore the players have to read their lips. A similar game,
1465:
370:
In 2008 1,330 children and celebrities set a world record for the game of Telephone involving the most people. The game was held at the
753:
1615:
1881:
531:
used the game as an analogy for the imperfect transmission of genetic information across multiple generations. In another example,
1780:
1705:
1577:
378:
In 2017 a new world record was set for the largest game of Telephone in terms of the number of participants by schoolchildren in
210:
181:
In the UK, Australia and New Zealand, the game is typically called "Chinese whispers"; in the UK, this is documented from 1964.
149:
research, and is primarily used to identify the type of information that is more easily passed on from one person to another.
2042:
1856:
1674:
515:
variant of telephone known as "wordpass" involves saying words out loud and saying a related word, until a word is repeated.
1132:
1093:
1638:
233:
As the game is popular among children worldwide, it is also known under various other names depending on locality, such as
332:
1824:
776:
1818:, a game of gossip that passes from library to library around the world on International Games Day at local libraries
1650:
1561:
1282:
1253:
1225:
1197:
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1126:
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903:
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627:
410:
A game of Eat Poop You Cat, starting with "Only the good die young" and ending with "The three vikings visit Christ".
43:
17:
390:
in Alaska 26 hours later. In 2013, the Global Gossip Game had 840 participants and travelled to all 7 continents.
2052:
1487:
976:
1831:, a variation of the telephone game where participants have to properly convey emotions instead of text messages
1790:
1715:
1520:
1029:
1756:
1739:
1301:
816:
398:
A variant of Telephone is called Rumors. In this version of the game, when players transfer the message, they
1992:
221:". "Double Dutch" as an expression for unintelligibility originated in England as a derogatory smear against
2032:
1357:
32:
1952:
476:
1849:
1204:
Play 'Chinese Whispers' to demonstrate how word-of-mouth messages or stories quickly become distorted
653:
156:
The game is often played by children as a party game or on the playground. It is often invoked as a
142:
1042:
697:"The multiple roles of cultural transmission experiments in understanding human cultural evolution"
463:
417:
2037:
1972:
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had to interpret the lip movements of the preceding player, appeared in multiple editions of the
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2008:
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8:
1932:
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replication, referring specifically to children trying to reproduce drawing of a Chinese
190:
70:
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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
1962:
1761:
946:
879:
721:
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A translation relay is a variant in which the first player produces a text in a given
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451:
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218:
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1751:
1608:"Best of Casual Gameplay 2009 - Simple Idea Results (browser games) - Jay is games"
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1246:
music works: music education in the classroom with children from five to nine years
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202:
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122:
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1967:
1937:
1578:"Nektan Slots Games & Other Communication Games - Broken Picture Telephone"
1043:"Le téléphone arabe : règle du jeu, origine, variantes et idées de phrase"
777:"'THE LUCK OF A CHINAMAN': IMAGES OF THE CHINESE IN POPULAR AUSTRALIAN SAYINGS"
580:
2021:
1907:
1873:
666:
450:, together with a basic guide to understanding, which includes a lexicon, an
427:
1821:
730:
712:
977:"MasterChef contestant under fire for using old saying 'Chinese whispers'"
1188:
Jackman, John; Wendy Wren (1999). "Skills Unit 8: the Chinese princess".
647:
560:
540:
439:
273:, which means "from (one) ear to (another) ear". In France, it is called
214:
36:
1815:
1435:
1977:
1927:
1865:
786:(3). Institute of Advanced Studies Australian National University: 71.
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512:
483:
1419:"How dangerous conservation ideas can develop through citation errors"
499:
1957:
1639:"Africanisation of the European - vulnerability and de-colonisation"
168:
1886:
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503:
455:
447:
406:
379:
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The Great Wall, one potential origin of the name "Chinese whispers"
157:
59:
173:
1917:
818:
Chinese Whispers Why Everything You've Heard About China is Wrong
222:
858:. New York: State University of New York Press. pp. 15–25.
1218:
Because We're Worth It: Enhancing Self-esteem in Young Children
1004:"It's Not a 'Chinese' Virus: Let's Avoid Pernicious Shorthands"
290:
1834:
548:
1707:
Mendel's demon : gene justice and the complexity of life
1641:. In Kidenda, Mary Clare; Kriel, Lize; Wagner, Ernst (eds.).
1154:
Hitchcock, Robert K.; Lovis, William A. (31 December 2011).
886:
Fabulous Orients: fictions of the East in England, 1662–1785
496:
480:
1115:
Jonsson, Emelie; Carroll, Joseph; Clasen, Mathias (2020).
645:
1757:
10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0460:NAAE]2.0.CO;2
281:("wireless telephone"). In Germany the game is known as
42:"Chinese whispers" redirects here. For other uses, see
315:. Alternative names used in the United States include
1521:"Eat Poop You Cat: A silly, fun, and free party game"
1410:
1160:. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press. p. 11.
1147:
337:" - literally meaning "broken telephone" in Hebrew ("
1114:
311:In North America, the game is known under the name
293:-era Florence it was called the "game of the ear".
646:
551:to represent gossip circling within an orchestra.
1272:
1187:
1157:Information and Its Role in Hunter-Gatherer Bands
169:United Kingdom, Australian, and New Zealand usage
2019:
1118:Evolutionary Perspectives on Imaginative Culture
508:travelled before mutating into something else.
269:, among others. In Turkey, this game is called
1294:
1153:
535:used the game as a metaphor for infidelity in
31:For the coordination game in game theory, see
1850:
1731:
1350:
1108:
1082:. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 157.
694:
196:Critics who focus on Western use of the word
1324:
1190:Nelson English Bk. 2 Teachers' Resource Book
443:, and other websites, also arrived in 2012.
1772:
1666:
856:Chinese Aesthetics and Literature: A Reader
609:
607:
605:
296:The game has also been known in English as
1857:
1843:
1785:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 119.
1416:
1022:Let's Play: Traditional Games of Childhood
1001:
58:
1782:A devil's chaplain : selected essays
1755:
1710:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 56.
1697:
1630:
1488:"Global Gossip Game 2013 – final results"
1434:
1417:Smith, Helen M.; Banks, Peter B. (2017).
1260:Listening skills:...Play Chinese Whispers
878:
720:
613:
461:Another variant of Telephone is shown on
35:. For games played on mobile phones, see
1737:
1333:"Whisper it loud: the record was broken"
920:
918:
602:
421:in early 2007. Following the success of
405:
172:
1778:
1330:
1215:
1069:
774:
768:
437:were released two years later in 2009.
285:("quiet mail"). In Poland it is called
211:University of California, Santa Barbara
201:taken as evidence of a belief that the
14:
2020:
1703:
1672:
1075:
1053:from the original on 29 September 2012
810:
808:
1882:Button, button, who's got the button?
1838:
1636:
1549:
1515:
1513:
1243:
924:
915:
737:
1685:from the original on 5 December 2022
1618:from the original on 5 December 2020
1398:from the original on 5 December 2022
1368:from the original on 5 December 2022
1312:from the original on 5 December 2022
1271:For example, see Hill, op. cit.; or
1002:Socolovsky, Jerome (25 March 2023).
957:from the original on 31 January 2021
853:
793:from the original on 31 January 2021
756:from the original on 24 January 2021
682:participating institution membership
228:
1498:from the original on 16 August 2024
1468:from the original on 16 August 2024
1358:"Psst! Can we beat a world record?"
1273:Morris, Peter; Alan Wesson (2000).
814:
805:
24:
1675:"From angelic sex to sinful genes"
1550:Jones, Myfanwy (4 November 2010).
1531:from the original on 25 March 2018
1510:
1331:McKenna, Jemma (5 November 2008).
1302:"Chinese whisper record in London"
1275:Lernpunkt Deutsch.: students' book
1135:from the original on 25 April 2023
835:from the original on 25 April 2023
743:
639:
25:
2064:
1809:
1740:"Never Apologize, Always Explain"
1553:Parlour Games for Modern Families
951:10.5749/vergstudglobasia.1.1.0066
943:10.5749/vergstudglobasia.1.1.0066
746:"Phrase Finder: Chinese Whispers"
545:Chinese Junk and Chinese Whispers
454:, possibly a list of grammatical
137:), is an internationally popular
53:Telephone / Chinese whispers
44:Chinese Whispers (disambiguation)
2004:
2003:
1277:. Nelson Thornes. p. viii.
1096:from the original on 12 May 2023
695:Mesoudi, A.; Whiten, A. (2008).
518:
475:, in which participants wearing
425:, commercial boardgame versions
365:
209:, a professor of English at the
1864:
1600:
1570:
1543:
1480:
1450:
1380:
1265:
1237:
1209:
1181:
1049:(in French). 13 November 2011.
1035:
1014:
995:
969:
821:. Orion. p. Introduction.
289:, meaning "deaf telephone". In
1582:www.brokenpicturetelephone.com
931:Verge: Studies in Global Asias
872:
847:
775:Strahan, Lachlan (June 1992).
688:
205:itself is not understandable.
13:
1:
596:
225:, its rival in various wars.
2043:Telephony in popular culture
1076:Murphy, Caroline P. (2008).
925:Huang, Yunte (Spring 2015).
614:Blackmore, Susan J. (2000).
163:
33:Telephone game (game theory)
7:
1388:"Largest game of Telephone"
1079:Murder of a Medici Princess
554:
547:. It was used in the movie
393:
375:had involved 1,083 people.
10:
2069:
1953:Pin the tail on the donkey
1738:Sterelny, Kim (May 2004).
1673:Turney, Jon (1 May 2001).
1492:Global Gossip Game website
1462:Global Gossip Game website
1216:Collins, Margaret (2001).
477:noise-canceling headphones
29:
2001:
1993:What's the time, Mr Wolf?
1900:
1872:
1779:Dawkins, Richard (2003).
1643:Visual Cultures of Africa
1566:– via Google Books.
1121:. Springer. p. 284.
854:Dale, Corinne H. (2004).
654:Oxford English Dictionary
108:
100:
92:
84:
76:
66:
57:
1827:16 February 2016 at the
1645:. Waxmann. p. 225.
1637:Boeck, Angelica (2022).
1020:Gryski, Camilla (1998).
423:Broken Picture Telephone
418:Broken Picture Telephone
384:Guinness Book of Records
277:("Arabic telephone") or
1973:Seven minutes in heaven
892:Oxford University Press
659:Oxford University Press
620:Oxford University Press
352:
2053:Psychology experiments
1679:Times Higher Education
1392:Guinness World Records
1248:. Belair. p. 48.
1244:Barrs, Kathie (1994).
713:10.1098/rstb.2008.0129
667:10.1093/OED/8820793634
591:Round-trip translation
411:
349:(χαλασμένο τηλέφωνο).
178:
1704:Ridley, Mark (2000).
464:Ellen's Game of Games
409:
239:whisper down the lane
176:
143:transmission chaining
1822:The Misemotions Game
1494:. 26 November 2013.
1464:. 15 November 2012.
1458:"The final results!"
1423:Australian Zoologist
1220:. Sage. p. 55.
215:It's all Greek to me
135:Commonwealth English
1436:10.7882/az.2014.047
880:Ballaster, Rosalind
707:(1509): 3489–3501.
657:(Online ed.).
345:, and in Greece as
343:rikkinäinen puhelin
191:Great Wall of China
112:Speaking, listening
54:
1908:Bobbing for apples
1816:Global Gossip Game
1192:. Nelson Thornes.
1024:, p.36. Kids Can.
927:"Chinese Whispers"
784:East Asian History
648:"Chinese whispers"
467:under the name of
434:Cranium Scribblish
412:
347:halasmeno tilefono
341:"), in Finland as
279:téléphone sans fil
263:the messenger game
179:
147:cultural evolution
145:in the context of
52:
2015:
2014:
1923:Duck, duck, goose
1556:. Penguin Adult.
1047:Jeux et Compagnie
815:Chu, Ben (2013).
680:(Subscription or
452:interlinear gloss
306:Russian Telephone
229:Alternative names
116:
115:
16:(Redirected from
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2033:Children's games
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1892:Twenty questions
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1584:. Archived from
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616:The Meme Machine
611:
566:Exquisite corpse
473:Shouting One Out
372:Emirates Stadium
317:Broken Telephone
267:pass the message
243:broken telephone
203:Chinese language
131:Chinese whispers
127:Canadian English
123:American English
71:Children's games
62:
55:
51:
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21:
18:Chinese whispers
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1983:Spin the bottle
1948:Pass the parcel
1943:Musical statues
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586:Snowball effect
571:Generation loss
557:
533:Richard Dawkins
521:
489:Celebrity Juice
396:
368:
355:
298:Russian Scandal
275:téléphone arabe
271:kulaktan kulağa
235:Russian scandal
231:
171:
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139:children's game
96:User determined
48:
41:
30:
28:
27:Children's game
23:
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2048:Memory games
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1586:the original
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93:Playing time
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2028:Party games
1963:Post office
1901:Other games
1866:Party games
894:. pp.
561:Drawception
525:Mark Ridley
469:Say Whaaat?
440:Drawception
283:Stille Post
207:Yunte Huang
37:Mobile game
2022:Categories
1978:Simon Says
1928:Hot potato
1798:5 December
1792:0297829734
1744:BioScience
1723:5 December
1717:0297646346
1689:5 December
1658:5 December
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1429:(3): 409.
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1100:25 January
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839:27 January
797:26 January
760:27 January
684:required.)
597:References
576:Mondegreen
513:party game
484:panel game
334:טלפון שבור
85:Setup time
1306:Gulf News
672:16 August
500:game show
456:morphemes
313:telephone
251:grapevine
164:Etymology
119:Telephone
2009:Category
1887:Charades
1825:Archived
1766:86360983
1683:Archived
1616:Archived
1535:17 March
1529:Archived
1502:6 August
1496:Archived
1472:6 August
1466:Archived
1396:Archived
1366:Archived
1362:Sun Live
1310:Archived
1133:Archived
1094:Archived
1057:20 April
1051:Archived
955:Archived
882:(2005).
833:Archived
788:Archived
754:Archived
731:18801720
555:See also
504:Copycats
448:language
394:Variants
380:Tauranga
247:operator
158:metaphor
1918:Dreidel
722:2607337
537:memetic
486:series
223:Holland
217:" and "
198:Chinese
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323:, and
321:Gossip
291:Medici
265:, and
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109:Skills
104:Medium
101:Chance
67:Genres
1762:S2CID
947:JSTOR
791:(PDF)
780:(PDF)
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1800:2022
1787:ISBN
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