712:
38:
687:
724:
608:
1194:
595:). The Swedes were willing to accept the Norwegian urge for separate consular affairs, but they demanded that Norway accept the precedent under which the union had operated for 90 years, namely that the Foreign Minister be Swedish. This, the Norwegians felt, acknowledged Sweden as having the upper hand in the Union. While this supremacy existed in reality, Norwegians were unwilling to accept the unequal relationship on a formal, legal basis.
705:. In recent times, the Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI) was established as an independent centre for research on international development and policy. Founded in Bergen in 1930, CMI conducts both applied and theoretical research, and has a multidisciplinary profile anchored in four thematic research groups, namely human rights, democracy and development, peace, conflict and the state, poverty reduction and public sector reform.
1048:
604:
He knew that the
Norwegian people, after months of well-directed information in a unanimous press, was united in a way that is extremely rare in a democracy. In the referendum that proved the Norwegian will to dissolve the union, retention of the union garnered a mere 184 votes nationwide, which represented only one vote out of every 2000 cast.
603:
declared that because the King had been unable to form a new government in Norway after
Michelsen's resignation, he had lost the capacity to rule and hence ceased to be king of Norway. This strategic move gave the dissolution a somewhat legal basis, and was primarily the work of Christian Michelsen.
628:
carried on
Michelsen's work, but lacked the will to force the coalition to stand united, and in 1908 the coalition broke down. In social policy, Michelsen's time as prime minister saw the passage of the 1906 Law on Central and Local Government Contributions to Unemployment Funds, which introduced
598:
On 27 May 1905 King Oscar refused to sign the bill, and in response the
Norwegian cabinet ministers resigned collectively. The king took no further action, probably aware that a dissolution of the Union was imminent, and the Swedish politicians did nothing, probably believing that this was another
623:
In 1906 Michelsen won the election on an "above-the-parties" ticket, which quickly alienated the leading
Liberals from him. In 1907 he resigned, having tired of petty squabbles among the political leaders, and accepting that his political views had been defeated.
695:
587:). The Swedish government had for several years insisted that laws governing foreign affairs had to be a part of the union agreement, and as such, consular laws could not be passed by the Norwegian Storting without consent of the
615:
Michelsen, though a believer in a democratic republic in Norway, accepted that a democratic monarchy would have the greatest chances to be accepted abroad and among a majority of
Norwegians. Prince Carl of Denmark became King
556:. He considered himself mostly above petty party strifes, and one of his major aims was to create a coalition of parties reaching from the Conservative Party to the Liberal Party, which he called the
509:
1570:
1120:
536:
and went on to become a lawyer. He later established the shipping company, Chr. Michelsen & Co., which became one of the largest in Norway.
1580:
1575:
711:
938:
1289:
1615:
1605:
1113:
263:
1133:
723:
653:
1052:
1610:
1148:
1106:
1080:
525:
1590:
20:
565:
652:
He was married in 1881 to
Johanne Benedicte Wallendahl (1861–1910). In 1905, he was awarded the Grand Cross of
1595:
1218:
700:
164:
157:
110:
694:
Michelsen bequeathed most of his estate to a fund which made possible the establishment and operation of
1168:
641:
572:
as Prime
Minister, and immediately became the leader of the movement towards dissolution of the union (
508:
and Norway's 9th prime minister from 1905 to 1907. Michelsen is most known for his central role in the
460:
1153:
1585:
1394:
445:
1129:
557:
505:
438:
53:
1600:
1329:
1213:
1178:
1001:
553:
529:
963:
Growth to limits: the
Western European welfare states since World War 2: Volume 4 by Peter Flora
611:
Michelsen greets King Haakon and prince Olav as they arrive in Norway for the first time in 1905
1354:
1339:
1324:
828:
740:
675:
561:
431:
620:
after a new referendum had given the monarchy proponents approximately 79% of the votes cast.
1504:
1494:
1484:
978:
1173:
942:
1565:
1560:
1524:
1514:
1334:
617:
588:
313:
78:
1509:
8:
1314:
1304:
1279:
1158:
1090:
1072:
625:
528:. He was the eldest of five siblings born into a merchant family. Michelsen attended the
416:
211:
102:
1539:
1193:
1375:
1359:
1098:
759:
674:
mansion, which was completed in 1900. The estate today functions as a residence of the
580:
533:
74:
846:
145:
1529:
1519:
1454:
1444:
1434:
1474:
1464:
1414:
1384:
1258:
1243:
1068:
637:
633:
569:
234:
1489:
1404:
1299:
1284:
1248:
1233:
1223:
1208:
1183:
521:
360:
348:
199:
37:
1554:
1349:
1344:
1319:
1163:
246:
564:, and was one of the strongest proponents of a more firm policy towards the
1534:
1479:
1469:
1294:
686:
1499:
671:
665:
607:
1459:
1439:
1309:
1253:
1238:
1228:
1023:
1449:
784:
420:
396:
973:
892:
512:, and was one of Norway's most influential politicians of his time.
600:
545:
1047:
869:
501:
400:
392:
696:
Chr. Michelsen
Institute for Science and Intellectual freedom
807:
915:
670:
In the year 1899, Michelsen began the construction of the
510:
dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden in 1905
1128:
599:
Norwegian political retreat. On 7 June, the Norwegian
583:'s refusal to accept the Norwegian consular laws (
729:Gamlehaugen, Michelsen's estate outside of Bergen
504:shipping magnate and statesman. He was the first
1552:
893:"Chr. Michelsen, Politiker, Skipsreder, Donator"
717:Memorial to Christian Michelsen. Bergen, Norway
496:(15 March 1857– 29 June 1925), better known as
1571:People educated at the Bergen Cathedral School
1399:(Chairman of the Administrative Council, 1940)
579:The formal basis for the dissolution was King
1114:
844:
524:, he was named after his grandfather, bishop
42:Christian Michelsen by the early 20th century
936:
867:
782:
656:and in 1907 he received the Collar as well.
681:
632:In 1925, he, along with the polar explorer
494:Peter Christian Hersleb Kjerschow Michelsen
380:Peter Christian Hersleb Kjerschow Michelsen
326:27 November 1905 – 23 October 1907
177:31 October 1905 – 27 November 1905
1121:
1107:
913:
805:
36:
224:1 September 1904 – 11 March 1905
890:
760:"Christian Michelsen Facts | Britannica"
685:
606:
66:11 March 1905 – 23 October 1907
16:1st Prime Minister of independent Norway
1024:"Chr. Michelsen institute – Who We Are"
941:. Store norske leksikon. Archived from
560:. He served as Finance Minister in the
1553:
690:The Chr. Michelsen Institute in Bergen
123:25 May 1907 – 23 October 1907
1102:
654:The Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav
1581:Coalition Party (Norway) politicians
1379:(Prime Minister in exile, 1940–1945)
568:. In March 1905, Michelsen replaced
506:prime minister of independent Norway
276:11 March 1905 – 7 June 1905
966:
539:
13:
1576:Liberal Party (Norway) politicians
19:For the Norwegian footballer, see
14:
1627:
1041:
526:Peder Christian Hersleb Kjerschow
1409:(German Commissioner for Norway)
1192:
1046:
722:
710:
647:
21:Christian Michelsen (footballer)
1419:(Minister President, 1942–1945)
1016:
994:
957:
829:«Nu gjælder det at holde kjæft»
566:union between Sweden and Norway
1616:Ministers of justice of Norway
1606:Ministers of finance of Norway
930:
907:
884:
861:
838:
822:
799:
776:
752:
659:
534:The Royal Frederick University
1:
1130:Heads of government of Norway
746:
515:
552:) in 1891, representing the
473:Johanne Benedicte Wallendahl
7:
1389:(Prime Minister, 1940 coup)
895:. Norsk biografisk leksikon
847:"Unionsoppløsningen i 1905"
734:
678:and is open to the public.
10:
1632:
1611:Fatherland League (Norway)
1268:Prime ministers, 1905–1940
1202:Prime ministers, 1873–1905
1142:First ministers, 1814–1873
1026:. Chr. Michelsen institute
939:"Jørgen Gunnarson Løvland"
663:
544:He became a member of the
18:
1427:
1368:
1267:
1201:
1190:
1141:
1087:
1078:
1065:
1060:
574:Unionsoppløsningen i 1905
487:
477:
469:
454:
427:
406:
375:
370:
366:
354:
342:
330:
319:
312:
302:
292:
280:
269:
262:
252:
240:
228:
217:
205:
193:
181:
170:
163:
151:
139:
127:
116:
108:
96:
84:
70:
59:
51:
47:
35:
28:
1081:Prime Minister of Norway
682:Chr. Michelsen Institute
54:Prime Minister of Norway
1591:Members of the Storting
1004:. Den Norske Kongehuset
1002:"The Order of St. Olav"
918:. Store norske leksikon
872:. Store norske leksikon
849:. Store norske leksikon
810:. Store norske leksikon
787:. Store norske leksikon
554:Liberal Party of Norway
530:Bergen Cathedral School
1428:Prime ministers, 1945–
691:
676:Norwegian royal family
636:and the industrialist
612:
562:second cabinet Hagerup
1596:Norwegian republicans
1071:(in Christiania) and
1055:at Wikimedia Commons
979:Store norske leksikon
785:"Christian Michelsen"
689:
629:voluntary insurance.
610:
158:Karl F. Griffin Dawes
618:Haakon VII of Norway
546:Norwegian Parliament
532:. He studied law at
314:Minister of Auditing
91:Position established
1053:Christian Michelsen
845:Francis Sejersted.
741:Michelsen's Cabinet
498:Christian Michelsen
446:Free-minded Liberal
264:Minister of Justice
165:Minister of Finance
111:Minister of Defence
30:Christian Michelsen
1061:Political offices
937:Magnus A. Mardal.
868:Magnus A. Mardal.
783:Magnus A. Mardal.
764:www.britannica.com
692:
613:
589:Swedish Parliament
1548:
1547:
1420:
1410:
1400:
1390:
1380:
1097:
1096:
1088:Succeeded by
1051:Media related to
974:"Fedrelandslaget"
945:on August 7, 2016
831:, by Øyvind Ask,
642:Fatherland League
491:
490:
461:Fatherland League
1623:
1586:Mayors of Bergen
1418:
1408:
1398:
1388:
1378:
1196:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1100:
1099:
1066:Preceded by
1058:
1057:
1050:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
998:
992:
991:
989:
987:
970:
964:
961:
955:
954:
952:
950:
934:
928:
927:
925:
923:
914:Haakon Holmboe.
911:
905:
904:
902:
900:
888:
882:
881:
879:
877:
865:
859:
858:
856:
854:
842:
836:
826:
820:
819:
817:
815:
806:Terje Bratberg.
803:
797:
796:
794:
792:
780:
774:
773:
771:
770:
756:
726:
714:
704:
540:Political career
465:
450:
443:
436:
413:
389:
387:
371:Personal details
357:
345:
333:
324:
305:
295:
283:
274:
255:
243:
231:
222:
208:
196:
184:
175:
154:
142:
130:
121:
99:
87:
64:
40:
26:
25:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1423:
1369:WWII, 1940–1945
1364:
1263:
1197:
1188:
1137:
1127:
1093:
1084:
1076:
1069:Francis Hagerup
1044:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1007:
1005:
1000:
999:
995:
985:
983:
972:
971:
967:
962:
958:
948:
946:
935:
931:
921:
919:
912:
908:
898:
896:
889:
885:
875:
873:
870:"Konsulatsaken"
866:
862:
852:
850:
843:
839:
833:Bergens Tidende
827:
823:
813:
811:
804:
800:
790:
788:
781:
777:
768:
766:
758:
757:
753:
749:
737:
730:
727:
718:
715:
698:
684:
668:
662:
650:
638:Joakim Lehmkuhl
634:Fridtjof Nansen
570:Francis Hagerup
558:Coalition Party
542:
518:
482:
463:
456:
455:Other political
448:
444:
441:
437:
434:
428:Political party
415:
411:
391:
385:
383:
382:
381:
355:
343:
331:
325:
320:
303:
298:Francis Hagerup
293:
281:
275:
270:
253:
241:
235:Francis Hagerup
229:
223:
218:
206:
194:
182:
176:
171:
152:
140:
128:
122:
117:
97:
85:
77:
65:
60:
43:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1629:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1601:Collett family
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1411:
1401:
1391:
1381:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1103:
1095:
1094:
1091:Jørgen Løvland
1089:
1086:
1077:
1075:(in Stockholm)
1073:Jørgen Løvland
1067:
1063:
1062:
1043:
1042:External links
1040:
1038:
1037:
1015:
993:
982:(in Norwegian)
965:
956:
929:
906:
891:Atle Thowsen.
883:
860:
837:
821:
798:
775:
750:
748:
745:
744:
743:
736:
733:
732:
731:
728:
721:
719:
716:
709:
683:
680:
664:Main article:
661:
658:
649:
646:
640:, founded the
626:Jørgen Løvland
541:
538:
517:
514:
489:
488:
485:
484:
479:
475:
474:
471:
467:
466:
458:
452:
451:
429:
425:
424:
414:(aged 68)
408:
404:
403:
379:
377:
373:
372:
368:
367:
364:
363:
361:Sven Aarrestad
358:
352:
351:
349:Harald Bothner
346:
340:
339:
334:
332:Prime Minister
328:
327:
317:
316:
310:
309:
308:Edvard H. Bull
306:
300:
299:
296:
290:
289:
284:
282:Prime Minister
278:
277:
267:
266:
260:
259:
258:Gunnar Knudsen
256:
250:
249:
244:
238:
237:
232:
230:Prime Minister
226:
225:
215:
214:
212:Edvard H. Bull
209:
203:
202:
200:Gunnar Knudsen
197:
191:
190:
185:
183:Prime Minister
179:
178:
168:
167:
161:
160:
155:
149:
148:
146:Wilhelm Olssøn
143:
137:
136:
131:
129:Prime Minister
125:
124:
114:
113:
106:
105:
103:Jørgen Løvland
100:
94:
93:
88:
82:
81:
72:
68:
67:
57:
56:
49:
48:
45:
44:
41:
33:
32:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1628:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1119:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1092:
1083:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1049:
1025:
1019:
1003:
997:
981:
980:
975:
969:
960:
944:
940:
933:
917:
910:
894:
887:
871:
864:
848:
841:
834:
830:
825:
809:
802:
786:
779:
765:
761:
755:
751:
742:
739:
738:
725:
720:
713:
708:
707:
706:
702:
697:
688:
679:
677:
673:
667:
657:
655:
648:Personal life
645:
643:
639:
635:
630:
627:
621:
619:
609:
605:
602:
596:
594:
590:
586:
585:Konsulatsaken
582:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
486:
480:
476:
472:
468:
462:
459:
453:
447:
440:
433:
430:
426:
422:
418:
409:
405:
402:
398:
394:
390:15 March 1857
378:
374:
369:
365:
362:
359:
353:
350:
347:
341:
338:
335:
329:
323:
318:
315:
311:
307:
301:
297:
291:
288:
285:
279:
273:
268:
265:
261:
257:
251:
248:
247:Birger Kildal
245:
239:
236:
233:
227:
221:
216:
213:
210:
204:
201:
198:
192:
189:
186:
180:
174:
169:
166:
162:
159:
156:
150:
147:
144:
138:
135:
132:
126:
120:
115:
112:
107:
104:
101:
95:
92:
89:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
63:
58:
55:
50:
46:
39:
34:
27:
22:
1413:
1403:
1393:
1383:
1376:Nygaardsvold
1360:Nygaardsvold
1274:
1079:
1045:
1028:. Retrieved
1018:
1006:. Retrieved
996:
984:. Retrieved
977:
968:
959:
947:. Retrieved
943:the original
932:
920:. Retrieved
909:
897:. Retrieved
886:
874:. Retrieved
863:
851:. Retrieved
840:
832:
824:
812:. Retrieved
801:
789:. Retrieved
778:
767:. Retrieved
763:
754:
693:
669:
651:
631:
622:
614:
597:
592:
584:
578:
573:
549:
543:
519:
497:
493:
492:
457:affiliations
412:(1925-06-29)
410:29 June 1925
356:Succeeded by
336:
321:
304:Succeeded by
286:
271:
254:Succeeded by
219:
207:Succeeded by
187:
172:
153:Succeeded by
133:
118:
98:Succeeded by
90:
61:
1566:1925 deaths
1561:1857 births
1530:Stoltenberg
1520:Stoltenberg
1395:Christensen
1219:Schweigaard
1159:Sommerhielm
1154:Rosenkrantz
1030:February 4,
986:26 February
808:"Kjerschow"
699: [
672:Gamlehaugen
666:Gamlehaugen
660:Gamlehaugen
435:(1884–1903)
344:Preceded by
294:Preceded by
242:Preceded by
195:Preceded by
141:Preceded by
86:Preceded by
1555:Categories
1505:Brundtland
1495:Brundtland
1485:Brundtland
1455:Gerhardsen
1445:Gerhardsen
1435:Gerhardsen
1149:Haxthausen
1085:1905–1907
916:"Haakon 7"
769:2024-06-12
747:References
516:Background
386:1857-03-15
79:Haakon VII
1355:Mowinckel
1340:Mowinckel
1325:Mowinckel
1315:Halvorsen
1305:Halvorsen
1275:Michelsen
502:Norwegian
449:(1909–25)
442:(1903–09)
439:Coalition
421:Hordaland
397:Hordaland
322:In office
272:In office
220:In office
173:In office
119:In office
62:In office
1525:Bondevik
1515:Bondevik
1475:Bratteli
1465:Bratteli
1415:Quisling
1405:Terboven
1385:Quisling
1350:Hundseid
1335:Hornsrud
1239:E. Stang
1229:E. Stang
1224:Sverdrup
1209:F. Stang
1184:F. Stang
1179:Petersen
1008:June 10,
949:June 10,
922:June 10,
899:June 10,
876:June 10,
853:June 10,
814:June 10,
791:June 10,
735:See also
601:Storting
581:Oscar II
550:Storting
520:Born in
500:, was a
478:Children
423:, Norway
75:Oscar II
71:Monarchs
1535:Solberg
1510:Jagland
1490:Willoch
1470:Korvald
1345:Kolstad
1300:Knudsen
1295:Bratlie
1285:Knudsen
1280:Løvland
1259:Hagerup
1244:Hagerup
1164:Collett
593:Riksdag
432:Liberal
337:Himself
287:Himself
188:Himself
134:Himself
109:Acting
1480:Nordli
1460:Borten
1214:Selmer
522:Bergen
481:Benny
470:Spouse
464:(1925)
401:Norway
393:Bergen
1540:Støre
1330:Lykke
1320:Berge
1310:Blehr
1290:Konow
1254:Blehr
1249:Steen
1234:Steen
703:]
483:Einar
1500:Syse
1450:Lyng
1440:Torp
1174:Vogt
1169:Krog
1134:List
1032:2023
1010:2016
988:2011
951:2016
924:2016
901:2016
878:2016
855:2016
816:2016
793:2016
417:Fana
407:Died
376:Born
52:9th
576:).
1557::
976:.
762:.
701:no
644:.
419:,
399:,
395:,
1136:)
1132:(
1122:e
1115:t
1108:v
1034:.
1012:.
990:.
953:.
926:.
903:.
880:.
857:.
835:.
818:.
795:.
772:.
591:(
548:(
388:)
384:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
