Gospel - Knowledge

528: 1343: 1259:." A group of kids sits in a circle, the first tells a brief story to the one sitting next to her, who tells it to the next, and to the next, and so on, until it comes back full circle to the one who started it. Invariably, the story has changed so much in the process of retelling that everyone gets a good laugh. Imagine this same activity taking place, not in a solitary living room with ten kids on one afternoon, but over the expanse of the Roman Empire (some 2,500 miles across), with thousands of participants—from different backgrounds, with different concerns, and in different contexts—some of whom have to translate the stories into different languages. 1897:, p. 261–262): "The Gospels cannot be equated with biographies primary purpose was not to present a detailed historical picture of the life of Jesus. And the non-Christian materials provide us with no essential new knowledge beyond the accounts of the Gospels the situation in regard to sources is highly unsatisfactory; legendary and historical accounts are hopelessly intertwined. The historian must recognize that the materials available to us do not enable us to reconstruct Jesus as he really was. only the Jesus the early disciples saw, the Christ who has survived in the beliefs of the Christian community. 1041: 1954:: "John, however, is so different that it cannot be reconciled with the Synoptics except in very general ways Scholars have unanimously chosen the Synoptic Gospels’ version of Jesus’ teaching The Synoptic Gospels, then, are the primary sources for knowledge of the historical Jesus. They are not, however, the equivalent of an academic biography of a recent historical figure. Instead, the Synoptic Gospels are theological documents that provide information the authors regarded as necessary for the religious development of the Christian communities in which they worked." 1903:: "John, however, is so different that it cannot be reconciled with the Synoptics except in very general ways Scholars have unanimously chosen the Synoptic Gospels’ version of Jesus’ teaching The Synoptic Gospels, then, are the primary sources for knowledge of the historical Jesus. They are not, however, the equivalent of an academic biography of a recent historical figure. Instead, the Synoptic Gospels are theological documents that provide information the authors regarded as necessary for the religious development of the Christian communities in which they worked." 2121: 2945: 3390: 3378: 1710:, c. 150, had a much shorter version of the gospel of Luke, differing substantially from what has now become the standard text of the gospel and far less oriented towards the Jewish scriptures. Marcion's critics said that he had edited out the portions of Luke he did not like, though Marcion argued that his was the more genuinely original text. He is said to have rejected all other gospels, including those of Matthew, Mark and especially John, which he alleged had been forged by 9495: 8715: 469: 8704: 1773: 481: 4807: 889: 1264:

Synoptic tradition...are the memories of the first disciples-not Jesus himself, but the remembered Jesus. The idea that we can get back to an objective historical reality, which we can wholly separate and disentangle from the disciples' memories...is simply unrealistic." According to Chris Keith, a historical Jesus is "ultimately unattainable, but can be hypothesized on the basis of the interpretations of the

1909:, p. 53): "... early Christians who passed along the traditions sometimes found it legitimate and necessary to change a historical fact in order to make a historical point since the Gospels preserve traditions that have been modified over time in their retelling, it is impossible simply to take these stories at face value and uncritically assume that they represent historically accurate information." 1741:

the instructions of Jesus. The text was recovered from a cave in Egypt by a thief and thereafter sold on the black market until it was finally discovered by a collector who, with the help of academics from Yale and Princeton, was able to verify its authenticity. The document itself does not claim to have been authored by Judas (it is, rather, a gospel about Judas), and is known to date to at least 180 AD.

1268:, and as part of a larger process of accounting for how and why early Christians came to view Jesus in the ways that they did." According to Keith, "these two models are methodologically and epistemologically incompatible," calling into question the methods and aim of the first model. Keith argues that criticism of the criteria of authenticity does not mean scholars cannot research the 689:. In modern scholarship, the Synoptic Gospels are the primary sources for reconstructing Christ's ministry while John is used less since it differs from the synoptics. However, according to the manuscript evidence and citation frequency by the early Church Fathers, Matthew and John were the most popular Gospels while Luke and Mark were less popular in the early centuries of the church. 1071:–70, Matthew and Luke around AD 85–90, and John AD 90–110. Despite the traditional ascriptions, most scholars hold that all four are anonymous and most scholars agree that none were written by eyewitnesses. A few scholars defend the traditional ascriptions or attributions, but for a variety of reasons, the majority of scholars have abandoned this view or hold it only tenuously. 1923:, pp. 371–372): "Through the main body of the Synoptic tradition, I believe, we have in most cases direct access to the teaching and ministry of Jesus as it was remembered from the beginning of the transmission process (which often predates Easter) and so fairly direct access to the ministry and teaching of Jesus through the eyes and ears of those who went about with him." 996:

understanding of the Messiah), but in Matthew they demonstrate his divinity, and the "young man" who appears at Jesus' tomb in Mark becomes a radiant angel in Matthew. Luke, while following Mark's plot more faithfully than Matthew, has expanded on the source, corrected Mark's grammar and syntax, and eliminated some passages entirely, notably most of chapters 6 and 7.

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Jerusalem, he is at first acclaimed but then rejected, betrayed, and crucified, and when the women who have followed him come to his tomb, they find it empty. Mark never calls Jesus "God" or claims that he existed prior to his earthly life, apparently believes that he had a normal human parentage and birth, and makes no attempt to trace his ancestry back to

71: 1238:, "...the Judaism of the period treated such traditions very carefully, and the New Testament writers in numerous passages applied to apostolic traditions the same technical terminology found elsewhere in Judaism In this way they both identified their traditions as 'holy word' and showed their concern for a careful and ordered transmission of it." 1879:, p. 5): "The main sources for our knowledge about Jesus himself, the gospels in the New Testament, are, from the point of view of the historian, tainted by the fact that they were written by people who intended to glorify their hero Despite this we have a good idea of the external course of his life, especially his public career." 1225:

Through the main body of the Synoptic tradition we have in most cases direct access to the teaching and ministry of Jesus as it was remembered from the beginning of the transmission process and so fairly direct access to the ministry and teaching of Jesus through the eyes and ears of those who went

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Purports to tell the story of the gospel from the perspective of Judas, the disciple who is usually said to have betrayed Jesus. It paints an unusual picture of the relationship between Jesus and Judas, in that it appears to interpret Judas's act not as betrayal, but rather as an act of obedience to

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also argued for a stable oral tradition, stating "Communities that live in an oral culture tend to be story-telling communities Such stories acquire a fairly fixed form, down to precise phraseology they retain that form, and phraseology, as long as they are told The storyteller in such a culture

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The majority view among critical scholars is that the authors of Matthew and Luke based their narratives on Mark's gospel, editing him to suit their own ends, and the contradictions and discrepancies among these three versions and John make it impossible to accept both traditions as equally reliable

972:, dies on the cross and is raised from the dead. Each has its own distinctive understanding of him and his divine role and scholars recognize that the differences of detail among the gospels are irreconcilable, and any attempt to harmonize them would only disrupt their distinct theological messages. 1185:

to complain in the 3rd century that "the differences among manuscripts have become great either neglect to check over what they have transcribed, or, in the process of checking, they make additions or deletions as they please." Most of these are insignificant, but some are significant, an example

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says that the original may date from c. 150. Some scholars believe that it may represent a tradition independent from the canonical gospels, but that developed over a long time and was influenced by Matthew and Luke; other scholars believe it is a later text, dependent from the canonical gospels.

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because of their close similarities of content, arrangement, and language. The authors and editors of John may have known the synoptics, but did not use them in the way that Matthew and Luke used Mark. There is a near-consensus that this gospel had its origins as a "signs" source (or gospel) that

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In the immediate aftermath of Jesus' death, his followers expected him to return at any moment, certainly within their own lifetimes, and in consequence there was little motivation to write anything down for future generations, but as eyewitnesses began to die, and as the missionary needs of the

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The authors of Matthew and Luke added infancy and resurrection narratives to the story they found in Mark, although the two differ markedly. Each also makes subtle theological changes to Mark: the Markan miracle stories, for example, confirm Jesus' status as an emissary of God (which was Mark's

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While multiple quests have been undertaken to reconstruct the historical Jesus, since the late 1990s concerns have been growing about the possibility to reconstruct a historical Jesus from the Gospel-texts. According to Dunn, "What we actually have in the earliest retellings of what is now the

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because they present very similar accounts of the life of Jesus. Mark begins with the baptism of the adult Jesus and the heavenly declaration that he is the son of God; he gathers followers and begins his ministry, and tells his disciples that he must die in Jerusalem but that he will rise; in

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is often superior to that of the synoptics. Its testimony that Jesus was executed before, rather than on, Passover, might well be more accurate, and its presentation of Jesus in the garden and the prior meeting held by the Jewish authorities are possibly more historically plausible than their

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gospels are the products of Christians of Jewish origin who had not given up their Jewish identity: they regarded Jesus as the messiah of the Jewish scripture but did not agree that he was God, an idea which, although central to Christianity as it eventually developed, is contrary to Jewish

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The many apocryphal gospels arose from the 1st century onward, frequently under assumed names to enhance their credibility and authority, and often from within branches of Christianity that were eventually branded heretical. They can be broadly organised into the following categories:

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Other scholars are less sanguine about oral tradition, and Valantasis, Bleyle, and Hough argue that the early traditions were fluid and subject to alteration, sometimes transmitted by those who had known Jesus personally, but more often by wandering prophets and teachers like the

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used by Matthew and Luke. The authors of Matthew and Luke, acting independently, used Mark for their narrative of Jesus' career, supplementing it with the hypothesized collection of sayings called the Q source and additional material unique to each called the

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John, the most overtly theological, is the first to make Christological judgements outside the context of the narrative of Jesus's life. He presents a significantly different picture of Jesus's career, omitting any mention of his ancestry, birth and childhood, his

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being Matthew 1:18, altered to imply the pre-existence of Jesus. For these reasons, modern scholars are cautious of relying on the gospels uncritically, and critical study can attempt to distinguish the original ideas of Jesus from those of later authors.

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has no license to invent or adapt at will. The less important the story, the more the entire community, in a process that is informal but very effective, will keep a close watch on the precise form and wording with which the story is told.

2010:, p. 22) Indeed, most critical scholars view the nativity of Jesus as a theological, rather than historical, narrative.See: W. D. Davies and E. P. Sanders, "Jesus from the Jewish point of view", in William Horbury (ed.), 618:, meant to convince people that Jesus was a charismatic miracle-working holy man, providing examples for readers to emulate. As such, they present the Christian message of the second half of the first century AD, and modern 1409:

is a rather low-ranking member. Gnosticism holds that Jesus was entirely "spirit", and that his earthly life and death were therefore only an appearance, not a reality. Many Gnostic texts deal not in concepts of

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studies have flowered in recent years; Dale Allison laments, "The publication of academic books about the historical Jesus continues apace, so much so that no one can any longer keep up; we are all overwhelmed."

992:, although Mark 16:7, in which the young man discovered in the tomb instructs the women to tell "the disciples and Peter" that Jesus will see them again in Galilee, hints that the author knew of the tradition. 1967:, the topic of the anonymity of the Gospels has received little scholarly attention and a "dissenting few" scholars have argued that the traditional attributions to Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John are original. 1163:. Ancient biographies were concerned with providing examples for readers to emulate while preserving and promoting the subject's reputation and memory; the gospels were never simply biographical, they were 1012:; his chronology and arrangement of incidents is also distinctly different, clearly describing the passage of three years in Jesus's ministry in contrast to the single year of the synoptics, placing the 2126: 2124: 591:"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was reported. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words and deeds of 6892: 3769: 1173:(preaching), meant to convince people that Jesus was a charismatic miracle-working holy man. As such, they present the Christian message of the second half of the first century AD, and modern 1125:

All four also use the Jewish scriptures, by quoting or referencing passages, interpreting texts, or alluding to or echoing biblical themes. Such use can be extensive: Mark's description of the

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were also written, all later than the four canonical gospels, and like them advocating the particular theological views of their various authors. Important examples include the gospels of

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Written proto-gospels preceding and serving as sources for the gospels – the dedicatory preface of Luke, for example, testifies to the existence of previous accounts of the life of Jesus.

4097:"The Indebtedness of the criteria Approach to Form Criticism and Recent Attempts to Rehabilitate the Search for an Authentic Jesus", in Jesus, Criteria, and the Demise of Authenticity 1386:

Gospel harmonies: in which the four canonical gospels are combined into a single narrative, either to present a consistent text or to produce a more accessible account of Jesus' life.

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It was originally written in Greek and is often interpreted as a Gnostic text. It is typically not considered a gospel by scholars since it does not focus on the life of Jesus.

1272:, but rather that scholarship should seek to understand the Gospels rather than trying to sift through them for nuggets of history. Regardless of the methodological challenges 1189:

Scholars usually agree that John is not without historical value: certain of its sayings are as old or older than their synoptic counterparts, and its representation of the

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in 1945–46, and three papyri, dated to c. 200, which contain fragments of a Greek text similar to but not identical with that in the Coptic language, have also been found.

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church grew, there was an increasing demand and need for written versions of the founder's life and teachings. The stages of this process can be summarized as follows:

527: 4159: 3495: 3642: 7915: 7245: 6394: 5166: 1133:, and although John uses scripture in a far less explicit manner, its influence is still pervasive. Their source was the Greek version of the scriptures, called the 1939:, p. 329): "I emphasize again that I do not envisage 'getting back to Jesus' himself. All we have are the impressions which Jesus made, the remembered Jesus." 1221:

the earliest tradents within the Christian churches preservers more than innovators seeking to transmit, retell, explain, interpret, elaborate, but not create

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are cautious of relying on the gospels uncritically as historical documents, though according to Sanders they provide a good idea of the public career of Jesus.

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community (which produced John and the three epistles associated with the name) and later expanded with a Passion narrative as well as a series of discourses.

7950: 1677:; may have been intended to replace the separate gospels as an authoritative text. It was accepted for liturgical purposes for as much as two centuries in 1297:, a fragment of John dating from the first half of the 2nd century. The creation of a Christian canon was probably a response to the career of the heretic 512: 4270: 4228: 4826: – the Greek text of the New Testament: specifically the Westcott-Hort text from 1881, combined with the NA26/27 variants (archived 19 June 2008). 1455:

Anti-gnostic dialogue between Jesus and the disciples after the resurrection, emphasising the reality of the flesh and of Jesus' fleshly resurrection

5864: 4632: 4205: 1316:, the earliest surviving list of books considered (by its own author at least) to form Christian scripture, included Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. 1024:

instead of being a Passover meal. According to Delbert Burkett, the Gospel of John is the only gospel to call Jesus God, though other scholars like

1374:), both of which related many miraculous incidents from the life of Mary and the childhood of Jesus that are not included in the canonical gospels. 1758:

doctrine, but has clear parallels with Islam, mentioning Muhammad as Messenger of God. Jesus identifies himself as a prophet, not the son of God.

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as his source should be taken as a guarantee of his reliability, and the Synoptic Gospels are the primary sources for Christ's ministry.

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The four canonical gospels share the same basic outline of the life of Jesus: he begins his public ministry in conjunction with that of

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The major apocryphal gospels (after Bart Ehrman, "Lost Christianities" – comments on content are by Ehrman unless otherwise noted)

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synoptic parallels. Nevertheless, it is highly unlikely that the author had direct knowledge of events, or that his mentions of the

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The debate over the composition of John is too complex to be treated adequately in a single paragraph; for a more nuanced view see

645:. They were probably written between AD 66 and 110. Most scholars hold that all four were anonymous (with the modern names of the " 505: 399: 4116:"The Narratives of the Gospels and the Historical Jesus: Current Debates, Prior Debates and the Goal of Historical Jesus Research" 6648: 5742: 1798: 1209:

involve not just the texts but studying the long oral and written transmission behind them using methods like memory studies and

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Wiegers, G. (1995). "Muhammad as the Messiah: A comparison of the polemical works of Juan Alonso with the Gospel of Barnabas".

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Authenticating the Words of Jesus & Authenticating the Activities of Jesus, Volume 2 Authenticating the Activities of Jesus

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with regard to the historical Jesus. In addition, the gospels read today have been edited and corrupted over time, leading

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Fragmentary narrative of Jesus' trial, death and emergence from the tomb. It seems to be hostile toward Jews and includes

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Mark is generally agreed to be the first gospel; it uses a variety of sources, including conflict stories (Mark 2:1–3:6),

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Dunn, James D.G. (1995). "Messianic Ideas and Their Influence on the Jesus of History". In Charlesworth, James H. (ed.).

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The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture: The Effect of Early Christological Controversies on the Text of the New Testament

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The Historical Jesus and the Temple: Memory, Methodology and the Gospel of Matthew- Foreword by Dale C. Allison, Jr

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The Historical Jesus and the Temple: Memory, Methodology and the Gospel of Matthew- Foreword by Dale C. Allison, Jr

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in the Synoptics. In contrast to Mark, where Jesus hides his identity as messiah, in John he openly proclaims it.

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This article is about the written accounts of the life of Jesus. For the Christian message, the "good news", see

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The priority of Mark is accepted by most scholars, but there are important dissenting opinions: see the article

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Written collections of miracle stories, parables, sayings, etc., with oral tradition continuing alongside these;

673:, with various scholars arguing memory and orality reliably preserved traditions that ultimately go back to the 9534: 9280: 9103: 8944: 8638: 7887: 7802: 7508: 7476: 7303: 7222: 6653: 6423: 6339: 6230: 1150: 989: 604: 7605: 5788: 649:" added in the 2nd century), almost certainly none were by eyewitnesses, and all are the end-products of long 9539: 9369: 8986: 8847: 8445: 7767: 7498: 7488: 7252: 6909: 6707: 6677: 6518: 6369: 6322: 6060: 5752: 1486: 1324:

and thus the Church should have four pillars. He referred to the four collectively as the "fourfold gospel" (

873: 558:), it is the earliest manuscript title for Matthew and one of the earliest manuscript titles for any gospel. 9475: 9237: 8776: 8450: 7527: 6687: 5747: 1129:(second coming) is made up almost entirely of quotations from scripture. Matthew is full of quotations and 1079:

Oral traditions – stories and sayings passed on largely as separate self-contained units, not in any order;

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terms, it lacks the characteristic features of Gnostic doctrine. It includes two unique parables, the

1251:, who did not know him personally. Ehrman explains how the tradition developed as it was transmitted: 9529: 9252: 9155: 8674: 8664: 8626: 8381: 8191: 8159: 8113: 8090: 7481: 6964: 6428: 6318: 5467: 5446: 5440: 1321: 785: 253: 221: 3402: 2596: 9302: 9175: 8976: 8914: 8654: 8559: 8554: 8369: 8334: 8260: 8216: 8211: 8008: 7834: 7679: 7576: 7571: 7503: 7471: 7366: 7046: 6859: 6352: 6288: 5462: 5430: 5425: 5161: 5122: 1854: 1686: 1626: 1610: 1367: 1009: 432: 248: 205: 200: 6887: 9230: 8869: 8339: 8073: 7978: 7867: 7817: 7674: 7591: 7566: 6774: 6714: 6590: 6472: 6271: 5873: 5768: 5640: 5497: 5358: 5098: 1804: 1614: 1592: 1515: 1473: 1447: 1337: 1088:

Gospels formed by combining proto-gospels, written collections, and still-current oral tradition.

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are cautious of relying on the gospels uncritically as historical documents, though according to

305: 35: 4569: 4115: 3257:, p. 34: "Marcion included a Gospel in his canon, a form of what is now the Gospel of Luke" 9470: 9397: 9063: 8832: 8659: 8250: 8108: 8050: 7941: 7920: 7685: 7434: 7321: 6939: 6560: 6481: 6457: 5889: 5624: 5507: 5492: 5482: 5074: 4586: 1792: 1561:, ordered the crucifixion of Jesus. It had been lost but was rediscovered in the 19th century. 1093: 321: 300: 277: 52: 4697: 4674: 3349: 3347: 9352: 9285: 9190: 9170: 9165: 9005: 8919: 8809: 8737: 8718: 8317: 8043: 7852: 7755: 7710: 7639: 7429: 7371: 7262: 7257: 7135: 7129: 6929: 6477: 6442: 6347: 6261: 6043: 5573: 5512: 5502: 5410: 3947: 1719: 1579: 1405:

gospels uphold the idea that the universe is the product of a hierarchy of gods, of whom the

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The consensus among modern scholars is that the gospels are a subset of the ancient genre of

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discourse (4:1–35), and collections of sayings, although not the sayings gospel known as the

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Dialogue of Mary Magdalene with the apostles, and her vision of Jesus' secret teachings.

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The apocryphal gospels can also be seen in terms of the communities which produced them:

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The Westminster Dictionary of New Testament and Early Christian Literature and Rhetoric

1746: 1362:, also called the Protoevangelium, which was the first to introduce the concept of the 1320:

went further, stating that there must be four gospels and only four because there were

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Aramaic version of Matthew, possibly lacking the first two chapters; Jewish-Christian

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has largely failed to distinguish the original ideas of Jesus from those of the later

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Other Early Christian Gospels: A Critical Edition of the Surviving Greek Manuscripts

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The Fourfold Gospel: A Theological Reading of the New Testament Portraits of Jesus

1617:. It had been lost but was discovered, in a Coptic version dating from c. 350, at 9443: 9406: 8993: 8971: 8826: 8573: 8479: 8270: 7968: 7449: 7351: 7289: 7031: 6982: 6528: 6183: 5585: 5563: 5517: 5064: 5024: 4999: 4929: 4904: 4889: 4778: 4653: 4611: 4515: 4491: 4445: 4424: 4401: 4293: 4249: 4024: 3968: 3926: 3905: 3884: 3813: 3792: 3728: 3707: 3686: 3665: 3621: 3558: 3474: 2006:

demonstrates, there is no guarantee that the gospels are historically accurate. (

1839: 1754:

Contradicts the ministry of Jesus in canonical New Testament and strongly denies

1732: 1639: 1541: 1359: 1355: 1214: 1064:, the four gospels were written in Greek. The Gospel of Mark probably dates from 717: 713: 705: 701: 337: 4402:"The Synoptic Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles: Telling the Christian Story" 9498: 9438: 9297: 9198: 9058: 9048: 9043: 9038: 8569: 8469: 8265: 8154: 8100: 8033: 8013: 7772: 7613: 7453: 7439: 7414: 7409: 7200: 7174: 7104: 6919: 6821: 6816: 6799: 6739: 6633: 6580: 6409: 6329: 6178: 5821: 5803: 5737: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5346: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5117: 5093: 5054: 5004: 4984: 4954: 4934: 4919: 4914: 4894: 4860: 3988: 1834: 1652: 1558: 1499: 1468:

Events in the life of Jesus; Jewish-Christian, with possible gnostic overtones

1406: 1256: 1210: 863: 859: 855: 837: 725: 709: 678: 662: 654: 650: 596: 576: 566: 125: 120: 115: 3731:. In Kingsbury, Jack Dean; Powell, Mark Allan Powell; Bauer, David R. (eds.). 3688:

Jesus of Nazareth: An Independent Historian's Account of His Life and Teaching

3168: 9513: 9257: 9242: 9020: 8998: 8966: 8791: 8494: 8425: 8275: 7983: 7623: 7618: 7356: 7293: 7282: 7169: 7056: 6959: 6947: 6811: 6784: 6724: 6203: 6023: 5568: 5377: 5246: 5112: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5009: 4979: 4877: 4557: 4535: 4511: 4397: 4131: 3992: 3880: 3866: 3842: 3473:

Alexander, Loveday (2006). "What is a Gospel?". In Barton, Stephen C. (ed.).

3120: 1809: 1554: 1231: 1061: 1025: 898: 638: 623: 136: 62: 4811: 3835:

The New Testament. A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings

9380: 9358: 9331: 9203: 9160: 8799: 8307: 8255: 8186: 8176: 7857: 7789: 7654: 7550: 7381: 7311: 7189: 6998: 6969: 6836: 6533: 6276: 6235: 5826: 5726: 5655: 5557: 5019: 5014: 4974: 4944: 4924: 4872: 4592: 4162:. In Levine, Amy-Jill; Allison, Dale C. Jr.; Crossan, John Dominic (eds.). 3949:

Solving the Synoptic Puzzle: Introducing the Case for the Farrer Hypothesis

1248: 915: 682: 584: 473: 5842: 3175: 9364: 9215: 8949: 8609: 8359: 8322: 8171: 8023: 7998: 7895: 7021: 6882: 6853: 6794: 6769: 6764: 6628: 6543: 6437: 6418: 6127: 5709: 5305: 5223: 5218: 5132: 5127: 4959: 4820: – covering about 1200 variants on 2000 pages (archived 8 June 2008) 3124: 2878: 1665: 1618: 1235: 1029: 1017: 925: 748: 744: 729: 5543: 9385: 8885: 8457: 8196: 7993: 7649: 7581: 7401: 7151: 7099: 6904: 6734: 6379: 6208: 6152: 6147: 5698: 4065: 2398:

Wright, NT (1998). "Early Traditions and the Origins of Christianity".

1935:

In "Jesus Remembered (2003), Dunn asesses "what 'goes back to Jesus'."

1824: 1415: 1402: 1293: 1190: 1164: 1134: 981: 781: 588: 161: 31: 9450: 8614: 8462: 8297: 8287: 8280: 8238: 8233: 8028: 7988: 7396: 7346: 7272: 7267: 7041: 7026: 6754: 6744: 6447: 6433: 6157: 5213: 4829: 3152: 1553:

elements. It is a narrative gospel and is notable for asserting that

1239: 1194: 1119: 969: 657:

was the first to be written, using a variety of sources, followed by

548: 4057: 4044:

Honoré, A.M. (1986). "A statistical study of the synoptic problem".

3667:

An introduction to the New Testament and the origins of Christianity

2509:

Hill, Charles; Kruger, Michael (2012). "The Early Text of Matthew".

1494:"Salome" figures prominently; Jewish-Christian stressing asceticism 1308:–160), who established a canon of his own with just one gospel, the 626:"we have a good idea of his public career.". Critical study on the 8003: 7872: 7240: 7119: 6759: 6538: 6452: 6198: 6188: 6142: 6137: 6132: 5720: 5290: 5277: 5256: 5203: 5198: 4591:. Translated by Winston, Richard; Winston, Clara. Garden City, NY: 1849: 1711: 1419: 1130: 1126: 1110: 1106: 1101: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1021: 666: 4719:

Valantasis, Richard; Bleyle, Douglas K.; Haugh, Dennis C. (2009).

845: 9391: 9275: 8703: 8312: 8292: 8149: 8038: 7277: 7207: 6867: 6831: 5732: 5597: 4806: 4295:

A Marginal Jew. Volume 1: The roots of the problem and the person

2885: 2475: 2039: 2037: 1914: 1787: 1772: 1727:

Allegedly a longer version of Mark written for an elect audience

1606: 1550: 1298: 1206: 1169: 1044:

The Synoptic sources: the Gospel of Mark (the triple tradition),

795: 653:

and written transmission. According to the majority of scholars,

480: 157: 4271:"Salvation Today: Reading Luke's Message for a Gentile Audience" 888: 827: 821: 815: 809: 9455: 9411: 7519: 6293: 6213: 5703: 4964: 1674: 1673:

Gospel harmony (and the first such gospel harmony) composed by

1182: 2294: 2292: 2034: 1634:

Miraculous deeds of Jesus between the ages of five and twelve

8760: 8245: 7705: 7644: 7601: 6841: 4864: 3296: 3089: 2156: 2154: 1678: 799: 758: 642: 592: 570: 542: 536: 41:"Evangel" redirects here. For the authors of the Gospel, see 4818:

A detailed discussion of the textual variants in the gospels

4613:

Jesus in the Gospels and Acts: Introducing the New Testament

2324: 2322: 1255:

You are probably familiar with the old birthday party game "

1048:(the double tradition), and material unique to Matthew (the 2289: 1213:, with different scholars coming to different conclusions. 985: 3236: 2909: 2704: 2668: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2354: 2352: 2234: 2232: 2151: 1947: 1945: 1931: 1929: 4248:

Lindars, Barnabas; Edwards, Ruth; Court, John M. (2000).

3518:

The Riddles of the Fourth Gospel: An Introduction to John

3438: 3320: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2339: 2337: 2319: 2279: 2277: 2217: 2141: 2139: 1411: 757:, meaning "good news"; this may be seen from analysis of 8729: 3426: 3077: 3041: 2827: 2309: 2307: 2066: 2064: 3987: 3706:

Cross, Frank Leslie; Livingstone, Elizabeth A. (2005).

3414: 3408: 3284: 3199: 3065: 2957: 2568: 2539: 2492: 2490: 2349: 2229: 2190: 2188: 1942: 1926: 1872: 1870: 968:, calls disciples, teaches and heals and confronts the 637:

The canonical gospels are the four which appear in the

7459:

Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America

4721:

The Gospels and Christian Life in History and Practice

4315:

The New Testament: Its Background, Growth, and Content

3029: 2981: 2969: 2921: 2815: 2803: 2740: 2728: 2644: 2615: 2527: 2369: 2367: 2334: 2274: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2136: 2111: 2109: 2081: 2079: 2049: 1481:

Jewish-Christian, embodying anti-sacrificial concerns

1137:; they do not seem familiar with the original Hebrew. 70: 4718: 4355:

The Gospel of Matthew: A Commentary on the Greek Text

4075:

The Writings of the New Testament – An Interpretation

3761:

Christianity in the making Volume 1. Jesus Remembered

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As Luke's attempt to link the birth of Jesus to the

1867: 1768: 4700:. In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.). 4247: 3017: 3005: 2891: 2364: 2249: 2247: 2166: 2106: 2076: 1383:

Passion, resurrection and post-resurrection gospels

1280: 1140: 872:"Four Gospels" redirects here. For other uses, see 4406:The Cambridge companion to biblical interpretation 4185:. In Bockmuehl, Markus; Hagner, Donald A. (eds.). 3582:. In Bockmuehl, Markus; Hagner, Donald A. (eds.). 2692: 2463: 2091: 1660:Fragmentary, four episodes from the life of Jesus 2680: 2259: 2200: 1694:Birth and early life of Mary, and birth of Jesus 1016:at the beginning rather than at the end, and the 776: 770: 764: 752: 9511: 3848:Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium 3733:Who Do You Say that I Am?: Essays on Christology 3705: 3372: 3353: 2863:"The Alleged Anonymity of the Canonical Gospels" 2379: 2244: 2043: 1536:Jesus' trial, crucifixion and descent into Hell 4469:"Language and Translation of the New Testament" 4141:Jesus, Criteria, and the Demise of Authenticity 4006:The New Testament Canon: Its Making and Meaning 2422:Seeing the Word: Refocusing New Testament Study 1970: 1887: 1885: 1113:(Luke). Mark, Matthew, and Luke are called the 846:Canonical gospels: Matthew, Mark, Luke and John 9081:Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament 4139:Keith, Chris; Le Donne, Anthony, eds. (2012). 3928:The Apocryphal Gospels: Texts and Translations 3772:. In Dunn, James D.G.; McKnight, Scot (eds.). 3647:Routledge Encyclopedia of the Historical Jesus 1370:(not to be confused with the unrelated Coptic 988:; it originally ended at Mark 16:8 and had no 826:"news"). The Old English term was retained as 8745: 8419:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches 8118: 7535: 5858: 4845: 4471:. In Rogerson, J.W.; Lieu, Judith M. (eds.). 4138: 3967:Fant, Clyde E.; Reddish, Mitchell E. (2008). 3709:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 3539:The New Testament in its literary environment 2856: 2854: 2589:"Jesus as God in the Synoptics (For members)" 2223: 2130: 506: 4651: 4026:The Synoptic Problem: A Way Through the Maze 3119: 3095: 1882: 1574:Mystical reflections of the disciple Philip 531:Fragment of a flyleaf with the title of the 5872: 4655:The Historical Jesus: A Comprehensive Guide 3966: 3924: 3729:"The Christology of the Johannine Writings" 3302: 3242: 803: 789: 9076:New Testament places associated with Jesus 9071:Historical background of the New Testament 8752: 8738: 7542: 7528: 5865: 5851: 4852: 4838: 4426:Reading the New Testament: An Introduction 4120:Journal for the Study of the New Testament 3222:. Cambridge University Press. p. ix. 2860: 2851: 2789:. Cambridge University Press. p. xi. 2508: 1358:: arose in the 2nd century, including the 1028:and Michael Barber view a possible divine 887: 513: 499: 4446:"The Diatessaron and the Fourfold Gospel" 4099:. T&T Clark. p. 25-48 at 39-40. 3726: 3472: 2550: 2416: 2055: 2018:New Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible 1602:Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 1587:Fragmentary account of Jesus' last hours 685:thought to have been circulated within a 9403:Jacob (paternal grandfather per Matthew) 4776: 4672: 4534: 4443: 4072: 4022: 3600: 3514: 3338: 2939: 2746: 2734: 2574: 2562: 2533: 2343: 2145: 1996: 1891:The Gospels are a-historical documents: 1341: 1039: 893:The first page of the Gospel of Mark in 526: 27:Books on the life and teachings of Jesus 7283:Fostering of early experimental science 4780:Christianity: A Very Short Introduction 4767: 4695: 4652:Theissen, Gerd; Merz, Annette (1998) . 4630: 4584: 4556: 4510: 4489: 4473:The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies 4422: 4396: 4352: 4312: 4268: 4226: 4203: 3999:. HarperSanFrancisco. pp. 471–532. 3879: 3865: 3790: 3774:The Historical Jesus in Recent Research 3663: 3456: 3420: 3326: 3266: 3254: 3107: 3083: 3059: 3047: 3035: 2987: 2951: 2927: 2915: 2903: 2821: 2809: 2674: 2650: 2626: 2513:. Oxford University Press. p. 83. 2447:Memory, Jesus, and the Synoptic Gospels 2328: 2313: 2298: 2283: 2179: 2160: 2070: 2014:, vol 3: the Early Roman Period, 1984; 2007: 1951: 1900: 1894: 1876: 1799:The Aquarian Gospel of Jesus the Christ 975:Matthew, Mark, and Luke are termed the 808:. In Old English, it was translated as 603:and concluding with various reports of 14: 9512: 7387:Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy 4859: 4746: 4737: 4679:The Cambridge Companion to the Gospels 4609: 4466: 4375: 4361: 4331: 4157: 4043: 4003: 3903: 3841: 3832: 3811: 3619: 3577: 3476:The Cambridge Companion to the Gospels 3444: 3432: 3314: 3278: 3217: 3193: 3071: 2999: 2845: 2833: 2784: 2722: 2710: 2662: 2638: 2609: 2586: 2469: 2444: 2397: 2373: 2358: 2194: 2115: 2085: 1906: 1287:Development of the New Testament canon 1205:Assessments of the reliability of the 8733: 7523: 5846: 4833: 4291: 4113: 4091: 3684: 3640: 3493: 3409:Funk, Hoover & Jesus Seminar 1993 3396: 3384: 3023: 2975: 2496: 2268: 2211: 2022:Abingdon Press, 2008. pp. 42, 269–70. 1312:, similar to the Gospel of Luke. The 1147:Historical reliability of the Gospels 4180: 3925:Ehrman, Bart; Plese, Zlatko (2011). 3767: 3758: 3749: 3556: 3535: 3290: 3205: 3011: 2963: 2861:Gathercole, Simon (1 October 2018). 2698: 2385: 2253: 2238: 2100: 1990: 1983: 1936: 1920: 1100:, and probably not the hypothesized 681:had its origins as the hypothetical 79:, showing 2 Cor 11:33–12:9 5784:Other books referenced in the Bible 5743:New Testament manuscript categories 3945: 3182:Valantasis, Bleyle & Haugh 2009 2752: 2686: 2511:The Early Text of the New Testament 2482:Valantasis, Bleyle & Haugh 2009 2424:. Baker Academic. p. 166-178. 24: 9394:(traditional maternal grandfather) 9388:(traditional maternal grandmother) 5314:Testaments of the Three Patriarchs 4634:The Theology of the Gospel of Mark 3151: 2867:The Journal of Theological Studies 2449:. Society of Biblical Literature. 1332:Non-canonical (apocryphal) gospels 25: 9551: 4799: 3907:The Lost Gospel of Judas Iscariot 3155:. ""Five Gospels But No Gospel". 2892:Lindars, Edwards & Court 2000 1681:, but was eventually suppressed. 836:and hence remains in use also in 834:Middle English Bible translations 605:his post-resurrection appearances 9494: 9493: 8714: 8713: 8702: 7830:State church of the Roman Empire 7549: 4805: 4702:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible 4077:(3rd ed.). Fortress Press. 3995:(1993). "The Gospel of Thomas". 3626:. Presbyterian Publishing Corp. 2012:The Cambridge History of Judaism 1771: 1291:The oldest gospel text known is 1281:Textual history and canonisation 1141:Genre and historical reliability 479: 467: 69: 9400:(paternal grandfather per Luke) 7813:First seven ecumenical councils 5799:Biblical and Quranic narratives 4677:. In Barton, Stephen C. (ed.). 4585:Schoeps, Hans-Joachim (1968) . 4408:. Westminster John Knox Press. 4273:. In Porter, Stanley E. (ed.). 4208:. In Porter, Stanley E. (ed.). 4164:The Historical Jesus in Context 4073:Johnson, Luke Timothy (2010a). 3735:. Westminster John Knox Press. 3563:. Westminster John Knox Press. 3542:. Westminster John Knox Press. 3211: 3145: 3113: 2778: 2580: 2502: 2438: 2410: 2391: 1957: 1461:Gospel According to the Hebrews 9104:Quest for the historical Jesus 8680:Relations with other religions 8086:Church of the East (Nestorian) 8081:Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite) 7246:Separation of church and state 6915:Formal and material principles 6900:Separation of church and state 4681:. Cambridge University Press. 4637:. Cambridge University Press. 4540:The Historical Figure of Jesus 4517:The Historical Figure of Jesus 4493:An Introduction to The Gospels 4382:. Cambridge University Press. 4379:The Living Text of the Gospels 4166:. Princeton University Press. 3797:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 3670:. Cambridge University Press. 3479:. Cambridge University Press. 2587:Ehrman, Bart (13 April 2014). 1605:While it can be understood in 1151:Quest for the historical Jesus 1035: 75:Papyrus 46, one of the oldest 13: 1: 6910:Hymnody of continental Europe 6061:Apostles in the New Testament 4696:Tuckett, Christopher (2000). 4444:Petersen, William L. (2010). 2028: 1302: 1065: 990:post-resurrection appearances 874:Four Gospels (disambiguation) 552: 9525:Books of Christian biography 9481:Sexuality and marital status 4723:. Rowman & Littlefield. 4448:. In Horton, Charles (ed.). 3794:The Gospel according to Mark 3645:. In Evans, Craig A. (ed.). 3601:Bernhard, Andrew E. (2006). 3497:Reading the Synoptic Gospels 3373:Cross & Livingstone 2005 3354:Cross & Livingstone 2005 2044:Cross & Livingstone 2005 784:suffix). The Greek term was 735: 720:(the first to introduce the 543: 7: 8387:Views on poverty and wealth 6358:Eastern Orthodox opposition 4783:. Oxford University Press. 4673:Thompson, Marianne (2006). 4475:. Oxford University Press. 4467:Porter, Stanley E. (2006). 4230:Gospel According to St John 4189:. Oxford University Press. 3970:Lost Treasures of the Bible 3931:. Oxford University Press. 3910:. Oxford University Press. 3889:. Oxford University Press. 3851:. Oxford University Press. 3818:. Oxford University Press. 3727:Culpepper, R. Alan (1999). 3712:. Oxford University Press. 3586:. Oxford University Press. 3578:Beaton, Richard C. (2005). 1764: 1435: 1380:Sayings gospels and agrapha 959: 722:perpetual virginity of Mary 538:ευαγγελιον κ̣ατ̣α μαθ᾽θαιον 10: 9556: 9054:Five Discourses of Matthew 8632:World Evangelical Alliance 8594:Traditionalist Catholicism 6375:Art patronage of Julius II 5779:English Bible translations 5167:Song of the Three Children 4610:Scholz, Daniel J. (2009). 4490:Reddish, Mitchell (2011). 3837:. Oxford University Press. 3791:Edwards, James R. (2002). 3620:Boring, M. Eugene (2006). 3515:Anderson, Paul N. (2011). 3465: 2400:Sewanee Theological Review 1335: 1284: 1144: 871: 849: 777: 771: 765: 759: 753: 610:The gospels are a kind of 571: 544:Euangelion kata Maththaion 537: 40: 29: 9489: 9421: 9340: 9266: 9189: 9146: 9089: 9019: 8785: 8767: 8759: 8697: 8647: 8627:World Council of Churches 8602: 8520: 8404: 8395: 8350: 8135: 8119: 8114:Latter Day Saint movement 8099: 8059: 7959: 7940: 7886: 7843: 7788: 7694: 7673: 7632: 7600: 7557: 7467: 7302: 7221: 7150: 7085: 7007: 6938: 6878:Calvinist–Arminian debate 6852: 6619: 6502: 6338: 6229: 6111: 6009: 5898: 5880: 5817: 5761: 5679: 5633: 5531: 5376: 5339: 5304: 5275: 5237: 5182: 5089: 5073: 4871: 4404:. In Barton, John (ed.). 4275:Reading the Gospels Today 4233:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 4210:Reading the Gospels Today 4158:Levine, Amy-Jill (2009). 3768:Dunn, James D.G. (2005). 3664:Burkett, Delbert (2002). 3494:Allen, O. Wesley (2013). 3411:, "The Gospel of Thomas". 3169:10.1163/9789004421295_009 2224:Keith & Le Donne 2012 2131:Keith & Le Donne 2012 1322:four corners of the Earth 949: 941: 931: 921: 911: 906: 886: 881: 433:New Testament manuscripts 9281:In comparative mythology 8655:Anti-Christian sentiment 7835:Christian biblical canon 7367:Christian existentialism 4777:Woodhead, Linda (2004). 4747:Watson, Francis (2016). 4588:The Religions of Mankind 4251:The Johannine Literature 4227:Lincoln, Andrew (2005). 4204:Lincoln, Andrew (2004). 4132:10.1177/0142064X16637777 3833:Ehrman, Bart D. (1997). 3812:Ehrman, Bart D. (1996). 3759:Dunn, James D.G (2003). 3356:, "Gospel of St. Peter". 3218:Barber, Michael (2023). 3131:. Brill. p. 53-55. 3096:Theissen & Merz 1998 2785:Barber, Michael (2023). 1861: 1855:Jewish-Christian gospels 1687:Protoevangelium of James 1627:Infancy Gospel of Thomas 1611:parable of the empty jar 1368:Infancy Gospel of Thomas 9434:Interactions with women 8709:Christianity portal 7868:Investiture Controversy 5874:History of Christianity 5641:Intertestamental period 4566:Encyclopædia Britannica 4423:Perkins, Pheme (2012). 4362:Pagels, Elaine (1989). 4313:Metzger, Bruce (2003). 4292:Meier, John P. (1991). 4269:Martens, Allan (2004). 4023:Goodacre, Mark (2001). 3685:Casey, Maurice (2010). 3641:Burge, Gary M. (2014). 3557:Aune, David E. (2003). 3536:Aune, David E. (1987). 3303:Ehrman & Plese 2011 3243:Fant & Reddish 2008 2445:McIver, Robert (2011). 1805:Authorship of the Bible 1615:parable of the assassin 1593:Coptic Gospel of Thomas 1516:Gospel of the Nazareans 1487:Gospel of the Egyptians 1474:Gospel of the Ebionites 1448:Epistle of the Apostles 1338:New Testament apocrypha 1326:euangelion tetramorphon 1014:cleansing of the Temple 828: 822: 816: 810: 583:) originally meant the 486:Christianity portal 36:Gospel (disambiguation) 9444:Mary, sister of Martha 9064:Oral gospel traditions 8660:Christian universalism 8051:Western Rite Orthodoxy 7896:Protestant Reformation 7435:Fourth Great Awakening 7322:Second Great Awakening 6561:Fall of Constantinople 6353:Development of primacy 5625:Apocalyptic literature 5262:Paralipomena of Baruch 4810:Quotations related to 4738:Vermes, Geza (2013) . 4631:Telford, W.R. (1999). 4616:. Saint Mary's Press. 4353:Nolland, John (2005). 4335:New Testament Theology 4004:Gamble, Harry (1985). 3763:. William B. Eerdmans. 2760:"Jesus in the Gospels" 1793:Apocalyptic literature 1347: 1261: 1228: 1118:circulated within the 1057: 804: 798:, and translated into 790: 580: 559: 34:. For other uses, see 9535:Christian terminology 9171:Life of Christ Museum 9166:Life of Christ in art 8318:Anointing of the Sick 7430:Reformed epistemology 7372:Third Great Awakening 7342:Seventh-day Adventist 7263:First Great Awakening 7136:Book of Common Prayer 6930:Protestant work ethic 6473:Independent Catholics 6424:Monastery dissolution 5789:Additional Scriptures 5753:New Testament uncials 4770:Biblitheca Orientalis 4376:Parker, D.C. (1997). 4332:Morris, Leon (1986). 4181:Lieu, Judith (2005). 4114:Keith, Chris (2016). 3904:Ehrman, Bart (2006). 3375:, "Gospel of Thomas". 3184:, pp. 7, 10, 14. 1720:Secret Gospel of Mark 1580:Gospel of the Saviour 1345: 1253: 1219: 1060:Like the rest of the 1043: 694:non-canonical gospels 530: 9540:Greek-language books 8987:Sayings on the cross 8945:Entry into Jerusalem 8639:Nondenominationalism 8512:Role in civilization 7979:Independent Catholic 7921:Relations with Islam 7901:Catholic Reformation 7253:Edicts of toleration 7062:Three Forms of Unity 6827:Bohemian Reformation 6400:Catholic Reformation 6257:Roman state religion 6076:Council of Jerusalem 5774:Bible version debate 5748:New Testament papyri 5694:Samaritan Pentateuch 5319:Testament of Abraham 5257:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan 4740:Christian Beginnings 4450:The Earliest Gospels 3580:"How Matthew Writes" 2764:Larry Hurtado's Blog 2713:, pp. 117, 123. 2301:, pp. 108, 144. 1820:Fifth gospel (genre) 1346:The Gospel of Thomas 443:Johannine literature 144:Acts of the Apostles 77:New Testament papyri 9476:Race and appearance 9414:(traditional uncle) 9320:Jesus the Splendour 8962:Agony in the Garden 8877:Sermon on the Mount 8685:Unlimited atonement 8670:Cultural Christians 8109:Jehovah's Witnesses 7731:Sermon on the Mount 7660:Christian tradition 7587:Lists of Christians 7425:Liberation theology 7332:Jehovah's Witnesses 7165:Radical Reformation 6893:Resistance theories 6780:Christian mysticism 6775:Early Scholasticism 6487:Ecclesial community 6385:Counter-Reformation 6250:Constantinian shift 5716:Muratorian fragment 5651:New Testament canon 5646:Old Testament canon 5539:Chapters and verses 5157:Additions to Daniel 5123:Additions to Esther 4824:Greek New Testament 4365:The Gnostic Gospels 3886:Lost Christianities 3293:, pp. 199–200. 2966:, pp. 243–245. 2918:, pp. 124–125. 2241:, pp. 371–372. 2004:census of Quirinius 1993:, "Gospel of John". 1779:Christianity portal 1529:Gospel of Nicodemus 1432: 1364:Perpetual Virginity 747:translation of the 687:Johannine community 428:New Testament canon 9461:Rejection of Jesus 9138:Christ myth theory 8955:Farewell Discourse 8530:Crusading movement 7798:Ante-Nicene period 7499:Oriental Orthodoxy 7142:King James Version 6954:Ninety-five Theses 6750:Apostolic Brethren 6524:Church of the East 6519:Oriental Orthodoxy 6365:Crusading movement 5885:Early Christianity 5329:Testament of Jacob 5324:Testament of Isaac 5209:Prayer of Manasseh 5172:Bel and the Dragon 5152:Letter of Jeremiah 4753:. Baker Academic. 4658:. Fortress Press. 4496:. Abingdon Press. 4187:The Written Gospel 4008:. Fortress Press. 3991:; Hoover, Roy W.; 3952:. Wipf and Stock. 3946:Eve, Eric (2021). 3623:Mark: A Commentary 3584:The Written Gospel 3521:. Fortress Press. 3329:, pp. xi–xii. 3208:, p. 130-131. 2879:10.1093/jts/fly113 2836:, pp. 95–147. 2677:, p. 148-149. 2331:, pp. 13, 42. 2163:, p. 261–262. 1747:Gospel of Barnabas 1647:Joys of Salvation 1439:Probable date 1430: 1348: 1109:(Matthew) and the 1058: 1020:on the day before 560: 354:Book of Revelation 9507: 9506: 9429:Language of Jesus 9376:Brothers of Jesus 9248:Session of Christ 9124:Mara bar Serapion 8925:Great Commandment 8820:Flight into Egypt 8727: 8726: 8693: 8692: 8621:Charta Oecumenica 8131: 8130: 8121:Iglesia ni Cristo 7936: 7935: 7916:French Revolution 7906:Thirty Years' War 7778:Apostolic fathers 7746:Great Commandment 7517: 7516: 7494:Eastern Orthodoxy 7362:Finnish Awakening 7317:Holiness movement 7258:Congregationalism 7217: 7216: 7077:Metrical psalters 6514:Eastern Orthodoxy 6458:Neo-Scholasticism 6165:Canon development 6066:Jewish Christians 5840: 5839: 5809:Textual criticism 5372: 5371: 5296:Psalms of Solomon 5239:Orthodox Tewahedo 4730:978-0-7425-7069-6 4698:"Gospel, Gospels" 4665:978-1-4514-0863-8 4602:978-0-385-04080-8 4429:. Paulist Press. 4415:978-0-521-48593-7 4345:978-0-310-45571-4 4305:978-0-385-26425-9 4261:978-1-84127-081-4 4254:. A&C Black. 4196:978-0-521-83285-4 4183:"How John Writes" 4143:. T&T Clark. 4046:Novum Testamentum 4029:. A&C Black. 4015:978-0-8006-0470-7 3875:. Harper Collins. 3825:978-0-19-976357-3 3698:978-0-567-64517-3 3691:. T&T Clark. 3677:978-0-521-00720-7 3633:978-0-664-22107-2 3593:978-0-521-83285-4 3570:978-0-664-25018-8 3549:978-0-664-25018-8 3500:. Chalice Press. 3447:, p. passim. 3435:, pp. 30–35. 3305:, p. passim. 3098:, pp. 36–37. 3086:, pp. 21–22. 3074:, pp. 75–76. 3050:, pp. 7, 52. 2978:, pp. 43–44. 2599:on 11 March 2015. 2418:Bockmuehl, Markus 2361:, pp. 13–14. 1845:Gospel of Marcion 1762: 1761: 1708:Marcion of Sinope 1700:Gospel of Marcion 1653:Papyrus Egerton 2 1366:of Mary, and the 1318:Irenaeus of Lyons 1310:Gospel of Marcion 1175:biblical scholars 1161:ancient biography 957: 956: 882:Canonical Gospels 852:Gospel of Matthew 749:Hellenistic Greek 632:Christian authors 620:biblical scholars 616:ancient biography 595:, culminating in 533:Gospel of Matthew 523: 522: 453:Pastoral epistles 286:Catholic epistles 16:(Redirected from 9547: 9530:Christian genres 9497: 9496: 9372:(alleged father) 9226:Person of Christ 9099:Historical Jesus 8930:Olivet Discourse 8858:Great Commission 8754: 8747: 8740: 8731: 8730: 8717: 8716: 8707: 8706: 8550:Environmentalism 8500:Church buildings 8402: 8401: 8217:Eastern Orthodox 8212:Eastern Catholic 8124: 8123: 8091:Eastern Catholic 8069:Eastern Orthodox 7957: 7956: 7878:Age of Discovery 7863:East–West Schism 7761:Great Commission 7692: 7691: 7544: 7537: 7530: 7521: 7520: 6936: 6935: 6323:Non-Chalcedonian 6304:Constantinople I 6096:General epistles 6091:Pauline epistles 6071:Paul the Apostle 6049:Great Commission 5867: 5860: 5853: 5844: 5843: 5689:Dead Sea Scrolls 5671:Dating the Bible 5549:Historical books 5186:Eastern Orthodox 5099:Eastern Orthodox 5087: 5086: 5080: 4854: 4847: 4840: 4831: 4830: 4809: 4794: 4773: 4764: 4743: 4734: 4715: 4692: 4675:"Gospel of John" 4669: 4648: 4627: 4606: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4568:. Archived from 4553: 4531: 4507: 4486: 4463: 4440: 4419: 4393: 4372: 4370: 4358: 4349: 4328: 4324:978-068-705-2639 4309: 4288: 4265: 4244: 4223: 4200: 4177: 4154: 4135: 4110: 4088: 4069: 4040: 4019: 4000: 3997:The five gospels 3984: 3963: 3942: 3921: 3900: 3876: 3872:Misquoting Jesus 3862: 3838: 3829: 3808: 3787: 3764: 3755: 3746: 3723: 3702: 3681: 3660: 3643:"Gospel of John" 3637: 3616: 3597: 3574: 3553: 3532: 3511: 3490: 3460: 3454: 3448: 3442: 3436: 3430: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3406: 3400: 3394: 3388: 3382: 3376: 3370: 3357: 3351: 3342: 3336: 3330: 3324: 3318: 3312: 3306: 3300: 3294: 3288: 3282: 3276: 3270: 3264: 3258: 3252: 3246: 3240: 3234: 3233: 3215: 3209: 3203: 3197: 3191: 3185: 3179: 3173: 3172: 3149: 3143: 3142: 3117: 3111: 3105: 3099: 3093: 3087: 3081: 3075: 3069: 3063: 3057: 3051: 3045: 3039: 3033: 3027: 3021: 3015: 3009: 3003: 2997: 2991: 2985: 2979: 2973: 2967: 2961: 2955: 2949: 2943: 2937: 2931: 2925: 2919: 2913: 2907: 2901: 2895: 2889: 2883: 2882: 2858: 2849: 2843: 2837: 2831: 2825: 2819: 2813: 2807: 2801: 2800: 2782: 2776: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2756: 2750: 2744: 2738: 2732: 2726: 2720: 2714: 2708: 2702: 2696: 2690: 2684: 2678: 2672: 2666: 2660: 2654: 2648: 2642: 2636: 2630: 2624: 2613: 2607: 2601: 2600: 2595:. Archived from 2584: 2578: 2572: 2566: 2560: 2554: 2548: 2537: 2531: 2525: 2524: 2506: 2500: 2494: 2485: 2479: 2473: 2467: 2461: 2460: 2442: 2436: 2435: 2414: 2408: 2407: 2395: 2389: 2383: 2377: 2371: 2362: 2356: 2347: 2341: 2332: 2326: 2317: 2311: 2302: 2296: 2287: 2281: 2272: 2266: 2257: 2251: 2242: 2236: 2227: 2221: 2215: 2209: 2198: 2192: 2183: 2177: 2164: 2158: 2149: 2143: 2134: 2128: 2119: 2113: 2104: 2098: 2089: 2083: 2074: 2068: 2059: 2053: 2047: 2041: 2023: 2000: 1994: 1987: 1981: 1978:Synoptic problem 1974: 1968: 1965:Simon Gathercole 1961: 1955: 1949: 1940: 1933: 1924: 1918: 1912: 1889: 1880: 1874: 1830:Gospel (liturgy) 1815:Dating the Bible 1781: 1776: 1775: 1567:Gospel of Philip 1433: 1429: 1396:Jewish-Christian 1377:Ministry gospels 1372:Gospel of Thomas 1314:Muratorian canon 1307: 1304: 1296: 1274:historical Jesus 1270:Historical Jesus 1266:early Christians 1200:Beloved Disciple 1115:synoptic gospels 1098:Gospel of Thomas 1070: 1067: 977:synoptic gospels 966:John the Baptist 891: 879: 878: 868:Four Evangelists 831: 825: 819: 813: 807: 805:bona annuntiatio 793: 780: 779: 774: 773: 768: 767: 762: 761: 756: 755: 726:gospel harmonies 716:such as that of 675:Historical Jesus 671:Synoptic Gospels 647:Four Evangelists 628:Historical Jesus 574: 573: 557: 554: 546: 540: 539: 515: 508: 501: 484: 483: 474:Bible portal 472: 471: 470: 438:Synoptic Gospels 408:Petrine epistles 395:Pauline epistles 170:Pauline epistles 101:Four Evangelists 73: 48: 47: 43:Four Evangelists 21: 18:Christian Gospel 9555: 9554: 9550: 9549: 9548: 9546: 9545: 9544: 9510: 9509: 9508: 9503: 9485: 9417: 9336: 9268:In other faiths 9262: 9185: 9181:Transfiguration 9142: 9085: 9015: 8915:Transfiguration 8789: 8781: 8763: 8758: 8728: 8723: 8701: 8689: 8643: 8598: 8516: 8397: 8391: 8346: 8271:One true church 8127: 8095: 8055: 7944: 7932: 7882: 7839: 7784: 7711:in Christianity 7697: 7683: 7677: 7669: 7628: 7604: 7596: 7553: 7548: 7518: 7513: 7463: 7450:Christian right 7352:Oxford Movement 7327:Restorationists 7298: 7213: 7146: 7081: 7032:Presbyterianism 7003: 6983:Book of Concord 6934: 6858: 6856: 6848: 6615: 6505: 6498: 6334: 6233: 6225: 6184:Clement of Rome 6114: 6107: 6011: 6005: 5894: 5876: 5871: 5841: 5836: 5813: 5757: 5675: 5666:Christian canon 5629: 5564:Prophetic books 5527: 5458:2 Thessalonians 5453:1 Thessalonians 5368: 5335: 5300: 5271: 5233: 5192: 5178: 5106: 5078: 5077: 5069: 4880: 4876: 4867: 4858: 4802: 4797: 4791: 4761: 4731: 4712: 4689: 4666: 4645: 4624: 4603: 4575: 4573: 4550: 4528: 4504: 4483: 4460: 4437: 4416: 4390: 4371:. Random House. 4368: 4346: 4325: 4306: 4285: 4262: 4241: 4220: 4197: 4174: 4151: 4107: 4085: 4058:10.2307/1560364 4052:(2/3): 95–147. 4037: 4016: 3989:Funk, Robert W. 3981: 3960: 3939: 3918: 3897: 3881:Ehrman, Bart D. 3867:Ehrman, Bart D. 3859: 3843:Ehrman, Bart D. 3826: 3805: 3784: 3776:. Eisenbrauns. 3770:"The Tradition" 3743: 3720: 3699: 3678: 3657: 3634: 3613: 3594: 3571: 3550: 3529: 3508: 3487: 3468: 3463: 3455: 3451: 3443: 3439: 3431: 3427: 3419: 3415: 3407: 3403: 3395: 3391: 3383: 3379: 3371: 3360: 3352: 3345: 3337: 3333: 3325: 3321: 3313: 3309: 3301: 3297: 3289: 3285: 3277: 3273: 3265: 3261: 3253: 3249: 3241: 3237: 3230: 3216: 3212: 3204: 3200: 3192: 3188: 3180: 3176: 3150: 3146: 3139: 3118: 3114: 3106: 3102: 3094: 3090: 3082: 3078: 3070: 3066: 3058: 3054: 3046: 3042: 3034: 3030: 3022: 3018: 3010: 3006: 2998: 2994: 2986: 2982: 2974: 2970: 2962: 2958: 2950: 2946: 2938: 2934: 2926: 2922: 2914: 2910: 2902: 2898: 2890: 2886: 2859: 2852: 2844: 2840: 2832: 2828: 2820: 2816: 2808: 2804: 2797: 2783: 2779: 2769: 2767: 2766:. 16 March 2016 2758: 2757: 2753: 2745: 2741: 2733: 2729: 2721: 2717: 2709: 2705: 2697: 2693: 2685: 2681: 2673: 2669: 2661: 2657: 2649: 2645: 2641:, pp. 1–3. 2637: 2633: 2625: 2616: 2608: 2604: 2585: 2581: 2573: 2569: 2561: 2557: 2549: 2540: 2532: 2528: 2521: 2507: 2503: 2495: 2488: 2480: 2476: 2468: 2464: 2457: 2443: 2439: 2432: 2415: 2411: 2396: 2392: 2384: 2380: 2372: 2365: 2357: 2350: 2342: 2335: 2327: 2320: 2312: 2305: 2297: 2290: 2282: 2275: 2267: 2260: 2252: 2245: 2237: 2230: 2222: 2218: 2210: 2201: 2193: 2186: 2178: 2167: 2159: 2152: 2144: 2137: 2129: 2122: 2114: 2107: 2099: 2092: 2084: 2077: 2069: 2062: 2054: 2050: 2042: 2035: 2031: 2026: 2001: 1997: 1988: 1984: 1975: 1971: 1962: 1958: 1950: 1943: 1934: 1927: 1919: 1915: 1890: 1883: 1875: 1868: 1864: 1859: 1840:Gospel in Islam 1777: 1770: 1767: 1733:Gospel of Judas 1640:Gospel of Truth 1542:Gospel of Peter 1360:Gospel of James 1356:Infancy gospels 1340: 1334: 1305: 1292: 1289: 1283: 1226:about with him. 1215:James D.G. Dunn 1153: 1145:Main articles: 1143: 1068: 1038: 1010:transfiguration 962: 902: 877: 870: 850:Main articles: 848: 738: 714:infancy gospels 555: 519: 490: 478: 468: 466: 458: 457: 423: 422: 413: 412: 404: 388: 384:Johannine works 371: 370: 359: 358: 345: 342: 331: 310: 282: 274: 258: 242: 238:2 Thessalonians 233:1 Thessalonians 226: 210: 194: 165: 164: 149: 148: 133: 130: 96: 95: 80: 61: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9553: 9543: 9542: 9537: 9532: 9527: 9522: 9505: 9504: 9502: 9501: 9490: 9487: 9486: 9484: 9483: 9478: 9473: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9447: 9446: 9441: 9439:Mary Magdalene 9431: 9425: 9423: 9419: 9418: 9416: 9415: 9409: 9404: 9401: 9395: 9389: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9367: 9362: 9361:(legal father) 9356: 9350: 9344: 9342: 9338: 9337: 9335: 9334: 9329: 9324: 9323: 9322: 9312: 9307: 9306: 9305: 9295: 9294: 9293: 9283: 9278: 9272: 9270: 9264: 9263: 9261: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9245: 9240: 9235: 9234: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9213: 9212: 9211: 9206: 9195: 9193: 9187: 9186: 9184: 9183: 9178: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9152: 9150: 9144: 9143: 9141: 9140: 9135: 9134: 9133: 9132: 9131: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9106: 9095: 9093: 9087: 9086: 9084: 9083: 9078: 9073: 9068: 9067: 9066: 9061: 9059:Gospel harmony 9056: 9051: 9046: 9041: 9036: 9025: 9023: 9017: 9016: 9014: 9013: 9008: 9003: 9002: 9001: 8991: 8990: 8989: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8958: 8957: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8901: 8900: 8890: 8889: 8888: 8874: 8873: 8872: 8862: 8861: 8860: 8855: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8824: 8823: 8822: 8817: 8812: 8802: 8796: 8794: 8783: 8782: 8780: 8779: 8777:List of topics 8774: 8768: 8765: 8764: 8757: 8756: 8749: 8742: 8734: 8725: 8724: 8722: 8721: 8711: 8698: 8695: 8694: 8691: 8690: 8688: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8651: 8649: 8645: 8644: 8642: 8641: 8636: 8635: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8612: 8606: 8604: 8600: 8599: 8597: 8596: 8591: 8586: 8581: 8576: 8567: 8562: 8560:Fundamentalism 8557: 8555:Existentialism 8552: 8547: 8542: 8537: 8532: 8526: 8524: 8518: 8517: 8515: 8514: 8509: 8508: 8507: 8497: 8492: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8466: 8465: 8455: 8454: 8453: 8448: 8446:God the Father 8443: 8438: 8433: 8423: 8422: 8421: 8410: 8408: 8399: 8393: 8392: 8390: 8389: 8384: 8379: 8378: 8377: 8367: 8362: 8356: 8354: 8348: 8347: 8345: 8344: 8343: 8342: 8332: 8327: 8326: 8325: 8320: 8315: 8310: 8305: 8300: 8295: 8285: 8284: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8266:Body of Christ 8263: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8242: 8241: 8231: 8226: 8225: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8168: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8141: 8139: 8133: 8132: 8129: 8128: 8126: 8125: 8116: 8111: 8105: 8103: 8101:Restorationist 8097: 8096: 8094: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8077: 8076: 8065: 8063: 8057: 8056: 8054: 8053: 8048: 8047: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7965: 7963: 7954: 7938: 7937: 7934: 7933: 7931: 7930: 7929: 7928: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7892: 7890: 7884: 7883: 7881: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7849: 7847: 7841: 7840: 7838: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7826: 7825: 7820: 7810: 7805: 7803:Late antiquity 7800: 7794: 7792: 7786: 7785: 7783: 7782: 7781: 7780: 7773:Church fathers 7770: 7765: 7764: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7702: 7700: 7689: 7671: 7670: 7668: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7636: 7634: 7630: 7629: 7627: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7610: 7608: 7598: 7597: 7595: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7558: 7555: 7554: 7547: 7546: 7539: 7532: 7524: 7515: 7514: 7512: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7485: 7484: 7479: 7468: 7465: 7464: 7462: 7461: 7456: 7447: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7415:Pentecostalism 7412: 7410:Jesus movement 7407: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7308: 7306: 7300: 7299: 7297: 7296: 7287: 7286: 7285: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7249: 7248: 7238: 7233: 7227: 7225: 7219: 7218: 7215: 7214: 7212: 7211: 7204: 7201:Martyrs Mirror 7197: 7192: 7187: 7185:Martyrs' Synod 7182: 7177: 7175:Swiss Brethren 7172: 7167: 7162: 7156: 7154: 7148: 7147: 7145: 7144: 7139: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7091: 7089: 7083: 7082: 7080: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7013: 7011: 7005: 7004: 7002: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6979: 6974: 6973: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6944: 6942: 6933: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6920:Law and Gospel 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6896: 6895: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6864: 6862: 6850: 6849: 6847: 6846: 6845: 6844: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6808: 6807: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6711: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6675: 6674: 6673: 6672: 6671: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6625: 6623: 6617: 6616: 6614: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6601:Ottoman Empire 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6552: 6551: 6546: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6510: 6508: 6500: 6499: 6497: 6496: 6491: 6490: 6489: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6415: 6414: 6413: 6412: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6361: 6360: 6355: 6344: 6342: 6336: 6335: 6333: 6332: 6330:Biblical canon 6327: 6326: 6325: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6285: 6284: 6279: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6253: 6252: 6241: 6239: 6231:Late antiquity 6227: 6226: 6224: 6223: 6218: 6217: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6179:Church Fathers 6172: 6167: 6162: 6161: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6119: 6117: 6109: 6108: 6106: 6105: 6104: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6052: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6021: 6015: 6013: 6007: 6006: 6004: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5902: 5900: 5896: 5895: 5893: 5892: 5887: 5881: 5878: 5877: 5870: 5869: 5862: 5855: 5847: 5838: 5837: 5835: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5818: 5815: 5814: 5812: 5811: 5806: 5804:Synod of Hippo 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5765: 5763: 5759: 5758: 5756: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5738:Masoretic Text 5735: 5730: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5685: 5683: 5677: 5676: 5674: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5637: 5635: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5627: 5622: 5621: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5595: 5594: 5593: 5588: 5578: 5577: 5576: 5574:Minor prophets 5571: 5569:Major prophets 5561: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5535: 5533: 5529: 5528: 5526: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5382: 5380: 5374: 5373: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5355: 5354: 5347:Pseudepigrapha 5343: 5341: 5340:Classification 5337: 5336: 5334: 5333: 5332: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5310: 5308: 5302: 5301: 5299: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5286:Psalms 152–155 5282: 5280: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5243: 5241: 5235: 5234: 5232: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5195: 5193: 5191: 5190: 5187: 5183: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5176: 5175: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5154: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5109: 5107: 5105: 5104: 5101: 5096: 5090: 5084: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4940:1–2 Chronicles 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4886: 4884: 4869: 4868: 4857: 4856: 4849: 4842: 4834: 4828: 4827: 4821: 4815: 4801: 4800:External links 4798: 4796: 4795: 4790:978-0199687749 4789: 4774: 4765: 4759: 4744: 4735: 4729: 4716: 4711:978-9053565032 4710: 4693: 4687: 4670: 4664: 4649: 4644:978-0521439770 4643: 4628: 4622: 4607: 4601: 4582: 4562:"Jesus Christ" 4558:Sanders, E. P. 4554: 4549:978-0140144994 4548: 4536:Sanders, E. P. 4532: 4526: 4512:Sanders, E. P. 4508: 4503:978-1426750083 4502: 4487: 4482:978-0199254255 4481: 4464: 4458: 4452:. Bloomsbury. 4441: 4436:978-0809147861 4435: 4420: 4414: 4398:Perkins, Pheme 4394: 4389:978-0521599511 4388: 4373: 4359: 4350: 4344: 4329: 4323: 4310: 4304: 4289: 4284:978-0802805171 4283: 4266: 4260: 4245: 4240:978-1441188229 4239: 4224: 4219:978-0802805171 4218: 4206:"Reading John" 4201: 4195: 4178: 4173:978-1400827374 4172: 4160:"Introduction" 4155: 4149: 4136: 4126:(4): 426–455. 4111: 4106:978-0567377234 4105: 4089: 4084:978-1451413281 4083: 4070: 4041: 4036:978-0567080561 4035: 4020: 4014: 4001: 3985: 3979: 3964: 3958: 3943: 3937: 3922: 3916: 3901: 3896:978-0195182491 3895: 3877: 3863: 3858:978-0199839438 3857: 3839: 3830: 3824: 3809: 3804:978-0851117782 3803: 3788: 3783:978-1575061009 3782: 3765: 3756: 3747: 3741: 3724: 3719:978-0192802903 3718: 3703: 3697: 3682: 3676: 3661: 3656:978-1317722243 3655: 3638: 3632: 3617: 3611: 3598: 3592: 3575: 3569: 3554: 3548: 3533: 3528:978-1451415551 3527: 3512: 3507:978-0827232273 3506: 3491: 3485: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3461: 3449: 3437: 3425: 3423:, p. 117. 3413: 3401: 3389: 3377: 3358: 3343: 3331: 3319: 3307: 3295: 3283: 3271: 3259: 3247: 3245:, p. 415. 3235: 3229:978-1009210850 3228: 3210: 3198: 3186: 3174: 3163:(2): 112-113. 3144: 3138:978-9004113022 3137: 3121:Chilton, Bruce 3112: 3100: 3088: 3076: 3064: 3052: 3040: 3038:, p. 523. 3028: 3016: 3014:, p. 175. 3004: 3002:, p. 122. 2992: 2990:, p. 403. 2980: 2968: 2956: 2944: 2932: 2930:, p. 100. 2920: 2908: 2896: 2884: 2873:(2): 447–476. 2850: 2848:, p. 185. 2838: 2826: 2824:, p. 214. 2814: 2812:, p. 216. 2802: 2796:978-1009210850 2795: 2777: 2751: 2739: 2727: 2725:, p. 114. 2715: 2703: 2691: 2679: 2667: 2665:, p. 125. 2655: 2653:, p. 158. 2643: 2631: 2629:, p. 217. 2614: 2612:, p. 192. 2602: 2579: 2577:, p. 183. 2567: 2555: 2551:Culpepper 1999 2538: 2526: 2519: 2501: 2499:, p. 309. 2486: 2474: 2462: 2456:978-1589835603 2455: 2437: 2431:978-0801027611 2430: 2409: 2390: 2378: 2363: 2348: 2333: 2318: 2303: 2288: 2286:, p. 241. 2273: 2258: 2243: 2228: 2216: 2199: 2184: 2165: 2150: 2148:, p. 4-5. 2135: 2120: 2105: 2103:, p. 174. 2090: 2075: 2073:, p. 133. 2060: 2056:Alexander 2006 2048: 2046:, p. 697. 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2024: 1995: 1982: 1969: 1956: 1952:Sanders (2010) 1941: 1925: 1913: 1911: 1910: 1904: 1901:Sanders (2010) 1898: 1881: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1835:Gospel harmony 1832: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1795: 1790: 1784: 1783: 1782: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1759: 1752: 1749: 1743: 1742: 1738: 1735: 1729: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1716: 1715: 1705: 1702: 1696: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1683: 1682: 1671: 1668: 1662: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1649: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1636: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1623: 1622: 1598: 1595: 1589: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1576: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1563: 1562: 1559:Pontius Pilate 1547: 1544: 1538: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1525: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1512: 1511: 1505: 1502: 1500:Gospel of Mary 1496: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1483: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1470: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1457: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1444: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1428: 1427: 1400: 1388: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1336:Main article: 1333: 1330: 1285:Main article: 1282: 1279: 1217:believed that 1211:form criticism 1142: 1139: 1090: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1037: 1034: 961: 958: 955: 954: 951: 947: 946: 943: 939: 938: 933: 929: 928: 923: 919: 918: 913: 909: 908: 904: 903: 901:, 14th century 892: 884: 883: 864:Gospel of John 860:Gospel of Luke 856:Gospel of Mark 847: 844: 838:Modern English 775:"messenger" + 737: 734: 521: 520: 518: 517: 510: 503: 495: 492: 491: 489: 488: 476: 463: 460: 459: 456: 455: 450: 440: 435: 430: 424: 421:Related topics 420: 419: 418: 415: 414: 411: 410: 405: 403: 402: 397: 391: 389: 387: 386: 381: 375: 372: 366: 365: 364: 361: 360: 357: 356: 350: 349: 344: 343: 341: 340: 334: 332: 330: 329: 324: 319: 313: 311: 309: 308: 303: 297: 295: 289: 288: 281: 280: 275: 273: 272: 267: 261: 259: 257: 256: 251: 245: 243: 241: 240: 235: 229: 227: 225: 224: 219: 213: 211: 209: 208: 203: 197: 195: 193: 192: 187: 181: 179: 173: 172: 166: 156: 155: 154: 151: 150: 147: 146: 140: 139: 132: 131: 129: 128: 123: 118: 113: 107: 104: 103: 97: 87: 86: 85: 82: 81: 74: 66: 65: 57: 56: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9552: 9541: 9538: 9536: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9526: 9523: 9521: 9518: 9517: 9515: 9500: 9492: 9491: 9488: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9471:Mental health 9469: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9436: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9426: 9424: 9420: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9402: 9399: 9396: 9393: 9390: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9360: 9357: 9354: 9351: 9349: 9346: 9345: 9343: 9339: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9321: 9318: 9317: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9304: 9301: 9300: 9299: 9296: 9292: 9291:In the Talmud 9289: 9288: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9273: 9271: 9269: 9265: 9259: 9258:Cosmic Christ 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9244: 9243:Second Coming 9241: 9239: 9236: 9232: 9231:Pre-existence 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9218: 9217: 9214: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9201: 9200: 9197: 9196: 9194: 9192: 9188: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9153: 9151: 9149: 9145: 9139: 9136: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9111: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9101: 9100: 9097: 9096: 9094: 9092: 9088: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9065: 9062: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9032: 9031: 9030: 9027: 9026: 9024: 9022: 9021:New Testament 9018: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9000: 8997: 8996: 8995: 8992: 8988: 8985: 8984: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8956: 8953: 8952: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8899: 8898:Lord's Prayer 8896: 8895: 8894: 8891: 8887: 8884: 8883: 8882: 8878: 8875: 8871: 8868: 8867: 8866: 8863: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8850: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8833:Unknown years 8831: 8828: 8825: 8821: 8818: 8816: 8815:Date of birth 8813: 8811: 8808: 8807: 8806: 8803: 8801: 8798: 8797: 8795: 8793: 8788: 8784: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8769: 8766: 8762: 8755: 8750: 8748: 8743: 8741: 8736: 8735: 8732: 8720: 8712: 8710: 8705: 8700: 8699: 8696: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8652: 8650: 8646: 8640: 8637: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8622: 8618: 8617: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8608: 8607: 8605: 8601: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8528: 8527: 8525: 8523: 8519: 8513: 8510: 8506: 8503: 8502: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8495:Popular piety 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8464: 8461: 8460: 8459: 8456: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8428: 8427: 8424: 8420: 8417: 8416: 8415: 8412: 8411: 8409: 8407: 8403: 8400: 8394: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8376: 8373: 8372: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8357: 8355: 8353: 8349: 8341: 8338: 8337: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8316: 8314: 8311: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8290: 8289: 8286: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8276:People of God 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8258: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8240: 8237: 8236: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8204: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8147: 8146: 8143: 8142: 8140: 8138: 8134: 8122: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8106: 8104: 8102: 8098: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8075: 8072: 8071: 8070: 8067: 8066: 8064: 8062: 8058: 8052: 8049: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7986: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7966: 7964: 7962: 7958: 7955: 7952: 7948: 7943: 7942:Denominations 7939: 7927: 7924: 7923: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7911:Enlightenment 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7893: 7891: 7889: 7885: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7850: 7848: 7846: 7842: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7815: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7795: 7793: 7791: 7787: 7779: 7776: 7775: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7708: 7707: 7704: 7703: 7701: 7699: 7693: 7690: 7687: 7681: 7676: 7672: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7637: 7635: 7631: 7625: 7624:New Testament 7622: 7620: 7619:Old Testament 7617: 7615: 7612: 7611: 7609: 7607: 7603: 7599: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7559: 7556: 7552: 7545: 7540: 7538: 7533: 7531: 7526: 7525: 7522: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7504:Protestantism 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7474: 7473: 7470: 7469: 7466: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7451: 7448: 7445: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7405: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7377:Azusa Revival 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7357:Laestadianism 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7309: 7307: 7305: 7301: 7295: 7294:Old Lutherans 7291: 7288: 7284: 7281: 7280: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7247: 7244: 7243: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7228: 7226: 7224: 7220: 7210: 7209: 7205: 7203: 7202: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7157: 7155: 7153: 7149: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7137: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7092: 7090: 7088: 7084: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7014: 7012: 7010: 7006: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6984: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6960:Diet of Worms 6958: 6956: 6955: 6951: 6950: 6949: 6946: 6945: 6943: 6941: 6937: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6894: 6891: 6890: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6860:Protestantism 6855: 6851: 6843: 6840: 6839: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6806: 6803: 6802: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6680: 6679: 6676: 6670: 6667: 6666: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6646: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6626: 6624: 6622: 6618: 6612: 6611:North America 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6541: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6511: 6509: 6507: 6501: 6495: 6492: 6488: 6485: 6484: 6483: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6411: 6408: 6407: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6387: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6350: 6349: 6346: 6345: 6343: 6341: 6337: 6331: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6317: 6316: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6274: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6251: 6248: 6247: 6246: 6243: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6232: 6228: 6222: 6221:Early African 6219: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6204:Justin Martyr 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6181: 6180: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6125: 6124: 6121: 6120: 6118: 6116: 6110: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6078: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6026: 6025: 6024:Life of Jesus 6022: 6020: 6017: 6016: 6014: 6012:Apostolic Age 6008: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5897: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5882: 5879: 5875: 5868: 5863: 5861: 5856: 5854: 5849: 5848: 5845: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5819: 5816: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5766: 5764: 5760: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5728: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5711: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5678: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5638: 5636: 5632: 5626: 5623: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5600: 5599: 5596: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5583: 5582: 5579: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5566: 5565: 5562: 5559: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5536: 5534: 5530: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5448: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5421:2 Corinthians 5419: 5417: 5416:1 Corinthians 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5379: 5378:New Testament 5375: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5359:New Testament 5357: 5353: 5350: 5349: 5348: 5345: 5344: 5342: 5338: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5316: 5315: 5312: 5311: 5309: 5307: 5303: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5283: 5281: 5279: 5274: 5268: 5267:Broader canon 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5244: 5242: 5240: 5236: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5196: 5194: 5188: 5185: 5184: 5181: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5159: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5110: 5108: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5091: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5076: 5072: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4980:Song of Songs 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4879: 4878:Old Testament 4874: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4855: 4850: 4848: 4843: 4841: 4836: 4835: 4832: 4825: 4822: 4819: 4816: 4813: 4808: 4804: 4803: 4792: 4786: 4782: 4781: 4775: 4771: 4766: 4762: 4760:9780801095450 4756: 4752: 4751: 4745: 4741: 4736: 4732: 4726: 4722: 4717: 4713: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4694: 4690: 4688:9780521807661 4684: 4680: 4676: 4671: 4667: 4661: 4657: 4656: 4650: 4646: 4640: 4636: 4635: 4629: 4625: 4623:9780884899556 4619: 4615: 4614: 4608: 4604: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4589: 4583: 4572:on 3 May 2015 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4527:9780141928227 4523: 4519: 4518: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4499: 4495: 4494: 4488: 4484: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4465: 4461: 4459:9780567000972 4455: 4451: 4447: 4442: 4438: 4432: 4428: 4427: 4421: 4417: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4385: 4381: 4380: 4374: 4367: 4366: 4360: 4356: 4351: 4347: 4341: 4338:. Zondervan. 4337: 4336: 4330: 4326: 4320: 4316: 4311: 4307: 4301: 4298:. Doubleday. 4297: 4296: 4290: 4286: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4267: 4263: 4257: 4253: 4252: 4246: 4242: 4236: 4232: 4231: 4225: 4221: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4202: 4198: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4179: 4175: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4156: 4152: 4150:9780567691200 4146: 4142: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4112: 4108: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4080: 4076: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4042: 4038: 4032: 4028: 4027: 4021: 4017: 4011: 4007: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3993:Jesus Seminar 3990: 3986: 3982: 3980:9780802828811 3976: 3972: 3971: 3965: 3961: 3959:9781725283886 3955: 3951: 3950: 3944: 3940: 3938:9780199831289 3934: 3930: 3929: 3923: 3919: 3917:9780199831289 3913: 3909: 3908: 3902: 3898: 3892: 3888: 3887: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3873: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3854: 3850: 3849: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3831: 3827: 3821: 3817: 3816: 3810: 3806: 3800: 3796: 3795: 3789: 3785: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3766: 3762: 3757: 3753: 3748: 3744: 3742:9780664257521 3738: 3734: 3730: 3725: 3721: 3715: 3711: 3710: 3704: 3700: 3694: 3690: 3689: 3683: 3679: 3673: 3669: 3668: 3662: 3658: 3652: 3649:. Routledge. 3648: 3644: 3639: 3635: 3629: 3625: 3624: 3618: 3614: 3612:0-567-04204-9 3608: 3604: 3599: 3595: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3576: 3572: 3566: 3562: 3561: 3555: 3551: 3545: 3541: 3540: 3534: 3530: 3524: 3520: 3519: 3513: 3509: 3503: 3499: 3498: 3492: 3488: 3486:9780521807661 3482: 3478: 3477: 3471: 3470: 3458: 3453: 3446: 3441: 3434: 3429: 3422: 3417: 3410: 3405: 3398: 3393: 3386: 3381: 3374: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3355: 3350: 3348: 3340: 3339:Bernhard 2006 3335: 3328: 3323: 3317:, p. xx. 3316: 3311: 3304: 3299: 3292: 3287: 3281:, p. 15. 3280: 3275: 3269:, p. 35. 3268: 3263: 3256: 3251: 3244: 3239: 3231: 3225: 3221: 3214: 3207: 3202: 3196:, p. 44. 3195: 3190: 3183: 3178: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3148: 3140: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3116: 3110:, p. 26. 3109: 3104: 3097: 3092: 3085: 3080: 3073: 3068: 3062:, p. 69. 3061: 3056: 3049: 3044: 3037: 3032: 3026:, p. 45. 3025: 3020: 3013: 3008: 3001: 2996: 2989: 2984: 2977: 2972: 2965: 2960: 2953: 2948: 2941: 2940:Goodacre 2001 2936: 2929: 2924: 2917: 2912: 2906:, p. 17. 2905: 2900: 2894:, p. 41. 2893: 2888: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2857: 2855: 2847: 2842: 2835: 2830: 2823: 2818: 2811: 2806: 2798: 2792: 2788: 2781: 2765: 2761: 2755: 2749:, p. 52. 2748: 2747:Anderson 2011 2743: 2737:, p. 48. 2736: 2735:Johnson 2010a 2731: 2724: 2719: 2712: 2707: 2701:, p. 59. 2700: 2695: 2689:, p. 29. 2688: 2683: 2676: 2671: 2664: 2659: 2652: 2647: 2640: 2635: 2628: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2611: 2606: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2583: 2576: 2575:Thompson 2006 2571: 2564: 2563:Woodhead 2004 2559: 2553:, p. 66. 2552: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2536:, p. 51. 2535: 2534:Petersen 2010 2530: 2522: 2520:9780199566365 2516: 2512: 2505: 2498: 2493: 2491: 2483: 2478: 2471: 2466: 2458: 2452: 2448: 2441: 2433: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2413: 2405: 2401: 2394: 2387: 2382: 2375: 2370: 2368: 2360: 2355: 2353: 2346:, p. 56. 2345: 2344:Goodacre 2001 2340: 2338: 2330: 2325: 2323: 2316:, p. 18. 2315: 2310: 2308: 2300: 2295: 2293: 2285: 2280: 2278: 2270: 2265: 2263: 2255: 2250: 2248: 2240: 2235: 2233: 2225: 2220: 2213: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2197:, p. 53. 2196: 2191: 2189: 2181: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2162: 2157: 2155: 2147: 2146:Sanders 1995b 2142: 2140: 2132: 2127: 2125: 2118:, p. 32. 2117: 2112: 2110: 2102: 2097: 2095: 2088:, p. 52. 2087: 2082: 2080: 2072: 2067: 2065: 2058:, p. 16. 2057: 2052: 2045: 2040: 2038: 2033: 2021: 2019: 2013: 2009: 2005: 1999: 1992: 1986: 1979: 1973: 1966: 1963:According to 1960: 1953: 1948: 1946: 1938: 1932: 1930: 1922: 1917: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1895:Schoeps (1968 1893: 1892: 1888: 1886: 1878: 1877:Sanders (1995 1873: 1871: 1866: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1810:Bodmer Papyri 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1800: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1785: 1780: 1774: 1769: 1757: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1744: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1730: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1663: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1650: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1637: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1603: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1590: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1577: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1539: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1526: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1513: 1510: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1497: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1484: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1458: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1445: 1441: 1438: 1434: 1425: 1424:enlightenment 1421: 1417: 1413: 1408: 1404: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1392: 1391: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1354: 1353: 1352: 1344: 1339: 1329: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1300: 1295: 1288: 1278: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1260: 1258: 1252: 1250: 1244: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1232:Bruce Chilton 1230:According to 1227: 1224: 1218: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1203: 1201: 1196: 1192: 1187: 1184: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1171: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1152: 1148: 1138: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1123: 1121: 1116: 1112: 1111:L source 1108: 1107:M source 1103: 1102:Q source 1099: 1095: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1077: 1076: 1072: 1063: 1062:New Testament 1055: 1054:L source 1052:), Luke (the 1051: 1050:M source 1047: 1042: 1033: 1031: 1027: 1026:Larry Hurtado 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 997: 993: 991: 987: 983: 978: 973: 971: 967: 952: 948: 944: 940: 937: 936:Apostolic Age 934: 930: 927: 924: 920: 917: 914: 910: 905: 900: 899:Sargis Pitsak 896: 890: 885: 880: 875: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 843: 841: 839: 835: 830: 824: 818: 812: 806: 801: 797: 792: 787: 783: 750: 746: 742: 733: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 690: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 639:New Testament 635: 633: 629: 625: 624:E. P. Sanders 621: 617: 613: 608: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 568: 564: 556: AD 200 550: 545: 534: 529: 525: 516: 511: 509: 504: 502: 497: 496: 494: 493: 487: 482: 477: 475: 465: 464: 462: 461: 454: 451: 448: 444: 441: 439: 436: 434: 431: 429: 426: 425: 417: 416: 409: 406: 401: 398: 396: 393: 392: 390: 385: 382: 380: 377: 376: 374: 373: 369: 363: 362: 355: 352: 351: 347: 346: 339: 336: 335: 333: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 314: 312: 307: 304: 302: 299: 298: 296: 294: 291: 290: 287: 284: 283: 279: 276: 271: 268: 266: 263: 262: 260: 255: 252: 250: 247: 246: 244: 239: 236: 234: 231: 230: 228: 223: 220: 218: 215: 214: 212: 207: 204: 202: 199: 198: 196: 191: 190:2 Corinthians 188: 186: 185:1 Corinthians 183: 182: 180: 178: 175: 174: 171: 168: 167: 163: 159: 153: 152: 145: 142: 141: 138: 135: 134: 127: 124: 122: 119: 117: 114: 112: 109: 108: 106: 105: 102: 99: 98: 94: 90: 84: 83: 78: 72: 68: 67: 64: 63:New Testament 59: 58: 54: 50: 49: 44: 37: 33: 19: 9381:Holy Kinship 9332:Master Jesus 9310:Baháʼí Faith 9204:Christianity 9191:Christianity 9161:Christ Child 9156:Bibliography 9028: 9006:Resurrection 8920:Homelessness 8829:(apocryphal) 8810:Virgin birth 8800:Annunciation 8792:Jesus's life 8619: 8414:Architecture 8308:Confirmation 8256:Ecclesiology 8187:Original sin 8177:Nicene Creed 7974:Old Catholic 7858:Papal States 7790:Great Church 7756:Resurrection 7698:Christianity 7655:New Covenant 7606:(Scriptures) 7551:Christianity 7420:Charismatics 7403: 7382:Gospel music 7312:Camp meeting 7304:1789–present 7236:Missionaries 7206: 7199: 7190:Menno Simons 7134: 7130:Church music 6981: 6952: 6837:Conciliarism 6822:Papal Schism 6664:Scandinavian 6556:Great Schism 6534:Nestorianism 6506:Christianity 6438:priest holes 6319:Chalcedonian 6282:Christianity 6236:Great Church 6080: 6044:Resurrection 5727:Vetus Latina 5725: 5708: 5661:Jewish canon 5656:Antilegomena 5580: 5558:Poetic Books 5554:Wisdom books 5532:Subdivisions 5445: 5150: / 5075:Deuterocanon 4995:Lamentations 4975:Ecclesiastes 4882:(protocanon) 4873:Hebrew Bible 4814:at Wikiquote 4779: 4769: 4749: 4739: 4720: 4704:. Eerdmans. 4701: 4678: 4654: 4633: 4612: 4593:Anchor Books 4587: 4574:. Retrieved 4570:the original 4565: 4539: 4516: 4492: 4472: 4449: 4425: 4405: 4378: 4364: 4354: 4334: 4317:. Abingdon. 4314: 4294: 4277:. Eerdmans. 4274: 4250: 4229: 4212:. Eerdmans. 4209: 4186: 4163: 4140: 4123: 4119: 4096: 4093:Keith, Chris 4074: 4049: 4045: 4025: 4005: 3996: 3973:. Eerdmans. 3969: 3948: 3927: 3906: 3885: 3871: 3847: 3834: 3814: 3793: 3773: 3760: 3751: 3732: 3708: 3687: 3666: 3646: 3622: 3602: 3583: 3559: 3538: 3517: 3496: 3475: 3457:Wiegers 1995 3452: 3440: 3428: 3421:Metzger 2003 3416: 3404: 3392: 3380: 3341:, p. 2. 3334: 3327:Ehrman 2005b 3322: 3310: 3298: 3286: 3274: 3267:Ehrman 2005a 3262: 3255:Ehrman 2005a 3250: 3238: 3219: 3213: 3201: 3189: 3177: 3160: 3156: 3147: 3128: 3125:Evans, Craig 3115: 3108:Lincoln 2005 3103: 3091: 3084:Reddish 2011 3079: 3067: 3060:Ehrman 2005a 3055: 3048:Ehrman 2005a 3043: 3036:Tuckett 2000 3031: 3019: 3007: 2995: 2988:Edwards 2002 2983: 2971: 2959: 2952:Perkins 2012 2947: 2942:, p. 1. 2935: 2928:Martens 2004 2923: 2916:Burkett 2002 2911: 2904:Reddish 2011 2899: 2887: 2870: 2866: 2841: 2829: 2822:Burkett 2002 2817: 2810:Burkett 2002 2805: 2786: 2780: 2770:29 September 2768:. Retrieved 2763: 2754: 2742: 2730: 2718: 2706: 2694: 2682: 2675:Telford 1999 2670: 2658: 2651:Burkett 2002 2646: 2634: 2627:Burkett 2002 2605: 2597:the original 2592: 2582: 2570: 2565:, p. 4. 2558: 2529: 2510: 2504: 2477: 2465: 2446: 2440: 2421: 2412: 2403: 2399: 2393: 2381: 2376:, p. 6. 2329:Reddish 2011 2314:Lincoln 2005 2299:Reddish 2011 2284:Perkins 1998 2219: 2180:Sanders 2010 2161:Schoeps 1968 2071:Lincoln 2004 2051: 2015: 2011: 2008:Reddish 2011 1998: 1985: 1972: 1959: 1916: 1907:Ehrman (1999 1797: 1751:14th–16th c. 1657:Early 2nd c. 1631:Early 2nd c. 1601: 1597:Early 2nd c. 1546:Early 2nd c. 1520:Early 2nd c. 1508: 1491:Early 2nd c. 1478:Early 2nd c. 1465:Early 2nd c. 1389: 1349: 1325: 1290: 1262: 1254: 1249:Apostle Paul 1245: 1229: 1222: 1220: 1204: 1188: 1179: 1168: 1156: 1154: 1124: 1091: 1073: 1069: AD 66 1059: 998: 994: 974: 963: 916:Christianity 842: 740: 739: 728:such as the 691: 683:Signs Gospel 636: 611: 609: 562: 561: 524: 88: 60:Books of the 9407:Descendants 9365:Holy Family 9348:Genealogies 9315:Manichaeism 9221:Incarnation 9216:Christology 9209:1st century 9091:Historicity 8982:Crucifixion 8950:Last Supper 8675:Persecution 8610:Christendom 8603:Cooperation 8540:Charismatic 8451:Holy Spirit 8360:Natural law 8323:Holy orders 8172:Christology 8165:Holy Spirit 8034:Pentecostal 8014:Evangelical 8009:Charismatic 7853:Monasticism 7845:Middle Ages 7808:Constantine 7751:Crucifixion 7633:Foundations 7509:Catholicism 7446:Protestants 7440:Evangelical 7115:39 Articles 7110:Elizabethan 7087:Anglicanism 7067:Westminster 6977:Melanchthon 6940:Lutheranism 6905:Nicodemites 6883:Arminianism 6854:Reformation 6795:Bonaventure 6770:Inquisition 6765:Waldensians 6715:Investiture 6693:Kievan Rus' 6649:Anglo-Saxon 6629:Pelagianism 6621:Middle Ages 6544:Iconodulism 6419:Thomas More 6340:Catholicism 6262:Monasticism 6245:Constantine 6170:Persecution 6128:Adoptionism 6113:Ante-Nicene 6056:Holy Spirit 6039:Crucifixion 6010:Origins and 5911:2nd and 3rd 5832:WikiProject 5710:Diatessaron 5681:Manuscripts 5634:Development 5436:Philippians 5306:Beta Israel 5224:4 Maccabees 5219:3 Maccabees 5133:2 Maccabees 5128:1 Maccabees 4910:Deuteronomy 4576:27 November 4542:. Penguin. 4520:. Penguin. 4357:. 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Penguin. 3397:Meier 1991 3385:Casey 2010 3153:Wright, NT 3024:Allen 2013 2976:Allen 2013 2497:Burge 2014 2269:Keith 2012 2212:Keith 2016 2029:References 2020:: Volume 3 1937:Dunn (2003 1921:Dunn (1995 1825:The gospel 1704:Mid 2nd c. 1691:Mid 2nd c. 1644:Mid 2nd c. 1452:Mid 2nd c. 1416:repentance 1407:Jewish god 1191:topography 1165:propaganda 1135:Septuagint 1006:temptation 982:King David 791:evangelium 782:diminutive 760:ευαγγέλιον 754:εὐαγγέλιον 589:the gospel 587:message (" 581:evangelium 572:εὐαγγέλιον 368:Authorship 348:Apocalypse 222:Colossians 162:Apocalypse 137:Lukan Acts 32:The gospel 9466:Criticism 9451:Christmas 9327:Mandaeism 9303:Ahmadiyya 9011:Ascension 8935:Anointing 8870:Disciples 8853:Selecting 8665:Criticism 8615:Ecumenism 8579:Mysticism 8545:Democracy 8535:Anarchism 8522:Movements 8485:Mythology 8463:Catechism 8458:Education 8375:Evolution 8298:Eucharist 8281:Canon law 8239:Theotokos 8234:Mariology 8192:Salvation 8182:Tradition 8029:Methodist 7989:Adventist 7823:Chalcedon 7397:Ecumenism 7347:Adventism 7337:Mormonism 7273:Millerism 7268:Methodism 7223:1640–1789 7125:Civil War 7072:Orthodoxy 7027:Huguenots 7009:Calvinism 6994:Eucharist 6989:Orthodoxy 6873:Eucharist 6805:Five Ways 6755:Dulcinian 6708:Pomerania 6634:Gregory I 6478:Vatican I 6468:Modernism 6453:Molinists 6443:Guadalupe 6314:Chalcedon 6309:Ephesus I 6299:Augustine 6175:Apostolic 6158:Montanism 6123:Diversity 5899:Centuries 5608:Johannine 5468:2 Timothy 5463:1 Timothy 5431:Ephesians 5426:Galatians 5214:Psalm 151 5082:apocrypha 5060:Zechariah 5050:Zephaniah 4935:1–2 Kings 4900:Leviticus 4538:(1995b). 3883:(2005b). 3869:(2005a). 3291:Aune 2003 3206:Dunn 2003 3012:Lieu 2005 2964:Aune 1987 2699:Aune 1987 2386:Dunn 1995 2254:Dunn 2003 2239:Dunn 1995 2101:Dunn 2005 1724:Uncertain 1306: 85 1257:telephone 1240:NT Wright 1195:Jerusalem 1131:allusions 1120:Johannine 970:Pharisees 820:"good" + 786:Latinized 769:"good" + 736:Etymology 597:his trial 585:Christian 549:Papyrus 4 379:Luke-Acts 254:2 Timothy 249:1 Timothy 206:Ephesians 201:Galatians 9499:Category 9370:Panthera 9355:(mother) 9114:Josephus 8967:Betrayal 8910:Miracles 8905:Parables 8865:Ministry 8848:Apostles 8805:Nativity 8719:Category 8584:Pacifism 8398:features 8382:Politics 8335:Ablution 8303:Marriage 8207:Catholic 8137:Theology 8044:Reformed 8024:Lutheran 8019:Holiness 7999:Anglican 7969:Catholic 7873:Crusades 7818:Nicaea I 7768:Apostles 7741:Miracles 7736:Parables 7726:Ministry 7716:Nativity 7680:timeline 7577:Prophets 7572:Glossary 7489:Theology 7477:Missions 7472:Timeline 7444:Mainline 7392:Pacifism 7241:Baptists 7160:Theology 7120:Puritans 7095:Timeline 7037:Scotland 6965:Theology 6812:Wycliffe 6760:Crusades 6735:Bogomils 6688:Bulgaria 6644:Germanic 6596:Ethiopia 6494:Timeline 6272:Nicaea I 6267:Councils 6199:Irenaeus 6194:Ignatius 6189:Polycarp 6143:Donatism 6138:Docetism 6133:Arianism 6034:Ministry 5822:Category 5721:Peshitta 5618:Catholic 5613:Pastoral 5598:Epistles 5591:Synoptic 5478:Philemon 5291:2 Baruch 5278:Peshitta 5252:Jubilees 5204:2 Esdras 5199:1 Esdras 5094:Catholic 5045:Habakkuk 4990:Jeremiah 4970:Proverbs 4950:Nehemiah 4560:(2010). 4514:(1995). 4400:(1998). 4095:(2012). 3845:(1999). 3127:(1998). 2687:Eve 2021 2420:(2006). 1850:Jesusism 1765:See also 1712:Irenaeus 1613:and the 1442:Content 1420:illusion 1399:beliefs. 1127:Parousia 1022:Passover 960:Contents 942:Chapters 922:Language 912:Religion 895:Armenian 667:Q source 547:). 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