Hell in Christianity

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angels with Him, " so that "God may be all in all." (I Corinthians 15-28) Those who have God as their "all" within this life will finally have divine fulfillment and life. For those whose "all" is themselves and this world, the "all" of God will be their torture, their punishment and their death. And theirs will be "weeping and gnashing of teeth." (Matthew 8:21, et al.) The Son of Man will send His angels and they will gather out of His kingdom all causes of sin and all evil doers, and throw them into the furnace of fire; there men will weep and gnash their teeth. Then the righteous will shine like the sun in the Kingdom of their Father. (Matthew 13:41-43) According to the saints, the "fire" that will consume sinners at the coming of the Kingdom of God is the same "fire" that will shine with splendor in the saints. It is the "fire" of God's love; the "fire" of God himself who is love. "For our God is a consuming fire" (Hebrews 12:29) who "dwells in unapproachable light." (I Timothy 6:16) For those who love God and who love all creation in him, the "consuming fire" of God will be radiant bliss and unspeakable delight. For those who do not love God, and who do not love at all, this same "consuming fire" will be the cause of their "weeping" and their "gnashing of teeth." Thus it is the Catholic Church's spiritual teaching that God does not punish man by some material fire or physical torment. God simply reveals himself in the risen Lord Jesus in such a glorious way that no man can fail to behold his glory. It is the presence of God's splendid glory and love that is the scourge of those who reject its radiant power and light. ... those who find themselves in hell will be chastised by the scourge of love. How cruel and bitter this torment of love will be! For those who understand that they have sinned against love, undergo no greater suffering than those produced by the most fearful tortures. The sorrow which takes hold of the heart, which has sinned against love, is more piercing than any other pain. It is not right to say that the sinners in hell are deprived of the love of God ... But love acts in two ways, as suffering of the reproved, and as joy in the blessed! (St. Isaac of Syria, Mystic Treatises) The Orthodox Church of America website

648:(Sakharov) spoke of "the hell of separation from God". Paul Evdokimov stated: "Hell is nothing else but separation of man from God, his autonomy excluding him from the place where God is present." According to Theodore Stylianopoulos, "Hell is a spiritual state of separation from God and inability to experience the love of God, while being conscious of the ultimate deprivation of it as punishment." Michel Quenot stated: "Hell is none other than the state of separation from God, a condition into which humanity was plunged for having preferred the creature to the Creator. It is the human creature, therefore, and not God, who engenders hell. Created free for the sake of love, man possesses the incredible power to reject this love, to say 'no' to God. By refusing communion with God, he becomes a predator, condemning himself to a spiritual death (hell) more dreadful than the physical death that derives from it." Another writer declared: "The circumstances that rise before us, the problems we encounter, the relationships we form, the choices we make, all ultimately concern our eternal union with or separation from God." 1630:, the individuals in spirit prison who chose not to accept the gospel and repent will also be resurrected (1 Corinthians 15:20-22) and receive an immortal physical body, which is referred to as the "second resurrection". At these appointed times of resurrection, "death and hell" will deliver up the dead that are in them to be judged according to their works (Revelations 20:13), at which point all but the sons of perdition will receive a degree of glory, which Paul compared to the glory of the sun, moon, and stars (1 Corinthians 15:41). The Church explains biblical descriptions of hell being "eternal" or "endless" punishment as being descriptive of their infliction by God rather than an unending temporal period. Latter-day Saint scripture quotes God as saying "I am endless, and the punishment which is given from my hand is endless punishment, for Endless is my name. Wherefore—Eternal punishment is God's punishment. Endless punishment is God's punishment." Latter-day Saints also believe in a more permanent concept of hell, commonly referred to as 1119: 2809:"In the common sense of the word 'place', if you were to say 'Hell is not a place', you would be denying that Hell exists. Some thought that the Pope, in the statement quoted above, was denying that Hell is a place in this sense. He was, of course, doing nothing of the sort. Thus, to return to the Pope's words again, John Paul II must not be misinterpreted when he said 'Rather than a place, hell indicates state….' He certainly was not denying that it is a place, but instead was shifting our focus to the real essence of hell—what the term 'hell' truly indicates—the self-chosen separation from God. The 'place' or 'location' of hell is secondary, and considerations of where it is should not deflect us from our most important concerns: what it is, and how to avoid it" ( 33: 2295:... those who find themselves in hell will be chastised by the scourge of love. How cruel and bitter this torment of love will be! For those who understand that they have sinned against love, undergo no greater suffering than those produced by the most fearful tortures. The sorrow which takes hold of the heart, which has sinned against love, is more piercing than any other pain. It is not right to say that the sinners in hell are deprived of the love of God ... But love acts in two ways, as suffering of the reproved, and as joy in the blessed! (St. Isaac of Syria, Mystic Treatises) 4276:

ought to stand any longer in our English Bible, for, in our present acceptation of them, they are simply mistranslations." This corroborates the metaphysical interpretation of Scripture, and sustains the truth that Hell is a figure of speech that represents a corrective state of mind. When error has reached its limit, the retroactive law asserts itself, and judgment, being part of that law, brings the penalty upon the transgressor. This penalty is not punishment, but discipline, and if the transgressor is truly repentant and obedient, he is forgiven in Truth. —

875: 3206:"Hell is the natural consequence of a life lived apart from God. The terrible suffering of hell consists in the realization that, over the course of a lifetime, one has come, not to love, but to hate one's true good, and thus to be radically unfit to enjoy that Good. It is this pain of loss that is central to the Catholic understanding of hell. Imagine the predicament of one who both knows that God is the great love of his life, and that he has turned irreversably away from this love. This is what hell is" ( 963:

the furnace of fire", and that he will pronounce the condemnation: "Depart from me, you cursed, into the eternal fire!" The teaching of the Church affirms the existence of hell and its eternity. Immediately after death the souls of those who die in a state of mortal sin descend into hell, where they suffer the punishments of hell, "eternal fire". The chief punishment of hell is eternal separation from God, in whom alone man can possess the life and happiness for which he was created and for which he longs.

745: 602: 1842:, the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible. Like other first-century Jews who were literate in Greek, Christian writers of the New Testament employed this usage. While earlier translations most often translated Hades as "Hell", as does the King James Version, modern translations use the transliteration "Hades", or render the word as allusions "to the grave", "among the dead", "place of the dead" or they contain similar statements. In Latin, Hades were translated as 1647:

he sees it; he has got to deny Jesus Christ when the heavens have been opened unto him, and to deny the plan of salvation with his eyes open to the truth of it; and from that time he begins to be an enemy." In other words, the unpardonable sin is committed by those who "den the Son after the Father has revealed him". However, according to the Latter-day Saint understanding, since most humans lack such an extent of religious enlightenment, they cannot commit the

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theoria, literally meaning vision-in this case vision by means of unceasing and uninterrupted memory of God. Those who remain selfish and self-centered with a hardened heart, closed to God's love, will not see the glory of God in this life. However, they will see God's glory eventually, but as an eternal and consuming fire and outer darkness. From FRANKS, ROMANS, FEUDALISM, AND DOCTRINE/Diagnosis and Therapy Father John S. Romanides Diagnosis and Therapy

698: 652: 4537: 4680: 4485: 3167:"What do we mean by "hell"? Hell is the place and state of eternal punishment for the fallen angels and human beings who die deliberately estranged from the love of God. The existence of hell, as the everlasting abode of the devils and those human beings who have died in the state of mortal sin, is a defined dogma of the Catholic Church" (Baker, "Fundamentals of Catholicism" (1983), volume 3, p. 371). 680: 842:

interpreted these words as a denial that Hell can be considered to be a place, or at least as providing an alternative picture of Hell. Others have explicitly disagreed with the interpretation of what the Pope said as an actual denial that Hell can be considered a place and have said that the Pope was only directing attention away from what is secondary to the real essence of hell.

3145:"The Green Catechism" (1939–62) said: Hell is a place of torments. God made hell to punish the devils or bad angels, and all who die in mortal sin. No one can come out of Hell, for out of Hell there is no redemption" (Crawford & Rossiter, "Reasons for Living: Education and Young People's Search for Meaning" (2006). p. 192). 906:, Joseph Hontheim said that "theologians generally accept the opinion that hell is really within the earth. The Catholic Church has decided nothing on this subject; hence we may say hell is a definite place; but where it is, we do not know." He cited the view of Augustine of Hippo that Hell is under the earth and that of 973:

irreversibility of a mortally sinful life that goes un-absolved before one's death, and the dogma and reality of the place or state of hell). Another interpretation is that the Catechism by no means denies other forms of suffering, but stresses that the pain of loss is central to the Catholic understanding of hell.

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Gen. 37:35, Gen. 42:38, Gen. 44:29, Gen. 44:31, I Sam. 2:6, I Kings 2:6, I Kings 2:9, Job 7:9, Job 14:13, Job 17:13, Job 21:13, Job 24:19, Psalm 6:5, Psalm 30:3, Psalm 31:17, Psalm 49:14, Psalm 49:14, Psalm 49:15, Psalm 88:3, Psalm 89:48, Prov. 1:12, Prov. 30:16, Ecc. 9:10, Song 8:6, Isa. 14:11, Isa.

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Deut. 32:22, Deut. 32:36a & 39, II Sam. 22:6, Job 11:8, Job 26:6, Psalm 9:17, Psalm 16:10, Psalm 18:5, Psalm 55:15, Psalm 86:13, Ps. 116:3, Psalm 139:8, Prov. 5:5, Prov. 7:27, Prov. 9:18, Prov. 15:11, Prov. 15:24, Prov. 23:14, Prov. 27:20, Isa. 5:14, Isa. 14:9, Isa. 14:15, Isa. 28:15, Isa. 28:18,

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Regarding specific conditions of after-life existence and eschatology, Orthodox thinkers are generally reticent; yet two basic shared teachings can be singled out. First, they widely hold that immediately following a human being's physical death, his or her surviving spiritual dimension experiences a

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Proper preparation for vision of God takes place in two stages: purification, and illumination of the noetic faculty. Without this, it is impossible for man's selfish love to be transformed into selfless love. This transformation takes place during the higher level of the stage of illumination called

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God himself is both heaven and hell, reward and punishment. All men have been created to see God unceasingly in his uncreated glory. Whether God will be for each man heaven or hell, reward or punishment, depends on man's response to God's love and on man's transformation from the state of selfish and

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resolves it by positing a doctrine of limited atonement, which claims that God's love is restricted. Only a select number of people are elected to be saved, which includes redemption and purification. This demonstrates a special love, and most people (the 'eternally reprobate' or non-elect) are given

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This is known as the eternal conscious torment (ECT) view. This view is the traditional position of Anabaptist (Mennonite, Hutterite, Bruderhof, Amish, Schwarzenau Brethren, River Brethren and Apostolic Christian churches), Anglican, Baptist, Charismatics, Lutheran, Methodist, Moravian, Pentecostals,

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separation of God: after all, God, being above all a merciful and loving entity, takes no pleasure in the death of the living, and does not will or predestine anyone to go there (the Catholic stance is that God does not will suffering, and that the only entities known to be in hell beyond a doubt are

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They also hold that Hell is not an eternal place and that the descriptions of it as "eternal" or "unquenchable" does not mean that the fire will never go out. They base this idea in other biblical cases such as the "eternal fire" (e.g. Jude 1:7) that was sent as punishment to the people of Sodom and

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or sin "against the Holy Ghost", will be consigned to outer darkness. Near the end of his life, in a discourse called the King Follett Sermon, Joseph Smith taught that, "After a man has sinned against the Holy Ghost, there is no repentance for him. He has got to say that the sun does not shine while

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While the saint goes from the judgment to enjoy eternal bliss, the impenitent sinner is turned away into everlasting condemnation, punishment and misery. As heaven is described in the Bible as a place of everlasting happiness, so hell is described as a place of endless torment, where the worm dieth

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Jesus often speaks of "Gehenna" of "the unquenchable fire" reserved for those who to the end of their lives refuse to believe and be converted, where both soul and body can be lost. Jesus solemnly proclaims that he "will send his angels, and they will gather. . . all evil doers, and throw them into

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stated: "Jesus came to tell us that he wants us all in heaven and that hell, of which so little is said in our time, exists and is eternal for those who close their hearts to his love." Journalist Richard Owen's interpretation of this remark as declaring that hell is an actual place was reported in

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defined Hell by using the word "state" alone: "Hell is a state to which the wicked are condemned, and in which they are deprived of the sight of God for all eternity, and are in dreadful torments." However, suffering is characterized as both mental and physical: "The damned will suffer in both mind

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that for the Eastern Orthodox: "Those theological symbols, heaven and hell, are not crudely understood as spatial destinations but rather refer to the experience of God's presence according to two different modes." Several Eastern Orthodox theologians do describe hell as separation from God, in the

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Depart from me, you who are cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels. For I was hungry and you gave me nothing to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me nothing to drink, I was a stranger and you did not invite me in, I needed clothes and you did not clothe me, I was sick and

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It is unclear whether those in outer darkness will ultimately be redeemed. Of outer darkness and the sons of perdition, Latter-day Saint scripture states that "the end thereof, neither the place thereof, nor their torment, no man knows; Neither was it revealed, neither is, neither will be revealed

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and Hell are relations to or experiences of God's just and loving presence. There is no created place of divine absence, nor is hell an ontological separation from God. One expression of the Eastern teaching is that hell and heaven are dimensions of God's intensifying presence, as this presence is

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said: "There would be the proper teaching about Hell if we calmly and deliberately erased from our English Bibles the three words, 'damnation, ' 'Hell, ' and 'everlasting. ' I say—unhesitatingly I say, claiming the fullest right to speak with the authority of knowledge—that not one of those words

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Man has a malfunctioning or non-functioning noetic faculty in the heart, and it is the task especially of the clergy to apply the cure of unceasing memory of God, otherwise called unceasing prayer or illumination. "Those who have selfless love and are friends of God see God in light—Divine light,

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which is a state of punishment for those who reject Christ and his Atonement. This is understood to be a temporary state in which the spirits of deceased persons will be taught the gospel and have an opportunity to repent and accept ordinances of salvation. Latter-day Saints teach that it was for

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Although the Catechism explicitly speaks of the punishments of hell in the plural, calling them "eternal fire", and speaks of eternal separation from God as the "chief" of those punishments, one commentator claims that it is non-committal on the existence of forms of punishment other than that of

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Traditionally in the past Hell has been spoken of or considered as a place. Some have rejected metaphorical interpretations of the biblical descriptions of hell, and have attributed to Hell a location within the earth, while others who uphold the opinion that hell is a definite place, say instead

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For those who love the Lord, his Presence will be infinite joy, paradise and eternal life. For those who hate the Lord, the same Presence will be infinite torture, hell and eternal death. The reality for both the saved and the damned will be exactly the same when Christ "comes in glory, and all

2335:"Paradise and Hell exist not in the form of a threat and a punishment on the part of God but in the form of an illness and a cure. Those who are cured and those who are purified experience the illuminating energy of divine grace, while the uncured and ill experience the caustic energy of God." 2292:

Thus it is the Church's spiritual teaching that God does not punish man by some material fire or physical torment. God simply reveals Himself in the risen Lord Jesus in such a glorious way that no man can fail to behold His glory. It is the presence of God's splendid glory and love that is the

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The Catholic Church teaches that no one is predestined to Hell, and that the church's teaching on Hell is not meant to frighten but is a call for people to use their freedom wisely. It is first and foremost a call to conversion, and to show that Humanity's true destiny lies with God in heaven.

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stated on 28 July 1999, that, in speaking of Hell as a place, the Bible uses "a symbolic language", which "must be correctly interpreted . Rather than a place, hell indicates the state of those who freely and definitively separate themselves from God, the source of all life and joy." Some have

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Christian Universalism teaches that an eternal Hell does not exist and is a later creation of the church with no biblical support. Reasoning by Christian Universalists includes that an eternal Hell is against the nature, character and attributes of a loving God, human nature, sin's nature of

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and his evil angels, and that the only suffering in hell is not fire or torture, but the freely-chosen, irrevocable and inescapable eternal separation from God and his freely given love, and the righteous, who are in heaven; thus the church and the popes have placed emphasis on the potential

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comes in his glory, he will separate people from one another as a shepherd separates sheep from goats, and will consign to everlasting fire those who failed to aid "the least of his brothers". This separation is stark, with no explicit provision made for fine gradations of merit or guilt:

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they believe the unsaved do not go to any place of punishment as soon as they die, but are reserved in the grave until the day of judgment after the Second coming of Jesus to be judged, either for eternal life or eternal death. This interpretation is called annihilationism.

67:). Its character is inferred from teaching in the biblical texts, some of which, interpreted literally, have given rise to the popular idea of Hell. Theologians today generally see Hell as the logical consequence of rejecting union with God and with God's justice and mercy. 1244:"but the wicked, who know not God, and obey not the gospel of Jesus Christ, shall be cast into eternal torments, and punished with everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord, and from the glory of his power." (Chapter XXXIII, Of the Last Judgment) 2796:"Hell is traditionally considered a literal place of eternal torture, but the Pope has also described hell as the condition of pain that results from alienation from God, a thing of one's own doing, not an actual place.", Burke, Chauvin, & Miranti, 816:

The prisoners of hell are the impenitent, such as Satan; Satan's fall from Heaven is irrevocable because he chooses not to repent. No one is predestined to commit sin or to go to hell. Catholic doctrine holds that after death, repentance is impossible.

1575:. Jehovah's Witnesses believe that others who have died before Armageddon will be resurrected bodily on earth and then judged during the 1,000-year rule of Christ; the judgement will be based on their obedience to God's laws after their resurrection. 983:"Concerning the detailed specific nature of hell ... the Catholic Church has defined nothing. ... It is useless to speculate about its true nature, and more sensible to confess our ignorance in a question that evidently exceeds human understanding." 1543:

is read by certain scholars as implying that hell is similar to heaven, or even preferable to it in terms of being a state in which creative impulses are allowed free rein outside the domination of society, which prefers the limitations of heaven.

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believes that the concept of eternal suffering is incompatible with God's character and that he cannot torture His children. They instead believe that Hell is not a place of eternal suffering, but of eternal death and that death is a state of

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have cast hell in terms of "eternal separation" from God. Certain biblical texts have led some theologians to the conclusion that punishment in hell, though eternal and irrevocable, will be proportional to the deeds of each soul (e.g.,

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said that the suffering of hell is compounded because God continues to love the sinner who is not able to return the love. According to the church, whatever is the nature of the sufferings, "they are not imposed by a vindictive judge"

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is alleged to have on several occasions even been able to name particular individuals who he said were going to end life in hellfire for their sins and accurately predicted the way they would die before the event had even happened.

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To die in mortal sin without repenting and accepting God's merciful love means remaining separated from him for ever by our own free choice. This state of definitive self-exclusion from communion with God and the blessed is called

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defines "hell" as follows: "Mortal belief; error; lust; remorse; hatred; revenge; sin; sickness; death; suffering and self-destruction; self-imposed agony; effects of sin; that which 'worketh abomination or maketh a lie.' "

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foretaste of either heaven or hell. (Those theological symbols, heaven and hell, are not crudely understood as spatial destinations but rather refer to the experience of God's presence according to two different modes.)

1535:, interpreted hell as a metaphor for this flawed, material world in which human souls have become entrapped. Later writers influenced by the gnostic worldview, such as Milton and Blake, interpreted it differently. In 1072:

appeared to a monk on one occasion and told the monk that there had just been (at that point in time) a monk who had fled the monastic life to go back into the world, and the ex-monk then died and he went to hell.

849:(1905–1988) said that "we must see that hell is not an object that is 'full' or 'empty' of human individuals, but a possibility that is not 'created' by God but in any case by the free individuals who choose it". 1618:

clarifies that while there, Christ began the work of salvation for the dead by commissioning spirits of the righteous to teach the gospel to those who didn't have the opportunity to receive it while on earth.

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and by extension hates himself as God's image-bearer, to be encompassed by the divine presence could only result in unspeakable anguish. Aristotle Papanikolaou and Elizabeth H. Prodromou write in their book

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Should we be in need of forgiveness of mortal sin, and cannot for some reason go to confession, a perfect Act of Contrition is needed along with the intention of going to confession as soon as possible.

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which contains a description of the dead being raised from the grave at the second coming. These verses, it is argued, indicate that death is only a period or form of slumber. Based on verses like

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taught, in the 5th canon of its 14th session, that damnation is eternal: "...the loss of eternal blessedness, and the eternal damnation which he has incurred..." This teaching is based on Jesus'

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view is broadly similar to the Jehovah's Witness view, except for the fact that it teaches the belief that the resurrected will be judged for how they lived their lives before the resurrection.

1100:" which claims that God not only chooses who will be saved, but that he also creates some people who will be doomed to damnation. This view is often associated with the Protestant reformer 1563:", to be the common grave for both the good and the bad. They reject the idea of a place of literal eternal pain or torment as being inconsistent with God's love and justice. They define " 730:

ascending a thirty-rung ladder to Heaven represented by Christ, or succumbing to the arrows of demons and falling from the ladder into Hell, sometimes represented by an open-jawed dragon.

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called the book "persuasively argued." An article on the same subject by Sweeney that was published on the Huffington Post's religion page was liked by more than 19,000 people, including

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translates "ᾅδης" seven times as "Hades", and two times as "realm of the dead"; the 1984 NIV translates it four times as "Hades", twice as "depths", twice as "grave", and once as "hell".

3028:, 27 March 2007, reported "Hell is a place where sinners really do burn in an everlasting fire, and not just a religious symbol designed to galvanise the faithful, the Pope has said" ( 3154:"Hell is the place and state of eternal punishment for the fallen angels and human beings who die deliberately estranged from the love of God" (work by Fr. Kenneth Baker published by 3067:, reported: "Pope Benedict XVI has been reminding the faithful of some key beliefs of their faith, including the fact hell is a place where sinners burn in an everlasting fire" ( 1347:

which contains a description of the dead being raised from the grave at the second coming. These verses, Adventists say, indicate that death is only a period or form of slumber.

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As Augustine says (De Civ. Dei xv, 16), "I am of opinion that no one knows in what part of the world hell is situated, unless the Spirit of God has revealed this to some one."

2967:"It is certain from Scripture and tradition that the torments of hell are inflicted in a definite place. But it is uncertain where the place is" Addis & Arnold (eds), 1426:

and admitted to heaven, or ways are found at the time of death of drawing all souls to repentance so that no "hellish" suffering is experienced. This view is often called

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unto man, except to them who are made partakers thereof". The scripture asserts that those who are consigned to this state will be aware of its duration and limitations.

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is not translated with clearness sufficient to represent the various meanings of the word in the original language. There are three words from which "Hell" is derived:

3071: 3683: 3197:"The recent Catechism is ambiguous, neither denying nor confirming the existence of physical torments" – Charles Steven Seymour, "A Theodicy of Hell', p. 82 (2000). 2945:"No cogent reason has been advanced for accepting a metaphorical interpretation in preference to the most natural meaning of the words of Scripture" (Hontheim in 2747: 812:

remits venial sins; it also obtains forgiveness of mortal sins if it includes the firm resolution to have recourse to sacramental confession as soon as possible.

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A Catholic Dictionary Containing Some Account of the Doctrine, Discipline, Rites, Ceremonies, Councils, and Religious Orders of the Catholic Church: Part One

1980: 939:

wrote: "Hell is a place or state of eternal punishment inhabited by those rejected by God because such souls have rejected God's saving grace." Evangelicals

209:), a place of darkness, silence and forgetfulness (cf. Job 10:21). By the third to second century BC, the idea had grown to encompass separate divisions in 2597: 1517:, which allows the choice of accepting or rejecting God's grace. Universalists disagree with the third claim, and argue that all people receive salvation. 943:

and Ralph E. MacKenzie interpret official Roman Catholic teaching as: "Hell is a place or state of eternal punishment inhabited by those rejected by God."

125::43). The word is translated as either "Hell" or "Hell fire" in many English versions. Gehenna was a physical location outside the city walls of Jerusalem. 3296:"Nonfiction Book Review: Inventing Hell: Dante, the Bible, and Eternal Torment by Jon M. Sweeney. Jericho, $ 16 trade paper (208p) ISBN 978-1-4555-8224-2" 2981: 1118: 2372:"Those who have selfless love and are friends of God see God in light—divine light, while the selfish and impure see God the judge as fire—darkness". 791:

defines hell as self-exclusion from Heaven, a freely chosen consequence of final impenitence, i.e., deliberately and willingly refusing to repent of

1634:. It is said that very few people who have lived on the earth will be consigned to this hell, but Latter-day Saint scripture suggests that at least 3029: 2690: 2281:

self-centered love, to Godlike love which does not seek its own ends. "Empirical Theology Versus Speculative Theology" by John S. Romanides part 2

3734: 1606: 3825: 1651:, and the vast majority of residents of outer darkness will be the "devil and his angels...the third part of the hosts of heaven" who in the 1376: 1818: 1012:

A number of Catholic mystics and saints have claimed to have received visions of Hell or other revelations concerning Hell. During various

1478:, illustrates this viewpoint by delineating three propositions which are biblically based, but which he asserts to be mutually exclusive: 146::4), is almost always translated by a phrase such as "thrown down to hell". A few translations render it as "Tartarus"; of this term, the 4334:

Mat. 5:29, Mat. 5:30, Matt. 10:28, Matt. 23:15, Matt. 23:33, Mark 9:43, Mark 9:45, Mark 9:47, Luke 12:5, Matt. 5:22, Matt. 18:9, Jas. 3:6

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Orthodox Christianity also rejects such teachings as the Immaculate Conception, purgatory, and other uniquely Roman Catholic doctrines.

2403: 1452:. Though a theological minority in contemporary Western Christianity, many global Christians held this view throughout history (such as 1266:

Plymouth Brethren, Reformed (Congregationalist, Continental Reformed and Presbyterian churches), and Conservative Quaker denominations.

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not and the fire is not quenched. Matt. 25:41, 46; Mark 9:44-48; Luke 13:3; John 8:21, 23 —Evangelical Methodist Church Discipline (¶25)

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work "The Fundamentals of Catholic Dogma" said: "Hell is a place or state of eternal punishment inhabited by those rejected by God".

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translates "ᾅδης" twice as "Hell", once as "death", twice as "grave", once as "world of the dead", three times as "death's kingdom".

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do not believe in an immortal soul that survives after physical death. They believe the Bible presents "hell", as translated from "

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and never received a mortal body. The residents of outer darkness are the only children of God that will not receive one of three

1344: 3560: 3545: 1610: 1253: 17: 3044: 2554: 4382:, edited by Scott Hahn and Leon Suprenant, copyright 1998 by Emmaus Road Publishing, Inc., chapter by Curtis Martin, pg 294-295 2320: 2301: 503:, and explains that it is impossible to cross over from one to the other. Some scholars believe that this parable reflects the 3182: 2664: 1305:, which teaches that those sent to hell will not experience eternal conscious punishment, but instead will be extinguished or 4489: 3950: 3916: 3801: 3570: 3465: 3237: 3068: 2927: 2894: 2867: 2834: 2624: 1597: 4124: 3279: 3207: 1609:(LDS Church) teaches that the word "hell" is used scripturally in at least two senses. The first is a place commonly called 4202: 4086: 1340: 431: 3691: 3455: 4459: 4189: 4177: 4153: 4098: 3008: 1170: 634:

experienced either as torment or as paradise depending on the spiritual state of a person dwelling with God. For one who

537:

in prison and you did not look after me. ...whatever you did not do for one of the least of these, you did not do for me.

1468:

destruction rather than perpetual misery, the nature of holiness and happiness and the nature and object of punishment.

5047: 4831: 1509:

resolves the contradiction by rejecting divine omnipotence with respect to human will. This is commonly referred to as

1488:

Some (many) persons will experience everlasting, conscious torment in a place of (either literal or metaphorical) fire.

3603:

The Moravian Manual: Containing an Account of the Protestant Church of the Moravian United Brethren, Or Unitas Fratrum

3889: 3865: 3264: 2538: 2500: 2474: 1614:

this purpose that Christ visited the Spirit World after his crucifixion (1 Peter 3:19–20, 1 Peter 4:5–6). Modern-day

1193: 4028: 2594: 2392: 2282: 1720: 1918: 1601: 1279: 1162: 787: 4110: 1984: 102:

do not typically refer to the place of eternal punishment, but to the grave, the temporary abode of the dead, the

4856: 4277: 1536: 694:

pictured Hell as associated with "unquenchable" fire and "various kinds of torments and torrents of punishment".

147: 2824: 70:

Different Hebrew and Greek words are translated as "Hell" in most English-language Bibles. These words include:

5052: 4517: 3588:

The Distinctive Characteristics of the Lutheran Church: With Special Reference to the Luthern Church of America

1814: 1615: 1216:, who believed in conscious existence after death, had a very different concept of hell (Hades and Gehenna) to 863: 1693: 4667: 2100: 2088: 1283: 492: 1967: 1571:", which is reserved for those with no opportunity of a resurrection such as those who will be destroyed at 994:

is critical of the ways that Christians have appropriated Dante's vision and images of hell. In its review,

5042: 2139: 2084: 1680: 1639: 1514: 1403: 1332: 294: 32: 4009: 3385: 2515: 777:: "Depart from me, you accursed, into the eternal fire...And these will go off to eternal punishment,..." 2452: 1036: 718: 279: 198: 4062: 586: 524: 480: 190: 4271:, "Valley of Hinnom." These are used in various relations, nearly all of them allegorical. In a sermon 3742: 3136:

Geisler & MacKenzie, "Roman Catholics and Evangelicals: agreements and differences", p. 143 (1995).

2076: 2982:"25 March 2007: Pastoral visit to the Parish of "Santa Felicita e Figli martiri", Rome – BENEDICT XVI" 2080: 447: 4839: 4688: 2220: 2188: 2184: 2176: 2113: 2060: 2056: 1192:(i.e., the destination of the wicked), are largely a function of the varying Protestant views on the 931:

Other Catholics neither affirm nor deny that Hell is a place, and speak of it as "a place or state".

624: 463: 224:

was viewed as the place of ultimate punishment, exemplified by the rabbinical statement "the best of

206: 186: 91: 3720: 2811:

https://web.archive.org/web/20110928085437/http://www.cuf.org/faithfacts/details_view.asp?ffID=69%29

2180: 459: 451: 194: 4561: 3321: 2126: 1955: 1830: 1475: 1439: 1431: 1201: 1184:

The nuances in the views of "hell" held by different Protestant denominations, both in relation to

1113: 306: 289: 258: 83: 3086:, reported: "Pope Benedict XVI has reinstated hell as a real place where the heat is always on." ( 2064: 4891: 4272: 4231: 3079: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2072: 2068: 1302: 1209: 1205: 774: 476: 94:, translate Sheol as "grave" and simply transliterate "Hades". It is generally agreed that both 4999: 4436: 4149: 3419:

Lucy Margaret Smith. The Early History of the Monastery of Cluny. Oxford University Press, 1920

2958:"Theologians generally accept the opinion that hell is really within the earth" (Hontheim 1910) 2152: 1552: 1435: 1427: 1389: 1350: 1325: 1233: 1051: 846: 645: 299: 274: 3940: 3906: 3254: 3227: 2919: 2884: 2859: 1902: 110: 4422: 3707: 2946: 2614: 2528: 2490: 2464: 2155:

renders "ᾅδης" once as "place of the dead", twice as "the dead" and six times as "the grave".

1689: 1492:

Traditional theology clarifies omnipotence or omni-benevolence to resolve the contradiction.

1482:

God is omnipotent and exercises sovereign control over all aspects of human life and history.

1453: 1290: 1139: 1097: 1025: 630: 4471: 3483:

Peter Martyr Vermigli and Predestination: The Augustinian Inheritance of an Italian Reformer

2373: 2355: 2336: 1464:, etc.) and some Orthodox theologians argue that it was once the theological majority view. 4725: 4294:

Isa. 57:9, Ezek. 31:16, Ezek. 31:17, Ezek. 32:21, Ezk. 32:27, Amos 9:2, Jonah 2:2, Hab. 2:5

3687: 1510: 1127: 1091: 3040:, under the heading: "Pope: Hell Is a Real Place Where Sinners Burn in Everlasting Fire" ( 1697: 1028:

during the course of the visions showed them a view of Hell where sinners were suffering.

8: 4543: 2404:"Fordham online information | Academics | Academic Departments | Theology" 1878: 1741: 1177:, where they will be punished for their sins. People will be consigned to hell after the 831: 753: 739: 233: 64: 1701: 1032: 663:

The Eastern Orthodox Church rejects what is presented as the Roman Catholic doctrine of

4851: 4743: 4662: 4510: 4468: 4165: 3819: 2912: 2425: 1485:

God is omni-benevolent, is ontologically Love, and desires the salvation of all people.

1249: 1135: 1069: 1043: 1021: 1017: 976: 582: 45: 4123:

Smith, Joseph; President, Jr First; Saints, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day.

3087: 4802: 4790: 4733: 4431: 4048: 3946: 3912: 3885: 3861: 3807: 3797: 3566: 3461: 3295: 3260: 3233: 3041: 2923: 2890: 2863: 2852: 2830: 2620: 2562: 2534: 2496: 2470: 2032: 1370: 1123: 1013: 996: 940: 895: 860:

of 2007, also says that "more accurately" heaven and hell are not places but states.

838: 749: 710: 620: 488: 2318: 2299: 1850:) after about 1200 AD, but no modern English translations render Hades as Purgatory. 1626:" and live with Christ on earth after his return. After the 1000 years known as the 5014: 4976: 4947: 4927: 4819: 4772: 4630: 4556: 4396: 4206: 3842: 3665: 3429: 3176: 2748:"Lesson 37: On the Last Judgment and the Resurrection, Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven" 2661: 2099:

The King James Version translates "ᾅδης" 9 times as "Hell" and once as "grave" (in

1757: 1736:

of Charles Fillmore considers the concept of everlasting physical Hell to be false

1660: 1461: 1395: 1354: 914: 883: 874: 766: 706: 610: 576: 504: 500: 435: 155: 60: 37: 4450: 3839: 2679: 1312:

Prominent evangelical theologians who have adopted conditionalist beliefs include

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in the New Testament; both early and modern Bible translations usually translate

1579: 1502: 1449: 1306: 1057: 691: 376: 4472:

PJ Mode Collection of Persuasive Cartography (Browse "Heaven and Hell" Category)

3360: 3342: 2418:"Elizabeth H. Prodromou » International Relations » Boston University" 2087:. Some late Greek manuscripts, which are followed by KJV and NKJV, have ᾅδης in 1795:, meaning "destruction", is sometimes interpreted as being a synonym for "Hell". 1770:

is translated as "Hell" 31 times, and it is translated as "the grave" 31 times.

605:

Hell—detail from a fresco in the medieval church St. Nicolas in Raduil, Bulgaria

4896: 4863: 4708: 4655: 4581: 4416: 3991: 3208:

J. A. DiNoia, Gabriel O'Donnell, Romanus Cessario, Peter J. Cameron (editors),

3155: 1631: 1591: 1501:

and tolerance. This bifurcation of grace intends to retain a doctrine of God's

1471: 1415: 1335:

holds annihilationism. Seventh-day Adventists believe that death is a state of

1096:

The Catholic Church, and the Catechism, repudiates the view commonly known as "

991: 907: 455: 3811: 3005: 2713: 1293:(i.e., those who have never had an opportunity to hear the Christian gospel). 5036: 4901: 4503: 3973: 3617: 3104:, Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. Retrieved 3 September 2010 3099: 3060: 2584: 1761: 1664: 1652: 1627: 1540: 1444: 1321: 1274: 1217: 1178: 936: 723: 616: 590: 263: 249: 214: 87: 3562:

A Consuming Passion: Essays on Hell and Immortality in Honor of Edward Fudge

2639: 4571: 4551: 4435: 2650: 2172: 2168: 2164: 1733: 1623: 1622:

Latter-day Saints also believe that righteous people will rise in a "first

1568: 1498: 1407: 1317: 1166: 1143: 1047: 1039:; that more sinners go to Hell because of sins of impurity than any other. 796: 744: 683:

Icon in Saint Catherine's Monastery, Sinai, showing monks falling from the

564: 558: 443: 79: 1834:

is the Greek word which is traditionally used in place of the Hebrew word

917: 601: 4401: 2449:

Thinking Through Faith: New Perspectives from Orthodox Christian Scholars

1648: 1643: 1506: 1411: 1313: 1270: 1213: 1101: 1065: 641:

Thinking Through Faith: New Perspectives from Orthodox Christian Scholars

154:

is a Greek name for a subterranean place of divine punishment lower than

1821:

are two notable exceptions, both of which simply use the word "Gehenna".

1688:

until the resurrection. They base this belief on biblical texts such as

1339:

until the resurrection. They base this belief on biblical texts such as

4873: 4526: 3210:

The Love That Never Ends: A Key to the Catechism of the Catholic Church

1839: 1685: 1572: 1526: 1399: 1336: 1221: 1153:

traditions, hell is the place created by God for the punishment of the

1150: 932: 866:

theologian Berard A. Marthaler also says that "hell is not 'a place'".

857: 809: 792: 668: 635: 528: 118: 103: 53: 4701: 3932: 3845: 1296: 4586: 4304:

38:10, Isa. 38:18, Ezek. 31:15, Hosea 13:14, Hosea 13:14, Psalm 141:7

3908:

The Alternative Trinity: Gnostic Heresy in Marlowe, Milton, and Blake

3767: 3024: 1859: 1847: 1493: 1237: 1174: 1001: 664: 225: 143: 697: 651: 113:" in the New Testament, where it is described as a place where both 4957: 4906: 4797: 4780: 4603: 3033: 1919:"Bible Gateway passage: Revelation 21:8 - English Standard Version" 1864: 1737: 237: 139: 4536: 2850:

Singer-Towns, Brian; Claussen, Janet; Vanbrandwijk, Clare (2008).

2354:

while the selfish and impure see God the judge as fire—darkness".

1430:—its conservative branch is more specifically called 'Biblical or 4981: 4932: 4911: 4814: 4713: 4640: 4620: 4615: 4598: 4039: 4037: 3042:

Pope: Hell Is a Real Place Where Sinners Burn in Everlasting Fire

1809: 1791: 1656: 1564: 1532: 1419: 1189: 1131: 835:

and body, because both mind and body had a share in their sins."

770: 679: 515:) as containing separate divisions for the wicked and righteous. 426: 420: 341: 220:

By at least the late or saboraic rabbinical period (500–640 AD),

178: 172: 4679: 2849: 1638:

will be present. Other mortals who during their lifetime become

1173:). It is the final destiny of every person who does not receive 52:

is the place or state into which, by God's definitive judgment,

5009: 4937: 4868: 4807: 4755: 4635: 4625: 4608: 4484: 3282:

The Faith of Millions: The Credentials of the Catholic Religion

2691:

Vatican News: Act of Contrition and Sacrament of Reconciliation

1457: 229: 122: 4495: 4034: 3794:

That all shall be saved: heaven, hell, and universal salvation

495:). Jesus here depicts a wicked man suffering fiery torment in 5019: 4969: 4952: 4785: 4748: 4650: 4645: 4593: 4576: 1766: 1560: 1556: 1197: 1185: 1158: 1154: 969: 656: 518: 471: 442:

is most frequently described as a place of punishment (e.g.,

413: 168: 129: 75: 3343:"The Story of Fatima: The Apparitions of Our Lady of Fatima" 1981:"What the Bible says about Death, Afterlife, and the Future" 5004: 4844: 4760: 4738: 4415: 2451:

page 195 By Aristotle Papanikolaou, Elizabeth H. Prodromou

2234:

3rd ed., IVP, Leicester 1996. Article "Hell", pages 463-464

1635: 727: 702: 412:

The most common New Testament term translated as "Hell" is

114: 63:, or, as some Christians believe, immediately after death ( 49: 1804: 1423: 1232:

The historic Protestant view of hell is expressed in the

920:

flags discussion of the location of hell as speculation:

780: 655:"A Monster from Hell". A 19th-century Russian hand-drawn 284: 269: 205:

was thought of as a place situated below the ground (cf.

56: 3410:

Adomnan of Iona, Life of St Columba. Penguin Books, 1995

2293:

scourge of those who reject its radiant power and light.

2129:

translates "ᾅδης" 8 times as "Hades" and once as "Hell".

3939:

Borges, J.L.; Arias, M.; Hadis, M.; Silver, K. (2013).

3457:

Martin Luther's Theology: A Contemporary Interpretation

3390:

Our Lady's Blue Army – World Apostolate of Fatima U.S.A

185:, a place to which all were sent indiscriminately (cf. 4467:

Maps with Christian views on Hell can be found in the

3938: 2268:

Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2013. Web. 4 March 2013.

644:

sense of being out of fellowship or loving communion.

4400: 3684:"The Nature of Hell. Conclusions and Recommendations" 3559:

Date, Christopher; Highfield, Ron (13 October 2015).

3386:"Week 1 – Lent with Jacinta – The "sins of impurity"" 3055:

published Owen's article on its 28 March 2007 issue (

1945:

third edition, IVP 1996. Articles on "Hell", "Sheol".

1301:

A minority of Protestants believe in the doctrine of

252:

words appear in most English translations as "Hell":

3898: 2492:

In the World, of the Church: A Paul Evdokimov Reader

1394:

Some today holding mostly Protestant views (such as

4407:

The four last things: death, judgment, hell, heaven

3838:Guild, E.E. 'Arguments in Favour of Universalism'. 2466:

The Monk of Mount Athos: Staretz Silouan, 1866-1938

1297:

View of conditional immortality and annihilationism

475:, usually to refer to the abode of the dead (e.g., 3030:The Fires of Hell Are Real and Eternal, Pope Warns 2911: 2851: 2495:. St Vladimir's Seminary Press. 2001. p. 32. 1309:after a period of "limited conscious punishment". 1130:depicting the rich man in hell asking for help to 1054:and all those marked with his number were placed. 671:" are purged before gaining admittance to heaven. 4426:. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 3347:World Apostolate of Fatima, official U.S. website 2934:Hell was a place of eternal suffering for sinners 2027: 2025: 2023: 1513:. It posits that human beings have an inviolable 5034: 4122: 3942:Professor Borges: A Course on English Literature 3843:http://godfire.net/eby/saviour_of_the_world.html 3768:"What do Seventh Day Adventists Really Believe?" 3664: 2266:Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition. 1868:as "Hell", though a few render it as "Tartarus". 1165:), and those whose names are not written in the 951:It is agreed that Hell is a place of suffering. 4016:(Salt Lake City, Utah: LDS Church, 2004) p. 81. 3840:http://www.tentmaker.org/books/InFavorCh20.html 3422: 1907:(Oxford University Press. 2005), article "Hell" 1674: 1607:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 1418:) believe that after serving their sentence in 4232:"How long does hell burn for? | Bibleinfo.com" 4226: 4224: 3877: 3620:. Michigan Quakers: Crossroads Friends Meeting 3594: 2020: 910:that hell is either on the earth or under it. 629:Some Eastern Orthodox Christians believe that 142:), which occurs once in the New Testament (in 4511: 3735:"Are you an annihilationist, and if so, why?" 3558: 2533:. St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. p. 85. 2276: 2274: 1905:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 1377:Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures 687:into the mouth of a dragon, representing Hell 3762: 3760: 3221: 3219: 2798:Religious and spiritual issues in counseling 2469:. St Vladimir's Seminary Press. p. 32. 2347: 1803:In the New Testament, both early (i.e., the 1774:is also translated as "the pit" three times. 1269:Some recent writers such as Anglican layman 667:as a place where believers suffer as their " 456:darkness and "weeping and gnashing of teeth" 4221: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3495: 3460:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 209. 2822: 2244: 2242: 2240: 1777:Modern Bible translations typically render 469:The New Testament also uses the Greek word 4518: 4504: 3824:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3600: 3579: 3232:. Twenty-Third Publications. p. 211. 2889:. Twenty-Third Publications. p. 211. 2271: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1807:) and modern translations often translate 1692:which states "the dead know nothing", and 1357:also teach the annihilationist viewpoint. 1343:which states "the dead know nothing", and 519:Parables of Jesus concerning the hereafter 4052:(Salt Lake City, Utah: LDS Church, 2011). 4024: 4022: 3757: 3590:. Concordia Publishing House. p. 39. 3565:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 84. 3430:"Catechism of the Catholic Church – Hell" 3225: 3216: 3127:Fox, "The Catholic Faith", p. 262 (1983). 3069:Hell 'exists and is eternal, ' Pope warns 2882: 2829:. Indiana University Press. p. 145. 2005:3rd edition, IVP Leicester 1996. "Sheol". 1903:Cross, F. L., Livingstone, E. (editors), 1383: 1076: 596: 4413: 3850: 3529: 2462: 2237: 2017:3rd edition, IVP Leicester 1996, "Hell". 1117: 873: 820: 743: 696: 678: 650: 600: 567:in which unrighteous people are thrown. 434:, this term is found exclusively in the 31: 4442:Sermons for all the Sundays in the year 4430: 3904: 3884:. Parkland, Fla: Universal Publishers. 3605:. Lindsay & Blakiston. p. 118. 3546:Evangelical Methodist Church Conference 3542:Evangelical Methodist Church Discipline 3036:reproduced the article as published on 2612: 1991: 1884: 1747: 1505:and a doctrine of hell. In comparison, 1254:Evangelical Methodist Church Conference 1227: 424:), a direct loan of Hebrew גהנום/גהנם ( 14: 5035: 4451:"Heaven and Hell in Christian Thought" 4437:"Sermon X. On the pains of hell" 4395: 4343:Acts 2:27, New American Standard Bible 4019: 3670:Introducing Christian Doctrine, 2nd ed 3585: 2826:Kierkegaard and the Catholic Tradition 2662:Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1033 2655: 2526: 2297:The Orthodox Church of America website 2008: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1781:as "the grave", "the pit", or "death". 1740:and contradictory to that reported by 1547: 946: 913:The posthumous supplement to Aquinas' 781:As self-exclusion or final impenitence 585:, the abyss is the place in which the 487:as a place of torment, the parable of 213:for the righteous and wicked (cf. the 4499: 4168:: The Miracle of Forgiveness, p. 123. 4014:True to the Faith: A Gospel Reference 3609: 3485:. Oxford: Clarendon. pp. 30, 69. 3480: 3453: 3252: 2909: 2680:Catechism of the Catholic Church 1452 2640:Council of Trent, Session 14, Canon 5 1978: 1598:Plan of salvation (Latter Day Saints) 1531:Many gnostic Christians, such as the 4352:Acts 2:27, New International Version 3791: 3361:"A Summary of the Message of Fatima" 3082:of 3 April 2007, again referring to 2619:. British Museum Press. p. 20. 1585: 1365: 894:In a homily given on 25 March 2007, 878:Hell (on the right) is portrayed in 760: 733: 162: 90:. Many modern versions, such as the 4460:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 4448: 3846:http://www.godfire.net/Hellidx.html 2595:Epistle I to Theodore of Mopsuestia 2249:New Dictionary of Biblical Theology 1891: 1712: 1709:Gomorrah, that later extinguished. 1024:, the visionaries claimed that the 547: 523:In the eschatological discourse of 181:belief, the dead were consigned to 40:'s depiction of Hell (16th century) 24: 4389: 4370:Luke 16:23, New Living Translation 4205:. 11 November 2016. Archived from 4029:Doctrine and Covenants section 138 3618:"What Do Conservative Friends Bel" 3116:The Fundamentals of Catholic Dogma 1434:'— related to, but different from 1188:(i.e., the abode of the dead) and 563:The Book of Revelation mentions a 25: 5064: 4477: 4361:Acts 2:27, New Living Translation 4313:Num. 16:30, Num. 16:33, Job 17:16 3741:. 19 January 2008. Archived from 3615: 2854:Catholic Faith Handbook for Youth 1567:" as eternal destruction or the " 1092:Predestination § Catholicism 1085: 854:Catholic Faith Handbook for Youth 4678: 4535: 4483: 4420:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 4373: 4364: 4355: 4346: 4337: 4328: 4316: 4307: 4297: 4287: 4249: 4195: 4183: 4171: 4159: 4142: 4116: 4104: 4092: 4087:Doctrine and Covenants 88:100–01 4080: 4055: 4002: 3984: 3966: 3911:. Clarendon Press. p. 260. 3871: 3832: 3178:Catechism of the Catholic Church 2463:Sophrony, Archimandrite (2001). 1602:Spirit world (Latter Day Saints) 1107: 1068:in the Middle Ages claimed that 990:, Catholic writer and historian 956:Catechism of the Catholic Church 788:Catechism of the Catholic Church 243: 4525: 4190:Doctrine and Covenants 76:45–46 4178:Doctrine and Covenants 29:36–39 4154:Doctrine and Covenants 76:43–46 4099:Doctrine and Covenants 19:10–12 4044:"Chapter 46: The Last Judgment" 3945:. New Directions. p. 145. 3785: 3727: 3676: 3658: 3645: 3632: 3552: 3516: 3504: 3489: 3474: 3447: 3413: 3404: 3378: 3353: 3335: 3314: 3288: 3273: 3246: 3200: 3191: 3170: 3161: 3148: 3139: 3130: 3121: 3108: 3093: 3017: 2999: 2974: 2961: 2952: 2939: 2903: 2876: 2843: 2816: 2803: 2790: 2765: 2740: 2729: 2718: 2707: 2696: 2684: 2673: 2644: 2633: 2606: 2588: 2577: 2547: 2520: 2509: 2483: 2456: 2440: 2410: 2396: 2384: 2366: 2329: 2310: 2286: 2254: 2225: 2214: 2158: 2145: 2132: 2119: 2106: 2093: 2050: 1727: 1537:The Marriage of Heaven and Hell 1360: 552: 499:, which is contrasted with the 228:are destined to Gehinnom." (M. 148:Holman Christian Standard Bible 3601:Schweinitz, Edmund De (1859). 3057:Hell is real and eternal: Pope 2858:. Saint Mary's Press. p. 2516:Father Theodore Stylianopoulos 1972: 1961: 1948: 1936: 1911: 1422:, all souls are reconciled to 1289:Another area of debate is the 1035:, it is claimed that she told 891:that its location is unknown. 748:Medieval image of hell in the 483:). Only one passage describes 13: 1: 4150:Guide to the Scriptures: Hell 3524:Exposition of Salomon's Booke 3226:Marthaler, Berard L. (2007). 2883:Marthaler, Berard A. (2007). 2773:"28 July 1999 – John Paul II" 2651:USCCB Bible, Matthew 25:41,46 2530:The Resurrection and the Icon 1520: 1204:; and different views on the 886:(or Bosch workshop) painting. 121::28) in "unquenchable fire" ( 117:and body could be destroyed ( 3792:Hart, David Bentley (2019). 3481:James, Frank A. III (1998). 2555:"The Spirit of Thankfulness" 2251:; IVP Leicester 2000, "Hell" 2140:Contemporary English Version 1681:Seventh-day Adventist Church 1675:Seventh-day Adventist Church 1333:Seventh-day Adventist Church 527:, Jesus says that, when the 7: 3881:The Inescapable Love of God 3858:The Inescapable Love of God 3548:. 15 July 2017. p. 17. 3100:Joseph Hontheim, "Hell" in 2914:Religion in the Renaissance 1958:mg. "Gehenna": in Mk. 9:47) 1872: 1815:Young's Literal Translation 719:The Ladder of Divine Ascent 10: 5069: 4284:, Lesson 11, item eleven." 4267:, "the unseen world"; and 3259:. Zondervan. p. 176. 3253:Hayes, Zachary J. (1996). 3063:of 28 March 2007, quoting 1595: 1589: 1524: 1387: 1111: 1089: 1007: 737: 614: 608: 574: 565:lake of fire and brimstone 556: 454:); other passages mention 414: 166: 130: 5048:Afterlife in Christianity 4992: 4884: 4830: 4771: 4724: 4687: 4676: 4542: 4533: 4414:Hontheim, Joseph (1910). 4125:"The King Follett Sermon" 3102:The Catholic Encyclopedia 2714:NewAdvent: Predestination 2114:New International Version 1291:fate of the unevangelized 674: 625:Eastern Orthodox theology 430:). Apart from one use in 232:4:14); also described in 92:New International Version 3074:11 November 2010 at the 2600:30 December 2010 at the 2378:27 December 2011 at the 2360:27 December 2011 at the 2341:27 December 2011 at the 2127:English Standard Version 1476:Trinitarian Universalist 1440:universal reconciliation 1432:Trinitarian universalism 1220:who held that death was 1208:or the alternative, the 1114:Christian views on Hades 869: 825: 701:Depiction of Hell on an 570: 4129:churchofjesuschrist.org 4067:churchofjesuschrist.org 3992:"What Is Judgment Day?" 3878:Thomas Talbott (1999). 3586:Luecke, George (1920). 3080:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 3006:CiNews of 28 March 2007 2613:Cormack, Robin (2007). 2527:Quenot, Michel (1997). 2262:Encyclopædia Britannica 1979:Tabor, James D (n.d.). 1721:Swedenborgianism § Hell 1642:, those who commit the 1303:conditional immortality 1210:conditional immortality 1206:immortality of the soul 926: 775:the sheep and the goats 27:Christian views on Hell 18:Christian views on Hell 4263:, "the unseen state"; 3998:: 10–11. January 2010. 3974:"What Really Is Hell?" 3905:Nuttall, A.D. (1998). 3715:Cite journal requires 3690:. 2000. Archived from 3498:Know the Truth, 2nd ed 3454:Bayer, Oswald (2008). 3280:John Anthony O'Brien, 2910:Flatt, Lizann (2009). 2221:2 Peter 2:4 2153:New Living Translation 2101:1 Cor. 15:55 2089:1 Cor. 15:55 1968:2 Peter 2:4 1436:Unitarian Universalism 1428:Christian universalism 1390:Christian Universalism 1384:Christian Universalism 1263: 1234:Westminster Confession 1146: 1077:Call to responsibility 965: 887: 847:Hans Urs von Balthasar 757: 713: 688: 660: 646:Archimandrite Sophrony 606: 597:Eastern Orthodox views 545: 542:Matthew 25:41–43 (NIV) 333:death's kingdom (3/9) 41: 5053:Christian terminology 4423:Catholic Encyclopedia 4380:Catholic for a Reason 3365:salvemariaregina.info 3331:– via Facebook. 2947:Catholic Encyclopedia 1838:in works such as the 1819:New World Translation 1596:Further information: 1454:Clement of Alexandria 1258: 1240:confession of faith: 1121: 1098:double predestination 1090:Further information: 960: 904:Catholic Encyclopedia 877: 821:As a place or a state 747: 700: 682: 654: 604: 589:is imprisoned during 575:Further information: 557:Further information: 534: 35: 4492:at Wikimedia Commons 4490:Hell in Christianity 4409:. Benziger Brothers. 4209:on 22 September 2023 3980:: 5–7. 15 July 2002. 3688:Evangelical Alliance 3496:Bruce Milne (1998). 3300:PublishersWeekly.com 3047:2 March 2012 at the 3011:20 July 2011 at the 2918:. Crabtree. p. 2823:Jack Mulder (2010). 2752:Catholic News Agency 2232:New Bible Dictionary 2015:New Bible Dictionary 2003:New Bible Dictionary 1943:New Bible Dictionary 1885:Notes and references 1748:Biblical terminology 1694:1 Thessalonians 4:13 1345:1 Thessalonians 4:13 1228:Eternal torment view 1128:Rich man and Lazarus 1064:A story recorded by 902:Writing in the 1910 845:Catholic theologian 795:at death and accept 5043:Hell (Christianity) 5000:Davy Jones's locker 3694:on 22 February 2012 3500:. IVP. p. 335. 3185:9 June 2012 at the 2667:9 June 2012 at the 2323:4 July 2007 at the 2304:4 July 2007 at the 2033:"Genesis 1:1 (KJV)" 1879:Hell in Catholicism 1742:John the Evangelist 1653:premortal existence 1553:Jehovah's Witnesses 1548:Jehovah's Witnesses 1351:Jehovah's Witnesses 1256:similarly teaches: 1016:, such as those at 947:Nature of suffering 832:Baltimore Catechism 754:Herrad of Landsberg 740:Hell in Catholicism 587:Seven-Headed Dragon 327:Hades (7/9 or 4/9) 234:Assumption of Moses 65:particular judgment 4744:Gate of the Ghosts 4469:Cornell University 4203:"Forever and Ever" 4166:Spencer W. Kimball 3653:The Case for Faith 3256:Four Views on Hell 2428:on 2 February 2011 1250:Book of Discipline 1194:intermediate state 1147: 1070:Benedict of Nursia 1044:Book of Revelation 1033:Fátima in Portugal 1014:Marian apparitions 977:Augustine of Hippo 915:Summa theologiciae 888: 758: 714: 689: 661: 607: 583:Book of Revelation 46:Christian theology 42: 5030: 5029: 4668:World of Darkness 4488:Media related to 4449:Talbott, Thomas. 4432:Liguori, Alphonus 4397:Cochem, Martin of 4325:, VI. V.2, "Hell" 4323:Roget's Thesaurus 4282:Christian Healing 4273:Archdeacon Farrar 4049:Gospel Principles 3952:978-0-8112-1875-7 3918:978-0-19-818462-1 3856:Talbott, Thomas. 3803:978-0-300-24622-3 3672:. Baker Academic. 3640:The Great Divorce 3572:978-1-4982-2306-5 3467:978-0-8028-2799-9 3239:978-0-89622-537-4 3088:Playing with fire 2929:978-0-7787-4597-6 2896:978-0-89622-537-4 2869:978-0-88489-987-7 2836:978-0-253-22236-7 2626:978-0-674-02619-3 2037:Blue Letter Bible 1686:unconscious sleep 1661:kingdoms of glory 1640:sons of perdition 1586:Latter Day Saints 1371:Christian Science 1366:Christian Science 1337:unconscious sleep 997:Publishers Weekly 941:Norman L. Geisler 908:Gregory the Great 896:Pope Benedict XVI 882:, a 16th-century 880:Paradise and Hell 839:Pope John Paul II 761:As eternal flames 750:Hortus deliciarum 734:Roman Catholicism 621:Aerial toll house 581:According to the 489:Lazarus and Dives 410: 409: 199:Ecclesiastes 9:10 163:Jewish background 38:Hieronymous Bosch 16:(Redirected from 5060: 4928:Asphodel Meadows 4682: 4631:Bosom of Abraham 4539: 4520: 4513: 4506: 4497: 4496: 4487: 4464: 4455:Zalta, Edward N. 4445: 4439: 4427: 4419: 4410: 4404: 4383: 4377: 4371: 4368: 4362: 4359: 4353: 4350: 4344: 4341: 4335: 4332: 4326: 4320: 4314: 4311: 4305: 4301: 4295: 4291: 4285: 4278:Charles Fillmore 4253: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4228: 4219: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4199: 4193: 4187: 4181: 4175: 4169: 4163: 4157: 4146: 4140: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4120: 4114: 4108: 4102: 4096: 4090: 4084: 4078: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4059: 4053: 4041: 4032: 4026: 4017: 4006: 4000: 3999: 3988: 3982: 3981: 3970: 3964: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3936: 3930: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3902: 3896: 3895: 3875: 3869: 3854: 3848: 3836: 3830: 3829: 3823: 3815: 3789: 3783: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3764: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3731: 3725: 3724: 3718: 3713: 3711: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3680: 3674: 3673: 3666:Millard Erickson 3662: 3656: 3649: 3643: 3636: 3630: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3613: 3607: 3606: 3598: 3592: 3591: 3583: 3577: 3576: 3556: 3550: 3549: 3538: 3527: 3520: 3514: 3508: 3502: 3501: 3493: 3487: 3486: 3478: 3472: 3471: 3451: 3445: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3426: 3420: 3417: 3411: 3408: 3402: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3382: 3376: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3357: 3351: 3350: 3339: 3333: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3318: 3312: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3292: 3286: 3277: 3271: 3270: 3250: 3244: 3243: 3223: 3214: 3204: 3198: 3195: 3189: 3174: 3168: 3165: 3159: 3152: 3146: 3143: 3137: 3134: 3128: 3125: 3119: 3118:, p. 479 (1955). 3112: 3106: 3097: 3091: 3059:). The Canadian 3021: 3015: 3003: 2997: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2978: 2972: 2971:, p. 404 (1903). 2965: 2959: 2956: 2950: 2943: 2937: 2936: 2917: 2907: 2901: 2900: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2857: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2820: 2814: 2807: 2801: 2800:, p. 236 (2003). 2794: 2788: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2769: 2763: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2744: 2738: 2733: 2727: 2722: 2716: 2711: 2705: 2700: 2694: 2688: 2682: 2677: 2671: 2659: 2653: 2648: 2642: 2637: 2631: 2630: 2610: 2604: 2592: 2586: 2581: 2575: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2561:. Archived from 2551: 2545: 2544: 2524: 2518: 2513: 2507: 2506: 2487: 2481: 2480: 2460: 2454: 2444: 2438: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2424:. Archived from 2414: 2408: 2407: 2400: 2394: 2388: 2382: 2370: 2364: 2351: 2345: 2333: 2327: 2314: 2308: 2290: 2284: 2278: 2269: 2258: 2252: 2246: 2235: 2229: 2223: 2218: 2212: 2162: 2156: 2149: 2143: 2136: 2130: 2123: 2117: 2110: 2104: 2097: 2091: 2054: 2048: 2047: 2045: 2043: 2029: 2018: 2012: 2006: 2000: 1989: 1988: 1983:. Archived from 1976: 1970: 1965: 1959: 1952: 1946: 1940: 1934: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1915: 1909: 1900: 1860:2 Peter 2:4 1858:Only appears in 1789:The Hebrew word 1758:King James Bible 1713:Swedenborgianism 1690:Ecclesiastes 9:5 1644:unpardonable sin 1462:Gregory of Nyssa 1396:George MacDonald 1355:Christadelphians 1341:Ecclesiastes 9:5 1171:Revelation 20:15 884:Hieronymus Bosch 767:Council of Trent 707:Gelati Monastery 685:Ladder to Heaven 611:Bosom of Abraham 577:Abyss (religion) 548:Related concepts 543: 525:Matthew 25:31–46 505:intertestamental 501:bosom of Abraham 481:Revelation 20:13 436:synoptic gospels 417: 416: 255: 254: 248:Three different 191:Numbers 16:30–33 133: 132: 61:general judgment 21: 5068: 5067: 5063: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5058: 5057: 5033: 5032: 5031: 5026: 4988: 4943:Fortunate Isles 4880: 4826: 4767: 4720: 4683: 4674: 4540: 4529: 4524: 4480: 4402:"On Hell" 4392: 4390:Further reading 4387: 4386: 4378: 4374: 4369: 4365: 4360: 4356: 4351: 4347: 4342: 4338: 4333: 4329: 4321: 4317: 4312: 4308: 4302: 4298: 4292: 4288: 4254: 4250: 4240: 4238: 4230: 4229: 4222: 4212: 4210: 4201: 4200: 4196: 4188: 4184: 4176: 4172: 4164: 4160: 4147: 4143: 4133: 4131: 4121: 4117: 4109: 4105: 4097: 4093: 4085: 4081: 4071: 4069: 4061: 4060: 4056: 4042: 4035: 4027: 4020: 4007: 4003: 3990: 3989: 3985: 3972: 3971: 3967: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3937: 3933: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3903: 3899: 3892: 3876: 3872: 3855: 3851: 3837: 3833: 3817: 3816: 3804: 3790: 3786: 3776: 3774: 3766: 3765: 3758: 3748: 3746: 3733: 3732: 3728: 3716: 3714: 3705: 3704: 3697: 3695: 3682: 3681: 3677: 3663: 3659: 3650: 3646: 3637: 3633: 3623: 3621: 3614: 3610: 3599: 3595: 3584: 3580: 3573: 3557: 3553: 3540: 3539: 3530: 3521: 3517: 3512:Psychopannychia 3509: 3505: 3494: 3490: 3479: 3475: 3468: 3452: 3448: 3438: 3436: 3428: 3427: 3423: 3418: 3414: 3409: 3405: 3395: 3393: 3384: 3383: 3379: 3369: 3367: 3359: 3358: 3354: 3341: 3340: 3336: 3326: 3324: 3320: 3319: 3315: 3305: 3303: 3294: 3293: 3289: 3278: 3274: 3267: 3251: 3247: 3240: 3224: 3217: 3205: 3201: 3196: 3192: 3187:Wayback Machine 3175: 3171: 3166: 3162: 3153: 3149: 3144: 3140: 3135: 3131: 3126: 3122: 3113: 3109: 3098: 3094: 3076:Wayback Machine 3049:Wayback Machine 3022: 3018: 3013:Wayback Machine 3004: 3000: 2990: 2988: 2980: 2979: 2975: 2966: 2962: 2957: 2953: 2944: 2940: 2930: 2908: 2904: 2897: 2881: 2877: 2870: 2848: 2844: 2837: 2821: 2817: 2808: 2804: 2795: 2791: 2781: 2779: 2771: 2770: 2766: 2756: 2754: 2746: 2745: 2741: 2734: 2730: 2723: 2719: 2712: 2708: 2701: 2697: 2689: 2685: 2678: 2674: 2669:Wayback Machine 2660: 2656: 2649: 2645: 2638: 2634: 2627: 2611: 2607: 2602:Wayback Machine 2593: 2589: 2582: 2578: 2568: 2566: 2565:on 3 March 2016 2553: 2552: 2548: 2541: 2525: 2521: 2514: 2510: 2503: 2489: 2488: 2484: 2477: 2461: 2457: 2445: 2441: 2431: 2429: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2402: 2401: 2397: 2389: 2385: 2380:Wayback Machine 2371: 2367: 2362:Wayback Machine 2352: 2348: 2343:Wayback Machine 2334: 2330: 2325:Wayback Machine 2315: 2311: 2306:Wayback Machine 2294: 2291: 2287: 2279: 2272: 2259: 2255: 2247: 2238: 2230: 2226: 2219: 2215: 2163: 2159: 2150: 2146: 2137: 2133: 2124: 2120: 2111: 2107: 2098: 2094: 2055: 2051: 2041: 2039: 2031: 2030: 2021: 2013: 2009: 2001: 1992: 1977: 1973: 1966: 1962: 1953: 1949: 1941: 1937: 1927: 1925: 1917: 1916: 1912: 1901: 1892: 1887: 1875: 1750: 1730: 1715: 1677: 1604: 1594: 1588: 1580:Christadelphian 1550: 1529: 1523: 1503:omnibenevolence 1450:Problem of Hell 1404:William Barclay 1392: 1386: 1368: 1363: 1299: 1230: 1212:. For example, 1116: 1110: 1094: 1088: 1079: 1058:Columba of Iona 1010: 949: 929: 872: 828: 823: 783: 763: 742: 736: 716:Icons based on 692:John Chrysostom 677: 627: 613: 599: 579: 573: 561: 555: 550: 544: 541: 521: 507:Jewish view of 246: 175: 167:Main articles: 165: 138:, derived from 128:The Greek verb 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5066: 5056: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5028: 5027: 5025: 5024: 5023: 5022: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4996: 4994: 4990: 4989: 4987: 4986: 4985: 4984: 4974: 4973: 4972: 4962: 4961: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4916: 4915: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4888: 4886: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4878: 4877: 4876: 4871: 4864:Zoroastrianism 4861: 4860: 4859: 4849: 4848: 4847: 4836: 4834: 4828: 4827: 4825: 4824: 4823: 4822: 4812: 4811: 4810: 4805: 4795: 4794: 4793: 4788: 4777: 4775: 4769: 4768: 4766: 4765: 4764: 4763: 4753: 4752: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4730: 4728: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4718: 4717: 4716: 4706: 4705: 4704: 4693: 4691: 4685: 4684: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4672: 4671: 4670: 4660: 4659: 4658: 4656:Tzoah Rotachat 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4613: 4612: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4591: 4590: 4589: 4584: 4582:Outer darkness 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4548: 4546: 4541: 4534: 4531: 4530: 4523: 4522: 4515: 4508: 4500: 4494: 4493: 4479: 4478:External links 4476: 4475: 4474: 4465: 4446: 4428: 4411: 4391: 4388: 4385: 4384: 4372: 4363: 4354: 4345: 4336: 4327: 4315: 4306: 4296: 4286: 4248: 4220: 4194: 4182: 4170: 4158: 4141: 4115: 4103: 4091: 4079: 4054: 4033: 4018: 4001: 3983: 3978:The Watchtower 3965: 3951: 3931: 3917: 3897: 3890: 3870: 3849: 3831: 3802: 3796:. New Haven . 3784: 3756: 3745:on 17 May 2020 3726: 3717:|journal= 3675: 3657: 3644: 3631: 3608: 3593: 3578: 3571: 3551: 3528: 3515: 3503: 3488: 3473: 3466: 3446: 3421: 3412: 3403: 3392:. 7 March 2019 3377: 3352: 3334: 3313: 3302:. 17 June 2014 3287: 3272: 3265: 3245: 3238: 3215: 3199: 3190: 3169: 3160: 3156:Ignatius Press 3147: 3138: 3129: 3120: 3107: 3092: 3053:The Australian 3016: 2998: 2973: 2960: 2951: 2938: 2928: 2902: 2895: 2875: 2868: 2842: 2835: 2815: 2802: 2789: 2764: 2739: 2728: 2717: 2706: 2695: 2683: 2672: 2654: 2643: 2632: 2625: 2605: 2587: 2576: 2546: 2539: 2519: 2508: 2501: 2482: 2475: 2455: 2439: 2409: 2395: 2383: 2365: 2346: 2328: 2309: 2285: 2270: 2253: 2236: 2224: 2213: 2157: 2144: 2131: 2118: 2105: 2092: 2049: 2019: 2007: 1990: 1987:on 6 May 2013. 1971: 1960: 1947: 1935: 1910: 1889: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1881: 1874: 1871: 1870: 1869: 1856: 1852: 1851: 1827: 1823: 1822: 1801: 1797: 1796: 1787: 1783: 1782: 1775: 1754: 1749: 1746: 1729: 1726: 1725: 1724: 1714: 1711: 1676: 1673: 1632:outer darkness 1592:Outer darkness 1590:Main article: 1587: 1584: 1549: 1546: 1525:Main article: 1522: 1519: 1490: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1474:, a prominent 1472:Thomas Talbott 1416:Thomas Talbott 1388:Main article: 1385: 1382: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1298: 1295: 1246: 1245: 1229: 1226: 1112:Main article: 1109: 1106: 1087: 1086:Predestination 1084: 1078: 1075: 1009: 1006: 992:Jon M. Sweeney 988:Inventing Hell 948: 945: 928: 925: 871: 868: 827: 824: 822: 819: 814: 813: 806: 805: 782: 779: 762: 759: 738:Main article: 735: 732: 676: 673: 598: 595: 591:the Millennium 572: 569: 554: 551: 549: 546: 539: 520: 517: 448:Matthew 18:8–9 408: 407: 404: 401: 398: 395: 392: 389: 386: 383: 373: 372: 369: 366: 363: 360: 357: 354: 351: 348: 338: 337: 334: 331: 328: 325: 322: 321:Hades (10/10) 319: 316: 313: 303: 302: 297: 292: 287: 282: 277: 272: 267: 261: 245: 242: 164: 161: 160: 159: 126: 107: 36:A detail from 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5065: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5040: 5038: 5021: 5018: 5017: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4991: 4983: 4980: 4979: 4978: 4975: 4971: 4968: 4967: 4966: 4963: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4925: 4924: 4920: 4917: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4894: 4893: 4890: 4889: 4887: 4883: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4866: 4865: 4862: 4858: 4855: 4854: 4853: 4850: 4846: 4843: 4842: 4841: 4838: 4837: 4835: 4833: 4829: 4821: 4818: 4817: 4816: 4813: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4800: 4799: 4796: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4783: 4782: 4779: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4770: 4762: 4759: 4758: 4757: 4754: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4736: 4735: 4732: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4723: 4715: 4712: 4711: 4710: 4707: 4703: 4700: 4699: 4698: 4695: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4686: 4681: 4669: 4666: 4665: 4664: 4661: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4618: 4617: 4614: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4596: 4595: 4592: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4554: 4553: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4538: 4532: 4528: 4521: 4516: 4514: 4509: 4507: 4502: 4501: 4498: 4491: 4486: 4482: 4481: 4473: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4461: 4456: 4452: 4447: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4424: 4418: 4412: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4394: 4393: 4381: 4376: 4367: 4358: 4349: 4340: 4331: 4324: 4319: 4310: 4300: 4290: 4283: 4279: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4252: 4237: 4236:bibleinfo.com 4233: 4227: 4225: 4208: 4204: 4198: 4191: 4186: 4179: 4174: 4167: 4162: 4155: 4151: 4145: 4130: 4126: 4119: 4112: 4111:Moses 5:22–26 4107: 4100: 4095: 4088: 4083: 4068: 4064: 4058: 4051: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4038: 4030: 4025: 4023: 4015: 4011: 4005: 3997: 3993: 3987: 3979: 3975: 3969: 3954: 3948: 3944: 3943: 3935: 3920: 3914: 3910: 3909: 3901: 3893: 3891:1-58112-831-2 3887: 3883: 3882: 3874: 3867: 3866:1-58112-831-2 3863: 3859: 3853: 3847: 3844: 3841: 3835: 3827: 3821: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3799: 3795: 3788: 3773: 3772:Adventist.org 3769: 3763: 3761: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3730: 3722: 3709: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3679: 3671: 3667: 3661: 3654: 3651:Lee Strobel, 3648: 3641: 3638:C. 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Moreland 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1243: 1242: 1241: 1239: 1235: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1218:Martin Luther 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1182: 1180: 1179:last judgment 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1163:Matthew 25:41 1160: 1156: 1152: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1108:Protestantism 1105: 1103: 1099: 1093: 1083: 1074: 1071: 1067: 1066:Cluniac monks 1062: 1059: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1042:The biblical 1040: 1038: 1037:Jacinta Marto 1034: 1029: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1005: 1003: 999: 998: 993: 989: 986:In his book, 984: 981: 978: 974: 971: 964: 959: 957: 952: 944: 942: 938: 937:Robert J. Fox 934: 924: 923: 919: 918:suppl. 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