2071::57) "The ruins of two forts in Lohit district of Arunachal Pradesh is said to be the remains of Bhīṣmaka's city, viz. Bhismaknagar (sk. Bhīṣmakanagara): one ruin about 16 miles northwest of Sadiya at the foot of the hills between the rivers Dikrang and Dibang is known as the fort of Bhīṣmaka, and the other about 24 miles north of Sadiya between the gorges of those two rivers is believed to be the fort of Śiśupāla. Based on an inscribed brick with the name of Śrīśrī-Lakṣmīnārāyaṇa, discovered from the ruins of the forts in Bhismaknagar, it is assumed that Chutiya king Lakṣmīnārāyaṇa of the early fifteenth century had his capital in the area. The paleographical analysis of the inscription supports this dating."
1692:
2681:"The following list of rulers of the Chutiyãs is given in one of the two short chronicles of them incorporated by Dr. S. K. Bhuyan in his Deodhäi Asam Burañji from an old manuscript published by William Robinson in the Baptist journal, Orunodoi, December 1850. It very nearly corroborates a similar list in the vamsävali obtained by Kellner from Amrtanãrãyana of a Chutiyã princely family. Even Kellner considered this chronology apocryphal (Brown, op. cit., p. 83 ). It is not yet known for certain when at all such lists were prepared, but at the moment it is not possible to ascribe them to a date earlier than the 19th century. The dates given in the lists do not thus have historical moorings." (
1680:
1646:, was searching for a place to settle in Upper Assam, he and his followers did not encounter any resistance from the Chutia state, implying that the Chutia state must have been of little significance till at least the mid 14th century, when the Ahom chronicles mention them for the first time. However, it is also known that the Ahoms themselves were a people with a precariously small territory and population, which may indicate this absence of serious interaction with the old settled people of the neighborhood until the 14th century. At its largest extent, the Chutia influence might have extended up to Viswanath in the present
3043:"Though the geographical extent of these rulers' power is not yet known in detail, according to Neog, the present-day North Lakhimpur district of Assam, which covers the find sites of most inscriptions, perhaps formed a part of their political dominion. If architectural continuity is admitted between the fortifications in the Sadiya region and the Burai river ruin site, it would be possible to believe that the kingdom of these rulers extended as far as the outer limit of Darrang district, to the westernmost extent of which Ahom conquerors settled the vanquished Chutiyas in the early part of the sixteenth century." (
2331:"The first confrontation between the Ahoms and the Chutiyas as a political power is mentioned in some chronicles such as the Deodhai Asam Buranji only during the reign of Ahom king Sutupha (1369–76), about a hundred years after the death of Sukapha. It is more likely that if there was a Chutiya state at this time, it was of little significance until the second half of the fourteenth century...There seems no serious interaction between the Ahoms and old settled people of the neighborhood including the Chutiyas until the fourteenth century as both the Ahom territory and its population remained precariously small."(
59:
2357:"According to the Dhenukhana copper plate inscription of Satyanārāyaṇa and Pratyakṣanārāyaṇa, dated 1314 Śaka (1392 AD), king Nandin (or Nandi), a great hero of many virtues, was the lord of Sadhayāpurī (sadhayāpurīśa), and Daivakī, Nandin's wife, was continuously accomplishing good deeds. Auspicious Satyanārāyaṇa had his origin in Daivakī's womb, 'forming part of the lineage of the enemy of the gods' (suraripu-vaṃśāṃśa-bhūto), making the uplift of the burden of the earth. Neog interprets 'the lineage of the enemy of the gods' as the asura dynasty"(
2534:'According to E.A. Gait, "The religion of the Chutiyas was a curious one. They worshipped various forms of Kali with the aid not of the Brahmanas but of their own tribal priests or Deoris. The favorite form in which they worshipped this deity was that of Kesai-khati 'the eater of raw flesh' to whom human sacrifices were offered. After their subjugation by the Ahoms, the Deoris were permitted to continue their ghastly rites; but they were usually given for this purpose, criminals who have been sentenced to capital punishment..."' (
3030:"It must be noted, however, that the word 'khā' of Tai-Ahom language, which is usually prefixed to names of non-Ahom people practicing shifting cultivation, does not appear for the Chutiyas, probably because they were neither stateless nor were they solely shifting cultivators in the early phase of Ahom rule. There seems no serious interaction between the Ahoms and old settled people of the neighborhood including the Chutiyas until the fourteenth century as both the Ahom territory and its population remained precariously small."(
1796:. Besides the material assets and territories, the Ahoms also took possession of the people according to their professions. Many of Brahmans, Kayasthas, Kalitas, and Daivajnas (the caste Hindus), as well as the artisans such as bell-metal workers, goldsmiths, blacksmiths, and others, were moved to the Ahom capital and this movement greatly increased the admixture of the Chutia and Ahom populations. A sizeable section of the population was also displaced from their former lands and dispersed in other parts of Upper Assam.
77:
604:
5378:
2240:"It must be noted, however, that the word 'khā' of Tai-Ahom language, which is usually prefixed to names of non-Ahom people practicing shifting cultivation, does not appear for the Chutiyas, probably because they were neither stateless nor were they solely shifting cultivators in the early phase of Ahom rule. There seems no serious interaction between the Ahoms and old settled people of the neighborhood including the Chutiyas until the fourteenth century." (
2344:"On the basis of these records, Neog reconstructed a line of kings ruling this region as follows: Nandin (or Nandīśvara), Satyanārāyaṇa (or Ratnanārāyaṇa), Lakṣmīnārāyaṇa, Durlabhanārāyaṇa, Dharmanārāyaṇa, Pratyakṣanārāyaṇa and Yaśanārāyaṇa (or Yamanārāyaṇa). Furthermore, it is fairly certain from the dates available in the inscriptions that Nandin and Satyanārāyaṇa ruled Sadhayāpurī in the latter half of the fourteenth century." (
3452:"The Chutiyas were engaged in all kinds of technical jobs of the Ahom kingdom. For example, the Khanikar Khel (guild of engineers) was always manned by the Chutiyas. The Jaapi-Hajiya Khel (guild for making Jaapis) was also monopolised by them. The Chutiyas being expert warrior knew the use of matchlocks. After their subjugation, the Chutiyas were, therefore engaged in manufacturing matchlocks and they became prominent in the
3988:
2430:"Furthermore, it is fairly certain from the dates available in the inscriptions that Nandin and Satyanārāyaṇa ruled Sadhayāpurī in the latter half of the fourteenth century, while Lakṣmīnārāyaṇa belonged to the beginning, and Dharmanārāyaṇa to the middle of the fifteenth century. It is also nearly clear that Sadhayāpurī (or Svadhayāpurī) mentioned in the inscriptions is the same as Sadhiyā or Sadiya of later times." (
5279:
2733:"We seek to identify Satyanãrãyana of Sadhayãpuri of Dhenukhanã, Ghilãmarã, and Barmurtiyã-bil plates with Ratnanãrãyana of Kamatãpura of the Sadiyã-Chepã-khowã plate, as Dharmanãrãyana is described as Satyanäräyana's son in the Barmurtiyã-bil plate and as Ratnanârâyana's son in the Sadiyã-Chepãkhowâ plate, and, as already pointed out, more than one name seems to have been assumed by the kings of this region. (
1763:
king attacked the fort at Dibru but was routed. The Ahom king with the assistance of the
Bhuyans hotly pursued the retreating Chutia king who sued for peace. The peace overtures failed and the king finally fell to Ahom forces, bringing an end to the Chutia kingdom. Though some late spurious manuscripts mention the fallen king as Nitipal (or Chandranarayan) the extant records from the Buranjis such as the
914:
2567:"There are various accounts and succession lists of the rulers of the Chutiyãs (I do not call them Chutiyã kings precisely because in these accounts they are not described as Chutiyãs except the last one of them) with dates also assigned to their reign, but these accounts are too much at variance with one another to deserve serious consideration as being of proper historical value." (
2124:"The period from the 13th to the 16th century saw the emergence and development of a large number of tribal political formations in northeast India. The Chutiya, the Tai-Ahom, the Koch, the Dimasa (Kachari), the Tripuri, the Meithei (Manipuri), the Khasi (Khyriem), and the Pamar (Jaintia)—all these tribes crystallised into rudimentary state formations by the 15th century." (
2054:"Their kingdom called Sadiya extended in the north over the entire region from the Sisi in the west to the Brahmaputra in the east. The hills and the river Buri Dihing formed its northern and southern boundaries respectively. Thus the Chutiya territory extended over almost the entire region of present districts of Lakhimpur, Dhemaji, Tinsukia, and some parts of Dibrugarh." (
2694:" It is not known for sure when the story of Birpal was made nor when the list of kings was prepared; but at the moment, it is not possible for a scholar like Neog to ascribe them a date earlier than the nineteenth century. Scholars, therefore, questioned the accuracy of the historical information in these accounts and showed great disdain for the related legends.(
3004:"The Assamese chronicles while recording the route of Sukapha across the Patkai hills till he reached Charaideo in the southeastern corner of the present Sibsagar district through the courses of the rivers Dihing, Brahmaputra and Dikhow do not mention a Chutiya state that offered any kind of resistance to the advancing forces of Sukapha." (
2609:"his so-called ancient chronicle might have been a later work of some members of the Chutiya aristocracy, as is possibly an attempt to legitimize the claims of the Chutiyas over a part of Assam during the establishment of the Matak kingdom at the beginning of the 19th century (1805) or after the Ahom power was abolished." (
3425:
where they were asked to build knives, daggers, swords, guns, and cannons. Saikias and
Hazarikas were recruited among them to look after their work. It was only during this period that the work and trade of the blacksmith guild started in the kingdom. During the time of Dihingia raja, there were three thousand Blacksmiths."
3111:"Rajadhara had a younger brother, Gandhara Bar-bhuya who did not settle in the Bardowa region, but collected a fairly large army and started on a expedition against the Khamtis and Chutiyas but he was foiled by the tribal chiefs and, retracing his steps, he settled at Nambarbhang (the modern Makhibaha)"(
1859:
being one of them. As per
Maniram Dewan, the Ahom king Suhungmung received around three thousand blacksmiths after defeating the Chutias. These people were settled in the Bosa (Doyang) and Ujoni regions and asked to build iron implements like knives, daggers, swords as well as guns and cannons. The
1437:
compiled a list of rulers from epigraphic records based crucially on identifying the donor-ruler named
Dharmanarayan, mentioned as the son of Satyanarayana in the Bormurtiya grant with the Dharmanarayan, the father of the donor-ruler Durlabhnarayana of the Chepakhowa grant. This effectively results
1762:
In 1520 the
Chutias attacked the Ahom fort Mungkhrang twice and in the second killed the commander and occupied it, but the Ahoms, led by Phrasengmung and King-lung attacked it by land and water and recovered it soon and erected an offensive fort on the banks of the Dibru River. In 1523 the Chutia
3424:
Maniram Dewan, p.287. "After defeating the Chutia king and his minister
Kasitora, Suhungmung or Dihingia Swarganarayan, apart from Dola, Kali,..., Cannons and Gunpowder, brought a great number of Blacksmiths as prisoners. These were settled at Bosha and the Ujoni regions; and smithies were set up
1253:
Though there is no doubt on the Chutia polity, the origins of this kingdom are obscure. It is generally held that the
Chutias established a state around Sadiya and contiguous areas—though it is believed that the kingdom was established in the 13th century before the advent of the
2417:"The eastern region, whether it is called Sadhaya or Svadhaya as in the plates or Sadhiya or Sadiya as in Assamese chronicles and the western region of Kamatapura seems to be politically connected and the same Satyanarayana/Ratnanarayana might have held sway over both regions"(
2469:"Vaiṣṇava brahmins seemed to play an important role in the making of both the royal lineages defined as 'demonic'; and ... this demonic maternal ancestry was the way to accommodate the local ruling families in the Brahmanical social hierarchy, but only in a lower position." (
3344:) prisoners and settled them either at Bosa (in present-day Jorhat district) or Ujjoni regions...It was only during the time of Suhungmung that the guild of blacksmiths and its trade started in Assam (Ahom kingdom). There were three thousand blacksmiths during this period."
3439:) suggest that firearms were employed before this time. In 1505 or 1523, after having subdued the Chutiya, who dwelled in the region between Tibet and Assam, the Ahoms acquired firearms from them. The Chutiya may have received gunpowder technology from Tibet as well."(
2391:"The epigraphic record of Satyanārāyaṇa, whose lineage is named in reference to his maternal uncle, is therefore significant. It may constitute evidence of matrilineality of the Sadiya-based Chutiya ruling family, or that their system was not exclusively patrilineal."(
1430:
provide the history of the Chutia kingdom; though some sections of these compilations are old, the sections that contain the list of
Chutiya rulers cannot be traced to earlier than 19th century and scholars have shown great disdain for these accounts and legends.
1241:. It is not exactly known as to the system of agriculture adopted by the Chutias, but it is believed that they were settled cultivators. After the Ahoms annexed the kingdom in 1523, the Chutia state & its population was absorbed into the Ahom kingdom through
3382:"(M)entions the capture of large quantity of fire arms from the Chutiyas. Hiteswar Barbarua• Ahomar Din, publication Board;Assam Guwahati 1981.p.450, mentions the capture of the best Chutiya cannon (Mitha Hulung Tup) after defeating them in 1523."(
1791:
The Ahom kingdom took complete possession of the royal insignia and other assets of the erstwhile kingdom. The rest of the royal family was dispersed, the nobles were disbanded and the territory was placed under the newly created office of the
3237:) do not mention the name of Nitipal alias Chandranarayan. These sources ascribe the event to the reign of Dhirnarayan and state that in the final clash both the Chutiya king (Dhirnarayan) and the prince (Sadhaknarayan) were killed." (
2969:"But as L. Devi points out, if at all the Ahoms spared the life of the Chutiya prince then the latter might have been established not at Nowgong, which was yet to be conquered by the Ahoms but on the north bank near about Mangaldai." (
1417:
from
Burmese sources, relates an alternative legend of Asambhinna. These different legends suggest that the genealogical claims of the Chutias have changed over time and that these are efforts to construct (and reconstruct) the past.
2942:
do not mention the name of
Nitipal alias Chandranarayan. These sources ascribe the event to the reign of Dhirnarayan and state that in the final clash both the Chutia king (Dhirnarayan) and the prince (Sadhaknarayan) were killed."
3263:"Besides, the items of Chutiya aristocracy like the Danda-Chhatra (royal umbrella), Arwan, Kekura-dola (Palaquin), embroidered-japi etc. were adopted by the Ahoms. The Chutiya kingdom had also several salt-springs at places like
1276:
in his mother's side who were "enemies of the gods". The mention of Satyanarayana as having the shape of his maternal uncle (which is also an indirect reference to the same Asura/Daitya lineage) may also constitute evidence of
2886::124) "The plate discovered in 2001 identifies Yamkadnarayana or Yasamanarayana as the grandfather(pitamah) of Dhirnarayana. It is possible that this king was the same as Yasanarayana or Yamanarayana of the Dhenukhana plate."
2788:"Dr. D. C. Sircar seeks to read the name of the king as 'Muktãdharmanãrãyana' which may really have been 'yuvã-Dharmanãrãyana' contrasting well with the reference to the bṛddharãja' in the first line of the inscription." (
3150:"He annexed Habung in 1512, a Chutiya dependency until then. Thereafter the whole of the Hinduized Chutiya Kingdom and parts of the present Nowgong district then ruled severally by baro-bhuyans and the Dimasa king,.."(
2635:"What can be said for sure is that the genealogical claims of the Chutiyas changed in the course of time, and the related legend reflects a difference in the way the Chutiyas construct (or reconstruct) their past." (
2482:"Though it is not clear whether the asura lineage of Chutiya ruling family had a historical connection with this earlier tradition of Kāmarūpa, there are some common points between the two genealogical claims..." (
2097:
Dihingia Rāja (1497–1539), conquered their kingdom and annexed it to his sphere of influence. A new officer of Ahom state, known as Sadiya Khowa Gohain, was appointed to administer the area ruled by the Chutiyas."
3929:
2856:"In the Dhenukhanã plate two later kings seem to have added postscripts to the original inscription of 1314 Šaka. They are Pratyaksanãrãyana and Yasanãrãyana or Yamanãrãyana. No dates are associated with them." (
1269:
The earliest Chutia king in the epigraphic records is Nandin or Nandisvara, from the latter half of the 14th century, mentioned in a grant by his son Satyanarayana who nevertheless draws his royal lineage from
1759:). This fort was attacked by a force led by the Ahom king himself leading to a rout of the Chutia soldiers. This was followed by the Ahoms erecting a fort at Mungkhrang, which fell within the Chutia territory.
1392:
Unfortunately, there are many manuscript accounts of the origin and lineage that do not agree with each other or with the epigraphic records and therefore have no historical moorings. One such source is
2720:"An attempt might perhaps be made to correlate all these finds into the reconstruction of a line of kings ruling in this region. If we consider Dharmanãrãyana of the epigraphs , and as the same..." (
2456:"They had definitely come under Brahminical influence during the late fourteenth and early fifteenth century, as is borne out by the evidence of their landgrants in favour of Brahmana beneficiaries"(
2508:" The Pãyã-Tãmresvari (Dikkaravãsiní) temple inscription announces that King Dharmanãrãyana raised in 1364 Šaka a wall (prãkãra) around the temple of Dikkaravãsiní, popularly known as Tãmresvari." (
1755:
while according to Amalendu Guha, it was a Chutia dependency. In 1513 a border conflict triggered the Chutia king Dhirnarayan to advance to Dikhowmukh and build a stockade of banana trees (
1630:
The extent of the power of the kings of the Chutia kingdom is not known in detail. Nevertheless, it is estimated by most modern scholarship that Chutias held the areas on the north bank of
2374:
lineage is not explicitly explained in the inscription, but the two statements that his mother is 'Daivakī' and he has 'the shape of a maternal uncle (who was) given the name of Daitya'(
1771:
do not mention him; rather they mention that the king (Dhirnarayan) and the prince (Sadhaknarayan) were killed. As a reward for the assistance, the Ahom king settled this Bhuyans in
1351:
dynasties, the precise historical connection is not clear. Although a majority of the Brahmin donees of the royal grants were Vaishnavas, the rulers patronized the non-brahmanised
2762:"It is, however, fairly certain from the dates available in the epigraphs that King Nandisvara and Satyanarayana ruled in Sadhayapuri in the last half of the 14th century A.D." (
2322::fn.16) "The prefix Kha does not appear in the Tai words for the Dimasa and the Chutiya, probably because they were neither stateless, nor-were they solely shifting cultivators."
1638:(present-day Arunachal Pradesh) in the east and included the present districts of Lakhimpur, Dhemaji, Tinsukia and some parts of Dibrugarh in Assam. Between 1228 and 1253 when
1335:
reached the Chutia polity in the eastern extremity of present-day Assam during the late fourteenth century. Vaishnava Brahmins created lineages for the rulers with references to
3883:
Shin, Jae-Eun (2020). "Descending from demons, ascending to kshatriyas: Genealogical claims and political process in pre-modern Northeast India, The Chutiyas and the Dimasas".
3069:"In the main, however, their territory was confined to the river valleys of the Suvansiri, Brahmaputra, Lohit, and the Dihing and hardly extended to the hills at its zenith." (
2840:"The Sadiyã-Chepãkhowã copperplate grant of King (Durlabha-)nãrãyana, son of Dharmanãrãyana and grandson of Ratnanãrãyana originally of Kamatãpura, dated 1350 Šaka/1428 AD." (
2404:"Ratnanãrãyana is called the king of Kamatãpura and his grandson Durlabhanãrãyana is described as giving lands under the administration of the Governor of Häbunga province." (
2080:"In the main, however, their territory was confined to the river valleys of the Suvansiri, Brahmaputra, Lohit, and the Dihing and hardly extended to the hills at its zenith."(
3913:
3615:
3307:"(T)he outer limit of Darrang district, in the western-most extent of which Ahom conquerors settled the vanquished Chutiyas in the early part of the sixteenth century."(
2279:"he Chutiya kingdom consisted of a vast plan level and fertile territory which provided for the Ahoms possibility of easy extension of wet rice culture in the region." (
3789:
Nath, D (2013), "State Formation in the Peripheral Areas: A Study of the Chutiya Kingdom in the Brahmaputra Valley", in Bhattarcharjee, J B; Syiemlieh, David R (eds.),
579:
1724:(1380–1387) led an expedition against the Chutiya kingdom but returned with no success. During the same era (late 14th century) Gadadhara, the younger brother of
2956:"Suhunmung then deported the Chutiya nobles and the prince Sadhaknarayan to his kingdom and established the later at Darrang with grants of land and labourers."(
1978:
1951:
3357::8) In 1525, Suhungmung proceeded in person to the Dihing country and appointed officers to administer the frontier provinces of Habung, Dihing, and Banlung.
1237:, between the 13th and the 16th century. Among these, the Chutia state was the most advanced, with its rural industries, trade, surplus economy and advanced
1751:, the Ahom king, followed an expansionist policy and annexed Habung and Panbari in either 1510 or 1512, which, according to Swarnalata Baruah, was ruled by
5405:
4005:
1940:
1245:— the nobility and the professional classes were given important positions in the Ahom officialdom and the land was resettled for wet rice cultivation.
2443:"These records suggest the penetration of Vaiṣṇava tradition in the eastern extremity of present Assam between the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries"(
1266:
chronicles, indicate the presence of a Chutia state the evidence is scarce that it was of any significance before the second half of the 14th century.
4120:
2111:"It is more likely that if there was a Chutiya state at this time, it was of little significance until the second half of the fourteenth century." (
1679:
1691:
5410:
2150:"Indeed it appears that of all the tribes of the Brahmaputra valley, the Chutiyas were the most advanced and had a well-developed civilization."(
2827:"Pãyã-Tãmresvari (Dikkaravãsini) temple wall inscription of King Dharmanãrãyana, son-regent of Brddharãja (Old King), dated 1364 Šaka/1442 AD" (
2921:"Regarding the fate of the Chutia prince Sadhaknarayan and the identity of the Chutia king killed by the Ahoms in 1523-24, opinions differ." (
1285:. On the other hand, a later king Durlabhnarayana mentions that his grandfather Ratnanarayana (identified with Satyanarayana) was the king of
4749:
3137:"Both Habung and Panbari, neighbouring it, which was also, presumably ruled by a Bhuyan, were subjugated and annexed to the Ahom kingdom." (
2908:"The most developed of the tribes in the 15th century were the Chutiyas. Their kingdom was annexed and absorbed by the Tai-Ahoms by 1523." (
1413:
around 1805—or after the end of Ahom rule in 1826. This document relates the legend of Birpal. Yet another Assamese document, retrieved by
1618:
mention that in the final battles and the aftermath both the king (Dhirnarayan) and the heir-apparent (Sadhaknarayan) were killed; whereas
3753:
2775:"Dhenukhanã copperplate grant of King Satyanãrãyana, son of Nandi, Nandisara or Nandivara, of Sadhayâpurï or Svadhayãpuri, dated 1392." (
2188:"(T)he Chutias, who held power by regulating the easterly trade and migration of people to and from Tibet, Southern China, and Assam." (
58:
5227:
1847:
The Chutias may have been the first people in Assam to use firearms. When the Ahoms annexed Sadiya, they recovered hand-cannons called
2009:"In the past, there was a kingdom in Upper Assam that the Ahom chronicles called Tiora and the Assamese chronicles called Chutiya." (
880:
1906:
3606:
1860:
Chutias were defeated in 1523 which might point out that the Ahoms learned the use of gunpowder from the Chutias and most of the
1217:
The Chutia kingdom came into prominence in the second half of the 14th century, and it was one among several rudimentary states (
1149:
1728:
and a descendent of Candivara in order to expand his influence collected a large army at Borduwa and attacked the Chutiyas and
3324::287) Dewanar Atla: "Suhungmung or Swarganarayan, after defeating Dhirnarayana and his minister Kasitora, received a number of
2038:"(T)he Chutiyas seem to have assumed political power in Sadiya and contiguous areas falling within modern Arunachal Pradesh." (
3056:"N.N Acharyya are of the opinion that the Chutiya kingdom extended up to Viswanath in the present Darrang district of Assam."(
1610:
Though it is accepted that the rule of the Chutia rulers ended in 1523, different sources give different accounts. The extant
1210:
after a series of conflicts and the capital area ruled by the Chutia rulers became the administrative domain of the office of
5184:
3992:
3798:
3546:
3082:"The first confrontation between the Ahoms and the Chutiyas as a political power is mentioned in some chronicles such as the
3858:
3670:
3552:
3512:
2201:"(T)he Chutiyas were one of the earliest tribes to be Hinduised and to form a state, may point to their surplus economy." (
3954:
3915:
Society and Economy in North-East India, Volume 2 : Socio-Economic Linkages in the decline of Pragjyotisa-Kamrupa
1622:
mentions that the remnant of the royal family was deported to Pakariguri, Nagaon—a fact that is disputed by scholars.
3923:
198:
3644:
3477:"Military Technology Transfers from Ming China and the Emergence of Northern Mainland Southeast Asia (c. 1390–1527)"
4258:
3807:
Neog, Maheswar (1977). "Light on a Ruling Dynasty of Arunachal Pradesh in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries".
5189:
4744:
3976:
1339:
legends but placed them lower in the Brahminical social hierarchy because of their autochthonous origins. Though
1206:
in Assam, as well as the plains and foothills of Arunachal Pradesh. The kingdom fell around the year 1524 to the
17:
3017:"This shows that if there was any Chutiya state it was of little significance till at least mid 14th century." (
5220:
3852:
3191:"On the behalf of the Ahom king, they fought with and killed, the Kachari and Dhirnarayana, the Chutiya king"(
1112:
3768:
Jaquesson, François (2017). "The linguistic reconstruction of the past: The case of the Boro-Garo languages".
2580:"The legends relating to the origin of the Chutiyas is full of absurdities without any historical moorings." (
4687:
4273:
873:
2266:"The Ahoms accepted many Chutiyas to their fold and offered them responsible offices in the administration"(
1296:
In these early inscriptions, the kings are said to be seated in Sadhyapuri, identified with the present-day
5365:
4754:
4382:
4230:
4054:
4036:
4019:
3570:
Ahom State Formation in Assam: An Inquiry into the Factors of Polity Formation in Medieval North East India
1289:
which might indicate that the eastern region of Sadhaya was politically connected to the western region of
3086:
only during the reign of Ahom king Sutupha (1369–76), about a hundred years after the death of Sukapha." (
4708:
4630:
4540:
4430:
4127:
1142:
1725:
5400:
5350:
4283:
4263:
4253:
4210:
4063:
4045:
4027:
2214:(At the time of annexation by the Ahoms) caste system had become prevalent in (the Chutiya) society." (
1548:
seems to genealogically connect the last historically known king, Dhirnarayan with Neog's list above.
3726:"The Ahom Political System: An Enquiry into the State Formation Process in Medieval Assam (1228–1714)"
1407:. Historians consider this document to have been composed in the early 19th century—to legitimize the
5381:
5247:
5213:
5194:
4946:
4859:
4607:
1117:
897:
287:
1175:
4667:
2801:"Barmurtiyã-bil copperplate inscription of King Dharmanãrãyana, son of Satyanãrãyana, dated 1392" (
866:
1122:
981:
4425:
4407:
4397:
1135:
187:
4789:
4240:
4090:
4067:
1088:
278:
249:
3832:
Phukan, J. N. (1992), "Chapter III The Tai-Ahom Power in Assam", in Barpujari, H. K. (ed.),
2668:
obtained from the family of Sukumar Mahanta, preserve only a small part of their history." (
4640:
4548:
4450:
4339:
4306:
3725:
3695:
Gogoi, Kakoli (2011). "Envisioning Goddess Tara: A Study of the Tara Traditions in Assam".
928:
8:
5360:
4854:
4799:
4774:
4734:
4712:
4573:
4521:
4415:
4357:
4248:
4225:
3969:
3538:
2814:"Ghilãmarã copperplate grant of King Laksmlnãrãyana, son of Satyanãrãyana, dated 1401." (
1898:
327:
133:
3984:
1720:(1369–1379), in which the Ahom king was killed. To avenge the death the next Ahom ruler
4814:
4526:
4493:
4483:
4463:
4458:
4372:
4314:
4297:
4293:
4268:
4115:
4095:
4085:
3900:
3820:
3745:
3712:
3504:
3496:
3409:
1836:
1820:
1804:
1203:
1191:
1029:
430:
231:
4892:
4844:
4769:
4620:
4615:
4563:
4498:
4473:
4435:
4387:
4329:
4324:
4132:
4049:
4040:
4031:
3919:
3904:
3848:
3812:
3794:
3704:
3542:
3508:
1828:
1780:
1357:
1321:
1199:
1187:
976:
485:
439:
412:
376:
209:
3534:
Early History of the Vaiṣṇava Faith and Movement in Assam: Śaṅkaradeva and His Times
2175:(goldsmith) ... indicates the growth of some rural industries among the Chutiyas." (
1233:
etc.) that emerged from tribal political formations in the region after the fall of
5236:
4902:
4877:
4657:
4468:
4392:
4362:
4352:
4319:
4167:
4137:
4110:
4105:
4100:
3892:
3777:
3737:
3573:
3488:
2305:"(T)he Chutiyas formed a state earlier than the Ahoms in the thirteenth century." (
1878:
1812:
1772:
1737:
1647:
1373:
well before the establishment of the Chutia kingdom, continued to be presided by a
1195:
905:
642:
550:
450:
394:
367:
316:
220:
122:
2982:"(T)he geographical extent of these rulers' power is not yet known in detail..." (
5303:
5298:
5151:
5074:
4914:
4882:
4869:
4849:
4739:
4729:
4721:
4625:
4516:
4488:
4478:
4440:
4377:
4367:
4195:
4058:
3842:
3664:
3532:
3476:
1651:
1366:
1238:
1230:
503:
421:
358:
347:
269:
102:
93:
84:
5355:
5334:
5329:
5308:
5059:
4996:
4976:
4897:
4809:
4717:
4578:
4420:
4347:
4205:
4200:
4185:
4157:
4077:
3962:
3528:
2227:"It is not definitely known as to the system of agriculture adopted by them." (
1659:
1635:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1222:
1070:
1052:
1047:
1009:
1004:
966:
938:
933:
634:
489:
260:
240:
169:
111:
3492:
5394:
5025:
4939:
4929:
4907:
3896:
3816:
3708:
2163:"The growth of a number of professions among the people of this kingdom like
1873:
1729:
1671:
1370:
1365:), which was either a powerful tribal deity, or a form of the Buddhist deity
1309:
943:
385:
338:
142:
35:
3781:
3586:
5293:
4934:
4924:
4784:
4588:
4583:
4558:
4508:
4278:
4220:
4190:
4152:
1663:
1643:
1374:
1263:
1255:
1226:
1218:
1207:
1019:
1014:
834:
597:
403:
298:
178:
2137:"The most developed of the tribes in the 15th century were the Chutiya." (
5313:
5011:
5006:
4919:
4887:
4819:
4553:
3635:
3608:
State formation in Early Medieval Assam:A case study of the Chutiya state
1752:
1721:
1655:
1631:
1409:
1332:
1242:
1024:
76:
3824:
3716:
3500:
5101:
4794:
4692:
4650:
4215:
4147:
3749:
3577:
1748:
1650:
of Assam, though the main control was confined to the river valleys of
1344:
1377:
priesthood well into the Ahom rule and outside Brahminical influence.
1281:
of the Chutia ruling family, or that their system was not exclusively
5156:
5141:
5111:
5016:
5001:
4991:
4645:
4142:
2587:
1733:
1414:
1369:
adopted for tribal worship. This deity, noticed in the 10th century
3741:
2093:"The Chutiya power lasted until 1523 when the Ahom king Suhungmung,
1190:. It extended over almost the entire region of present districts of
5268:
5205:
5171:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5064:
5054:
4986:
4829:
4824:
4759:
4696:
4672:
4175:
2648:"Only a few chronicles of comparatively recent date, including the
1717:
1639:
1399:
1348:
1234:
961:
584:
499:
1941:
Kalita, Bharat Chandra, Military activities in Medieval Assam,p.23
5278:
5161:
5096:
5049:
4981:
4971:
4779:
4764:
4662:
4593:
3836:, vol. II, Guwahati: Assam Publication Board, pp. 49–60
1732:
but was held captive, he was later set free and had to settle at
1713:
1427:
1336:
1305:
1259:
1093:
1799:
After annexing the Chutia kingdom, offices of the Ahom kingdom,
913:
5263:
5166:
5146:
5136:
5106:
5069:
4839:
4804:
4682:
4568:
4010:
3264:
1824:
1776:
1297:
1179:
971:
732:
475:
151:
5116:
5038:
5033:
4962:
4677:
3996:
1272:
1183:
622:
31:
4834:
4635:
2495:"Most names of brahmin donees have Vaiṣṇava affiliation." (
160:
64:
3198:
2592:
2590:
2555:
while the 1522 Dhakuakhana grant of Dhirnarayan mentions
2378:) can be seen as an indirect reference to his lineage." (
1839:) were created to administer the newly acquired regions.
3340:). Besides these, he also made a number of blacksmiths (
3279:
3277:
2995:
Acharya.N.N., The History of Medieval Assam, 1966, p.232
1707:
1540:
A late discovery of an inscription, published in a 2002
1343:
lineage of the Chutia rulers have similarities with the
3844:
Fragmented Memories: Struggling to be Tai-Ahom in India
2551::42) The 1392 Bormurtia grant of Satyanarayan mentions
3289:
1712:
The earliest mention of a Chutia king is found in the
3274:
3157:
1716:
that describe a friendly contact during the reign of
1666:
and hardly extended to the hills even at its zenith.
1380:
The royal family traced its descent from the line of
3809:
Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
1743:
3267:, which came under the Ahoms after its annexation"(
3093:
1960:
1438:in identifying Satyanarayana with Ratnanarayana.
5392:
2758:
2756:
1803:(Bhatialia Gohain) with headquarters at Habung (
3793:, Delhi: Regency Publications, pp. 24–49,
3776:(1). Translated by van Breugel, Seino: 90–122.
2852:
2850:
3370:mentions the firearms procured from Sadiya as
2292:"The origin of the Chutiya state is obscure."(
2005:
2003:
1864:(gunmakers) belonged to the Chutia community.
1702:
30:This article is about the medieval kingdom of
5221:
3970:
3885:The Indian Economic and Social History Review
2753:
2050:
2048:
2034:
2032:
1685:View of the platform of the central building.
1143:
874:
2847:
466:Chutia kingdom (Tiwra) in early 16th century
3174:
3172:
2000:
5406:States and territories established in 1187
5228:
5214:
3977:
3963:
3697:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
3604:
3567:
3487:(3). Cambridge University Press: 495–517.
3383:
2581:
2293:
2045:
2029:
1300:; which is why the kingdom is also called
1150:
1136:
881:
867:
3767:
3407:
2928:
2010:
3690:. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company.
3169:
1248:
793:Gold and Silver Umbrella (Danda-Chhatra)
3474:
3440:
14:
5411:Medieval empires and kingdoms of India
5393:
4855:Joymati, first Assamese motion picture
3840:
3831:
3621:from the original on 16 September 2020
3595:
3584:
3572:(PhD). North-Eastern Hill University.
3456:(guild for manufacturing matchlocks)"(
3295:
3283:
3238:
3217:
3204:
3179:
3163:
3138:
2970:
2944:
2922:
2896:
2883:
2548:
2254:
2189:
1493:Dharmanarayana or Mukta-dharmanaryana
448:
437:
383:
345:
336:
325:
314:
285:
247:
238:
229:
218:
207:
5209:
3958:
3944:
3918:. Department of History, NEHU Press.
3911:
3873:
3770:Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area
3694:
3685:
3650:from the original on 27 February 2021
3633:
3457:
3321:
3268:
3099:
3057:
2957:
2535:
2522:
2457:
2280:
2267:
2228:
2215:
2202:
2176:
2151:
2055:
2023:
1966:
1708:With Ahoms and Bhuyans (14th century)
1331:Brahmanical influence in the form of
428:
419:
410:
401:
392:
365:
305:
296:
276:
267:
258:
196:
176:
167:
158:
149:
140:
131:
100:
91:
73:
5235:
3882:
3861:from the original on 1 February 2023
3806:
3788:
3723:
3662:
3527:
3408:Borboruah, Hiteswar (23 June 1997).
3354:
3308:
3251:
3192:
3151:
3125:
3112:
3087:
3070:
3044:
3031:
3018:
3005:
2983:
2909:
2870:
2857:
2841:
2828:
2815:
2802:
2789:
2776:
2763:
2747:
2734:
2721:
2708:
2695:
2682:
2669:
2636:
2623:
2610:
2597:
2568:
2509:
2496:
2483:
2470:
2444:
2431:
2418:
2405:
2392:
2379:
2358:
2345:
2332:
2319:
2306:
2241:
2138:
2125:
2112:
2099:
2081:
2068:
2039:
1434:
1387:
374:
356:
185:
120:
109:
82:
62:
24:
4750:List of Assamese writers Pen Names
3834:The Comprehensive History of Assam
3515:from the original on 6 August 2022
3481:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
3435:"Some Ahom (Assamese) chronicles (
2022:"Their kingdom called Sadiya..." (
798:Gold and Silver Bedstead(Sal-pira)
649:Known rulers of the Chutia kingdom
25:
5422:
4211:Legislative Assembly (Since 1937)
3688:Agrarian System of Medieval Assam
1909:from the original on 11 June 2020
1744:Chutia-Ahom conflicts (1512–1523)
1670:Ruins of the Chutia kingdom near
5377:
5376:
5277:
4121:Institutions of higher education
3986:
3932:from the original on 6 July 2023
3791:Early States in North East India
3756:from the original on 6 July 2023
3724:Guha, Amalendu (December 1983),
3673:from the original on 6 July 2023
3663:Gait, Sir Edward Albert (1963).
3598:A Comprehensive History of Assam
3555:from the original on 6 July 2023
3446:
3429:
3416:
3401:
3389:
3376:
3360:
3347:
3314:
3301:
1851:as well as large cannons called
1690:
1678:
912:
602:
577:
75:
57:
4068:Dipterocarpus retusus (Hollong)
3949:, Allahabad: Chugh Publications
3467:
3257:
3244:
3223:
3210:
3185:
3144:
3131:
3118:
3105:
3076:
3063:
3050:
3037:
3024:
3011:
2998:
2989:
2976:
2963:
2950:
2915:
2902:
2889:
2876:
2863:
2834:
2821:
2808:
2795:
2782:
2769:
2740:
2727:
2714:
2701:
2688:
2675:
2642:
2629:
2616:
2603:
2574:
2561:
2541:
2528:
2515:
2502:
2489:
2476:
2463:
2450:
2437:
2424:
2411:
2398:
2385:
2364:
2351:
2338:
2325:
2312:
2299:
2286:
2273:
2260:
2247:
2234:
2221:
2208:
2195:
2182:
2157:
2144:
2131:
2118:
2105:
2087:
2074:
2061:
1901:People of the Margins:Chapter 1
1811:(Banlungia Gohain) at Banlung (
1320:) whereas those written in the
4760:The Arunodoi (Orunodoi - 1846)
3366:Hiteswar Borborua in his book
2016:
1987:
1972:
1945:
1934:
1921:
1891:
1347:lineage created for the three
816:Sunuwali Tinisukia Singhakhana
13:
1:
3412:– via Internet Archive.
1884:
1819:(Dihingia gohain) at Dihing (
1426:Only a few recently compiled
5366:December 2014 Assam violence
4755:List of Assamese Periodicals
4206:Assam Province (1912 – 1947)
3947:The Mataks and their Kingdom
1620:Ahom Buranji-Harakanta Barua
7:
3878:, Guwahati: Manuh Prakashan
3605:Buragohain, Ramesh (2013).
3585:Baruah, Swarnalata (2007).
3568:Buragohain, Romesh (1988).
1867:
1842:
1783:as tributary feudal lords.
1703:Early contacts and downfall
788:Gold and Silver Cat(Mekuri)
10:
5427:
5351:Assam separatist movements
4559:Barak Valley (South Assam)
4059:Foxtail Orchids (Kopouful)
3945:Dutta, Sristidhar (1985),
3912:Momin, Mignonette (2006).
1546:All Assam Chutiya Sanmilan
29:
5374:
5343:
5322:
5286:
5275:
5256:
5248:Timeline of Assam History
5243:
5180:
5089:
4955:
4947:List of people from Assam
4868:
4860:Guwahati Theatre Festival
4775:Assam Rhetorical Congress
4707:
4606:
4596:The Hill station of Assam
4539:
4507:
4449:
4406:
4338:
4305:
4292:
4239:
4166:
4076:
4018:
4003:
3847:. Duke University Press.
3493:10.1017/S0022463403000456
1786:
1697:View of a ruined building
1625:
1553:List of Additional Rulers
1421:
1403:in 1850 and reprinted in
1395:Chutiyar Rajar Vamsavali,
862:
844:
824:
806:
778:
760:
742:
722:
717:
709:
701:
693:
685:
677:
669:
661:
653:
648:
640:
632:
618:
556:
546:
542:
529:
525:
517:
509:
495:
481:
471:
52:
45:
34:. For the community, see
4554:Lower-Assam (West Assam)
4549:Upper-Assam (East Assam)
3897:10.1177/0019464619894134
3874:Sarma, Benudhar (1993),
3637:Mataks and their Kingdom
1466:Nandisara or Nandisvara
4398:South Salmara Mankachar
4274:Human rights Commission
3841:Saikia, Yasmin (2004).
3782:10.1075/ltba.40.1.04van
3686:Gogoi, Jahnavi (2002).
1186:and adjoining areas in
727:Capitals of the Kingdom
27:Medieval state of India
4231:Assam History Timeline
3600:, Munshiram Manoharlal
2376:daityanāmāttamāmāmatiḥ
1981:In the Meadows of Gold
1954:In the Meadows of Gold
1178:that developed around
3475:Laichen, Sun (2003).
3397:Maniram Dewan, p.289.
2940:Deodhai Assam Buranji
2171:(bell-metal worker),
1642:, the founder of the
1249:Foundation and Polity
1214:of the Ahom kingdom.
1089:Kamarupa inscriptions
482:Common languages
4688:Textiles and dresses
4641:Folk dances of Assam
4431:Karbi Anglong (West)
4254:Legislative Assembly
3596:Baruah, S L (1986),
3588:Chutia Jatir Buranji
3410:"Ahomar Din Ed. 2nd"
3235:Deodhai Asam Buranji
3084:Deodhai Asam Buranji
2658:Satsari Asam Buranji
2650:Deodhai Asam Buranji
2370:"The reason for his
1995:Chutia Jatir Buranji
1835:at Tiphao (northern
1817:Thao-mung Mung-klang
1769:Deodhai Ahom Buranji
1674:of Arunachal Pradesh
1616:Deodhai Asam Buranji
1405:Deodhai Asam Buranji
1202:, and some parts of
929:Pragjyotisha kingdom
718:Chutia monarchy data
531:• Unknown–1524
5361:2012 Assam violence
5185:Fairs and Festivals
4800:Saptakanda Ramayana
4735:Assamese literature
4574:Mora Dhansiri River
4226:Golaghat Convention
3539:Motilal Banarsidass
3207:, pp. 228–229.
2662:Purani Asam Buranji
1993:Barua, Swarnalata,
1929:Purvottar Prabandha
1899:"Ramirez, Philippe,
1601:early 16th century
1555:
1509:early 15th century
1496:early 15th century
1445:
1397:first published in
1318:Burha Tai/Elder Tai
1312:called the kingdom
1176:late medieval state
5344:Contemporary Assam
5019:and its variations
4965:and its variations
4815:Goalpariya Lokgeet
4631:Traditional crafts
4128:Physical geography
4096:Brahmaputra Valley
3811:. 58/59: 813–820.
3669:. Thacker, Spink.
3666:A History of Assam
1809:Thao-mung Ban-lung
1801:Thao-mung Mung-teu
1589:late 15th century
1568:Reign in progress
1551:
1517:Pratyaksanarayana
1482:late 14th century
1469:late 14th century
1458:Reign in Progress
1441:
1316:(literal meaning:
1212:Sadia Khowa Gohain
1030:Moamoria rebellion
686:Pratyakshanarayana
681:early 15th century
673:early 15th century
5401:Kingdoms of Assam
5388:
5387:
5203:
5202:
4770:The Assam Tribune
4621:Assamese alphabet
4616:Assamese language
4564:Brahmaputra River
4535:
4534:
4050:White-winged duck
4041:Indian rhinoceros
4032:O Mur Apunar Desh
3800:978-81-89233-86-0
3634:Datta, S (1985).
3548:978-81-208-0007-6
3422:Sharma, Benudhar.
3395:Sharma, Benudhar.
2557:Viyutsva-banshada
1927:Barua, Sarbeswar,
1794:Sadiakhowa Gohain
1608:
1607:
1584:Purandarnarayana
1538:
1537:
1499:1392; 1401; 1442
1388:Spurious accounts
1322:Assamese language
1188:Arunachal Pradesh
1160:
1159:
977:Mlechchha dynasty
944:Sonitpura kingdom
891:
890:
705:late 15th century
665:late 14th century
657:late 14th century
628:
627:
614:
613:
610:
609:
590:
589:
486:Assamese language
16:(Redirected from
5418:
5380:
5379:
5281:
5237:History of Assam
5230:
5223:
5216:
5207:
5206:
4956:Notable surnames
4658:Ekasarana Dharma
4303:
4302:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3908:
3879:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3837:
3828:
3803:
3785:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3730:Social Scientist
3720:
3691:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3649:
3642:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3620:
3613:
3601:
3592:
3581:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3461:
3450:
3444:
3433:
3427:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3405:
3399:
3393:
3387:
3380:
3374:
3364:
3358:
3351:
3345:
3318:
3312:
3305:
3299:
3293:
3287:
3281:
3272:
3261:
3255:
3248:
3242:
3227:
3221:
3214:
3208:
3202:
3196:
3189:
3183:
3176:
3167:
3161:
3155:
3148:
3142:
3135:
3129:
3122:
3116:
3109:
3103:
3097:
3091:
3080:
3074:
3067:
3061:
3054:
3048:
3041:
3035:
3028:
3022:
3015:
3009:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2987:
2980:
2974:
2967:
2961:
2954:
2948:
2932:
2926:
2919:
2913:
2906:
2900:
2893:
2887:
2880:
2874:
2867:
2861:
2854:
2845:
2838:
2832:
2825:
2819:
2812:
2806:
2799:
2793:
2786:
2780:
2773:
2767:
2760:
2751:
2744:
2738:
2731:
2725:
2718:
2712:
2705:
2699:
2692:
2686:
2679:
2673:
2646:
2640:
2633:
2627:
2620:
2614:
2607:
2601:
2594:
2585:
2578:
2572:
2565:
2559:
2545:
2539:
2532:
2526:
2519:
2513:
2506:
2500:
2493:
2487:
2480:
2474:
2467:
2461:
2454:
2448:
2441:
2435:
2428:
2422:
2415:
2409:
2402:
2396:
2389:
2383:
2368:
2362:
2355:
2349:
2342:
2336:
2329:
2323:
2316:
2310:
2303:
2297:
2290:
2284:
2277:
2271:
2264:
2258:
2251:
2245:
2238:
2232:
2225:
2219:
2212:
2206:
2199:
2193:
2186:
2180:
2161:
2155:
2148:
2142:
2135:
2129:
2122:
2116:
2109:
2103:
2091:
2085:
2078:
2072:
2065:
2059:
2052:
2043:
2036:
2027:
2020:
2014:
2007:
1998:
1991:
1985:
1979:Saikia, Yasmin,
1976:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1949:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1895:
1879:History of Assam
1833:Chaolung Shulung
1779:, Kalangpur and
1738:Nalbari district
1736:(in present-day
1694:
1682:
1648:Darrang district
1556:
1550:
1504:Durlabhnarayana
1490:Lakshminarayana
1446:
1440:
1235:Kamarupa kingdom
1152:
1145:
1138:
962:Kamarupa kingdom
916:
906:History of Assam
893:
892:
883:
876:
869:
702:Purandarnarayana
697:mid 15th century
689:mid 15th century
643:History of Assam
630:
629:
606:
605:
594:
593:
581:
580:
574:
573:
558:
557:
538:
459:
457:
446:
444:
435:
433:
426:
424:
417:
415:
408:
406:
399:
397:
390:
388:
381:
379:
372:
370:
363:
361:
354:
352:
343:
341:
334:
332:
323:
321:
312:
310:
303:
301:
294:
292:
283:
281:
274:
272:
265:
263:
256:
254:
245:
243:
236:
234:
227:
225:
216:
214:
205:
203:
194:
192:
183:
181:
174:
172:
165:
163:
156:
154:
147:
145:
138:
136:
129:
127:
118:
116:
107:
105:
98:
96:
89:
87:
80:
79:
71:
69:
61:
43:
42:
21:
5426:
5425:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5415:
5391:
5390:
5389:
5384:
5370:
5339:
5318:
5304:Kachari Kingdom
5299:Chutiya Kingdom
5282:
5273:
5252:
5239:
5234:
5204:
5199:
5176:
5152:North Lakhimpur
5085:
4951:
4915:Tribes of Assam
4883:Assamese people
4864:
4740:Assamese poetry
4716:
4703:
4602:
4531:
4503:
4445:
4402:
4334:
4288:
4284:Political Party
4259:Chief Ministers
4235:
4196:Kachari Kingdom
4162:
4072:
4014:
3999:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3953:
3935:
3933:
3926:
3864:
3862:
3855:
3801:
3759:
3757:
3742:10.2307/3516963
3676:
3674:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3640:
3624:
3622:
3618:
3611:
3558:
3556:
3549:
3518:
3516:
3470:
3465:
3464:
3454:Hiloidhari-Khel
3451:
3447:
3434:
3430:
3421:
3417:
3406:
3402:
3394:
3390:
3384:Buragohain 1988
3381:
3377:
3365:
3361:
3352:
3348:
3319:
3315:
3306:
3302:
3294:
3290:
3282:
3275:
3262:
3258:
3249:
3245:
3228:
3224:
3215:
3211:
3203:
3199:
3190:
3186:
3177:
3170:
3162:
3158:
3149:
3145:
3136:
3132:
3123:
3119:
3110:
3106:
3098:
3094:
3081:
3077:
3068:
3064:
3055:
3051:
3042:
3038:
3029:
3025:
3016:
3012:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2990:
2981:
2977:
2968:
2964:
2955:
2951:
2933:
2929:
2920:
2916:
2907:
2903:
2894:
2890:
2881:
2877:
2868:
2864:
2855:
2848:
2839:
2835:
2826:
2822:
2813:
2809:
2800:
2796:
2787:
2783:
2774:
2770:
2761:
2754:
2745:
2741:
2732:
2728:
2719:
2715:
2706:
2702:
2693:
2689:
2680:
2676:
2647:
2643:
2634:
2630:
2621:
2617:
2608:
2604:
2595:
2588:
2582:Buragohain 2013
2579:
2575:
2566:
2562:
2546:
2542:
2533:
2529:
2520:
2516:
2507:
2503:
2494:
2490:
2481:
2477:
2468:
2464:
2455:
2451:
2442:
2438:
2429:
2425:
2416:
2412:
2403:
2399:
2390:
2386:
2369:
2365:
2356:
2352:
2343:
2339:
2330:
2326:
2317:
2313:
2304:
2300:
2294:Buragohain 2013
2291:
2287:
2278:
2274:
2265:
2261:
2252:
2248:
2239:
2235:
2226:
2222:
2213:
2209:
2200:
2196:
2187:
2183:
2162:
2158:
2149:
2145:
2136:
2132:
2123:
2119:
2110:
2106:
2092:
2088:
2079:
2075:
2066:
2062:
2053:
2046:
2037:
2030:
2021:
2017:
2008:
2001:
1992:
1988:
1977:
1973:
1965:
1961:
1952:Saikia, Yasmin,
1950:
1946:
1939:
1935:
1926:
1922:
1912:
1910:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1870:
1862:Hiloi-Khanikars
1845:
1789:
1746:
1710:
1705:
1698:
1695:
1686:
1683:
1628:
1573:Yasamanarayana
1424:
1390:
1308:written in the
1251:
1239:Sanskritisation
1156:
1127:
1099:
1098:
1084:
1076:
1075:
1066:
1058:
1057:
1043:
1035:
1034:
995:
987:
986:
957:
949:
948:
924:
887:
858:
840:
829:Royal residence
820:
802:
783:Royal Heirlooms
774:
756:
738:
678:Durlabhnarayana
670:Lakshminarayana
603:
578:
536:
532:
504:Tribal religion
502:
488:
467:
464:
463:
462:
461:
460:
454:
451:
449:
447:
442:
440:
438:
436:
431:
429:
427:
422:
420:
418:
413:
411:
409:
404:
402:
400:
395:
393:
391:
386:
384:
382:
377:
375:
373:
368:
366:
364:
359:
357:
355:
350:
348:
346:
344:
339:
337:
335:
330:
328:
326:
324:
319:
317:
315:
313:
308:
306:
304:
299:
297:
295:
288:
286:
284:
279:
277:
275:
270:
268:
266:
261:
259:
257:
252:
250:
248:
246:
241:
239:
237:
232:
230:
228:
223:
221:
219:
217:
212:
210:
208:
206:
201:
199:
197:
195:
188:
186:
184:
179:
177:
175:
170:
168:
166:
161:
159:
157:
152:
150:
148:
143:
141:
139:
134:
132:
130:
125:
123:
121:
119:
114:
112:
110:
108:
103:
101:
99:
94:
92:
90:
85:
83:
81:
74:
72:
67:
65:
63:
48:
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:Chutiya kingdom
15:
12:
11:
5:
5424:
5414:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5386:
5385:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5356:Assam Movement
5353:
5347:
5345:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5337:
5335:Assam Province
5332:
5330:Colonial Assam
5326:
5324:
5323:Colonial Assam
5320:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5311:
5309:Kamata Kingdom
5306:
5301:
5296:
5290:
5288:
5287:Medieval Assam
5284:
5283:
5276:
5274:
5272:
5271:
5266:
5260:
5258:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5233:
5232:
5225:
5218:
5210:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5181:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5093:
5091:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5083:
5080:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5044:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5028:
5023:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4997:Borpatrogohain
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4959:
4957:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4949:
4944:
4943:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4912:
4911:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4880:
4874:
4872:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4810:Music of Assam
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4726:
4724:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4673:Sattriya Dance
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4648:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4612:
4610:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4545:
4543:
4537:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4513:
4511:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4455:
4453:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4412:
4410:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4344:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4311:
4309:
4300:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4245:
4243:
4241:Administration
4237:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4201:Colonial Assam
4198:
4193:
4188:
4186:Kamata Kingdom
4183:
4181:Chutia Kingdom
4178:
4172:
4170:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4160:
4158:Assam Regiment
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4082:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4061:
4052:
4043:
4034:
4024:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3982:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3959:
3952:
3951:
3942:
3924:
3909:
3880:
3871:
3853:
3838:
3829:
3804:
3799:
3786:
3765:
3721:
3692:
3683:
3660:
3631:
3602:
3593:
3591:(in Assamese).
3582:
3565:
3547:
3529:Neog, Maheswar
3525:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3445:
3428:
3415:
3400:
3388:
3375:
3359:
3346:
3336:and gunpowder(
3313:
3300:
3298:, p. 229.
3288:
3286:, p. 230.
3273:
3256:
3243:
3222:
3209:
3197:
3184:
3168:
3166:, p. 227.
3156:
3143:
3130:
3117:
3104:
3092:
3075:
3062:
3049:
3036:
3023:
3010:
2997:
2988:
2975:
2962:
2949:
2927:
2914:
2901:
2888:
2875:
2862:
2846:
2833:
2820:
2807:
2794:
2781:
2768:
2752:
2739:
2726:
2713:
2700:
2687:
2674:
2641:
2628:
2615:
2602:
2586:
2573:
2560:
2540:
2527:
2514:
2501:
2488:
2475:
2462:
2449:
2436:
2423:
2410:
2397:
2384:
2363:
2350:
2337:
2324:
2311:
2298:
2285:
2272:
2259:
2246:
2233:
2220:
2207:
2194:
2181:
2156:
2143:
2130:
2117:
2104:
2086:
2073:
2060:
2044:
2028:
2015:
2011:Jaquesson 2017
1999:
1986:
1971:
1959:
1944:
1933:
1920:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1869:
1866:
1844:
1841:
1788:
1785:
1745:
1742:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1677:
1675:
1636:Parshuram Kund
1627:
1624:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1479:Ratnanarayana
1477:
1476:Satyanarayana
1473:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1443:List of Rulers
1423:
1420:
1389:
1386:
1279:matrilineality
1250:
1247:
1164:Chutia Kingdom
1158:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1071:Assam Movement
1067:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1053:Assam Province
1050:
1048:Colonial Assam
1044:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1010:Kamata Kingdom
1007:
1005:Dimasa Kingdom
1002:
1000:Chutia Kingdom
996:
993:
992:
989:
988:
985:
984:
979:
974:
972:Davaka dynasty
969:
967:Varman dynasty
964:
958:
955:
954:
951:
950:
947:
946:
941:
939:Bhauma dynasty
936:
934:Danava dynasty
931:
925:
923:Proto-historic
922:
921:
918:
917:
909:
908:
902:
901:
889:
888:
886:
885:
878:
871:
863:
860:
859:
857:
856:
851:
849:Tutelary deity
845:
842:
841:
839:
838:
831:
825:
822:
821:
819:
818:
813:
807:
804:
803:
801:
800:
795:
790:
785:
779:
776:
775:
773:
772:
767:
761:
758:
757:
755:
754:
749:
743:
740:
739:
737:
736:
729:
723:
720:
719:
715:
714:
713:unknown - 1524
711:
707:
706:
703:
699:
698:
695:
691:
690:
687:
683:
682:
679:
675:
674:
671:
667:
666:
663:
659:
658:
655:
651:
650:
646:
645:
638:
637:
635:Chutia kingdom
626:
625:
620:
616:
615:
612:
611:
608:
607:
600:
591:
588:
587:
582:
570:
569:
564:
554:
553:
551:Medieval Assam
548:
547:Historical era
544:
543:
540:
539:
533:
530:
527:
526:
523:
522:
519:
515:
514:
511:
507:
506:
497:
493:
492:
490:Deori language
483:
479:
478:
473:
469:
468:
465:
56:
55:
54:
53:
50:
49:
47:Chutia Kingdom
46:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5423:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5383:
5373:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5342:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5285:
5280:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5257:Ancient Assam
5255:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5242:
5238:
5231:
5226:
5224:
5219:
5217:
5212:
5211:
5208:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5190:Hindu Temples
5188:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5179:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5020:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4966:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4954:
4948:
4945:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4916:
4913:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4745:List of poets
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4719:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4700:
4698:
4694:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4599:
4597:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4538:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4510:
4506:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4448:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4426:Karbi Anglong
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4408:Central Assam
4405:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4165:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4020:State symbols
4017:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3980:
3975:
3973:
3968:
3966:
3961:
3960:
3957:
3948:
3943:
3931:
3927:
3925:9788189233341
3921:
3917:
3916:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3881:
3877:
3876:Maniram Dewan
3872:
3860:
3856:
3850:
3846:
3845:
3839:
3835:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3805:
3802:
3796:
3792:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3766:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3693:
3689:
3684:
3672:
3668:
3667:
3661:
3646:
3639:
3638:
3632:
3617:
3610:
3609:
3603:
3599:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3566:
3554:
3550:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3526:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3473:
3472:
3459:
3455:
3449:
3442:
3438:
3432:
3426:
3419:
3411:
3404:
3398:
3392:
3385:
3379:
3373:
3369:
3363:
3356:
3350:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3317:
3310:
3304:
3297:
3292:
3285:
3280:
3278:
3270:
3266:
3260:
3253:
3247:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3219:
3213:
3206:
3201:
3194:
3188:
3181:
3175:
3173:
3165:
3160:
3153:
3147:
3140:
3134:
3127:
3121:
3114:
3108:
3102:, p. 29.
3101:
3096:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3072:
3066:
3059:
3053:
3046:
3040:
3033:
3027:
3020:
3014:
3007:
3001:
2992:
2985:
2979:
2972:
2966:
2959:
2953:
2946:
2941:
2937:
2931:
2924:
2918:
2911:
2905:
2898:
2892:
2885:
2879:
2872:
2866:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2843:
2837:
2830:
2824:
2817:
2811:
2804:
2798:
2791:
2785:
2778:
2772:
2765:
2759:
2757:
2749:
2743:
2736:
2730:
2723:
2717:
2710:
2704:
2697:
2691:
2684:
2678:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2638:
2632:
2625:
2619:
2612:
2606:
2599:
2593:
2591:
2583:
2577:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2554:
2553:Viyutsva-kula
2550:
2544:
2537:
2531:
2524:
2518:
2511:
2505:
2498:
2492:
2485:
2479:
2472:
2466:
2459:
2453:
2446:
2440:
2433:
2427:
2420:
2414:
2407:
2401:
2394:
2388:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2360:
2354:
2347:
2341:
2334:
2328:
2321:
2315:
2308:
2302:
2295:
2289:
2282:
2276:
2269:
2263:
2256:
2250:
2243:
2237:
2230:
2224:
2217:
2211:
2204:
2198:
2191:
2185:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2160:
2153:
2147:
2140:
2134:
2127:
2121:
2114:
2108:
2101:
2096:
2090:
2083:
2077:
2070:
2064:
2057:
2051:
2049:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2025:
2019:
2012:
2006:
2004:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1975:
1969:, p. 30.
1968:
1963:
1957:
1955:
1948:
1942:
1937:
1930:
1924:
1908:
1904:
1902:
1894:
1890:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1874:Chutia people
1872:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1827:and northern
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1795:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1693:
1688:
1681:
1676:
1673:
1672:Dibang Valley
1669:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1596:Dhirnarayana
1595:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1565:Reign Period
1564:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:Yasanarayana
1527:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1455:Reign Period
1454:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1385:
1383:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1371:Kalika Purana
1368:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1353:Dikkaravasini
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1310:Ahom language
1307:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1258:in 1228, and
1257:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
994:Late Medieval
991:
990:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
959:
953:
952:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
926:
920:
919:
915:
911:
910:
907:
904:
903:
899:
895:
894:
884:
879:
877:
872:
870:
865:
864:
861:
855:
852:
850:
847:
846:
843:
837:
836:
832:
830:
827:
826:
823:
817:
814:
812:
809:
808:
805:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
780:
777:
771:
768:
766:
763:
762:
759:
753:
750:
748:
745:
744:
741:
735:
734:
730:
728:
725:
724:
721:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
662:Satyanarayana
660:
656:
652:
647:
644:
639:
636:
631:
624:
621:
619:Today part of
617:
601:
599:
596:
595:
592:
586:
583:
576:
575:
572:
571:
568:
565:
563:
560:
559:
555:
552:
549:
545:
541:
535:Dhirnarayana
534:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
505:
501:
498:
494:
491:
487:
484:
480:
477:
474:
470:
458:
456:
445:
434:
425:
416:
407:
398:
389:
380:
371:
362:
353:
342:
333:
322:
311:
302:
293:
291:
282:
273:
264:
255:
244:
235:
226:
215:
204:
193:
191:
182:
173:
164:
155:
146:
137:
128:
117:
106:
97:
88:
78:
70:
60:
51:
44:
41:
37:
36:Chutia people
33:
19:
5294:Ahom kingdom
5018:
4964:
4785:Kirtan Ghoxa
4690:
4595:
4509:Barak Valley
4383:Kamrup Metro
4221:Assam Accord
4191:Ahom kingdom
4180:
4153:Assam Rifles
4091:Biodiversity
4009:
3946:
3934:. Retrieved
3914:
3891:(1): 49–75.
3888:
3884:
3875:
3863:. Retrieved
3843:
3833:
3808:
3790:
3773:
3769:
3758:, retrieved
3736:(12): 3–34,
3733:
3729:
3700:
3696:
3687:
3675:. Retrieved
3665:
3652:. Retrieved
3636:
3625:15 September
3623:. Retrieved
3607:
3597:
3587:
3569:
3557:. Retrieved
3533:
3517:. Retrieved
3484:
3480:
3468:Bibliography
3453:
3448:
3441:Laichen 2003
3436:
3431:
3423:
3418:
3403:
3396:
3391:
3378:
3371:
3367:
3362:
3349:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3316:
3303:
3291:
3259:
3246:
3234:
3231:Ahom Buranji
3230:
3225:
3212:
3200:
3187:
3159:
3146:
3133:
3120:
3107:
3095:
3083:
3078:
3065:
3052:
3039:
3026:
3013:
3000:
2991:
2978:
2965:
2952:
2939:
2936:Ahom Buranji
2935:
2930:
2917:
2904:
2891:
2878:
2865:
2836:
2823:
2810:
2797:
2784:
2771:
2742:
2729:
2716:
2703:
2690:
2677:
2666:Asam Buranji
2665:
2661:
2657:
2654:Ahom Buranji
2653:
2649:
2644:
2631:
2618:
2605:
2576:
2563:
2556:
2552:
2543:
2530:
2517:
2504:
2491:
2478:
2465:
2452:
2439:
2426:
2413:
2400:
2387:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2353:
2340:
2327:
2314:
2301:
2288:
2275:
2262:
2249:
2236:
2223:
2210:
2197:
2184:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2146:
2133:
2120:
2107:
2094:
2089:
2076:
2063:
2018:
1994:
1989:
1980:
1974:
1962:
1953:
1947:
1936:
1928:
1923:
1911:. Retrieved
1900:
1893:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1846:
1832:
1816:
1808:
1800:
1798:
1793:
1790:
1768:
1765:Ahom Buranji
1764:
1761:
1756:
1747:
1711:
1644:Ahom kingdom
1629:
1619:
1615:
1612:Ahom Buranji
1611:
1609:
1562:Other names
1552:
1545:
1541:
1539:
1452:Other names
1442:
1433:
1425:
1408:
1404:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1381:
1379:
1363:Kechai-khati
1362:
1356:
1352:
1340:
1330:
1325:
1317:
1313:
1301:
1295:
1271:
1268:
1252:
1216:
1211:
1208:Ahom Kingdom
1171:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1113:Architecture
1065:Contemporary
1020:Koch kingdom
1015:Ahom kingdom
999:
982:Pala dynasty
854:Kechai-khati
853:
848:
835:Kundilnagara
833:
828:
815:
811:Royal Throne
810:
797:
792:
787:
782:
769:
765:Coat of Arms
764:
752:Mayuradhwaja
751:
746:
731:
726:
710:Dhirnarayana
694:Yasanarayana
598:Ahom kingdom
567:Succeeded by
566:
561:
452:
329:VIJAYANAGARA
307:
289:
189:
135:PHAGMODRUPAS
40:
5314:Baro-Bhuyan
5090:Urban areas
5017:Choudhury (
5012:Chakraborty
5007:Burhagohain
4820:Tokari Geet
4765:The Hemkosh
4451:Upper Assam
4340:Lower Assam
4307:North Assam
3936:16 November
3703:: 232–239.
3578:10603/61119
3296:Baruah 1986
3284:Baruah 1986
3239:Baruah 1986
3218:Phukan 1992
3205:Baruah 1986
3180:Phukan 1992
3164:Baruah 1986
3139:Baruah 1986
2971:Baruah 1986
2945:Baruah 1986
2923:Baruah 1986
2897:Baruah 2007
2884:Baruah 2007
2549:Baruah 2007
2255:Baruah 1986
2190:Saikia 2004
1857:Mithahulang
1757:Posola-garh
1656:Brahmaputra
1632:Brahmaputra
1435:Neog (1977)
1410:Matak rajya
1333:Vaishnavism
1283:patrilineal
1243:Ahomisation
1182:in present
1025:Baro-Bhuyan
770:Gaja-Singha
562:Preceded by
202:GOVERNORATE
5395:Categories
5102:Bongaigaon
4795:Naam Ghosa
4713:literature
4651:Bihu dance
4594:Halflong (
4522:Hailakandi
4416:Dima Hasao
4358:Bongaigaon
4269:High Court
4249:Government
4216:Assam Mail
4148:Assam silk
3854:082238616X
3458:Dutta 1985
3368:Ahomor Din
3338:Kalai-khar
3322:Sarma 1993
3269:Dutta 1985
3100:Dutta 1985
3058:Datta 1985
2958:Gogoi 2002
2536:Gogoi 2011
2523:Gogoi 2011
2458:Momin 2006
2281:Gogoi 2002
2268:Dutta 1985
2229:Gogoi 2002
2216:Gogoi 2002
2203:Gogoi 2002
2177:Gogoi 2002
2167:(weaver),
2152:Datta 1985
2056:Gogoi 2002
2024:Gogoi 2002
1967:Dutta 1985
1885:References
1781:Narayanpur
1749:Suhungmung
1722:Tyaokhamti
1358:Tamresvari
1345:Narakasura
1324:called it
1287:Kamatapura
1104:Categories
747:Royal Flag
733:Sadhyapura
654:Nandisvara
633:Rulers of
510:Government
104:(TUGHLAQS)
66:South Asia
5157:Sivasagar
5142:Karimganj
5112:Dibrugarh
5082:Sutradhar
5002:Borphukan
4992:Borgohain
4646:Bagurumba
4541:Geography
4527:Karimganj
4494:Sivasagar
4484:Lakhimpur
4464:Dibrugarh
4459:Charaideo
4373:Kokrajhar
4315:Biswanath
4298:divisions
4294:Districts
4264:Governors
4143:Assam tea
4116:Education
4086:Etymology
3905:213213265
3817:0378-1143
3709:2249-1937
3537:. Delhi:
3509:162422482
3355:Gait 1963
3309:Shin 2020
3252:Neog 1980
3233:and the (
3193:Neog 1980
3152:Guha 1983
3126:Neog 1980
3113:Neog 1980
3088:Shin 2020
3071:Nath 2013
3045:Shin 2020
3032:Shin 2020
3019:Nath 2013
3006:Nath 2013
2984:Shin 2020
2910:Guha 1983
2899::590–591)
2871:Nath 2013
2858:Neog 1977
2842:Neog 1977
2829:Neog 1977
2816:Neog 1977
2803:Neog 1977
2790:Neog 1977
2777:Neog 1977
2764:Neog 1977
2748:Neog 1977
2735:Neog 1977
2722:Neog 1977
2709:Neog 1977
2696:Shin 2020
2685::817–818)
2683:Neog 1977
2670:Shin 2020
2637:Shin 2020
2624:Nath 2013
2611:Nath 2013
2598:Nath 2013
2569:Neog 1977
2525::235–236)
2510:Neog 1977
2497:Shin 2020
2484:Shin 2020
2471:Shin 2020
2445:Shin 2020
2432:Shin 2020
2419:Neog 1977
2406:Neog 1977
2393:Shin 2020
2380:Shin 2020
2359:Shin 2020
2346:Shin 2020
2333:Shin 2020
2320:Guha 1983
2307:Nath 2013
2242:Shin 2020
2139:Guha 1983
2126:Guha 1983
2113:Shin 2020
2100:Shin 2020
2082:Nath 2013
2069:Shin 2020
2040:Shin 2020
1983:, p. 190.
1956:, p. 190.
1837:Dibrugarh
1821:Dibrugarh
1805:Lakhimpur
1734:Makhibaha
1726:Rajadhara
1652:Subansiri
1415:Ney Elias
1204:Dibrugarh
1192:Lakhimpur
1174:) was a
496:Religion
443:SULTANATE
360:JAISALMER
351:SULTANATE
320:SULTANATE
290:NAGVANSIS
224:SULTANATE
213:SULTANATE
126:SULTANATE
95:SULTANATE
5382:Category
5269:Kamarupa
5172:Tinsukia
5132:Guwahati
5127:Golaghat
5122:Goalpara
5065:Majumdar
5055:Hazarika
4987:Borbarua
4830:Hiranaam
4825:Dihanaam
4579:Dhansiri
4499:Tinsukia
4474:Golaghat
4436:Morigaon
4388:Goalpara
4330:Udalguri
4325:Sonitpur
4176:Kamarupa
4133:Politics
3930:Archived
3859:Archived
3825:41691751
3754:archived
3717:44146715
3671:Archived
3645:Archived
3616:Archived
3553:Archived
3531:(1980).
3513:Archived
3501:20072535
3229:"...the
2938:and the
2664:and the
1997:, p.139.
1931:, p. 212
1907:Archived
1868:See also
1843:Firearms
1829:Sibsagar
1773:Kalabari
1767:and the
1718:Sutuphaa
1714:Buranjis
1640:Sukaphaa
1614:and the
1542:souvenir
1428:Buranjis
1400:Orunodoi
1382:Viyutsva
1349:Kamarupa
1306:Buranjis
1260:Buranjis
1200:Tinsukia
956:Medieval
898:a series
896:Part of
641:Part of
585:Kamarupa
513:Monarchy
500:Hinduism
271:SUGAUNAS
222:KHANDESH
124:SHAH MIR
5195:History
5162:Silchar
5097:Barpeta
5050:Goswami
4982:Bharali
4972:Bhuiyan
4963:Barua (
4893:Brahmin
4878:History
4780:Buranji
4663:Borgeet
4608:Culture
4469:Dhemaji
4393:Nalbari
4363:Chirang
4353:Barpeta
4320:Darrang
4168:History
4138:Tourism
4111:Economy
4106:Culture
4101:Cuisine
4006:Capital
3750:3516963
3654:11 June
3559:8 March
3519:31 July
3437:buranji
3047::52–53)
2973::229ff)
2925::229ff)
2639::58–59)
2626::29–30)
2486::54–55)
2205::21–22)
2058::20–21)
1913:10 June
1853:Bor-top
1813:Dhemaji
1753:Bhuyans
1730:Khamtis
1544:of the
1337:Krishna
1304:. The
1231:Jaintia
1196:Dhemaji
1172:Chutiya
1118:Palaces
1094:Buranji
1083:Sources
518:Monarch
472:Capital
441:JAUNPUR
414:AMARKOT
387:KARAULI
262:KAMATAS
251:EASTERN
233:TOMARAS
211:BAHMANI
200:GUJARAT
113:TIMURID
68:1400 CE
5264:Davaka
5167:Tezpur
5147:Nagaon
5137:Jorhat
5107:Dhubri
5079:Chutia
5070:Saikia
5060:Kalita
5046:Gohain
4940:Mising
4930:Dimasa
4908:Chutia
4898:Kalita
4870:People
4850:Cinema
4840:Gogona
4805:Jonaki
4790:Dasham
4730:Cinema
4722:cinema
4683:Gamosa
4678:Saraai
4626:Jolpan
4589:Diphlu
4584:Dihing
4569:Majuli
4517:Cachar
4489:Majuli
4479:Jorhat
4441:Nagaon
4378:Kamrup
4368:Dhubri
4279:Police
4078:Topics
4055:Flower
4037:Animal
4011:Dispur
3922:
3903:
3851:
3823:
3815:
3797:
3748:
3715:
3707:
3545:
3507:
3499:
3265:Borhat
3241::229f)
2947::229f)
2873::43ff)
2173:sonari
1903:, p.4"
1825:Majuli
1787:Legacy
1777:Gohpur
1664:Dihing
1626:Domain
1463:Nandi
1422:Rulers
1355:(also
1326:Chutia
1302:Sadiya
1298:Sadiya
1291:Kamata
1273:Asuras
1262:, the
1223:Dimasa
1180:Sadiya
1168:Sadiya
1166:(also
1042:Modern
900:on the
537:(last)
521:
476:Sadiya
455:states
453:Tribal
405:SIROHI
378:MARWAR
331:EMPIRE
318:BENGAL
309:CHUTIA
253:GANGAS
242:TWIPRA
190:KALMAT
180:KANGRA
171:KUMAON
153:MARYUL
144:SAMMAS
115:EMPIRE
5117:Diphu
5075:Sarma
5043:Gogoi
5039:Gayen
5034:Dutta
4977:Borah
4935:Karbi
4925:Deori
4718:music
4668:Satra
4421:Hojai
4348:Baksa
3997:Assam
3993:State
3901:S2CID
3865:4 May
3821:JSTOR
3760:4 May
3746:JSTOR
3713:JSTOR
3677:4 May
3648:(PDF)
3641:(PDF)
3619:(PDF)
3612:(PDF)
3505:S2CID
3497:JSTOR
3443::504)
3372:Barud
3342:Komar
3334:Hiloi
3141::227)
2934:"The
2860::819)
2844::813)
2831::813)
2818::813)
2805::813)
2792::813)
2779::813)
2766::820)
2750::817)
2737::818)
2724::817)
2711::816)
2584::120)
2571::814)
2538::236)
2512::817)
2421::818)
2408::818)
2372:asura
2296::120)
2257::186)
2169:kahar
2165:tanti
2095:alias
2013::100)
1849:Hiloi
1660:Lohit
1634:from
1604:1522
1559:Name
1512:1428
1485:1392
1449:Name
1375:Deori
1341:asura
1314:Tiora
1256:Ahoms
1184:Assam
1123:Forts
623:India
432:MEWAT
423:VAGAD
396:AMBER
369:MEWAR
349:MALWA
340:REDDI
280:MALLA
86:DELHI
32:Assam
5030:Deka
4920:Bodo
4903:Koch
4888:Ahom
4845:Pepa
4835:Dhol
4720:and
4709:Arts
4695:and
4693:Muga
4636:Bihu
4296:and
4064:Tree
4046:Bird
4028:Song
3938:2021
3920:ISBN
3867:2020
3849:ISBN
3813:ISSN
3795:ISBN
3762:2020
3705:ISSN
3679:2020
3656:2019
3627:2020
3561:2022
3543:ISBN
3521:2022
3460::30)
3386::62)
3330:Kali
3326:Dola
3311::53)
3271::30)
3254::53)
3220::56)
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2026::20)
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1662:and
1367:Tara
1264:Ahom
1227:Koch
1219:Ahom
1162:The
300:AHOM
162:GUGE
5026:Das
4697:Eri
3995:of
3893:doi
3778:doi
3738:doi
3574:hdl
3489:doi
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