242:
scripted the debut story before turning the feature over to him: "I never drew a script by French. Powell wrote the first one and I wrote the rest until I went into the service". Eisner, who has also said he was involved in
Blackhawk's initial writing, hedged the issue, saying, "Whether or not Chuck
237:
There he drew the first 11 stories of
Blackhawk, the creation of which is also vaguely recorded from the early days of comics, when proper writer-artist credits were not a standard feature. Though reference sources list Eisner as scripter of the first four Blackhawk stories and Dick French beginning
243:
Cuidera created or thought of
Blackhawk to begin with is unimportant the fact that Chuck Cuidera made Blackhawk what it was is the important thing, and therefore, he should get the credit". As the debut artist who designed the characters, Cuidera is confirmably at least the co-creator.
445:
100:
We had a whole bunch of phony names like Chuck's. We just handed them out with the salary. There was a period in comics beginning with the middle- to late-'30s when none of the artists owned their own drawings. They were hired by the publishers ... used what the
105:
used ā a thing called a house name. A fake name. So the publishers not only owned the comic strip, they owned the name , therefore the guy working for them couldn't lay a claim. That's how the name 'Charles
Nicholas'
739:
that, "Cuidera would claim to have created the character but the timing of its first appearance makes this assertion questionable, at best". Wojtkowski's family has supplied the online comics-artist encyclopedia the
486:(during 1942). Following World War II military service, he returned to Timely, where, beginning with comics cover-dated Spring 1946, he worked on a variety of stories and covers for
254:, which would become one of Crandall's signature features. Cuidera segued to work primarily on the Quality character Captain Triumph and later became the company's
794:
441:
tentatively credits Will Eisner as the scripter. His family has said
Wojtkowski "decided in the late 1930s to sell the rights to the character to raise money".
322:(1917ā1994) used the name Charles Nicholas during his fledgling days, in 1940, adopting that house pseudonym during his three-month run as artist of the
274:
Cuidera continued to work on the character for the new owner. Cuidera became the regular inker on a number of DC features and series, including
851:
211:, yet though he claimed, in his very late years, that he was the Charles Nicholas who created that character, comics historians credit
892:
1152:
1147:
212:
782:
416:(December 6, 1921 ā June 21, 1985) was an American comic book writer-artist best known as the credited creator of the
625:
190:(September 23, 1915 ā August 25, 2001), was an American comic book artist best known as the first illustrator of the
1142:
845:
672:
574:'s Contemporary Motivators series, a line of comic book adaptations of inspiring stories and morality tales like
1162:
1167:
864:
525:
17:
474:
1019:
703:
424:, which in various incarnations has continued through three comics companies and into the 21st century.
963:
953:
885:
582:
93:
74:
1157:
1119:
1094:
637:
588:
494:
841:
728:
668:
594:
301:
1057:
1032:
994:
488:
282:
551:. There he enjoyed a remarkable 23-year run as penciler on a single creative team, with inker
855:
633:
500:
438:
323:
227:
195:
46:
736:
1172:
999:
932:
878:
741:
8:
1037:
1027:
731:
panel, claimed he was the
Charles Nicholas who created the Blue Beetle. Comics historian
239:
66:
1114:
1108:
1067:
619:
548:
520:#21 (Winter 1946/47), featuring Timely/Marvel's first superhero team, the (hyphenated)
516:
433:
293:
diver, invented and sold a quick-release diver's weight belt, and also taught scuba in
219:
818:
576:
521:
450:
989:
714:
606:
231:
89:
62:
31:
1083:
699:
544:
223:
200:
765:
1047:
1042:
1004:
984:
571:
536:
511:
428:
191:
102:
1136:
641:
552:
463:
459:
247:
1062:
979:
937:
927:
833:
732:
660:
600:
567:
290:
255:
230:, where he drew Blue Beetle stories, he shortly afterward migrated to the
1101:
1009:
922:
917:
901:
629:
506:
421:
326:
267:
208:
85:
860:
837:
664:
458:
As
Charles Nicholas, Wojtkoski variously penciled and inked stories for
437:#1 (Aug. 1939), with art by Wojtkoski (as Charles Nicholas), though the
1088:
468:
417:
319:
313:
294:
204:#1ā11 (Aug. 1941 ā Aug. 1942). Cuidera was also an early artist of the
70:
54:
42:
96:, and himself a comics creator, recalled in 1999 that at his company,
1052:
613:
After
Charlton went defunct in the mid-1980s, Wojtkoski drew for the
529:
454:, vol. 3, #25 (Feb. 1986). Art by Charles Nicholas and Vince Alascia.
259:
205:
41:" is the pseudonymous house name of three early creators of American
958:
556:
263:
444:
276:
614:
238:
with issue #5, Cuidera said he created the character, and that
77:. The three creators are listed in order of birth year, below.
870:
848:
and Will Eisner), "P.O.V. Online" (column), September 8, 2000.
675:
and Will Eisner), "P.O.V. Online" (column), September 1, 2000.
69:
that created comics on demand for publishers entering the new
540:
271:
297:
466:, where his credits include the character The Defender in
27:
Pseudonyms of three early creators of
American comic books
783:"Charles Nicholas Stayed Busy After Charlton, Part 2 ā
744:
with documentation to support the
Wojtkowski credit.
543:, and spent the remainder of his career in-house at
222:, and after earning art scholarships graduated from
300:. He retired, and was a guest of honor at the 1999
1134:
215:, who also used the Charles Nicholas pseudonym.
886:
566:In 1978ā79, Wojtkoski drew comics for editor
559:. The art team would sometimes sign its work
893:
879:
752:
750:
737:his August 26, 2001 "P.O.V. Online" column
727:Cuidera, speaking on the above-referenced
689:Evanier, "POV Online", included full name.
431:in Fox Comics' superhero anthology series
88:, co-principal of the comic-book packager
780:
756:Evanier, "P.O.V. Online", August 26, 2001
814:
812:
443:
747:
14:
1135:
685:
683:
681:
524:; Nicholas penciled the cover and the
226:in 1939. Breaking into comic books at
874:
809:
797:from the original on October 13, 2016
262:the rights of Blackhawk in 1956, the
819:Charles Nicholas (Charles Wojtkoski)
555:(another Timely veteran) and writer
332:
61:(1921ā1985). The name originated at
30:For the former football player, see
781:Hartsfeld, Lee (January 20, 2015).
678:
604:; as well as a rough adaptation of
510:(where he drew the backup feature "
24:
25:
1184:
827:
286:, before leaving comics in 1970.
80:
110:
900:
472:#1 (Aug. 1941), and stories in
774:
759:
721:
692:
653:
535:Wojtkoski later worked on the
13:
1:
840:(transcript, part 2, of 1999
667:(transcript, part 1, of 1999
647:
448:Detail from Charlton Comics'
307:
1048:Doctor Polaris (John Nichol)
867:. Archived October 25, 2011.
528:chapter, and inked penciler
329:version of the Blue Beetle.
7:
821:at the Lambiek Comiclopedia
704:Social Security Death Index
632:, as well as for the first
563:, as in the panel at left.
462:, the 1940s predecessor of
10:
1189:
1153:Silver Age comics creators
1148:Golden Age comics creators
865:Don Markstein's Toonopedia
414:Charles Nicholas Wojtkoski
348:Charles Nicholas Wojtkoski
311:
250:had become established on
246:During Cuidera's absence,
29:
1076:
1018:
972:
946:
908:
401:
391:
381:
373:
361:
344:
339:
169:
159:
151:
139:
122:
117:
94:Golden Age of comic books
75:Golden Age of comic books
184:Charles Nicholas Cuidera
126:Charles Nicholas Cuidera
1143:American comics artists
842:Comic-Con International
766:Grand Comics Database:
729:Comic-Con International
669:Comic-Con International
659:Will Eisner, quoted in
623:and for Marvel Comics'
595:The Diary of Anne Frank
318:Future industry legend
302:Comic-Con International
92:during the 1930sā1940s
73:during the 1930sā1940s
561:Nicholas & Alascia
489:Captain America Comics
480:Tough Kid Squad Comics
455:
283:The Brave and the Bold
108:
1163:Collective pseudonyms
973:Supporting characters
856:Grand Comics Database
514:"), and the landmark
501:Marvel Mystery Comics
482:#1 (March 1942), and
447:
439:Grand Comics Database
324:Fox Feature Syndicate
228:Fox Feature Syndicate
98:
47:Fox Feature Syndicate
1168:Marvel Comics people
742:Lambiek Comiclopedia
735:, however, wrote in
700:"Charles N. Cuidera"
258:. When Quality sold
67:comic book packagers
1028:Brotherhood of Evil
838:"Blackhawk, Part 2"
665:"Blackhawk, Part 1"
626:The Incredible Hulk
475:Young Allies Comics
218:Cuidera grew up in
65:, one of the first
1109:Mystery Men Comics
768:Mystery Men Comics
583:God Is My Co-Pilot
549:Derby, Connecticut
517:All Winners Comics
507:Sub-Mariner Comics
495:Human Torch Comics
478:#1 (Summer 1941),
456:
434:Mystery Men Comics
220:Newark, New Jersey
213:Charles Wojtkowski
194:aviator character
135:September 23, 1915
1130:
1129:
589:Guadalcanal Diary
577:Banner in the Sky
539:jungle character
532:'s lead chapter.
522:All-Winners Squad
451:The Iron Corporal
411:
410:
340:Charles Wojtkoski
333:Charles Wojtkoski
289:Cuidera, an avid
232:Eisner & Iger
181:
180:
90:Eisner & Iger
63:Eisner & Iger
59:Charles Wojtkoski
57:(1917ā1994), and
16:(Redirected from
1180:
1077:Related articles
913:Charles Nicholas
895:
888:
881:
872:
871:
822:
816:
807:
806:
804:
802:
791:Lee's Comic Rack
778:
772:
763:
757:
754:
745:
725:
719:
718:
715:FamilySearch.org
712:
710:
702:. United States
696:
690:
687:
676:
657:
638:children's books
427:The Blue Beetle
397:Charles Nicholas
394:
384:
368:
357:December 6, 1921
356:
354:
337:
336:
186:, also known as
162:
146:
134:
132:
115:
114:
49:and Fox Comics:
39:Charles Nicholas
32:Charlie Nicholas
21:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1158:Charlton Comics
1133:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1084:Charlton Comics
1072:
1014:
968:
942:
904:
899:
861:The Blue Beetle
830:
825:
817:
810:
800:
798:
779:
775:
764:
760:
755:
748:
726:
722:
708:
706:
698:
697:
693:
688:
679:
658:
654:
650:
545:Charlton Comics
404:
392:
382:
366:
352:
350:
349:
335:
316:
310:
224:Pratt Institute
201:Military Comics
172:
160:
144:
143:August 25, 2001
130:
128:
127:
113:
83:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1186:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1112:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1043:Doctor Alchemy
1040:
1035:
1030:
1024:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1005:Traci Thirteen
1002:
997:
992:
987:
985:Justice League
982:
976:
974:
970:
969:
967:
966:
961:
956:
950:
948:
944:
943:
941:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
909:
906:
905:
898:
897:
890:
883:
875:
869:
868:
858:
849:
829:
828:External links
826:
824:
823:
808:
773:
770:#1 (Aug. 1939)
758:
746:
720:
691:
677:
651:
649:
646:
642:coloring books
572:Pendulum Press
537:Fawcett Comics
512:Blonde Phantom
429:first appeared
409:
408:
405:
402:
399:
398:
395:
389:
388:
387:Writer, Artist
385:
379:
378:
375:
371:
370:
369:(aged 63)
363:
359:
358:
346:
342:
341:
334:
331:
312:Main article:
309:
306:
192:Quality Comics
179:
178:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
157:
156:
153:
149:
148:
147:(aged 85)
141:
137:
136:
124:
120:
119:
112:
109:
103:pulp magazines
82:
81:Origin of name
79:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1185:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
977:
975:
971:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
951:
949:
945:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
910:
907:
903:
896:
891:
889:
884:
882:
877:
876:
873:
866:
862:
859:
857:
853:
850:
847:
846:Chuck Cuidera
843:
839:
835:
834:Evanier, Mark
832:
831:
820:
815:
813:
801:September 16,
796:
792:
788:
786:
777:
771:
769:
762:
753:
751:
743:
738:
734:
730:
724:
716:
705:
701:
695:
686:
684:
682:
674:
673:Chuck Cuidera
670:
666:
662:
661:Evanier, Mark
656:
652:
645:
643:
639:
635:
631:
628:
627:
622:
621:
616:
611:
609:
608:
603:
602:
597:
596:
591:
590:
585:
584:
579:
578:
573:
569:
564:
562:
558:
554:
553:Vince Alascia
550:
546:
542:
538:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
518:
513:
509:
508:
503:
502:
497:
496:
491:
490:
485:
484:Comedy Comics
481:
477:
476:
471:
470:
465:
464:Marvel Comics
461:
460:Timely Comics
453:
452:
446:
442:
440:
436:
435:
430:
425:
423:
419:
415:
406:
403:Notable works
400:
396:
390:
386:
380:
376:
372:
365:June 21, 1985
364:
360:
347:
343:
338:
330:
328:
325:
321:
315:
305:
303:
299:
296:
292:
287:
285:
284:
279:
278:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
248:Reed Crandall
244:
241:
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
216:
214:
210:
207:
203:
202:
197:
193:
189:
188:Chuck Cuidera
185:
177:
174:
171:Notable works
168:
164:
158:
154:
150:
142:
138:
125:
121:
118:Chuck Cuidera
116:
111:Chuck Cuidera
107:
104:
97:
95:
91:
87:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
53:(1915ā2001),
52:
51:Chuck Cuidera
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
18:Chuck Cuidera
1107:
1100:
1093:
1063:Maxwell Lord
1000:The Question
980:Booster Gold
938:Cully Hamner
928:Keith Giffen
912:
799:. Retrieved
790:
784:
776:
767:
761:
733:Mark Evanier
723:
713:– via
707:. Retrieved
694:
655:
634:Transformers
624:
618:
612:
605:
601:Lost Horizon
599:
593:
587:
581:
575:
568:Vincent Fago
565:
560:
534:
526:Miss America
515:
505:
499:
493:
487:
483:
479:
473:
467:
457:
449:
432:
426:
413:
412:
393:Pseudonym(s)
367:(1985-06-21)
317:
288:
281:
275:
256:art director
251:
245:
236:
217:
199:
187:
183:
182:
175:
145:(2001-08-25)
99:
84:
58:
50:
38:
36:
1173:Blue Beetle
1102:Injustice 2
1095:Blue Beetle
1010:Teen Titans
964:Jaime Reyes
954:Dan Garrett
933:John Rogers
923:Steve Ditko
918:Will Eisner
902:Blue Beetle
844:panel with
671:panel with
630:comic strip
422:Blue Beetle
407:Blue Beetle
374:Nationality
327:comic strip
268:Dick Dillin
209:Blue Beetle
152:Nationality
86:Will Eisner
43:comic books
1137:Categories
1120:Soundtrack
1089:Fox Comics
1058:Manhunters
1033:Calculator
995:Peacemaker
947:Characters
648:References
636:hardcover
469:USA Comics
420:character
418:Fox Comics
353:1921-12-06
320:Jack Kirby
314:Jack Kirby
308:Jack Kirby
295:New Jersey
240:Bob Powell
131:1915-09-23
55:Jack Kirby
1068:Overthrow
1053:Lady Styx
852:Blackhawk
785:Star Wars
617:magazine
607:Star Wars
530:Al Avison
266:by then,
260:DC Comics
252:Blackhawk
206:superhero
196:Blackhawk
176:Blackhawk
959:Ted Kord
795:Archived
787:(1978)!"
709:March 2,
557:Joe Gill
377:American
264:penciler
155:American
106:started.
45:for the
1038:Chronos
1020:Enemies
854:at the
620:Cracked
615:satiric
383:Area(s)
277:Hawkman
161:Area(s)
598:, and
270:, and
234:shop.
165:Artist
71:medium
541:Nyoka
298:YMCAs
291:scuba
272:inker
198:, in
1115:Film
990:Paco
803:2016
711:2013
640:and
362:Died
345:Born
280:and
140:Died
123:Born
863:at
570:on
547:in
1139::
836:.
811:^
793:.
789:.
749:^
680:^
663:,
644:.
610:.
592:,
586:,
580:,
504:,
498:,
492:,
304:.
894:e
887:t
880:v
805:.
717:.
355:)
351:(
133:)
129:(
37:"
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.