290:
193:
864:
44:
515:
35:
510:
505:
614:
1319:
760:
619:
618:
617:
593:
1001:
5180:
4316:
4051:
523:
3473:
485:
819:, another agent used in chemical warfare, which has the chemical structure CN. Chloroacetophenone is thermally stable, and is the only tear agent that is distillable at ambient conditions.
909:
The term "Mace" came into being because it was the brand-name invented by one of the first
American manufacturers of CN aerosol sprays. Subsequently, in the United States, Mace became
998:
4941:
589:
3705:
3466:
1966:
2047:
620:
3459:
1804:
1253:
Blain, P. G. (2003). "Tear Gases and
Irritant Incapacitants: 1-Chloroacetophenone, 2-Chlorobenzylidene Malononitrile and Dibenz[b,f]-1,4-Oxazepine".
1058:
1036:
700:
1202:
Ballantyne, B.; Swanston, D. W. (1978). "The comparative acute mammalian toxicity of 1-chloroacetophenone (CN) and 2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS)".
4659:
3944:
3678:
1087:
Treudler, R.; Tebbe, B.; Blume-Peytavi, U.; Krasagakis, K.; Orfanos, C. E. (1999). "Occupational contact dermatitis due to 2-chloracetophenone tear gas".
4887:
773:
4183:
642:
4188:
5270:
5130:
4142:
4071:
4321:
944:, temporary loss of balance and orientation. More rarely, cutaneous irritating outbreaks have been observed and allergic contact permanent
326:
585:
5125:
4986:
4381:
4280:
4233:
4163:
5230:
635:
5245:
1351:
4223:
4462:
4434:
4101:
4488:
4454:
768:
211:
3482:
5225:
4341:
4081:
2563:
581:
2179:
1323:
2194:
2184:
304:
17:
628:
2022:
1465:
780:
5303:
4616:
3435:
1653:
5190:
4611:
4606:
4056:
2911:
2720:
2474:
466:
130:
4591:
4586:
3533:
2906:
2154:
1344:
1329:
5328:
5323:
5299:
4576:
4137:
2506:
2052:
571:
247:
188:
43:
2288:
2232:
2226:
2148:
2123:
2017:
1580:
268:
150:
2896:
577:
514:
3422:
3127:
2595:
2174:
1921:
724:
711:
559:
5338:
3390:
2793:
2590:
5333:
4691:
4601:
4596:
4581:
4398:
3898:
3528:
3523:
3102:
3087:
2695:
2605:
2439:
2252:
2077:
1337:
886:
Because of CN's significantly greater toxicity, CN has largely been supplanted for military use by
843:
285:
4882:
4664:
2650:
2645:
2220:
5343:
5185:
5032:
4749:
4621:
4527:
3893:
3538:
2675:
2429:
2257:
1608:
1598:
1445:
883:(it was used as a "green agent" by the former Japanese military during the Sino-Japanese War).
504:
34:
4860:
3047:
2574:
2375:
2283:
922:
851:
537:
497:
827:
Chloroacetophenone was first synthetized by Graebe in 1871 by passing chlorine into boiling
5240:
5061:
5003:
4932:
4840:
4793:
4228:
4091:
4029:
4009:
3883:
3571:
3379:
3207:
3122:
2783:
2710:
2665:
2630:
2610:
2159:
1658:
1528:
1522:
1460:
1369:
1211:
509:
256:
170:
56:
1129:
Graebe, C. (1871), Ueber eine neue Klasse von
Alkoholen. Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges., 4: 34-35.
8:
5145:
5065:
5007:
4965:
4907:
4675:
3854:
3412:
3067:
2835:
2763:
2758:
2690:
2615:
2298:
2247:
2118:
2108:
1878:
1689:
1516:
1490:
1480:
1450:
106:
96:
1215:
289:
192:
5026:
4892:
4687:
4633:
4198:
3872:
3764:
3550:
3497:
3440:
3298:
3253:
3212:
3107:
2585:
2552:
2479:
2293:
2087:
1455:
1278:
1235:
1112:
952:
855:
808:
5220:
4743:
4331:
4254:
4245:
4076:
3800:
3790:
3735:
3688:
3488:
3258:
3112:
2680:
2640:
2600:
2454:
2268:
2214:
2209:
2189:
2143:
1403:
1270:
1266:
1227:
1177:
1104:
1100:
835:
804:
1282:
1239:
1116:
5155:
4921:
4759:
4168:
3829:
3513:
3395:
3222:
3097:
2660:
2635:
2625:
2303:
2169:
2113:
1868:
1850:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1741:
1730:
1590:
1430:
1409:
1398:
1364:
1262:
1219:
1151:
1096:
960:
937:
880:
863:
439:
349:
1771:
1681:
236:
5275:
5195:
4998:
4991:
4393:
4386:
4326:
4238:
4106:
4061:
3608:
3518:
3278:
3052:
2768:
2521:
2444:
2424:
2346:
1440:
1420:
1005:
929:
1172:
5022:
4937:
4707:
4629:
4336:
3868:
3775:
3745:
3638:
3546:
3197:
3132:
3057:
2996:
2730:
2670:
2419:
1860:
1631:
1556:
1470:
751:
450:
1032:
678:
5317:
5255:
5235:
4830:
4545:
4376:
4356:
4086:
3974:
3785:
3658:
3575:
3401:
3348:
3343:
3273:
3217:
3077:
3062:
3016:
2841:
2804:
2773:
2620:
2469:
2352:
2278:
2204:
1575:
1500:
1425:
1359:
1050:
918:
428:
418:
181:
5135:
4951:
4911:
4844:
4834:
4825:
4820:
4763:
4721:
4311:
4096:
4005:
3918:
3730:
3725:
3628:
3353:
3303:
3082:
3072:
3027:
3021:
2991:
2986:
2744:
2655:
2557:
2501:
2464:
2413:
2392:
2341:
2308:
2237:
2199:
2138:
2103:
2001:
1623:
1603:
1475:
1374:
1274:
1108:
981:) has been implicated as the site of action for CN, in vivo and in vitro.
959:. It has also accounted for at least five deaths, which have resulted from
903:
895:
891:
839:
828:
800:
547:
1072:
641:
5175:
5103:
5087:
4955:
4927:
4810:
4754:
4697:
4683:
4371:
4366:
4306:
4035:
4020:
4015:
3969:
3908:
3835:
3815:
3794:
3755:
3618:
3583:
3451:
3363:
3338:
3293:
3156:
3117:
2981:
2976:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2901:
2820:
2809:
2799:
2511:
2242:
2133:
2128:
2062:
1761:
1746:
1718:
1700:
1672:
1564:
1385:
1231:
1156:
1139:
974:
933:
906:
both works and disperses more quickly than CN and is less toxic than CN.
876:
654:
627:
5165:
5056:
4971:
4961:
4917:
4901:
4897:
4788:
4654:
4522:
4505:
4403:
4249:
4177:
4173:
4120:
4066:
4025:
3850:
3840:
3825:
3693:
3603:
3313:
3308:
3288:
3283:
3268:
3263:
3176:
3171:
3147:
2966:
2951:
2946:
2891:
2886:
2568:
2449:
2408:
2402:
2386:
2369:
2363:
2330:
2322:
2263:
2057:
1829:
1735:
1724:
1546:
1540:
1223:
978:
945:
910:
634:
377:
201:
161:
4559:
4417:
3988:
5280:
5265:
5260:
5210:
5205:
4850:
4769:
4727:
4717:
3954:
3819:
3408:
3358:
3333:
3323:
3248:
2971:
2961:
2956:
2876:
2856:
2830:
2815:
2753:
2700:
2459:
2397:
2380:
2358:
2335:
2072:
1913:
1706:
1570:
1509:
1435:
1082:
1080:
3496:
1086:
940:). Sometimes it can give rise to more generalized reactions such as
750:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
5215:
5200:
5169:
5159:
5149:
5139:
5120:
5108:
5077:
5072:
5036:
4947:
4800:
4739:
4711:
4701:
4679:
4361:
4346:
4270:
4208:
4193:
4153:
3959:
3934:
3887:
3878:
3805:
3771:
3715:
3710:
3672:
3668:
3642:
3632:
3622:
3612:
3598:
3556:
3417:
3318:
3227:
3192:
3137:
3092:
3006:
2916:
2866:
2749:
2738:
2715:
2705:
2685:
2580:
2547:
2541:
2531:
1931:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1534:
1393:
964:
956:
941:
899:
600:
1077:
1030:
973:(Transient Receptor Potential-Ankyrin 1) ion channel expressed on
129:
5250:
5115:
5081:
5050:
5014:
4872:
4854:
4774:
4731:
4671:
4639:
4449:
4350:
4301:
4274:
4266:
4213:
4147:
3963:
3939:
3860:
3809:
3698:
3561:
3166:
3161:
2871:
2861:
2851:
2846:
2536:
2164:
2082:
2067:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1926:
1834:
1824:
1784:
1779:
1756:
1751:
1485:
914:
847:
834:
Phenacyl chloride is readily available and was first prepared by
816:
408:
223:
5042:
5018:
4976:
4876:
4804:
4643:
4625:
4483:
4444:
4439:
4217:
4203:
3948:
3864:
3759:
3750:
3740:
3719:
3682:
3653:
3648:
3587:
3579:
3565:
3542:
3384:
3042:
3037:
2825:
1971:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1613:
1415:
1318:
887:
141:
563:
5046:
4782:
4778:
4735:
4649:
4418:
4285:
4262:
3902:
3779:
3662:
3593:
3328:
3243:
3202:
2484:
1888:
1883:
1873:
1712:
1695:
1648:
1055:
Immediately
Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH)
970:
119:
1967:
Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)
273:
4981:
4815:
4560:
4506:
4467:
4158:
4121:
3989:
2494:
2489:
2048:
2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate
894:
and police forces in a small pressurized aerosol known as “
737:
398:
2881:
2434:
423:
54 to 56 °C (129 to 133 °F; 327 to 329 K)
4866:
1170:
555:
807:. Apart from that, it has been historically used as a
1059:
National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1037:
National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
3483:
551:
210:
1201:
313:InChI=1S/C8H7ClO/c9-6-8(10)7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5H,6H2
5315:
543:
235:
616:
105:
875:It was investigated, but not used, during the
3467:
1345:
433:244.5 °C (472.1 °F; 517.6 K)
3481:
3474:
3460:
1352:
1338:
1144:Journal of the Chemical Society, Abstracts
913:with tear-gas sprays in the same way that
842:vapour. It may also be synthesized by the
288:
191:
169:
1155:
928:Like CS gas, this compound irritates the
255:
1031:NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.
284:
14:
5316:
2233:Methylphosphonyl dichloride (dichloro)
2227:Methylphosphonyl difluoride (difluoro)
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
890:. Even though CN is still supplied to
182:
3654:CS gas (2-chlorobenzal malononitrile)
3455:
2475:Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS)
1333:
1252:
951:At high concentrations, CN may cause
870:
659:88 °C (190 °F; 361 K)
149:
1197:
1195:
917:has become strongly associated with
5226:N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
4342:N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
4082:N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
2564:Dimethyl(trifluoromethylthio)arsine
1011:
803:. It is a useful building block in
226:
24:
2180:Dimethylamidophosphoric dichloride
1171:Levin, N.; Hartung, W. H. (1955).
612:
25:
5355:
2195:Ethylphosphonoselenoic dichloride
2185:Dimethylamidophosphoric dicyanide
1311:
1192:
999:Cengage Physical Chemistry Part 1
815:. It should not be confused with
2023:Dicyclohexyl phosphorofluoridate
1466:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
1317:
1267:10.2165/00139709-200322020-00005
1173:"ω-Chloroisonitrosoacetophenone"
1101:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02724.x
862:
758:
513:
508:
503:
393:white to gray crystalline solid
367:
361:
42:
33:
3436:List of chemical warfare agents
1654:Dibutylchloromethyltin chloride
1298:
1289:
1246:
1140:"Ketones of the aromatic group"
754:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
1304:doi=10.1016/j.taap.2008.04.005
1164:
1132:
1123:
1089:British Journal of Dermatology
1065:
1043:
991:
902:, CN's use is falling because
822:
467:Occupational safety and health
370:
355:
13:
1:
5300:Receptor/signaling modulators
3649:CR gas (dibenzoxazepine; DBO)
984:
705:(US health exposure limits):
691:490 mg/m (guinea pig, 30 min)
2507:Trimethylolpropane phosphite
2053:Neopentylene fluorophosphate
61:2-Chloro-1-phenylethan-1-one
7:
4928:Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
3836:Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
3706:Farnesyl thiosalicylic acid
3534:15-Deoxy-Δ-prostaglandin J2
2289:3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexanol
2149:N,N-Diisopropylaminoethanol
2018:Diisopropyl fluorophosphate
667:or concentration (LD, LC):
10:
5360:
3128:Hexamethylene diisocyanate
2596:Phenylcarbylamine chloride
1922:Dimethylcarbamoyl fluoride
1187:, vol. 3, p. 191
1051:"alpha-Chloroacetophenone"
78:Phenyl chloromethyl ketone
76:Chloromethyl phenyl ketone
5293:
5096:
4569:
4558:
4538:
4515:
4504:
4476:
4427:
4416:
4294:
4130:
4119:
4044:
3998:
3987:
3927:
3506:
3495:
3431:
3391:Fluoroethyl fluoroacetate
3372:
3236:
3185:
3146:
3005:
2782:
2729:
2591:Perchloromethyl mercaptan
2520:
2321:
2096:
2010:
2002:4-686-293-01 (Agent 1-10)
1912:
1859:
1843:
1770:
1680:
1671:
1641:
1622:
1589:
1555:
1508:
1499:
1384:
921:(a phenomenon known as a
811:, where it is designated
795:, also commonly known as
748:
699:
695:850 mg/m (human, 10 min)
689:465 mg/m (rabbit, 20 min)
663:
484:
464:
459:
342:
322:
300:
89:
70:2-Chloro-1-phenylethanone
67:
55:
50:
41:
32:
3913:Umbellularia californica
3103:Chloroacetophenone oxime
3088:Bromomethyl ethyl ketone
2696:Trifluoroacetyl chloride
2606:Tetrachlorodinitroethane
2253:Phosphorus pentachloride
2078:Methanesulfonyl fluoride
1295:doi=10.1096/fj.08-117812
844:Friedel-Crafts acylation
731:TWA 0.3 mg/m (0.05 ppm)
718:TWA 0.3 mg/m (0.05 ppm)
693:159 mg/m (human, 20 min)
687:600 mg/m (mouse, 15 min)
572:Precautionary statements
455:0.005 mmHg (20 °C)
4883:N-Arachidonoyl dopamine
4665:Andrographis paniculata
3387:(variants and mixtures)
2651:Trichloronitrosomethane
2646:Trifluoronitrosomethane
2221:Methyldichlorophosphine
403:pungent and irritating
5304:Ion channel modulators
5033:Tetrahydrocannabivarin
4528:Tripterygium wilfordii
3894:Tetrahydrocannabiorcol
3186:Cornea-clouding agents
2676:Phosphorus trichloride
2258:Phosphorus trichloride
1992:Miotine (AR-28/T-1843)
1446:Phosphorus trifluoride
1204:Archives of Toxicology
685:417 mg/m (rat, 15 min)
623:
4861:Lysophosphatidic acid
2575:Disulfur decafluoride
2376:Chlorophenylsilatrane
2284:2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
1255:Toxicological Reviews
923:genericized trademark
852:chloroacetyl chloride
622:
5241:Pregnenolone sulfate
5062:Euphorbia resinifera
5004:Euphorbia resinifera
4933:Phenylacetylrinvanil
4893:N-Oleoylethanolamide
4841:Homodihydrocapsaicin
4229:Pregnenolone sulfate
4092:Pregnenolone sulfate
3899:Thiopropanal S-oxide
3884:Tetrahydrocannabinol
3572:Allyl isothiocyanate
3380:Methyl fluoroacetate
3208:Methyl cyanoacrylate
3123:Allyl isothiocyanate
2711:Uranium hexafluoride
2666:Dinitrogen tetroxide
2611:Chlorine trifluoride
1659:Selenium oxychloride
1529:Phenyldichloroarsine
1523:Methyldichloroarsine
1461:Nickel tetracarbonyl
1326:at Wikimedia Commons
1157:10.1039/CA8783400392
605:(fire diamond)
74:2-Chloroacetophenone
72:α-Chloroacetophenone
57:Preferred IUPAC name
5329:Lachrymatory agents
5324:Riot control agents
5146:Cannabigerolic acid
4908:Nordihydrocapsaicin
4869:(acidic conditions)
3068:Bromobenzyl cyanide
2836:Dimethylheptylpyran
2764:Diphenylcyanoarsine
2759:Diphenylchlorarsine
2691:Methyl vinyl ketone
2616:Perchloryl fluoride
2480:Bicyclic phosphates
2299:Trimethyl phosphite
2248:Phosphoryl chloride
1517:Ethyldichloroarsine
1491:Chloral cyanohydrin
1481:Acetone cyanohydrin
1451:Methyl cyanoformate
1216:1978ArTox..40...75B
1008:, Illustration 5.65
799:, is a substituted
594:P305+P351+P338+P310
440:Solubility in water
385: g·mol
29:
5109:Vernonia tweediana
4688:African blue basil
4660:Bisandrographolide
4246:Steviol glycosides
4199:Hydroxycitronellal
3945:Dehydroligustilide
3765:Angelica acutiloba
3679:Dehydroligustilide
3441:CB military symbol
3299:Enterotoxin type B
3254:Cyclopiazonic acid
3213:N-Methylmorpholine
3108:Ethyl bromoacetate
2586:Ethyl bromoacetate
2553:Perfluoroisobutene
2294:Triethyl phosphite
1565:Levinstein mustard
1456:Iron pentacarbonyl
1224:10.1007/BF01891962
1004:2021-05-06 at the
953:corneal epithelial
871:Riot control agent
856:aluminium chloride
809:riot control agent
797:chloroacetophenone
781:Infobox references
740:(Immediate danger)
624:
334:c1ccc(cc1)C(=O)CCl
28:Phenacyl chloride
27:
5311:
5310:
5289:
5288:
5221:Meclofenamic acid
5027:melegueta peppers
4898:Nonivamide (PAVA)
4634:melegueta peppers
4554:
4553:
4500:
4499:
4412:
4411:
4332:Meclofenamic acid
4255:Stevia rebaudiana
4115:
4114:
4077:Meclofenamic acid
3983:
3982:
3873:melegueta peppers
3846:Phenacyl chloride
3801:N-Methylmaleimide
3791:Methyl salicylate
3736:Hydrogen peroxide
3689:Diallyl disulfide
3551:melegueta peppers
3449:
3448:
3259:Histrionicotoxins
3237:Biological toxins
3113:Ethyl iodoacetate
2681:Methyl isocyanate
2641:Selenoyl fluoride
2631:Mercuric chloride
2601:Tetranitromethane
2455:Sulfuryl fluoride
2440:HN3 hydrochloride
2435:HN2 hydrochloride
2430:HN1 hydrochloride
2317:
2316:
2274:Phenacyl chloride
2269:Pinacolyl alcohol
2215:Isopropyl alcohol
2210:4-Hydroxycoumarin
2144:1,8-Dibromooctane
1667:
1666:
1591:Nitrogen mustards
1404:Cyanogen chloride
1324:Phenacyl chloride
1322:Media related to
1185:Collected Volumes
1178:Organic Syntheses
881:Second World Wars
805:organic chemistry
793:Phenacyl chloride
789:Chemical compound
787:
786:
538:Hazard statements
269:CompTox Dashboard
131:Interactive image
18:Chloracetophenone
16:(Redirected from
5351:
5339:Aromatic ketones
5156:Cannabigerovarin
4888:N-Oleoyldopamine
4794:Euodia ruticarpa
4760:Dihydrocapsaicin
4567:
4566:
4563:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4425:
4424:
4421:
4169:Cooling Agent 10
4128:
4127:
4124:
3996:
3995:
3992:
3514:4-Hydroxynonenal
3504:
3503:
3500:
3485:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3453:
3452:
3423:White phosphorus
3400:post-combustion
3396:Depleted uranium
3223:Osmium tetroxide
3098:Phenacyl bromide
2661:Nitrogen dioxide
2636:Selenium dioxide
2626:Cadmium chloride
2083:Dimefox (TL-792)
1678:
1677:
1506:
1505:
1431:Hydrogen sulfide
1410:Hydrogen cyanide
1399:Cyanogen bromide
1365:chemical warfare
1354:
1347:
1340:
1331:
1330:
1321:
1305:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1199:
1190:
1188:
1181:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1084:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1028:
1009:
995:
961:pulmonary injury
938:tracheobronchial
930:mucous membranes
866:
771:
765:
762:
761:
679:lowest published
644:
637:
630:
615:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
517:
512:
507:
384:
372:
369:
363:
357:
350:Chemical formula
293:
292:
277:
275:
259:
239:
228:
214:
195:
184:
173:
153:
133:
109:
46:
37:
30:
26:
21:
5359:
5358:
5354:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5348:
5334:Organochlorides
5314:
5313:
5312:
5307:
5285:
5276:Tolfenamic acid
5196:Flufenamic acid
5092:
4999:Resiniferatoxin
4992:Ruta graveolens
4755:Diacyl glycerol
4550:
4534:
4496:
4492:
4472:
4458:
4408:
4394:Tolfenamic acid
4387:Ruta graveolens
4327:Flufenamic acid
4290:
4239:Ruta graveolens
4150:(intracellular)
4111:
4107:Tolfenamic acid
4062:Flufenamic acid
4040:
4016:Diacyl glycerol
3979:
3923:
3609:Cannabichromene
3519:4-Oxo-2-nonenal
3491:
3480:
3450:
3445:
3427:
3368:
3279:Botulinum toxin
3232:
3181:
3142:
3053:Benzyl chloride
3008:
3001:
2785:
2778:
2769:Cacodyl cyanide
2731:Vomiting agents
2725:
2523:
2516:
2425:Dimethylmercury
2347:Botulinum toxin
2313:
2092:
2006:
1908:
1861:Novichok agents
1855:
1839:
1766:
1663:
1637:
1618:
1585:
1557:Sulfur mustards
1551:
1495:
1441:Carbon monoxide
1421:Cacodyl cyanide
1380:
1379:
1363:Agents used in
1358:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1251:
1247:
1200:
1193:
1183:
1169:
1165:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1085:
1078:
1070:
1066:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1029:
1012:
1006:Wayback Machine
996:
992:
987:
873:
825:
790:
783:
778:
777:
776: ?)
767:
763:
759:
755:
741:
728:
715:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
682:
676:
649:
648:
647:
646:
639:
632:
625:
621:
613:
574:
540:
526:
500:
477:
442:
382:
366:
360:
352:
338:
335:
330:
329:
318:
315:
314:
308:
307:
296:
278:
271:
262:
242:
229:
217:
204:
176:
156:
136:
123:
112:
99:
85:
83:
81:
79:
77:
75:
73:
71:
63:
62:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5357:
5347:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5309:
5308:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5163:
5153:
5143:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5100:
5098:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5075:
5070:
5054:
5040:
5030:
5012:
4996:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4966:Dorrigo pepper
4959:
4945:
4938:Phorbol esters
4935:
4930:
4925:
4915:
4905:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4870:
4863:
4858:
4848:
4838:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4798:
4786:
4772:
4767:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4725:
4715:
4708:Cannabidivarin
4705:
4695:
4676:camphor laurel
4669:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4637:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4573:
4571:
4564:
4556:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4542:
4540:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4519:
4517:
4510:
4502:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4480:
4478:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4431:
4429:
4422:
4414:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4344:
4339:
4337:Mefenamic acid
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4259:
4243:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4145:
4140:
4134:
4132:
4125:
4117:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4033:
4030:St John's wort
4023:
4018:
4013:
4010:St John's wort
4002:
4000:
3993:
3985:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3957:
3952:
3942:
3937:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3906:
3896:
3891:
3881:
3876:
3858:
3855:Dorrigo pepper
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3823:
3813:
3803:
3798:
3788:
3783:
3776:Sichuan pepper
3769:
3753:
3748:
3746:Isothiocyanate
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3691:
3686:
3676:
3666:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3639:Cinnamaldehyde
3636:
3626:
3616:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3569:
3559:
3554:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3510:
3508:
3501:
3493:
3492:
3479:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3456:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3402:uranium oxides
3393:
3388:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3133:Crotonaldehyde
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3058:Benzyl bromide
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2997:Chlorpromazine
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2790:
2788:
2784:Incapacitating
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2747:
2742:
2735:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2671:Sulfur dioxide
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2561:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2539:
2534:
2528:
2526:
2524:choking agents
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2420:Tetraethyllead
2417:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2384:
2378:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2124:A.P.C. complex
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1835:V-sub x (GD-7)
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1733:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1693:
1686:
1684:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1632:Phosgene oxime
1628:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1595:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1561:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1512:
1503:
1501:Blister agents
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1471:Glycolonitrile
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1396:
1390:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1370:incapacitation
1367:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1313:
1312:External links
1310:
1307:
1306:
1297:
1288:
1261:(2): 103–110.
1245:
1191:
1163:
1131:
1122:
1095:(3): 531–534.
1076:
1064:
1042:
1010:
989:
988:
986:
983:
932:(oral, nasal,
919:facial tissues
872:
869:
868:
867:
824:
821:
788:
785:
784:
779:
757:
756:
752:standard state
749:
746:
745:
742:
736:
733:
732:
729:
723:
720:
719:
716:
710:
707:
706:
697:
696:
683:
674:
672:
669:
668:
661:
660:
657:
651:
650:
640:
633:
626:
611:
610:
609:
608:
606:
597:
596:
590:P304+P340+P311
586:P302+P352+P312
582:P301+P310+P330
575:
570:
567:
566:
541:
536:
533:
532:
527:
522:
519:
518:
501:
496:
493:
492:
482:
481:
478:
475:
472:
471:
462:
461:
457:
456:
453:
451:Vapor pressure
447:
446:
443:
438:
435:
434:
431:
425:
424:
421:
415:
414:
411:
405:
404:
401:
395:
394:
391:
387:
386:
380:
374:
373:
364:
358:
353:
348:
345:
344:
340:
339:
337:
336:
333:
325:
324:
323:
320:
319:
317:
316:
312:
311:
303:
302:
301:
298:
297:
295:
294:
281:
279:
267:
264:
263:
261:
260:
252:
250:
244:
243:
241:
240:
232:
230:
222:
219:
218:
216:
215:
207:
205:
200:
197:
196:
186:
178:
177:
175:
174:
166:
164:
158:
157:
155:
154:
146:
144:
138:
137:
135:
134:
126:
124:
117:
114:
113:
111:
110:
102:
100:
95:
92:
91:
87:
86:
69:
65:
64:
60:
59:
53:
52:
48:
47:
39:
38:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5356:
5345:
5344:Acetophenones
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5306:
5305:
5301:
5298:
5292:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5256:Ruthenium red
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5236:Niflumic acid
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5171:
5167:
5164:
5161:
5157:
5154:
5151:
5147:
5144:
5141:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5104:α-Spinasterol
5102:
5101:
5099:
5095:
5089:
5086:
5083:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5063:
5058:
5055:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5041:
5038:
5034:
5031:
5028:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5005:
5000:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4967:
4963:
4960:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4923:
4919:
4916:
4913:
4909:
4906:
4903:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4878:
4874:
4871:
4868:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4856:
4852:
4849:
4846:
4842:
4839:
4836:
4832:
4831:Homocapsaicin
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4806:
4802:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4790:
4787:
4784:
4780:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4765:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4745:
4744:wild bergamot
4741:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4726:
4723:
4719:
4716:
4713:
4709:
4706:
4703:
4699:
4696:
4693:
4692:camphor basil
4689:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4645:
4641:
4638:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4568:
4565:
4562:
4557:
4547:
4546:Ruthenium red
4544:
4543:
4541:
4537:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4514:
4511:
4508:
4503:
4493:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4423:
4420:
4415:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4377:Ruthenium red
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4357:Niflumic acid
4355:
4352:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:; indirectly)
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4247:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4184:Frescolat MGA
4182:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4126:
4123:
4118:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4087:Niflumic acid
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3994:
3991:
3986:
3976:
3975:Ruthenium red
3973:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3926:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3827:
3824:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3811:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3786:Methylglyoxal
3784:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3761:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3660:
3659:Cuminaldehyde
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3620:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3477:
3472:
3470:
3465:
3463:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3413:its compounds
3410:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3349:Tetanospasmin
3347:
3345:
3344:T-2 mycotoxin
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3274:Batrachotoxin
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3218:Allyl alcohol
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3145:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3078:Chloroacetone
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3063:Benzyl iodide
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3017:Xylyl bromide
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2805:Butyrophenone
2803:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2774:o-Dianisidine
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2621:Cadmium oxide
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2470:Batrachotoxin
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2353:Tetanospasmin
2351:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1624:Nettle agents
1621:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1426:Cacodyl oxide
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1301:
1292:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1196:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1167:
1158:
1153:
1150:: 419. 1878.
1149:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1126:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1081:
1074:
1073:GESTIS 037810
1068:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1038:
1034:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1007:
1003:
1000:
994:
990:
982:
980:
976:
972:
968:
966:
962:
958:
954:
949:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
907:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
884:
882:
878:
865:
861:
860:
859:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
832:
830:
820:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
782:
775:
770:
753:
747:
743:
739:
735:
734:
730:
727:(Recommended)
726:
722:
721:
717:
714:(Permissible)
713:
709:
708:
704:
703:
698:
684:
680:
671:
670:
666:
662:
658:
656:
653:
652:
645:
638:
631:
607:
604:
603:
599:
598:
576:
573:
569:
568:
542:
539:
535:
534:
531:
528:
525:
521:
520:
516:
511:
506:
502:
499:
495:
494:
490:
488:
483:
479:
474:
473:
469:
468:
463:
458:
454:
452:
449:
448:
444:
441:
437:
436:
432:
430:
429:Boiling point
427:
426:
422:
420:
419:Melting point
417:
416:
412:
410:
407:
406:
402:
400:
397:
396:
392:
389:
388:
381:
379:
376:
375:
354:
351:
347:
346:
341:
332:
331:
328:
321:
310:
309:
306:
299:
291:
287:
286:DTXSID9020293
283:
282:
280:
270:
266:
265:
258:
254:
253:
251:
249:
246:
245:
238:
234:
233:
231:
225:
221:
220:
213:
209:
208:
206:
203:
199:
198:
194:
190:
187:
185:
183:ECHA InfoCard
180:
179:
172:
168:
167:
165:
163:
160:
159:
152:
148:
147:
145:
143:
140:
139:
132:
128:
127:
125:
121:
116:
115:
108:
104:
103:
101:
98:
94:
93:
88:
66:
58:
54:
49:
45:
40:
36:
31:
19:
5296:
5295:
5136:Cannabigerol
5107:
5060:
5002:
4990:
4952:black pepper
4912:chili pepper
4845:chili pepper
4835:chili pepper
4826:Hepoxilin B3
4821:Hepoxilin A3
4792:
4764:chili pepper
4722:chili pepper
4663:
4526:
4385:
4312:Clotrimazole
4253:
4237:
4189:Frescolat ML
4097:Progesterone
4006:Adhyperforin
3919:WIN 55,212-2
3912:
3845:
3763:
3731:Hepoxilin B3
3726:Hepoxilin A3
3697:
3629:Cannabigerol
3354:Tetrodotoxin
3304:Grayanotoxin
3083:Bromoacetone
3073:Thiophosgene
3032:
3028:Mace (spray)
3022:Pepper spray
3007:Lachrymatory
2992:Fluphenazine
2987:Procarbazine
2897:Sleeping gas
2745:Chloropicrin
2656:Nitric oxide
2558:Chloropicrin
2502:Cloflubicyne
2465:Oxotremorine
2414:Antillatoxin
2393:Tetrodotoxin
2342:Bungarotoxin
2273:
2238:Nitromethane
2200:Formaldoxime
2139:Cyclohexanol
2104:Acetonitrile
1851:GV (EA-5365)
1673:Nerve agents
1476:Lactonitrile
1386:Blood agents
1375:riot control
1300:
1291:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1210:(2): 75–95.
1207:
1203:
1184:
1176:
1166:
1147:
1143:
1134:
1125:
1092:
1088:
1067:
1054:
1045:
997:Verma, K.S.
993:
977:(especially
969:
950:
934:conjunctival
927:
908:
904:pepper spray
892:paramilitary
885:
874:
840:acetophenone
836:chlorination
833:
829:acetophenone
826:
812:
801:acetophenone
796:
792:
791:
701:
664:
601:
529:
486:
480:Combustible
476:Main hazards
465:
151:ChEMBL105712
90:Identifiers
68:Other names
5271:Tivanisiran
5176:Capsazepine
5088:Zucapsaicin
4956:long pepper
4922:Pacific yew
4811:GSK1016790A
4698:Cannabidiol
4684:camphorweed
4372:RQ-00203078
4367:PF-05105679
4307:Capsazepine
4072:GSK2293017A
4036:Substance P
4021:GSK1702934A
3970:PF-04745637
3909:Umbellulone
3830:Pacific yew
3816:Oleocanthal
3795:wintergreen
3756:Ligustilide
3619:Cannabidiol
3584:horseradish
3364:Veratridine
3339:Shiga toxin
3294:Domoic acid
3157:Thioacetone
3118:Iodoacetone
2982:Pentazocine
2977:Sevoflurane
2942:CAR-302,668
2937:CAR-302,282
2932:CAR-302,196
2927:CAR-301,060
2922:CAR-226,086
2902:Carfentanil
2800:Apomorphine
2721:Green Cross
2512:Domoic acid
2323:Neurotoxins
2243:OPA mixture
2134:Chlorosoman
2129:Chlorosarin
2063:Phospholine
1762:Crotylsarin
1747:Fluorotabun
1719:Chlorosoman
1701:Chlorosarin
975:nociceptors
955:damage and
823:Preparation
665:Lethal dose
655:Flash point
524:Signal word
470:(OHS/OSH):
413:1.324 g/cm
390:Appearance
343:Properties
189:100.007.757
82:Weeping gas
5318:Categories
5166:Cannabinol
5066:pooissonii
5057:Tinyatoxin
5008:pooissonii
4972:Probenecid
4962:Polygodial
4918:Paclitaxel
4902:PAVA spray
4789:Evodiamine
4740:pepperwort
4655:Anandamide
4622:α-Sanshool
4570:Activators
4523:Triptolide
4516:Activators
4428:Activators
4404:TRPM4-IN-5
4322:Elismetrep
4250:stevioside
4178:eucalyptus
4174:Eucalyptol
4138:ADP-ribose
4131:Activators
4067:GSK417651A
4026:Hyperforin
3999:Activators
3879:Tear gases
3851:Polygodial
3841:PF-4840154
3826:Paclitaxel
3694:Dicentrine
3604:Bradykinin
3539:α-Sanshool
3507:Activators
3489:modulators
3314:Maitotoxin
3309:Guanitoxin
3289:Ciguatoxin
3284:Brevetoxin
3269:Anatoxin-a
3264:Aflatoxins
3177:Putrescine
3172:Cadaverine
3148:Malodorant
2967:Isoflurane
2952:Desflurane
2947:Benperidol
2892:Psilocybin
2887:PAVA spray
2569:Diphosgene
2522:Pulmonary/
2450:Picrotoxin
2409:Strychnine
2403:Brevetoxin
2387:Maitotoxin
2370:Guanitoxin
2364:Ciguatoxin
2331:Anatoxin-a
2264:Pinacolone
2097:Precursors
2058:Selenophos
1914:Carbamates
1830:Chinese VX
1736:Cyclosarin
1725:Ethylsarin
1696:Sarin (GB)
1547:Lewisite 3
1541:Lewisite 2
1510:Arsenicals
985:References
979:trigeminal
946:dermatitis
911:synonymous
858:catalyst:
854:, with an
498:Pictograms
445:insoluble
378:Molar mass
257:88B5039IQG
202:IUPHAR/BPS
162:ChemSpider
118:3D model (
97:CAS Number
5297:See also:
5281:TRPV3-74a
5266:SB-705498
5261:SB-366791
5211:Lanthanum
5206:HC-067047
5126:Asivatrep
4987:Rutamarin
4851:Incensole
4801:Gingerols
4770:Estradiol
4746:, others)
4728:Carvacrol
4718:Capsaicin
4612:13-oxoODE
4602:12S-HpETE
4582:5',6'-EET
4382:Rutamarin
4281:Thio-BCTC
4234:Rutamarin
4164:Coolact P
3955:HC-030031
3820:olive oil
3716:Gingerols
3529:12S-HpETE
3409:Plutonium
3359:Volkensin
3334:Saxitoxin
3324:Palytoxin
3249:Aconitine
2972:Halothane
2962:Bufotenin
2957:Enflurane
2877:Kolokol-1
2857:Pethidine
2831:Etoxadrol
2816:Etorphine
2812:(CS-4640)
2796:(CS-4030)
2754:glycerine
2701:Salcomine
2460:Tremorine
2398:Aconitine
2381:Palytoxin
2359:Ryanodine
2336:Saxitoxin
2073:Ro 3-0422
1844:GV agents
1707:Thiosarin
1436:Phosphine
548:H311+H331
489:labelling
5231:NGD-8243
5216:Mavatrep
5201:GRC-6211
5170:cannabis
5160:cannabis
5150:cannabis
5140:cannabis
5121:AMG-9810
5097:Blockers
5078:Vanillin
5073:Tramadol
5037:cannabis
5015:Shogaols
4948:Piperine
4712:cannabis
4702:cannabis
4680:rosemary
4597:12S-HETE
4592:9-oxoODE
4539:Blockers
4489:PI(4,5)P
4477:Blockers
4455:PI(3,5)P
4362:Ononetin
4347:Nicotine
4295:Blockers
4271:fructose
4263:tastants
4209:Linalool
4194:Geraniol
4154:CIM-0216
4045:Blockers
3960:Nicotine
3935:A-967079
3928:Blockers
3888:cannabis
3861:Shogaols
3806:Nicotine
3772:Linalool
3711:Formalin
3673:turmeric
3669:Curcumin
3643:cinnamon
3633:cannabis
3623:cannabis
3613:cannabis
3599:ASP-7663
3557:Acrolein
3418:Polonium
3319:Modeccin
3228:Acrolein
3193:Lewisite
3138:DRC-5593
3093:Acrolein
2917:CS-27349
2867:Ibogaine
2750:Litharge
2739:Adamsite
2716:Diborane
2706:Fluomine
2686:Ethenone
2581:Acrolein
2548:Fluorine
2542:Phosgene
2532:Chlorine
1932:EA-3887A
1904:C01-A042
1899:C01-A039
1894:C01-A035
1772:V-agents
1682:G-agents
1567:(EA-229)
1535:Lewisite
1394:Cyanogen
1283:21164652
1275:15071820
1240:35150415
1117:45123933
1109:10233281
1061:(NIOSH).
1039:(NIOSH).
1002:Archived
965:asphyxia
957:chemosis
900:tear gas
744:15 mg/m
602:NFPA 704
460:Hazards
107:532-27-4
5251:RN-9893
5246:RN-1734
5116:AMG-517
5082:vanilla
5051:oregano
5023:Sichuan
5001:(RTX) (
4977:Protons
4940:(e.g.,
4873:Menthol
4855:incense
4775:Eugenol
4732:oregano
4672:Camphor
4640:Allicin
4630:Sichuan
4617:20-HETE
4607:13-HODE
4450:ML2-SA1
4351:tobacco
4302:AMG-333
4275:sucrose
4267:glucose
4265:(e.g.,
4248:(e.g.,
4214:Menthol
4148:Calcium
3964:tobacco
3940:AM-0902
3869:Sichuan
3810:tobacco
3699:Lindera
3576:mustard
3562:Allicin
3547:Sichuan
3524:4,5-EET
3486:channel
3167:Skatole
3162:Allicin
2872:EA-3834
2862:EA-3580
2852:EA-3443
2847:EA-3167
2842:EA-2148
2826:CS-4297
2821:EA-2092
2810:EA-4941
2537:Bromine
2175:EA-1224
2155:EA-1250
2068:R-16661
2043:EA-2613
2038:EA-2098
2033:EA-2054
2028:EA-2012
1997:3152 CT
1987:TL-1317
1982:TL-1299
1977:TL-1238
1947:EA-4056
1942:EA-3990
1937:EA-3966
1927:EA-3887
1825:EA-1763
1785:EA-3148
1780:EA-2192
1757:EA-4352
1752:EA-1356
1486:Stibine
1212:Bibcode
1033:"#0119"
963:and/or
942:syncope
915:Kleenex
848:benzene
817:cyanide
774:what is
772: (
409:Density
224:PubChem
5191:DHEA-S
5043:Thymol
5019:ginger
4942:4α-PDD
4805:ginger
4644:garlic
4626:ginger
4587:9-HODE
4484:ML-SI3
4445:ML-SA1
4440:MK6-83
4261:Sweet
4224:PMD 38
4204:Icilin
4057:DHEA-S
3949:celery
3865:ginger
3760:celery
3751:JT-010
3741:Icilin
3720:ginger
3683:celery
3588:wasabi
3580:radish
3566:garlic
3543:ginger
3385:Napalm
3150:agents
3009:agents
2912:JB-336
2907:JB-318
2882:LSD-25
2838:(DMHP)
2786:agents
2445:A-8564
2405:(PbTX)
2355:(TeNT)
1972:TL-599
1962:T-1194
1957:T-1152
1952:T-1123
1721:(ClGD)
1703:(ClGB)
1614:TL-301
1416:Arsine
1281:
1273:
1238:
1232:350195
1230:
1115:
1107:
888:CS gas
850:using
769:verify
766:
530:Danger
383:154.59
327:SMILES
142:ChEMBL
51:Names
5181:DCDPC
5047:thyme
4783:clove
4779:basil
4736:thyme
4650:AM404
4577:2-APB
4463:SF-22
4435:EVP21
4419:TRPML
4317:DCDPC
4286:WS-12
4052:DCDPC
3903:onion
3780:thyme
3702:spp.)
3663:cumin
3594:AM404
3373:Other
3329:Ricin
3244:Abrin
3203:KB-16
2485:IPTBO
2416:(ATX)
2389:(MTX)
2383:(PTX)
2372:(GTX)
2366:(CTX)
2349:(BTX)
2205:Nital
2011:Other
1889:A-262
1884:A-242
1879:A-234
1874:A-232
1869:A-208
1713:Soman
1709:(SGB)
1690:Tabun
1649:KB-16
1642:Other
1279:S2CID
1236:S2CID
1113:S2CID
1071:GHS:
971:TRPA1
898:” or
877:First
702:NIOSH
305:InChI
237:10757
171:10303
120:JSmol
5186:DHEA
5131:BCTC
5025:and
4982:RhTx
4877:mint
4865:Low
4816:Heat
4750:DHEA
4632:and
4561:TRPV
4507:TRPP
4468:SN-2
4399:TPPO
4218:mint
4159:Cold
4143:BCTC
4122:TRPM
4102:Pyr3
3990:TRPC
3871:and
3549:and
3498:TRPA
3411:and
3024:(OC)
2741:(DM)
2571:(DP)
2560:(PS)
2544:(CG)
2495:TBPS
2490:TBPO
2338:(TZ)
2260:(TH)
2229:(DF)
2223:(SW)
2217:(TB)
2190:DMHP
2170:DEHP
2160:DIHP
2151:(KB)
2088:MSPI
1738:(GF)
1727:(GE)
1715:(GD)
1692:(GA)
1634:(CX)
1581:CEES
1549:(L3)
1543:(L2)
1531:(PD)
1525:(MD)
1519:(ED)
1412:(AC)
1406:(CK)
1271:PMID
1228:PMID
1105:PMID
936:and
896:Mace
879:and
738:IDLH
578:P280
564:H335
560:H334
556:H318
552:H315
544:H300
399:Odor
248:UNII
212:6285
84:Mace
4252:) (
3484:TRP
3048:CNS
2577:(Z)
2119:AlP
2114:ATO
1609:HN3
1604:HN2
1599:HN1
1537:(L)
1263:doi
1220:doi
1152:doi
1097:doi
1093:140
925:).
846:of
838:of
725:REL
712:PEL
487:GHS
274:EPA
227:CID
5320::
5302:•
5049:,
5021:,
4954:,
4867:pH
4781:,
4742:,
4738:,
4734:,
4690:,
4686:,
4682:,
4678:,
4628:,
4273:,
4269:,
3867:,
3778:,
3762:,
3586:,
3582:,
3578:,
3545:,
3198:CX
3043:CR
3038:CS
3033:CN
2794:BZ
2309:TG
2304:TC
2279:QL
2165:ZS
2109:AT
1820:VX
1815:VS
1810:VR
1805:VP
1800:VM
1795:VG
1790:VE
1742:GP
1731:GH
1277:.
1269:.
1259:22
1257:.
1234:.
1226:.
1218:.
1208:40
1206:.
1194:^
1182:;
1175:.
1148:34
1146:.
1142:.
1111:.
1103:.
1091:.
1079:^
1057:.
1053:.
1035:.
1013:^
967:.
948:.
831:.
813:CN
675:Lo
673:LC
592:,
588:,
584:,
580:,
562:,
558:,
554:,
550:,
546:,
491::
368:Cl
80:CN
5172:)
5168:(
5162:)
5158:(
5152:)
5148:(
5142:)
5138:(
5112:)
5106:(
5084:)
5080:(
5069:)
5064:/
5059:(
5053:)
5045:(
5039:)
5035:(
5029:)
5017:(
5011:)
5006:/
4995:)
4989:(
4968:)
4964:(
4958:)
4950:(
4944:)
4924:)
4920:(
4914:)
4910:(
4904:)
4900:(
4879:)
4875:(
4857:)
4853:(
4847:)
4843:(
4837:)
4833:(
4807:)
4803:(
4797:)
4791:(
4785:)
4777:(
4766:)
4762:(
4730:(
4724:)
4720:(
4714:)
4710:(
4704:)
4700:(
4694:)
4674:(
4668:)
4662:(
4646:)
4642:(
4636:)
4624:(
4531:)
4525:(
4491:2
4457:2
4390:)
4384:(
4353:)
4349:(
4258:)
4242:)
4236:(
4220:)
4216:(
4180:)
4176:(
4032:)
4028:(
4012:)
4008:(
3966:)
3962:(
3951:)
3947:(
3915:)
3911:(
3905:)
3901:(
3890:)
3886:(
3875:)
3863:(
3857:)
3853:(
3832:)
3828:(
3822:)
3818:(
3812:)
3808:(
3797:)
3793:(
3782:)
3774:(
3768:)
3758:(
3722:)
3718:(
3696:(
3685:)
3681:(
3675:)
3671:(
3665:)
3661:(
3645:)
3641:(
3635:)
3631:(
3625:)
3621:(
3615:)
3611:(
3590:)
3574:(
3568:)
3564:(
3553:)
3541:(
3475:e
3468:t
3461:v
2752:-
1576:Q
1571:T
1353:e
1346:t
1339:v
1285:.
1265::
1242:.
1222::
1214::
1189:.
1160:.
1154::
1119:.
1099::
764:N
681:)
677:(
643:0
636:1
629:3
371:O
365:7
362:H
359:8
356:C
276:)
272:(
122:)
20:)
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