154:
1489:
1530:
515:
1545:
506:
474:
226:
who inhabited much of the island. The language appears to have been moribund at the time of
Spanish contact, and within a century it was extinct.
1499:
1540:
1395:
381:
89:
1525:
1535:
277:
even in loanwords that were originally CCV or CVC. Granberry & Vescelius (2004) speculate that the closest parallels might be in the
1494:
499:
519:
1368:
1448:
492:
458:
1504:
898:
867:
230:
484:
130:
1216:
1453:
834:
1463:
1314:
1296:
959:
542:
185:
1290:
1248:
1057:
1023:
741:
253:
Little is known of
Ciguayo apart from it being a distinct language from Taino and neighboring
1458:
1404:
1323:
1301:
942:
824:
189:
1356:
1349:
429:"Following Linguistic Trails across Half a Millennium Provides New Answers to Old Questions"
1283:
1131:
697:
663:
402:
8:
1468:
1307:
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978:
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790:
763:
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207:
45:
1379:
1335:
1259:
1159:
1145:
1075:
965:
781:
725:
718:
629:
613:
468:
274:
265:(presumably ), meaning "very mountainous." This makes it unlikely that the language is
211:
35:
602:
1443:
1385:
1138:
1121:
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937:
800:
795:
757:
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173:
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1329:
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1198:
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254:
242:
215:
193:
62:
169:
165:
1276:
1233:
1226:
1103:
1089:
1039:
953:
928:
851:
817:
811:
708:
674:
574:
536:
278:
181:
83:
74:
1342:
1174:
1152:
1005:
984:
876:
770:
690:
683:
622:
567:
514:
1519:
1046:
1012:
998:
656:
553:
153:
123:
347:
305:
448:
238:
139:
104:
219:
55:
223:
177:
234:
284:
Granberry & Vescelius (2004) analyze the morphemes of
273:, as languages of those families have simple V and CV
444:
442:
229:
Ciguayo was spoken on the northeastern coast of the
439:
400:
1517:
449:Granberry, Julian, & Gary Vescelius (2004).
261:(presumably or ) and a few place names such as
453:. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press.
1531:Pre-Arawakan languages of the Greater Antilles
1215:
382:Pre-Arawakan languages of the Greater Antilles
90:pre-Arawakan languages of the Greater Antilles
500:
426:
1546:Indigenous peoples in the Dominican Republic
473:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1394:
507:
493:
152:
16:Extinct language of the Dominican Republic
516:Indigenous language families and isolates
222:appear to have predated the agricultural
158:Precolombian languages of the Antilles.
1120:
394:
451:Languages of the Pre-Columbian Antilles
1518:
257:. The only attested words are "gold",
1541:Languages extinct in the 16th century
488:
360:- (cf. reduplication in Eastern Tol)
1526:Languages of the Dominican Republic
13:
1536:Extinct languages of North America
14:
1557:
206:(Siwayo) was the language of the
231:Roman Catholic Diocese of Magua
196:, and Ciguayo are unclassified.
420:
403:"Lenguas indĂgenas del caribe"
338:kĘ°is-kĘ°e-ya 'very mountainous'
1:
387:
7:
375:
10:
1562:
401:Granberry, Julian (2012).
248:
237:southward to at least the
1482:
1436:
1367:
1247:
1173:
1056:
1022:
927:
897:
866:
833:
780:
740:
707:
673:
639:
612:
526:
151:
137:
121:
102:
97:
71:
61:
51:
41:
31:
26:
21:
292:'very mountainous' as:
210:of Hispaniola (now the
1500:Unclassified languages
427:Guitar, Lynne (2005).
241:, and throughout the
214:) at the time of the
318:- (cf. Eastern Tol -
1449:Algonquian–Wakashan
275:syllable structures
1437:Proposed groupings
527:Language families
329:(cf. Eastern Tol -
212:Dominican Republic
36:Dominican Republic
1513:
1512:
1495:Extinct languages
1432:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1243:
1242:
1169:
1168:
923:
922:
899:Takelma–Kalapuyan
410:Cuba ArqueolĂłgica
367:(cf. Eastern Tol
201:
200:
1553:
1505:Linguistic areas
1392:
1391:
1213:
1212:
1118:
1117:
831:
830:
610:
609:
509:
502:
495:
486:
485:
479:
478:
472:
464:
446:
437:
436:
424:
418:
417:
407:
398:
296:to-w-b(e) 'gold'
243:Samana Peninsula
216:Spanish Conquest
208:Samaná Peninsula
162:
156:
133:
116:
107:
77:
46:Samaná Peninsula
19:
18:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1478:
1424:
1390:
1372:linguistic area
1371:
1363:
1252:linguistic area
1251:
1239:
1211:
1165:
1116:
1061:linguistic area
1060:
1052:
1026:linguistic area
1025:
1018:
919:
893:
862:
829:
776:
736:
703:
669:
635:
608:
528:
522:
513:
483:
482:
466:
465:
461:
447:
440:
433:H-LatAm (H-Net)
425:
421:
405:
399:
395:
390:
378:
346:- (cf. Eastern
304:- (cf. Eastern
279:Tolan languages
251:
197:
180:were Arawakan,
164:
160:
129:
126:
114:
103:
93:
87:
78:
75:Language family
73:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1559:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1490:Classification
1486:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1464:Macro-Chibchan
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1400:
1398:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1375:
1373:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1353:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1327:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1311:
1299:
1297:Tequistlatecan
1294:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1255:
1253:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1240:
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1230:
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1220:
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1195:
1188:
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1171:
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1127:
1125:
1115:
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1093:
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1079:
1072:
1064:
1062:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1030:
1028:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1009:
1002:
995:
988:
981:
976:
969:
962:
960:Tequistlatecan
957:
950:
945:
940:
934:
932:
925:
924:
921:
920:
918:
917:
912:
904:
902:
895:
894:
892:
891:
884:
879:
873:
871:
864:
863:
861:
860:
855:
848:
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838:
828:
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822:
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815:
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747:
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729:
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712:
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694:
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571:
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557:
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545:
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530:
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523:
512:
511:
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497:
489:
481:
480:
459:
438:
419:
392:
391:
389:
386:
385:
384:
377:
374:
373:
372:
361:
354:
340:
339:
335:
334:
323:
312:
311:'heavy(ness)')
298:
297:
250:
247:
199:
198:
188:were Cariban.
159:
157:
149:
148:
143:
135:
134:
127:
122:
119:
118:
108:
100:
99:
98:Language codes
95:
94:
82:unclassified;
81:
79:
72:
69:
68:
65:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
43:
39:
38:
33:
32:Native to
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1558:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
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1254:
1250:
1246:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:Calusa–Tunica
1214:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1189:
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1129:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1106:
1105:
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1098:
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1080:
1078:
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1066:
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1063:
1059:
1055:
1049:
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1042:
1041:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1001:
1000:
996:
994:
993:
989:
987:
986:
982:
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977:
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869:
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839:
836:
832:
826:
823:
819:
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814:
813:
809:
808:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
788:
786:
783:
779:
773:
772:
768:
766:
765:
761:
759:
756:
754:
753:
749:
748:
746:
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733:
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728:
727:
723:
721:
720:
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713:
710:
706:
700:
699:
695:
693:
692:
688:
686:
685:
681:
680:
678:
676:
672:
666:
665:
661:
659:
658:
654:
652:
651:
647:
646:
644:
642:
638:
632:
631:
627:
625:
624:
620:
619:
617:
615:
611:
605:
604:
600:
598:
597:
593:
591:
590:
586:
584:
583:
579:
577:
576:
572:
570:
569:
565:
563:
562:
558:
556:
555:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
538:
534:
533:
531:
525:
521:
520:North America
517:
510:
505:
503:
498:
496:
491:
490:
487:
476:
470:
462:
460:0-8173-5123-X
456:
452:
445:
443:
434:
430:
423:
415:
411:
404:
397:
393:
383:
380:
379:
370:
366:
362:
359:
355:
352:
349:
345:
342:
341:
337:
336:
332:
328:
324:
321:
317:
313:
310:
307:
303:
300:
299:
295:
294:
293:
291:
287:
282:
281:of Honduras.
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
170:Classic TaĂno
167:
166:Ciboney TaĂno
163: Ciguayo
155:
150:
147:
144:
142:
141:
136:
132:
128:
125:
124:Linguist List
120:
112:
109:
106:
101:
96:
91:
85:
80:
76:
70:
66:
64:
60:
57:
54:
50:
47:
44:
40:
37:
34:
30:
25:
20:
1454:Aztec–Tanoan
1418:
1417:
1410:
1405:Guanahatabey
1403:
1396:Pre-Arawakan
1378:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1322:
1313:
1306:
1291:Oto-Manguean
1289:
1282:
1275:
1258:
1249:Mesoamerican
1232:
1225:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1058:Coahuiltecan
1045:
1038:
1011:
1004:
997:
990:
983:
971:
964:
952:
907:
886:
868:Coast Oregon
850:
843:
810:
769:
762:
750:
742:Macro-Siouan
724:
717:
696:
689:
682:
662:
655:
648:
628:
621:
601:
594:
587:
580:
573:
566:
559:
552:
535:
529:and isolates
450:
432:
422:
413:
409:
396:
368:
364:
357:
353:'hard rock')
350:
343:
330:
326:
319:
315:
308:
301:
289:
285:
283:
262:
258:
252:
228:
203:
202:
190:Guanahatabey
145:
138:
110:
88:(one of the
67:16th century
1459:Macro-Mayan
1324:Uto-Aztecan
1302:Totozoquean
1132:Coahuilteco
943:Palaihnihan
825:Tsimshianic
288:'gold' and
1520:Categories
1315:Mixe–Zoque
1284:Misumalpan
1206:Chitimacha
698:Algonquian
664:Athabaskan
543:Yuki–Wappo
416:(1): 5–11.
388:References
290:Quizquella
263:Quizquella
239:Yuna River
1469:Tolatecan
1369:Caribbean
1357:AlagĂĽilac
1350:Purépecha
1336:Cuitlatec
1308:Totonacan
1266:Jicaquean
1185:Muskogean
1160:Mamulique
1146:Comecrudo
1076:Karankawa
979:Jicaquean
966:Chimariko
915:Kalapuyan
858:Sahaptian
806:Yok-Utian
791:Chinookan
764:Iroquoian
732:Chimakuan
548:Chumashan
469:cite book
140:Glottolog
105:ISO 639-3
52:Ethnicity
1380:Arawakan
1260:Chibchan
1139:Cotoname
1097:Quinigua
1083:Maratino
782:Penutian
726:Wakashan
719:Salishan
630:Eskimoan
614:Eskaleut
376:See also
333:'stone')
322:- 'its')
267:Arawakan
220:Ciguayos
56:Ciguayos
1444:Amerind
1419:Ciguayo
1412:Macorix
1386:Cariban
1360: ?
1219: ?
1199:Atakapa
1192:Natchez
1177: ?
1124: ?
1122:Pakawan
1111:Tonkawa
1069:Aranama
1024:Pueblo
992:Salinan
973:Esselen
938:Shastan
931: ?
909:Takelma
901: ?
888:Siuslaw
870: ?
845:Klamath
837: ?
835:Plateau
801:Maiduan
796:Wintuan
784: ?
758:Caddoan
744: ?
711: ?
650:Tlingit
641:Na-Dene
596:Waikuri
589:Timucua
582:Kutenai
561:Beothuk
371:'tree')
271:Cariban
255:Macorix
249:Lexicon
204:Ciguayo
194:Macorix
178:Shebaya
86: ?
63:Extinct
22:Ciguayo
1474:Waroid
1330:Xincan
1271:Lencan
1234:Calusa
1227:Tunica
1104:Solano
1090:Naolan
1034:Tanoan
948:Pomoan
882:Coosan
877:Alsean
852:Molala
812:Yokuts
752:Siouan
603:PericĂş
575:Cayuse
457:
218:. The
182:Karina
176:, and
161:
42:Region
27:Siwayo
1483:Lists
1343:Huave
1277:Mayan
1153:Garza
1040:Keres
1006:Washo
985:Karuk
954:Yuman
929:Hokan
818:Utian
771:Yuchi
709:Mosan
691:Yurok
684:Wiyot
675:Algic
623:Aleut
568:Bidai
537:Haida
406:(PDF)
235:Nagua
233:from
224:TaĂno
174:Iñeri
84:Tolan
1175:Gulf
1047:Zuni
1013:Yana
999:Seri
657:Eyak
554:Adai
475:link
455:ISBN
351:kĘ°is
344:kĘ°is
327:b(e)
286:tuob
259:tuob
184:and
146:None
111:None
518:of
358:kĘ°e
348:Tol
306:Tol
269:or
186:Yao
131:0yv
115:mis
1522::
471:}}
467:{{
441:^
431:.
412:.
408:.
369:yo
365:ya
331:pe
302:to
245:.
192:,
172:,
168:,
508:e
501:t
494:v
477:)
463:.
435:.
414:5
363:-
356:-
325:-
320:w
316:w
314:-
309:t
117:)
113:(
92:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
