304:
189:
585:
565:
580:
590:
29:
575:
570:
1124:
869:
1361:
1014:
1334:. Some insights can be gleaned from observations on the reaction of dichromate solutions with sulfuric acid. The first colour change from orange to red signals the conversion of dichromate to chromic acid. Under these conditions deep red crystals of chromium trioxide precipitate from the mixture, without further colour change.
874:
1631:
is signaled by a color change from orange to brownish green (indicating chromium being reduced from oxidation state +6 to +3), chromic acid is commonly used as a lab reagent in high school or undergraduate college chemistry as a qualitative analytical test for the presence of primary or
875:
872:
598:
1664:
are sufficient. Silver(I) compounds have been used for this purpose. Each oxidant offers advantages and disadvantages. Instead of using chemical oxidants, electrochemical oxidation is often possible.
545:
1856:
Brito, F.; Ascanioa, J.; Mateoa, S.; Hernándeza, C.; Araujoa, L.; Gili, P.; Martín-Zarzab, P.; Domínguez, S.; Mederos, A. (1997). "Equilibria of
Chromate(VI) Species in Acid Medium and
873:
1417:
Chromic acid is an intermediate in chromium plating, and is also used in ceramic glazes, and colored glass. Because a solution of chromic acid in sulfuric acid (also known as a
2206:
J. M. Grill; J. W. Ogle; S. A. Miller (2006). "An
Efficient and Practical System for the Catalytic Oxidation of Alcohols, Aldehydes, and α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids".
776:
1436:, particularly of otherwise insoluble organic residues. This application has declined due to environmental concerns. Furthermore, the acid leaves trace amounts of
764:
772:
2330:
1743:
1721:
954:
3273:
1027:
1193:
for the equilibrium is not well characterized. Reported values vary between about −0.8 to 1.6. The structure of the mono anion has been determined by
4554:
832:
780:
2033:
1384:, one component of concentrated "chromic acid". The H-atom positions are calculated, not observed. Color code: red = O, white = H, blue = Cr.
28:
3797:
2364:
353:
2337:
1961:
3906:
1683:. Chromium trioxide and chromic acids are strong oxidisers and may react violently if mixed with easily oxidisable organic substances.
1801:
Mukherjee, A. K.; Mukhopadhaya, A.; Mukherjee, M.; Ray, S. (1994). "Two
Mononuclear Tetraphenylphosphonium Oxochromium Complexes: (PPh
1656:, chromic acid is one of several reagents, including several that are catalytic. For example, nickel(II) salts catalyze oxidations by
897:
1994:
1467:
on the brass. Due to growing health and environmental concerns, many have discontinued use of this chemical in their repair shops.
768:
3266:
1990:
1080:. This kind of chromic acid may be used as a cleaning mixture for glass. Chromic acid may also refer to the molecular species,
2319:
1773:
684:
1022:
4654:
3259:
318:
4422:
3790:
2357:
904:
1034:
816:
126:
119:
526:
3858:
1459:
Chromic acid was widely used in the musical instrument repair industry, due to its ability to "brighten" raw
883:
57:
3234:
670:
251:
184:
589:
4634:
4473:
3783:
3759:
2350:
282:
2073:
Freeman, F. "Chromic Acid" Encyclopedia of
Reagents for Organic Synthesis (2001) John Wiley & Sons,
728:
584:
978:
965:
680:
638:
579:
490:
748:
4568:
4530:
4311:
3514:
1524:
812:
196:
720:
4644:
3503:
840:
299:
2044:
1791:
A comprehensive database of published data on equilibrium constants of metal complexes and ligands
564:
4613:
4277:
4235:
4211:
3282:
3058:
1965:
1073:
513:
4649:
4440:
4301:
4291:
3749:
3546:
3005:
622:
569:
4588:
4381:
4371:
4356:
4325:
4259:
4245:
4153:
4049:
4039:
4034:
4004:
3820:
3137:
2742:
1969:
1765:
1194:
612:
557:
45:
744:
658:
4391:
4335:
4148:
4059:
4024:
4019:
3986:
3971:
3957:
3947:
3840:
3623:
2834:
1916:
1830:
1433:
1331:
1128:
574:
260:
166:
752:
95:
8:
4455:
4401:
4221:
4069:
3890:
3659:
3406:
2912:
2876:
2767:
2679:
2422:
2412:
2020:"Watson v Buckley, Osborne, Garrett & Co Ltd and Wyrovoys Products Ltd 1 All ER 174"
1672:
1657:
1645:
1608:
1528:
1104:
1100:
784:
85:
2302:
1920:
1834:
1298:
Molecular chromic acid could in principle be made by adding chromium trioxide to water (
303:
188:
146:
4639:
4361:
4014:
3806:
3388:
3368:
3348:
3338:
3310:
3170:
3025:
2938:
2894:
2684:
2373:
1937:
1888:
1691:
1675:
compounds (including chromium trioxide, chromic acids, chromates, chlorochromates) are
1660:(hypochlorite). Aldehydes are relatively easily oxidised to carboxylic acids, and mild
2276:
2243:
1998:
1873:
688:
4463:
3681:
3641:
3605:
3568:
3474:
3450:
3090:
3072:
2952:
2778:
2596:
2591:
2577:
2489:
2484:
2417:
2281:
2263:
2224:
2184:
2156:
2128:
2100:
1942:
1769:
1633:
1604:
1588:
1077:
1058:
820:
692:
4540:
4516:
4197:
4192:
4123:
3440:
3358:
3324:
3223:
2927:
2848:
2724:
2641:
2524:
2449:
2444:
2433:
2271:
2255:
2216:
2074:
1932:
1924:
1869:
1838:
1757:
1624:
1548:
1490:
1453:
1445:
796:
788:
479:
381:
2303:
Alcohols from
Carbonyl Compounds: Oxidation-Reduction and Organometallic Compounds
2019:
662:
240:
3416:
3378:
3296:
3119:
3020:
2862:
2606:
2601:
2514:
1653:
1620:
1538:
1514:
1426:
1354:
1350:
1302:
1108:
1096:
712:
654:
215:
2179:
2151:
2123:
2091:
1788:
4605:
3538:
3181:
3101:
3030:
2694:
2474:
1607:, dilute solutions of chromic acid can be used to oxidize primary or secondary
1005:
756:
700:
508:
2326:
2259:
1928:
1842:
1735:
1717:
930:
792:
736:
696:
4628:
3460:
3430:
3195:
3044:
2963:
2753:
2665:
2651:
2631:
2563:
2529:
2494:
2384:
2267:
2208:
2078:
1687:
1619:. Similarly, it can also be used to oxidize an aldehyde to its corresponding
1594:
Oxidation of secondary alcohol to ketone (cyclooctanone) and nortricyclanone.
1573:
1506:
1498:
1430:
1147:
1069:
1050:
716:
468:
458:
177:
3251:
1481:
It is used as a bleach in black and white photographic reversal processing.
732:
3209:
3155:
2991:
2977:
2820:
2806:
2704:
2504:
2454:
2398:
2285:
2228:
1946:
1680:
1577:
1437:
1338:
1092:
1123:
896:
828:
704:
618:
2714:
2611:
2464:
1855:
1562:
is a well-defined molecular compound that is generated from chromic acid.
1456:
can be used for the same task, without leaving metallic residues behind.
903:
800:
882:
804:
760:
4090:
2792:
2621:
1342:
1112:
1054:
889:
418:
197:
157:
2220:
824:
3775:
2342:
1628:
1449:
1292:
1198:
676:
630:
271:
1004:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
2699:
1649:
1612:
1542:
1532:
1510:
1471:
1409:
are probable components of concentrated solutions of chromic acid.
1346:
855:
2324:
1715:
848:
646:
125:
118:
2205:
1823:
1800:
1661:
1502:
1330:
In practice, the reverse reaction occurs: molecular chromic acid
890:
708:
634:
448:
337:
InChI=1/Cr.2H2O.2O/h;2*1H2;;/q+2;;;;/p-2/rCrH2O4/c2-1(3,4)5/h2-3H
227:
2177:
1197:. In this tetrahedral oxyanion, three Cr-O bond lengths are 156
1616:
1584:
1518:
1464:
724:
1531:. This reagent converts primary alcohols to the corresponding
1360:
1740:
Immediately
Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH)
1676:
1460:
137:
108:
1076:, which may contain a variety of compounds, including solid
287:
4083:
991:
438:
3899:
3834:
1991:"NMR-010: Proper Cleaning Procedures for NMR Sample Tubes"
1909:
1068:
is usually used for a mixture made by adding concentrated
740:
2306:
1493:
and many variations on this reagent have been developed:
1184:
2121:
1444:) that can interfere with certain applications, such as
433:
Dark purplish-red sand-like crystalline solid or powder
1521:
respectively, while rarely affecting unsaturated bonds.
1280:
642:
2242:
Hettiaratchy, Shehan; Dziewulski, Peter (2004-06-12).
2241:
2089:
1598:
2331:
National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1744:
National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1722:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
16:
Mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and dichromate
1489:Chromic acid is capable of oxidizing many kinds of
1463:. A chromic acid dip leaves behind a bright yellow
1049:is jargon for a solution formed by the addition of
473:250 °C (482 °F; 523 K) (decomposes)
1756:
4626:
2338:IARC Monograph "Chromium and Chromium compounds"
626:
239:
1959:
1566:
1245:Furthermore, the dichromate can be protonated:
871:
836:
94:
844:
650:
34:Dichromic acid (left) and chromic acid (right)
3791:
3281:
3267:
2358:
2149:
1886:
425:218.001 g/mol (dichromic acid)
1509:, which will oxidize primary and secondary
3798:
3784:
3274:
3260:
2365:
2351:
2069:
2067:
2065:
1107:of VI or 6). It is a strong and corrosive
808:
302:
187:
165:
2275:
2178:Meinwald, J.; Crandall, J.; Hymans W. E.
1936:
1345:and can react with a Lewis base, such as
1118:
327:InChI=1S/Cr.2H2O.2O/h;2*1H2;;/q+2;;;;/p-2
259:
2325:NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.
1887:Kulikov, Vladislav; Meyer, Gerd (2013).
1716:NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.
1627:and ketones are unaffected. Because the
1527:is generated from chromium trioxide and
1359:
1279:Loss of the second proton occurs in the
1122:
2320:International Chemical Safety Card 1194
2062:
1639:
1095:. Chromic acid features chromium in an
463:197 °C (387 °F; 470 K)
298:
4627:
3805:
2372:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1541:is an adduct of chromium trioxide and
1388:Higher chromic acids with the formula
178:
3779:
3255:
2346:
330:Key: KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L
145:
2244:"Pathophysiology and types of burns"
540:highly toxic, carcinogen, corrosive
1704:
1599:Use in qualitative organic analysis
1341:of molecular chromic acid. It is a
340:Key: KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-OOUCQFSRAZ
230:
13:
1889:"Dihydronium Tetrachromate(VI), (H
1448:. This is especially the case for
1057:. It consists at least in part of
867:
14:
4666:
2313:
2166:, vol. 5, pp. 310 (1973
2138:, vol. 3, pp. 449 (1955
2124:"Homophthalic Acid and Anhydride"
2122:Grummitt, O.; Egan, R.; Buck, A.
2090:Kamm O.; Matthews, A. O. (1941).
1349:in a non-aqueous medium such as
1012:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
27:
2235:
2199:
2171:
2143:
2115:
2083:
2026:
2012:
1364:Structure of tetrachromic acid
1161:. It would ionize accordingly:
1008:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
1983:
1960:J. M. McCormick (2006-06-30).
1953:
1880:
1849:
1794:
1782:
1750:
1728:
1211:condenses to form dichromate:
527:Occupational safety and health
1:
2296:
1874:10.1016/S0277-5387(97)00128-9
1474:in the 1940s, under the name
1201:and the Cr-OH bond is 201 pm
1091:of which the trioxide is the
959:(US health exposure limits):
4084:Organochromium(II) compounds
2248:BMJ: British Medical Journal
1736:"Chromic acid and chromates"
1567:Illustrative transformations
1545:used for diverse oxidations.
1484:
1303:manufacture of sulfuric acid
423:118.008 g/mol (chromic acid)
7:
3900:Organochromium(I) compounds
3835:Organochromium(0) compounds
1860:Studies of These Species".
919:or concentration (LD, LC):
503:−0.8 to 1.6 (chromic acid)
10:
4671:
2194:, vol. 5, p. 866
2110:, vol. 1, p. 392
1690:are treated with a dilute
1283:range 4–8, making the ion
1146:, in principle, resembles
62:Dihydroxidodioxidochromium
4655:Transition metal oxoacids
4604:
4454:
4415:
4349:
4141:
4116:
3940:
3883:
3813:
3711:
3598:
3537:
3496:
3289:
3283:Chromates and dichromates
2380:
2260:10.1136/bmj.328.7453.1427
1929:10.1107/S1600536813001608
1843:10.1107/S0108270194003148
1762:Chemistry of the Elements
1760:; Earnshaw, Alan (1997).
1667:
1525:Pyridinium chlorochromate
1337:Chromium trioxide is the
1002:
953:
915:
544:
524:
519:
374:
349:
314:
78:
68:
56:
44:
39:
26:
2079:10.1002/047084289X.rc164
1697:
1497:Chromic acid in aqueous
1135:Molecular chromic acid,
1053:to aqueous solutions of
671:Precautionary statements
4614:Chromate and dichromate
1966:Truman State University
1412:
514:Chromate and dichromate
413:(dichromic acid)
2043:. Foma. Archived from
1583:Oxidative scission of
1385:
1132:
1119:Molecular chromic acid
985:TWA 0.001 mg Cr(VI)/m
878:
1766:Butterworth-Heinemann
1758:Greenwood, Norman N.
1611:to the corresponding
1363:
1195:X-ray crystallography
1126:
877:
58:Systematic IUPAC name
1962:"Cleaning Glassware"
1640:Alternative reagents
1434:laboratory glassware
1429:, it can be used to
1419:sulfochromic mixture
1129:predominance diagram
860:(fire diamond)
73:Tetraoxochromic acid
2254:(7453): 1427–1429.
2096:-Nitrobenzoic Acid"
1921:2013AcCrE..69I..13K
1835:1994AcCrC..50.1401M
1673:Hexavalent chromium
1529:pyridinium chloride
1423:chromosulfuric acid
480:Solubility in water
23:
4635:Hydrogen compounds
3807:Chromium compounds
2374:Hydrogen compounds
2150:Eisenbraun, E. J.
1692:sodium thiosulfate
1634:secondary alcohols
1386:
1133:
1035:Infobox references
994:(Immediate danger)
879:
19:
4622:
4621:
4117:Chromium(II, III)
4112:
4111:
3936:
3935:
3879:
3878:
3773:
3772:
3594:
3593:
3249:
3248:
2221:10.1021/jo0612574
2215:(25): 9291–9296.
2192:Collected Volumes
2185:Organic Syntheses
2180:"Nortricyclanone"
2164:Collected Volumes
2157:Organic Syntheses
2136:Collected Volumes
2129:Organic Syntheses
2108:Collected Volumes
2101:Organic Syntheses
1868:(21): 3835–3846.
1789:IUPAC SC-Database
1775:978-0-08-037941-8
1644:In oxidations of
1625:Tertiary alcohols
1605:organic chemistry
1589:homophthalic acid
1491:organic compounds
1078:chromium trioxide
1059:chromium trioxide
1043:Chemical compound
1041:
1040:
613:Hazard statements
283:CompTox Dashboard
127:Interactive image
120:Interactive image
4662:
4594:
4583:
4564:
4550:
4536:
4526:
4512:
4497:
4483:
4469:
4446:
4436:
4407:
4397:
4387:
4377:
4367:
4341:
4331:
4321:
4307:
4297:
4287:
4273:
4255:
4241:
4231:
4217:
4207:
4188:
4133:
4104:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4065:
4055:
4045:
4030:
4010:
4000:
3982:
3967:
3953:
3928:
3897:
3896:
3872:
3854:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3777:
3776:
3765:
3755:
3745:
3730:
3703:
3677:
3655:
3637:
3619:
3586:
3564:
3529:
3510:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3470:
3456:
3446:
3436:
3426:
3412:
3402:
3384:
3374:
3364:
3354:
3344:
3334:
3320:
3306:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3253:
3252:
3241:
3230:
3219:
3205:
3191:
3177:
3166:
3151:
3133:
3115:
3097:
3086:
3068:
3054:
3040:
3016:
3001:
2987:
2973:
2959:
2948:
2934:
2923:
2908:
2890:
2872:
2858:
2844:
2830:
2816:
2802:
2788:
2774:
2763:
2749:
2738:
2720:
2710:
2690:
2675:
2661:
2647:
2637:
2627:
2617:
2587:
2573:
2559:
2544:
2520:
2510:
2500:
2480:
2470:
2460:
2440:
2429:
2408:
2394:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2344:
2343:
2334:
2290:
2289:
2279:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2203:
2197:
2195:
2188:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2160:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2132:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2104:
2087:
2081:
2071:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2050:on 18 April 2016
2049:
2038:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
1997:. Archived from
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1968:. Archived from
1957:
1951:
1950:
1940:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1829:(9): 1401–1404.
1813:O)] and (PPh
1798:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1764:(2nd ed.).
1754:
1748:
1747:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1713:
1662:oxidising agents
1654:carboxylic acids
1636:, or aldehydes.
1561:
1549:Chromyl chloride
1515:carboxylic acids
1505:is known as the
1454:Piranha solution
1446:NMR spectroscopy
1443:
1425:) is a powerful
1408:
1383:
1326:
1290:
1267:
1233:
1210:
1179:
1160:
1145:
1090:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1015:
948:
906:
899:
892:
885:
870:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
412:
396:
382:Chemical formula
307:
306:
291:
289:
263:
243:
232:
216:Gmelin Reference
199:
191:
180:
169:
149:
129:
122:
98:
71:Chromic(VI) acid
31:
24:
18:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4645:Oxidizing acids
4625:
4624:
4623:
4618:
4600:
4593:
4589:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4535:
4531:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4468:
4464:
4450:
4445:
4441:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4411:
4406:
4402:
4396:
4392:
4386:
4382:
4376:
4372:
4366:
4362:
4345:
4340:
4336:
4330:
4326:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4306:
4302:
4296:
4292:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4240:
4236:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4216:
4212:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4137:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4108:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4079:
4074:
4070:
4064:
4060:
4054:
4050:
4044:
4040:
4029:
4025:
4009:
4005:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3952:
3948:
3932:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3895:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3830:
3825:
3821:
3809:
3804:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3760:
3754:
3750:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3707:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3590:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3539:Chromate esters
3533:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3508:
3504:
3497:Chlorochromates
3492:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3455:
3451:
3445:
3441:
3435:
3431:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3407:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3379:
3373:
3369:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3349:
3343:
3339:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3285:
3280:
3250:
3245:
3239:
3235:
3228:
3224:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3175:
3171:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2957:
2953:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2705:
2689:
2685:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2612:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2495:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2465:
2459:
2455:
2438:
2434:
2427:
2423:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2376:
2371:
2316:
2299:
2294:
2293:
2240:
2236:
2204:
2200:
2190:
2176:
2172:
2162:
2152:"Cyclooctanone"
2148:
2144:
2134:
2120:
2116:
2106:
2088:
2084:
2072:
2063:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2004:
2002:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1975:
1973:
1958:
1954:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1881:
1854:
1850:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1795:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1755:
1751:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1714:
1705:
1700:
1670:
1642:
1621:carboxylic acid
1601:
1569:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1539:Collins reagent
1487:
1470:It was used in
1441:
1427:oxidizing agent
1415:
1407:
1399:
1393:
1389:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1355:Collins reagent
1351:dichloromethane
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1288:
1284:
1274:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1240:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1208:
1204:
1191:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1121:
1111:and a moderate
1109:oxidising agent
1097:oxidation state
1089:
1085:
1081:
1044:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1030: ?)
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
998:15 mg Cr(VI)/m
995:
982:
972:TWA 0.005 mg/m
969:
946:
942:
938:
934:
928:
911:
910:
909:
908:
901:
894:
887:
880:
876:
868:
673:
615:
601:
560:
537:
499:
485:169 g/(100 mL)
482:
424:
411:
407:
403:
399:
398:
395:
391:
387:
384:
370:
367:
362:
357:
356:
345:
342:
341:
338:
332:
331:
328:
322:
321:
310:
292:
285:
266:
246:
233:
218:
209:
172:
152:
132:
112:
101:
88:
74:
72:
64:
63:
52:
50:
35:
32:
22:Dichromic acid
21:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4668:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4610:
4608:
4606:Polyatomic ion
4602:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4596:(hypothetical)
4591:
4585:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4494:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4460:
4458:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4151:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4126:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4087:
4085:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3984:
3978:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3903:
3901:
3894:
3893:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3838:
3836:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3810:
3803:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3780:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3512:
3506:
3500:
3498:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3299:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3279:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3256:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3237:
3232:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3184:
3179:
3173:
3168:
3162:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3099:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3012:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2966:
2961:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2930:
2925:
2919:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2751:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2436:
2431:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2370:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2322:
2315:
2314:External links
2312:
2311:
2310:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2234:
2198:
2170:
2142:
2114:
2082:
2061:
2025:
2011:
1982:
1952:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1879:
1848:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1793:
1781:
1774:
1749:
1727:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1669:
1666:
1641:
1638:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1581:
1574:methylbenzenes
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1546:
1536:
1522:
1486:
1483:
1440:chromic ions (
1414:
1411:
1401:
1395:
1391:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1286:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1206:
1189:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1157:
1153:
1142:
1138:
1120:
1117:
1087:
1083:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1011:
1010:
1006:standard state
1003:
1000:
999:
996:
990:
987:
986:
983:
977:
974:
973:
970:
964:
961:
960:
951:
950:
944:
940:
935:
926:
924:
921:
920:
913:
912:
902:
895:
888:
881:
866:
865:
864:
863:
861:
852:
851:
833:P371+P380+P375
777:P305+P351+P338
765:P303+P361+P353
753:P301+P330+P331
674:
669:
666:
665:
623:H300+H310+H330
616:
611:
608:
607:
602:
597:
594:
593:
561:
556:
553:
552:
542:
541:
538:
535:
532:
531:
522:
521:
517:
516:
511:
509:Conjugate base
505:
504:
501:
497:
487:
486:
483:
478:
475:
474:
471:
465:
464:
461:
455:
454:
451:
445:
444:
441:
435:
434:
431:
427:
426:
421:
415:
414:
409:
405:
401:
397:(chromic acid)
393:
389:
385:
380:
377:
376:
372:
371:
369:
368:
365:
363:
360:
352:
351:
350:
347:
346:
344:
343:
339:
336:
335:
333:
329:
326:
325:
317:
316:
315:
312:
311:
309:
308:
295:
293:
281:
278:
277:
274:
268:
267:
265:
264:
256:
254:
248:
247:
245:
244:
236:
234:
226:
223:
222:
219:
214:
211:
210:
208:
207:
203:
201:
193:
192:
182:
174:
173:
171:
170:
162:
160:
154:
153:
151:
150:
142:
140:
134:
133:
131:
130:
123:
115:
113:
106:
103:
102:
100:
99:
91:
89:
84:
81:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
61:
60:
54:
53:
51:Dichromic acid
48:
42:
41:
37:
36:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4667:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4650:Mineral acids
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4603:
4597:
4595:
4586:
4584:
4567:
4565:
4553:
4551:
4539:
4537:
4529:
4527:
4515:
4513:
4486:
4484:
4472:
4470:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4453:
4447:
4439:
4437:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4408:
4400:
4398:
4390:
4388:
4380:
4378:
4370:
4368:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4342:
4334:
4332:
4324:
4322:
4310:
4308:
4300:
4298:
4290:
4288:
4276:
4274:
4258:
4256:
4244:
4242:
4234:
4232:
4220:
4218:
4210:
4208:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4142:Chromium(III)
4140:
4134:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4105:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4076:
4068:
4066:
4058:
4056:
4048:
4046:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4003:
4001:
3985:
3983:
3970:
3968:
3956:
3954:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3939:
3929:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3873:
3857:
3855:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3827:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3801:
3796:
3794:
3789:
3787:
3782:
3781:
3778:
3766:
3758:
3756:
3748:
3746:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3704:
3680:
3678:
3658:
3656:
3640:
3638:
3622:
3620:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3587:
3567:
3565:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3530:
3513:
3511:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3489:
3473:
3471:
3459:
3457:
3449:
3447:
3439:
3437:
3429:
3427:
3415:
3413:
3405:
3403:
3387:
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3194:
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2318:
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2300:
2287:
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2278:
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2257:
2253:
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2245:
2238:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2209:J. Org. Chem.
2202:
2193:
2187:
2186:
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2174:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2146:
2137:
2131:
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2125:
2118:
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2097:
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2086:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2046:
2042:
2035:
2029:
2021:
2015:
2001:on 2008-05-13
2000:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1972:on 2008-12-07
1971:
1967:
1963:
1956:
1948:
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1939:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
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1910:
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1883:
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1737:
1731:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1703:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1686:Chromic acid
1684:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1578:benzoic acids
1575:
1572:Oxidation of
1571:
1570:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1507:Jones reagent
1504:
1500:
1499:sulfuric acid
1496:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1455:
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1405:
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1271:
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1214:
1213:
1212:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1149:
1148:sulfuric acid
1130:
1125:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1070:sulfuric acid
1067:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:sulfuric acid
1048:
1036:
1029:
1024:
1007:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
988:
984:
981:(Recommended)
980:
976:
975:
971:
968:(Permissible)
967:
963:
962:
958:
957:
952:
949:, rat, oral)
936:
932:
923:
922:
918:
914:
907:
900:
893:
886:
862:
859:
858:
854:
853:
675:
672:
668:
667:
617:
614:
610:
609:
606:
603:
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595:
591:
586:
581:
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571:
566:
562:
559:
555:
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548:
543:
539:
534:
533:
529:
528:
523:
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512:
510:
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502:
496:
492:
489:
488:
484:
481:
477:
476:
472:
470:
469:Boiling point
467:
466:
462:
460:
459:Melting point
457:
456:
452:
450:
447:
446:
442:
440:
437:
436:
432:
429:
428:
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364:
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348:
334:
324:
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305:
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300:DTXSID8034455
297:
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186:
183:
181:
179:ECHA InfoCard
176:
175:
168:
164:
163:
161:
159:
156:
155:
148:
144:
143:
141:
139:
136:
135:
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97:
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87:
83:
82:
77:
67:
59:
55:
47:
43:
38:
30:
25:
4587:
4487:
4456:Chromium(VI)
4350:Chromium(IV)
3941:Chromium(II)
3720:
3712:
3236:H[Co(CO)
2534:
2251:
2247:
2237:
2212:
2207:
2201:
2191:
2183:
2173:
2163:
2155:
2145:
2135:
2127:
2117:
2107:
2099:
2093:
2085:
2052:. Retrieved
2045:the original
2040:
2028:
2014:
2003:. Retrieved
1999:the original
1985:
1974:. Retrieved
1970:the original
1955:
1912:
1908:
1882:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1826:
1822:
1821:(OH)]".
1796:
1784:
1761:
1752:
1739:
1730:
1685:
1681:carcinogenic
1671:
1643:
1602:
1488:
1480:
1475:
1469:
1458:
1438:paramagnetic
1422:
1418:
1416:
1403:
1396:
1387:
1336:
1329:
1299:
1297:
1278:
1269:
1244:
1235:
1203:
1186:
1182:
1134:
1131:for chromate
1066:chromic acid
1065:
1063:
1047:Chromic acid
1046:
1045:
955:
937:51.9 mg/kg (
916:
856:
604:
546:
536:Main hazards
525:
494:
79:Identifiers
69:Other names
49:Chromic acid
20:Chromic acid
4416:Chromium(V)
3884:Chromium(I)
3814:Chromium(0)
3599:Dichromates
2034:"Fomapan R"
1258:] ⇌ [Cr
1220:] ⇌ [Cr
1216:2 [HCrO
1174:⇌ [HCrO
931:median dose
917:Lethal dose
599:Signal word
530:(OHS/OSH):
453:1.201 g/cm
430:Appearance
375:Properties
185:100.028.910
147:CHEBI:33143
46:IUPAC names
4629:Categories
2297:References
2005:2008-06-27
1976:2010-12-18
1915:(2): i13.
1862:Polyhedron
1694:solution.
1343:Lewis acid
1332:dehydrates
1113:carcinogen
1074:dichromate
1055:dichromate
558:Pictograms
419:Molar mass
366:O=(=O)(O)O
361:O(O)(=O)=O
276:1755 1463
261:SA8VOV0V7Q
158:ChemSpider
107:3D model (
86:CAS Number
4640:Chromates
3290:Chromates
2918:[PtCl
2268:0959-8138
2041:Fomapan R
1858:ab initio
1817:)[CrO
1805:)[CrO
1650:aldehydes
1629:oxidation
1613:aldehydes
1533:aldehydes
1485:Reactions
1450:NMR tubes
1339:anhydride
1293:weak acid
1285:[HCrO
1205:[HCrO
1093:anhydride
1064:The term
947:·2Na
841:P403+P233
829:P370+P378
817:P342+P311
813:P333+P313
785:P308+P313
781:P306+P360
773:P304+P341
769:P304+P340
761:P302+P352
757:P302+P350
749:P301+P310
549:labelling
443:Odorless
272:UN number
206:231-801-5
198:EC Number
96:7738-94-5
4179:][CH
3574:(OSi(OCH
3011:[SiF
2435:H[BF
2333:(NIOSH).
2286:15191982
2229:17137354
1947:23424393
1746:(NIOSH).
1724:(NIOSH).
1646:alcohols
1609:alcohols
1543:pyridine
1535:(R–CHO).
1511:alcohols
1476:Melereon
1472:hair dye
1378:·2H
1347:pyridine
1250:[HCr
1127:Partial
857:NFPA 704
520:Hazards
4155:[Cr
3713:Related
3661:[NH
3476:[NH
2327:"#0138"
2054:6 April
1938:3569175
1917:Bibcode
1831:Bibcode
1718:"#0138"
1617:ketones
1519:ketones
1503:acetone
1241:= 2.05.
1105:valence
1103:(and a
1028:what is
1026: (
491:Acidity
449:Density
228:PubChem
4578:NH]CrO
4570:[C
4313:Cr(ClO
4237:Cr(OH)
3822:Cr(CO)
3683:[C
3552:(OC(CH
3524:NH]CrO
3516:[C
2284:
2277:421790
2274:
2266:
2227:
1995:Wilmad
1945:
1935:
1772:
1668:Safety
1658:bleach
1585:indene
1465:patina
1023:verify
1020:
605:Danger
354:SMILES
221:25982
40:Names
4475:CrO(O
4199:Cr(NO
3988:Cr(CH
3751:EuCrO
3452:PbCrO
3442:CdCrO
3432:ZnCrO
3408:NiCrO
3380:BaCrO
3370:SrCrO
3360:CaCrO
3350:MgCrO
3340:BeCrO
2686:NaHCO
2048:(PDF)
2037:(PDF)
1698:Notes
1688:burns
1677:toxic
1652:into
1461:brass
1431:clean
1318:O ⇌ H
1275:= 1.8
1266:] + H
1234:, log
1228:] + H
1178:] + H
1072:to a
956:NIOSH
319:InChI
241:24425
167:22834
138:ChEBI
109:JSmol
4532:CrOF
4428:Cr(O
4393:CrBr
4383:CrCl
4357:CrSi
4327:CrBr
4303:CrCl
4213:CrPO
4159:O(CH
4092:Cr(C
4061:CrBr
4051:CrCl
4035:CrSe
4026:CrSO
4006:CrSi
3973:Cr(C
3924:(CO)
3868:(CO)
3842:Cr(C
3505:KCrO
3394:(CrO
3026:HNCS
3021:HSCN
2695:HNCO
2643:HMnO
2530:HCNO
2516:HClO
2506:HClO
2496:HClO
2490:HClO
2476:HBrO
2466:HBrO
2456:HBrO
2450:HBrO
2413:HArF
2282:PMID
2264:ISSN
2225:PMID
2056:2016
1943:PMID
1770:ISBN
1679:and
1615:and
1517:and
1501:and
1413:Uses
1183:The
992:IDLH
849:P501
845:P405
837:P391
825:P363
821:P361
809:P330
805:P322
801:P321
797:P320
793:P314
789:P310
745:P285
741:P284
737:P283
733:P281
729:P280
725:P273
721:P272
717:P271
713:P270
709:P264
705:P262
701:P261
697:P260
693:P221
689:P220
685:P210
681:P202
677:P201
663:H410
659:H372
655:H361
651:H350
647:H341
643:H340
639:H334
635:H317
631:H314
627:H301
619:H271
439:Odor
252:UNII
4590:CrF
4556:CrO
4542:CrO
4518:CrO
4493:CrO
4465:CrO
4442:CrF
4403:CrI
4373:CrF
4363:CrO
4337:CrI
4293:CrF
4265:(SO
4193:CrN
4149:CrB
4071:CrI
4041:CrF
4020:CrS
4015:CrO
3949:CrH
3891:CrH
3860:CrC
3761:CrO
3726:CrO
3691:NH]
3570:CrO
3548:CrO
3484:CrO
3466:CrO
3422:CrO
3330:CrO
3316:CrO
3302:CrO
3215:TiO
3201:TeO
3187:TeO
2997:SiO
2983:SeO
2969:SeO
2759:NSO
2744:HNO
2716:HNO
2706:HNO
2700:HNO
2680:HNC
2671:MoO
2657:MnO
2633:HIO
2623:HIO
2613:HIO
2607:HIO
2597:HFO
2540:CrO
2525:HCN
2485:HCl
2445:HBr
2424:HSO
2418:HAt
2404:AsO
2390:AsO
2307:PDF
2272:PMC
2256:doi
2252:328
2217:doi
2075:doi
1933:PMC
1925:doi
1870:doi
1839:doi
1648:or
1603:In
1587:to
1576:to
1553:CrO
1513:to
1421:or
1406:+1)
1357:).
1322:CrO
1314:+ H
1310:CrO
1305:).
1300:cf.
1268:, p
1170:CrO
1141:CrO
1099:of
1086:CrO
979:REL
966:PEL
943:CrO
905:COR
547:GHS
392:CrO
288:EPA
231:CID
4631::
4582:Cl
4560:Br
4546:Cl
4504:Cr
4283:Te
4279:Cr
4261:Cr
4247:Cr
4223:Cr
4183:CO
4175:O)
4171:(H
4163:CO
4125:Cr
3992:CO
3959:Cr
3912:(C
3908:Cr
3737:Cr
3695:Cr
3669:Cr
3647:Cr
3643:Ag
3629:Cr
3611:Cr
3607:Na
3528:Cl
3509:Cl
3462:Pb
3418:Ag
3390:Fe
3326:Cs
3298:Na
3229:Po
3176:Te
3161:SO
3157:CF
3064:SO
3050:SO
3036:SO
2958:Se
2906:10
2868:PO
2854:PO
2840:PO
2602:HI
2592:HF
2583:CS
2569:CO
2551:Cr
2329:.
2280:.
2270:.
2262:.
2250:.
2246:.
2223:.
2213:71
2189:;
2182:.
2161:;
2154:.
2133:;
2126:.
2105:;
2098:.
2064:^
2039:.
1993:.
1964:.
1941:.
1931:.
1923:.
1913:69
1911:.
1907:.
1903:13
1897:Cr
1893:O)
1866:16
1864:.
1837:.
1827:50
1825:.
1809:(H
1768:.
1742:.
1738:.
1720:.
1706:^
1623:.
1557:Cl
1551:,
1478:.
1452:.
1442:Cr
1402:(3
1394:Cr
1376:13
1370:Cr
1295:.
1291:a
1281:pH
1199:pm
1156:SO
1150:,
1115:.
1101:+6
1061:.
927:50
925:LD
847:,
843:,
839:,
835:,
831:,
827:,
823:,
819:,
815:,
811:,
807:,
803:,
799:,
795:,
791:,
787:,
783:,
779:,
775:,
771:,
767:,
763:,
759:,
755:,
751:,
747:,
743:,
739:,
735:,
731:,
727:,
723:,
719:,
715:,
711:,
707:,
703:,
699:,
695:,
691:,
687:,
683:,
679:,
661:,
657:,
653:,
649:,
645:,
641:,
637:,
633:,
629:,
625:,
621:,
551::
500:)
493:(p
404:Cr
4592:6
4580:3
4576:5
4574:H
4572:5
4562:2
4558:2
4548:2
4544:2
4534:4
4524:2
4522:F
4520:2
4510:7
4508:O
4506:2
4502:2
4500:H
4498:/
4495:4
4491:2
4489:H
4481:2
4479:)
4477:2
4467:3
4444:5
4434:4
4432:)
4430:2
4426:3
4424:K
4405:4
4395:4
4385:4
4375:4
4365:2
4339:3
4329:3
4319:3
4317:)
4315:4
4305:3
4295:3
4285:3
4281:2
4271:3
4269:)
4267:4
4263:2
4253:3
4251:S
4249:2
4239:3
4229:3
4227:O
4225:2
4215:4
4205:3
4203:)
4201:3
4187:]
4185:2
4181:3
4177:3
4173:2
4169:6
4167:)
4165:2
4161:3
4157:3
4131:2
4129:C
4127:3
4102:2
4100:)
4098:5
4096:H
4094:5
4073:2
4063:2
4053:2
4043:2
4028:4
4008:2
3998:2
3996:)
3994:2
3990:3
3981:)
3979:4
3977:O
3975:2
3965:2
3963:C
3961:3
3951:2
3926:6
3922:2
3920:)
3918:5
3916:H
3914:5
3910:2
3870:3
3866:6
3864:H
3862:6
3852:2
3850:)
3848:6
3846:H
3844:6
3824:6
3799:e
3792:t
3785:v
3763:5
3753:4
3743:7
3741:O
3739:2
3735:2
3733:H
3731:/
3728:4
3724:2
3722:H
3701:7
3699:O
3697:2
3693:2
3689:5
3687:H
3685:5
3675:7
3673:O
3671:2
3667:2
3665:]
3663:4
3653:7
3651:O
3649:2
3645:2
3635:7
3633:O
3631:2
3627:2
3625:K
3617:7
3615:O
3613:2
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