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585:. At this session, Governor Randolph and de facto President Rutledge both surrendered their offices. Gadsden was elected as the governor but felt he had to decline. His health was still impaired from his imprisonment, and an active governor was needed since the British had not yet given up Charleston. So in 1782,
548:
offered the freedom of the town if they would give their parole. Most accepted, but
Gadsden refused claiming that the British had already violated one parole, and he could not give his word to a false system. As a result, he spent the next 42 weeks in solitary confinement in a prison room at the
380:
Gadsden began his rise to prominence as a merchant and patriot in
Charleston. He prospered as a merchant and built the wharf that bears his name. Between its completion in 1767 until 1787 and 1803 to 1808, it is estimated that 40% of all African slaves (about 100,000 enslaved people) were brought to
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in 1757 and began a long friction with autocratic royal governors. His re-election to the
Commons in 1762 was beset with minor voting irregularities, which resulted in Governor Boone refusing to administer the oath of office for Gadsden and dissolving the entire Commons. This perceived excess of
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who was away at the
Continental Congress. He served in that office until 1780. For the first year and a half, his office was called "Vice President of South Carolina," but when the new constitution was adopted, the title was changed to the modern usage.
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334:. He entered into mercantile ventures and by 1747 had earned enough to return to South Carolina and buy back the land his father had sold because he needed the money to pay off debts. He built
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writes that "by 1774, Christopher
Gadsden owned four stores, several merchant vessels, two rice plantations, a residential district in Charleston called Gadsdenboro, and a large wharf on the
362:, Kelcey Eldridge states that, "at the time of his death, he owned enough slaves to 'divide my Estate real and personal as well as my negroes as otherwise into nineteen equal parts or shares
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in
Charleston. Gadsden himself held slaves, as did many rice plantation owners in South Carolina who used the labor of enslaved Africans to grow and sell agricultural products. In
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in 1780, John
Rutledge, as president of the council, fled to North Carolina to ensure a "government in exile" should the city fall. Gadsden remained, along with Governor
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In 1778, Gadsden was a member of the South
Carolina convention that drafted a new state constitution. That same year he was named the lieutenant governor, to replace
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respectively, Gadsden refused any such assignment, since in his view the
British parliament had no rights in the matter. He was outspoken in his support of the
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540:, changed the rules. On August 27, 1780, he arrested about 20 of the civil officers then on parole. They were marched as prisoners to a ship and taken to
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528:. At the same time, Gadsden represented the civil government and surrendered the city. He was sent on parole to his Charleston house.
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Gadsden was married three times and had four children with his second wife. Three of his grandsons, all brothers, were also notable:
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named him a brigadier general in charge of the state's military forces. As the
British prepared to attack Charleston, Major General
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While Gadsden vehemently supported John Adams, who was opposed to slavery and promoted a gradual approach to abolition, the U.S.
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gubernatorial power led to a political culture in South Carolina of legislative dominance over the executive branch.
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became the new governor. Gadsden was also a member of the state convention in 1788 and voted for ratification of the
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250:(February 16, 1724 – August 28, 1805) was an American politician who was the principal leader of the South Carolina
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ordered outlying positions abandoned. Rutledge and the local officers disagreed. A compromise was reached and as
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built the gates that incorporate a snake motif, drawn from the "Don't Tread on Me" flag that Gadsden designed.
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326:, Pennsylvania. He inherited a large fortune from his parents who died in 1741. From 1745 to 1746 he was a
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The Constitution of South Carolina: The Relationship of the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Branches
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445:. He had risen to the rank of lieutenant colonel in the militia. He was elected as a delegate to the
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America through his wharf. He was captain of a militia company during a 1759 expedition against the
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Gadsden died from an accidental fall on August 28, 1805, in Charleston, and is buried there in
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On his return from New York, Gadsden became one of the founders and leaders of the Charleston
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area of Charleston that remained in the family for more than a century; famous ironworker
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After Clinton returned to New York, the new British commander in the South, General
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Christopher Gadsden and Henry Laurens: The Parallel Lives of Two American Patriots.
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Gadsden was returned to South Carolina's House of Representatives, then meeting at
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366:"; but it is unknown just how many enslaved people he purchased, owned, or used.
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the following year. He left Congress early in 1776 to assume command of the
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in 1672 and emigrated to South Carolina in 1695. He was sent to school near
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687:"Arcadia Plantation, Georgetown County (off U.S. Hwy. 17, Waccamaw Neck)"
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produced by the Congress. His addresses brought him to the attention of
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Christopher Gadsden built the three-story house at 329 East Bay Street.
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In 1798, he built the imposing house at 329 East Bay Street in the
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318:. He returned to America in 1740 and served as an apprentice at a
298:. He was the son of Thomas Gadsden (b. 1701), who had been in the
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American Revolutionary War prisoners of war held by Great Britain
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995:"The American Revolution in South Carolina, Christopher Gadsden"
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A Forgotten Founder: The Life and Legacy of Christopher Gadsden
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surrendered the Continental Army garrison on May 12 to General
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A Forgotten Founder: The Life and Legacy of Christopher Gadsden
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874:"The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Gaa to Gagan"
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In 1766, the assembly made him one of their delegates to the
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Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress
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South Carolina Militia, Continental Line, State Troops
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Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
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People of South Carolina in the American Revolution
693:. South Carolina Department of Archives and History
944:Godbold, E. Stanly, Jr., and Robert Woody (1983).
713:"Christopher Gadsden (U.S. National Park Service)"
1640:
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946:Christopher Gadsden and the American Revolution
306:. His grandfather, Edward Gadsden, was born in
1709:Members of the South Carolina General Assembly
983:The Writings of Christopher Gadsden, 1746–1805
691:National Register Properties in South Carolina
1699:Continental Army officers from South Carolina
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413:served on committees to draft appeals to the
457:of the Continental Army and to serve in the
69:January 24, 1780 – January 31, 1782
1714:Politicians from Charleston, South Carolina
1679:Continental Congressmen from South Carolina
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832:E. Stanly Godbold, "Gadsden, Christopher";
475:In February 1776, South Carolina President
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302:before becoming customs collector for the
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655:The Gadsden flag has come to symbolize
561:and Cornwallis' subsequent movement to
468:National Park Service marker depicting
1729:Signers of the Continental Association
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278:, a merchant, and the designer of the
232:South Carolina 1st Regiment (Infantry)
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1088:Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina
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276:Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina
57:Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina
1600:Journals of the Continental Congress
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782:"A brief history of Gadsden's Wharf"
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423:Declaration of Rights and Grievances
376:Great Britain in the Seven Years War
1734:18th-century American slave traders
1664:Accidental deaths in South Carolina
1626:Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom
1056:"Christopher Gadsden (id: G000002)"
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1674:American people of English descent
987:University of South Carolina Press
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835:American National Biography Online
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741:Preservation Society of Charleston
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401:, which was called to protest the
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1689:18th-century American politicians
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808:Lowell Underwood, James (1986).
780:Parker, Adam (22 October 2017).
766:(MA thesis). Clemson University.
760:Eldridge, Kelcey (August 2018).
149:Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.
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659:, the American Revolution, and
16:American politician (1724–1805)
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812:(1 ed.). pp. 15–18.
753:
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636:, who served two terms as the
544:. When they arrived, Governor
385:. He was first elected to the
19:For the Episcopal bishop, see
1:
950:University of Tennessee Press
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405:. While his fellow delegates
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1659:Accidental deaths from falls
1038:"Gadsden, Christopher"
981:Walsh, Richard, ed. (1996).
968:Susquehanna University Press
330:on a British warship during
294:Gadsden was born in 1724 in
7:
614:, who served as the fourth
612:Christopher Edwards Gadsden
455:1st South Carolina Regiment
451:Second Continental Congress
336:Beneventum Plantation House
282:. He is a signatory to the
258:. He was a delegate to the
161:Christopher Edwards Gadsden
21:Christopher Edwards Gadsden
10:
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1585:First Continental Congress
963:McDonough, Daniel (2000).
591:United States Constitution
447:First Continental Congress
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296:Charleston, South Carolina
272:American Revolutionary War
130:Charleston, South Carolina
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1054:United States Congress.
619:Bishop of South Carolina
549:old Spanish fortress of
514:laid siege to Charleston
1137:Continental Association
1044:Encyclopædia Britannica
645:St. Philip's Churchyard
284:Continental Association
1684:18th-century Anglicans
1066:Retrieved on 2009-5-16
878:politicalgraveyard.com
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551:Castillo de San Marcos
542:St. Augustine, Florida
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1724:American slave owners
1151:President of Congress
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374:Further information:
348:National Park Service
210:Years of service
1570:Virginia Association
1437:Thomas Johnson, Junr
630:of Arizona was named
260:Continental Congress
254:movement during the
1540:Christopher Gadsden
1473:Patrick Henry, Junr
638:Mayor of Charleston
461:of South Carolina.
459:Provincial Congress
437:Revolutionary years
256:American Revolution
248:Christopher Gadsden
30:Christopher Gadsden
1399:The Lower Counties
1329:William Livingston
1210:Robert Treat Paine
1073:Political offices
921:SC Picture Project
896:SC Picture Project
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538:Charles Cornwallis
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395:Stamp Act Congress
304:Port of Charleston
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1621:National Archives
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1483:Benjamin Harrison
1468:George Washington
1463:Richard Henry Lee
1370:Charles Humphreys
1293:Philip Livingston
1188:Massachusetts Bay
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1095:Succeeded by
917:"Battery Gadsden"
892:"Battery Gadsden"
737:"Gadsden's Wharf"
555:Banastre Tarleton
512:When the British
489:Sullivan's Island
332:King George's War
264:brigadier general
245:
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222:Brigadier General
127:February 16, 1724
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1605:Carpenters' Hall
1580:Suffolk Resolves
1575:Fairfax Resolves
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1432:Matthew Tilghman
1179:Nathaniel Folsom
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485:William Moultrie
449:in 1774 and the
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342:Views on slavery
338:in about 1750.
316:Bristol, England
268:Continental Army
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1324:James Kinsey
1308:Simon Boerum
1303:Henry Wisner
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1200:Samuel Adams
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998:. Retrieved
993:Lewis, J.D.
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280:Gadsden flag
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173:John Gadsden
145:(1805-08-28)
97:Succeeded by
64:
42:Portrait by
1654:1805 deaths
1649:1724 births
1416:George Read
1390:George Ross
1385:John Morton
1288:James Duane
1257:Silas Deane
1240:Connecticut
1231:Samuel Ward
1144:Signatories
717:www.nps.gov
583:Jacksonboro
481:Charles Lee
270:during the
85:Preceded by
1643:Categories
1317:New Jersey
1278:John Alsop
1205:John Adams
1081:Thomas Bee
927:2020-08-02
902:2020-08-02
859:2018-08-23
791:2021-06-28
746:2023-07-25
722:2022-09-09
673:References
569:Later life
520:. General
300:Royal Navy
290:Early life
192:Allegiance
175:(grandson)
169:(grandson)
163:(grandson)
123:1724-02-16
90:Thomas Bee
1273:Isaac Low
1000:March 25,
616:Episcopal
403:Stamp Act
308:Wiltshire
213:1776–1777
154:Relatives
65:In office
1456:Virginia
1425:Maryland
1283:John Jay
1266:New York
563:Yorktown
383:Cherokee
228:Commands
200:Service/
74:Governor
1614:Display
1563:Related
661:liberty
559:Cowpens
419:Commons
312:England
266:in the
252:Patriot
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651:Legacy
328:purser
202:branch
1002:2019
972:ISBN
954:ISBN
814:ISBN
699:2012
417:and
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218:Rank
140:Died
117:Born
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