19:
223:
278:
In fact, Fredegar quotes from sources that he does not acknowledge and drastically condenses some of those he does. He also inserts additional sections of text that are not derived from his main sources. These inserted sections are referred to as "interpolations". For most of them the sources are not
399:
by the obscure fourth century Latin writer
Quintus Julius Hilarianus. This is followed by a version of Fredegar's Book II incorporating an expanded account of the Trojan origin of the Franks. The second book is an abridged version of the histories by Gregory of Tours corresponding to Fredegar's Book
268:
In the critical edition by Krusch the chronicle is divided into four sections or books. The first three books are based on earlier works and cover the period from the beginning of the world up to 584; the fourth book continues up to 642 and foreshadows events occurring between 655 and 660. In the
273:
I have most carefully read the chronicles of St Jerome, Hydatius and a certain wise man, of
Isidore as well as of Gregory, from the beginning of the world to the declining years of Guntram's reign; and I have reproduced successively in this little book, in suitable languages and without many
351:
The 90 chapters in the fourth book contain details of events concerning the
Burgundian court. Fredegar does not reveal his sources but the earlier chapters are presumably based on local annals. Chapters 24–39 contain an accounts from witnesses of events between 603 and 613. Chapter 36 is an
157:
because of his knowledge of the alternate name
Wifflisburg for this locality, a name only then coming into usage. This assumption is supported by the fact that he had access to the annals of many Burgundian churches. He also had access to court documents and could apparently interview
51:
The chronicle begins with the creation of the world and ends in AD 642. There are also a few references to events up to 658. Some copies of the manuscript contain an abridged version of the chronicle up to the date of 642, but include additional sections written under the
437:
Up to this point, the illustrious Count
Childebrand, uncle of the said King Pippin, took great pains to have this history or "geste" of the Franks recorded. What follows is by the authority of the illustrious Count Nibelung, Childebrand's
1373:, Denkschriften (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-Historische Klasse), 344. Band . Forschungen zur Geschichte des Mittelalters, vol. 12, Wien: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, pp. 87–103,
515:
Usque nunc inluster vir
Childebrandus comes, avunculus praedicto rege Pippino, hanc historiam vel gesta Francorum diligentissime scribere procuravit. Abhinc ab inlustre viro Nibelungo, filium ipsius Childebrando, itemque comite succedat
214:
was also the basis of the critical edition by Krusch published in 1888 and of the partial
English translation by Wallace-Hadrill published in 1960. Most of the other surviving manuscripts were copied in
461:
which occurs in the colophon mentioned above. He has suggested that one author was responsible for the text up to 751, and that a different author probably wrote the additional chapters.
104:
of this work confirms that the
Chronicle was written in Gaul; beyond this, little is certain about the origin of this work. As a result, there are several theories about the authorship:
295:. The remainder of the book contains a compendium of various chronological tables including a list of the Roman Emperors, a list of Judaic kings, a list of popes up to the accession of
1197:
Schwedler, Gerald (2013), "Lethe and 'Delete'—Disgarding the past in the early Middle Ages: the case of
Fredegar", in Goeing, Anja-Silvia; Grafton, Anthony; Michel, Paul (eds.),
1477:
1169:
88:
None of the surviving manuscripts specify the name of the author. The name "Fredegar" (modern French Frédégaire) was first used for the chronicle in 1579 by
1320:
1281:
1125:"Review of: Collins, Roger. Die Fredegar-Chronikon. Monumenta Germaniae Historica Studien und Texte vol. 44. Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 2007"
112:
343:
with several interpolations. Fredegar's source appears to have lacked the last four books of
Gregory's text and his narrative ends in 584.
303:. On the reverse of the folio containing the papal list is an ink drawing showing two people which according to Monod probably represent
1009:
Collins, Roger (2009b), "Historia vel Gesta Francorum", in Thomas, David Richard; Roggema, Barbara; Sala, Juan Pedro Monferrer (eds.),
368:
in 642. Book IV has been the most studied by historians as it contains information that is not present in other medieval sources.
1329:
Heydemann, Gerda (2006), "Zur Gestaltung der Rolle Brunhildes in merowingischer Historiographie", in Corradini, Richard (ed.),
880:
138:
In 1934, Siegmund Hellmann proposed a modification of Krusch's theory, arguing that the Chronicle was the work of two authors.
1378:
1338:
135:
critiqued Krusch's theory of multiple authorship and his protests were supported in 1928 by Marcel Bardot and Leon Levillain.
1436:
1369:
Reimitz, Helmut (2006), "The art of truth: Historiography and identity in the Frankish world", in Corradini, Richard (ed.),
108:
The original view, which was stated without argument as late as 1878, was that the Chronicle was written by a single person.
908:
1472:
1396:
1206:
1124:
1113:
1059:
1018:
999:
980:
191:
1467:
890:
421:
chronicle that ends in around 721. The second part (Chapters 11–33) covers the years up to 751. At this point a
279:
known. Some of the interpolations are used to weave a legend of a Trojan origin for the Franks through the chronicle.
190:
copy made in 715 by a Burgundian monk named Lucerius. This copy, the sole exemplar of a class 1 manuscript, is in the
990:
Collins, Roger (2009a), "Fredegar", in Thomas, David Richard; Roggema, Barbara; Sala, Juan Pedro Monferrer (eds.),
1457:
1417:[Historical sources of the German Middle ages: Pseudo-Fredegar] (in German). Bayerische Staatsbibliothek.
809:
203:
1174:
117:
1199:
Collectors' Knowledge: What Is Kept, What Is Discarded / Aufbewahren oder wegwerfen: wie Sammler entscheiden
918:
1431:
1256:
1151:
442:
The chronicle then continues for another twenty chapters covering events in Francia up to the year 768.
395:
Class 4 manuscripts are divided into three books. The first begins with a section based on the treatise
1028:
89:
248:
in 1568. He used MS Heidelberg University Palat. Lat. 864 as his text. The next published edition was
413:
18:
975:, Monumenta Germaniae Historica Studien und Texte, 44 (in German), Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung,
1462:
1188:Études critiques sur les sources de l'histoire mérovingienne. La Compilation dite de "Frédégaire"
319:
The first 49 chapters of the second book contain extracts from Jerome's Latin translation of the
400:
III. The third and final book consists of the 90 chapters of Fredegar's Book IV followed by the
365:
182:
The chronicle exists in over thirty manuscripts, which both Krusch and the English medievalist
199:
1217:
494:
422:
97:
121:, proposed that the Chronicle was the creation of three authors, a theory later accepted by
1387:
Wood, Ian N. (1994), "Fredegar´s Fables", in Scharer, Anton; Scheibelreiter, Georg (eds.),
1177:: Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum, Volume 2 Fredegarii et aliorum Chronica. Vitae sanctorum
819:
323:. The text includes some interpolations. The remaining chapters contains extracts from the
320:
1302:
1186:
482:
222:
48:. The author is unknown and the attribution to Fredegar dates only from the 16th century.
8:
292:
253:
69:
53:
1357:
1094:
1086:
449:
has argued that the text in the Class 4 manuscripts is sufficiently different from the
300:
1307:
Collection des mémoires relatifs à l'histoire de France: Histoire des Francs, Volume 2
1298:
1414:
1392:
1374:
1334:
1314:
1275:
1264:
1244:
1202:
1109:
1098:
1055:
1038:
1014:
995:
976:
392:
creating the false impression that the two parts originate from the same manuscript.
425:
is inserted in the text explaining that the writing of the chronicle was ordered by
274:
omissions, what these learned men have recounted at length in their five chronicles.
96:. The question of who wrote this work has been much debated, although the historian
1229:
1078:
353:
340:
245:
171:
73:
388:. Krusch in his critical edition, appends these extra chapters to the text of the
1441:
1422:
1170:"Chronicarum quae dicuntur Fredegarii Scholastici libri IV. cum Continuationibus"
1032:
361:
296:
236:
126:
122:
57:
426:
145:
renewed the notion of a single author, and this view is now generally accepted.
142:
1451:
1042:
446:
324:
207:
186:
group into five classes. The original chronicle is lost, but it exists in an
183:
132:
457:
that it should be considered a separate work. He has proposed the new title
1248:
174:
is also usually explained by the proximity of Burgundy to Byzantine Italy.
101:
1268:
1233:
430:
150:
1361:
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One group of manuscripts (Krusch's Class 4) contain a reworking of the
257:
1333:, Wien: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, pp. 73–85,
502:
1239:
Wallace-Hadrill, J. M. (1962), "Fredegar and the history of France",
287:
The initial 24 chapters of the first book are based on the anonymous
216:
22:
Pen drawing from the earliest manuscript which is believed to depict
1261:
The Fourth Book of the Chronicle of Fredegar: with its Continuations
1082:
100:
admits that "Fredegar" is a genuine, if unusual, Frankish name. The
1437:
The Fourth Book of the Chronicle of Fredegar with its Continuations
1348:
Lot, Ferdinand (1914), "Encore la chronique du Pseudo-Frédégaire",
418:
304:
163:
159:
154:
45:
23:
1415:"Geschichtsquellen des deutschen Mittelalters: Pseudo-Fredegarius"
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Neues Archiv der Gesellschaft für ältere deutsche Geschichtskunde
595:
411:
consists of three parts. The first ten chapters are based on the
381:
1011:
Christian-Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History (600-900)
992:
Christian-Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History (600-900)
308:
227:
187:
41:
27:
896:
722:
1069:
Goffart, Walter (1963), "The Fredegar Problem Reconsidered",
241:
167:
1241:
The Long-Haired Kings, and other studies in Frankish history
583:
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up to 768. These additional sections are referred to as the
698:
497:
on December 20, 2017. See the Library of Congress holding,
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844:
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797:
68:
is one of the few sources that provide information on the
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761:
335:
The third book contains excerpts from Books II–VI of the
535:
380:
followed by additional sections that describe events in
837:
483:
https://archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cc72579m
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1309:(in French), Paris: J.-L.-L. Brière, pp. 153–265
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prologue the author (traditionally Fredegar) writes:
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Scan of Codex Palatina latin 864 (Lorsch c. AD 800)
1179:(in Latin), Hannover: impensis bibliopolii Hahniani
662:
607:
1478:Chronicles containing universal histories in Latin
1136:Hellmann, Siegmund (1934), "Das Fredegarproblem",
1013:, Leiden, South Holland: Brill, pp. 293–294,
650:
631:
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40:is the conventional title used for a 7th-century
1449:
1201:, Leiden, South Holland: Brill, pp. 71–96,
356:that is copied, almost without change, from the
219:and date from the early ninth century or later.
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1034:Recueil des antiquitez gauloises et françoises
94:Recueil des antiquitez gauloises et françoises
1108:, London: Hambledon Press, pp. 319–354,
194:(MS Latin 10910) and is sometimes called the
1371:Text and Identities in the Early Middle Ages
1331:Text and Identities in the Early Middle Ages
1319:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1280:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
170:ambassadors. His awareness of events in the
149:Fredegar is usually assumed to have been a
1037:(in French), Paris: Chez Iacques du Puys,
291:which in turn is derived from the work of
1196:
850:
553:
493:The manuscript was made available on the
477:See the Bibliothèque nationale de France,
299:in 642 and Chapter 3 of the chronicle of
1152:"Die Chronicae des sogenannten Fredegar"
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44:chronicle that was probably written in
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1391:, Wien: Oldenbourg, pp. 359–366,
1257:Wallace-Hadrill, J. M., ed. and trans.
1167:
1149:
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1427:. Heidelberg, Universitätsbibliothek.
1389:Historiographie im frĂĽhen Mittelalter
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541:
433:. Wallace-Hadrill's translation is:
206:was prepared by the French historian
1222:Bulletin of the John Rylands Library
1218:"Fredegar and the history of France"
1243:, London: Methuen, pp. 71–94,
1123:Goffart, Walter (8 February 2009),
994:, Leiden: Brill, pp. 137–138,
503:https://www.loc.gov/item/2021668236
13:
1290:
364:. The book ends abruptly with the
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198:because it was once owned by the
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192:Bibliothèque nationale de France
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487:
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234:The first printed version, the
1216:Wallace-Hadrill, J.M. (1958),
1138:Historische Vierteljahrschrift
226:Chronicle mentions about tsar
177:
72:for the period after 591 when
1:
1175:Monumenta Germaniae Historica
1054:, Harlow, England: Longmans,
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352:interpolation on the life of
118:Monumenta Germaniae Historica
83:
1432:John Michael Wallace-Hadrill
1191:(in Latin), Paris: F. Vieweg
529:
459:Historia vel Gesta Francorum
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7:
1168:Krusch, Bruno, ed. (1888),
210:and published in 1885. The
56:that end with the death of
10:
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1473:7th-century books in Latin
963:
1468:7th-century history books
1303:"Chronique de Frédégaire"
1052:The age of Charles Martel
499:The Chronicle of Fredegar
414:Liber Historiae Francorum
115:, in his edition for the
1299:Guizot, François, trans.
1104:Goffart, Walter (1989),
464:
1185:Monod, Gabriel (1885),
1050:Fouracre, Paul (2000),
971:Collins, Roger (2007),
481:at the following site:
479:Frédégaire. Latin 10910
337:Decem Libri Historiarum
78:Decem Libri Historiarum
1458:7th century in Francia
1150:Krusch, Bruno (1882),
973:Die Fredegar-Chroniken
513:The Latin text reads:
440:
276:
231:
129:, and Wallace-Hadrill.
31:
1106:Rome's Fall and After
495:World Digital Library
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378:Chronicle of Fredegar
325:Chronicle of Hydatius
321:Chronicle of Eusebius
271:
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98:J. M. Wallace-Hadrill
62:Chronicle of Fredegar
37:Chronicle of Fredegar
21:
1234:10.7227/BJRL.40.2.10
903:Wallace-Hadrill 1958
780:Wallace-Hadrill 1958
729:Wallace-Hadrill 1958
717:Wallace-Hadrill 1958
705:Wallace-Hadrill 1960
602:Wallace-Hadrill 1960
590:Wallace-Hadrill 1960
240:, was published in
1129:The Medieval Review
877:, pp. 134–138.
806:, pp. 211–212.
782:, pp. 536–539.
719:, pp. 527–528.
604:, pp. xvi–xxv.
544:, p. 25 fn. 1.
455:Codex Claromontanus
390:Codex Claromontanus
212:Codex Claromontanus
200:Collège de Clermont
196:Codex Claromontanus
153:from the region of
70:Merovingian dynasty
54:Carolingian dynasty
1263:, London: Nelson,
1162:: 247–351, 421–516
451:Fredegar Chronicle
429:'s brother, Count
301:Isidore of Seville
289:Liber generationis
250:Antiquae Lectiones
232:
204:diplomatic edition
32:
1380:978-3-7001-3747-4
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764:
762:
754:
749:
743:, p. 16.
742:
737:
730:
725:
718:
713:
706:
701:
694:
689:
682:
677:
670:
665:
658:
653:
646:
641:
639:
637:
635:
627:
622:
615:
614:Hellmann 1934
610:
603:
598:
592:, p. xv.
591:
586:
579:
574:
568:, p. 16.
567:
562:
556:, p. 73.
555:
550:
543:
538:
534:
517:
510:
504:
500:
496:
490:
484:
480:
474:
470:
462:
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456:
452:
448:
447:Roger Collins
443:
439:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
415:
410:
409:Continuations
405:
403:
402:Continuations
398:
393:
391:
387:
386:Continuations
383:
379:
372:Continuations
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
346:
345:
344:
342:
338:
330:
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328:
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208:Gabriel Monod
205:
201:
197:
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189:
185:
184:Roger Collins
175:
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152:
144:
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133:Ferdinand Lot
131:
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119:
114:
110:
107:
106:
105:
103:
99:
95:
91:
81:
79:
75:
71:
67:
66:Continuations
63:
59:
55:
49:
47:
43:
39:
38:
30:, 715 AD
29:
25:
20:
16:
1435:
1423:
1388:
1370:
1353:
1349:
1330:
1306:
1260:
1240:
1225:
1221:
1198:
1187:
1173:
1159:
1155:
1141:
1137:
1128:
1105:
1074:
1070:
1051:
1033:
1010:
991:
972:
950:
938:
933:, p. 7.
926:
910:
898:
882:
870:
863:Goffart 1963
858:
832:Goffart 1963
827:
811:
804:Goffart 1963
799:
792:Goffart 1963
787:
775:
768:Goffart 1963
753:Goffart 1963
748:
736:
724:
712:
700:
688:
681:Goffart 1963
676:
669:Collins 2007
664:
652:
645:Goffart 2009
626:Goffart 1963
621:
609:
597:
585:
578:Fauchet 1579
573:
566:Collins 2007
561:
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336:
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318:
288:
286:
277:
272:
267:
249:
235:
233:
211:
202:in Paris. A
195:
181:
148:
116:
113:Bruno Krusch
102:Vulgar Latin
93:
87:
77:
65:
61:
60:in 768. The
50:
36:
35:
33:
15:
915:Krusch 1888
887:Krusch 1888
875:Krusch 1888
741:Krusch 1888
657:Krusch 1882
516:auctoritas.
431:Childebrand
178:Manuscripts
1452:Categories
917:, p.
889:, p.
818:, p.
816:Monod 1885
693:Monod 1885
542:Monod 1885
525:References
297:Theodore I
293:Hippolytus
258:Ingolstadt
151:Burgundian
84:Authorship
80:finishes.
1099:162319287
1043:862092071
530:Citations
419:Neustrian
264:Structure
260:in 1602.
217:Austrasia
141:In 1963,
64:with its
1362:40943537
1315:citation
1301:(1823),
1276:citation
1259:(1960),
1071:Speculum
1031:(1579),
820:25 fn. 1
423:colophon
331:Book III
305:Eusebius
254:Canisius
164:Visigoth
155:Avenches
111:In 1883
46:Burgundy
42:Frankish
24:Eusebius
1444:, 1960.
1249:1102824
1144:: 36–92
1091:2852450
964:Sources
453:of the
382:Francia
347:Book IV
315:Book II
160:Lombard
92:in his
1395:
1377:
1360:
1337:
1269:401901
1267:
1247:
1205:
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1097:
1089:
1058:
1041:
1017:
998:
979:
501:here:
309:Jerome
283:Book I
228:Dervan
188:uncial
168:Slavic
166:, and
76:' the
28:Jerome
1358:JSTOR
1095:S2CID
1087:JSTOR
465:Notes
242:Basel
1393:ISBN
1375:ISBN
1335:ISBN
1321:link
1282:link
1265:OCLC
1245:OCLC
1203:ISBN
1110:ISBN
1056:ISBN
1039:OCLC
1015:ISBN
996:ISBN
977:ISBN
438:son.
407:The
307:and
34:The
26:and
1354:115
1230:doi
1079:doi
919:182
891:168
360:by
339:by
256:at
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