611:
619:
121:
684:
168:
558:
375:
2716:
145:
814:
648:-colored, which gives the species its name. The fertile leaves appear first; their green color slowly becomes brown as the season progresses and the spores are dropped. The spore-bearing stems persist after the sterile fronds are killed by frost, until the next season. The spores must develop within a few weeks or fail.
640:. The sterile fronds are spreading, 30โ150 cm (0.98โ4.92 ft) tall and 15โ20 cm (5.9โ7.9 in) broad, pinnate, with pinnae 5โ10 cm (2.0โ3.9 in) long and 2โ2.5 cm (0.79โ0.98 in) broad, deeply lobed (so the fronds are nearly, but not quite, bipinnate). The fertile
810:, cinnamon fern has been historically used by first nations tribes (Abnaki, Menominee) as a food source. The Iroquois and Cherokee tribes used the fern for a wide variety of medicinal purposes including as a cold remedy, gynecological aid, venereal aid, and as a remedy to snake bites.
698:
However, recent genetic and morphological evidence (Metzgar et al. 2008; Jud et al. 2008) clearly demonstrate that the cinnamon fern is a sister species to the entire rest of the living
323:
749:, because of its gross apparent morphological similarities. However, detailed morphology and genetic analysis have proven that the interrupted fern is actually a true
1199:"The fossil Osmundales (Royal Ferns)โa phylogenetic network analysis, revised taxonomy, and evolutionary classification of anatomically preserved trunks and rhizomes"
945:"The fossil Osmundales (Royal Ferns)โa phylogenetic network analysis, revised taxonomy, and evolutionary classification of anatomically preserved trunks and rhizomes"
894:"The fossil Osmundales (royal ferns)โa phylogenetic network analysis, revised taxonomy, and evolutionary classification of anatomically preserved trunks and rhizomes"
315:
307:
3478:
1025:"Osmunda cinnamomea (Osmundaceae) in the Upper Cretaceous of Western North America: Additional Evidence for Exceptional Species Longevity among Filicalean Ferns"
296:
3315:
3161:
3131:
2908:
2427:
3341:
3321:
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3083:
3547:
3496:
3381:
3355:
3335:
3249:
3155:
3038:
2415:
540:
of North
America, approximately 70 million years ago, making it one of the oldest living plant species. The fossil records of the genus extend into the
3375:
3363:
3349:
3137:
3125:
3107:
3089:
3050:
3044:
2894:
2421:
3536:
3484:
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3143:
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1183:
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664:
3611:
2916:
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1396:
1361:
1282:(Osmundaceae) in the Upper Cretaceous of western North America: Additional evidence for exceptional species longevity among filicalean ferns."
4322:
4044:
3602:
3402:
3327:
2757:
3490:
2880:
2243:
2874:
2359:
4591:
1144:
from the Lower
Cretaceous of western North America: implications for the phylogeny, systematics, and evolution of modern Osmundaceae"
4487:
4221:
3966:
2800:
4539:
4500:
4273:
4234:
4031:
3979:
1354:
1345:
1328:
1072:"Revisiting the Late Cretaceous Parataxodium wigginsii flora from the North Slope of Alaska, a high-latitude temperate forest"
659:
areas. These ferns form massive rootstocks with densely matted, wiry roots. This root mass is an excellent substrate for many
4314:
4278:
779:
because it has been identified in the geologic record as far back as 75 million years ago. The oldest member of the genus is
4036:
4706:
4544:
1324:
4691:
4153:
1389:
4701:
2750:
597:
414:
994:
732:
is the sole living species in the genus, although it is possible that some additional fossils should be assigned to
4049:
1439:
4513:
4327:
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4005:
1434:
152:
4366:
4075:
4711:
579:
396:
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1518:
1508:
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1350:
575:
392:
17:
4479:
4213:
4200:
2805:
2795:
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1306:
794:
of a single species, but some botanists classify them as separate species. The Asian taxon is thus named
4617:
1267:
Metzgar, Jordan S., Judith E. Skog, Elizabeth A. Zimmer, and
Kathleen M. Pryer (2008). "The Paraphyly of
167:
4505:
4239:
3958:
3945:
1336:
1315:
4604:
4361:
4070:
675:. Cinnamon Ferns do not actually produce cinnamon; they are named for the color of the fertile fronds.
3984:
4309:
4466:
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1374:
270:
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610:
4208:
3953:
1523:
1071:
568:
385:
332:
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618:
4531:
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4291:
4195:
3940:
3905:
3867:
4023:
1369:
836:
4062:
1486:
1177:
474:
433:
2724:
837:"Stems of a New Osmundaceous Fern from the Middle Jurassic of Kursk Region, European Russia"
753:. This is borne out by the fact that it is known to hybridize with the American royal fern,
4583:
4438:
4340:
3927:
2719:
2465:
1083:
848:
644:-bearing fronds are erect and shorter, 20โ45 cm (7.9โ17.7 in) tall; they become
8:
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4353:
3101:
1884:
1867:
1777:
1625:
755:
741:
134:
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1087:
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2160:
1911:
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905:
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790:
The Asian and
American populations of cinnamon fern are generally considered to be
706:, it is either necessary then to include all species of the Osmundaceae, including
120:
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78:
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262:
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2509:
2503:
2298:
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1994:
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1658:
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1139:
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232:
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128:
Developing spore-bearing frond and several sterile fronds in late spring
53:
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4226:
3971:
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3507:
3393:
3193:
2709:
2636:
2604:
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2121:
1798:
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1578:
1215:
1197:
Bomfleur, Benjamin; Grimm, Guido W.; McLoughlin, Stephen (2017-07-11).
961:
910:
703:
633:
582: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
399: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
98:
63:
4252:
3997:
2735:
1122:"Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, and Surrounding Areas"
1070:
Rothwell, Gar W.; Stockey, Ruth A.; Smith, Selena Y. (December 2020).
4451:
2374:
2270:
2136:
2020:
1818:
1598:
1567:
630:
103:
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451:
93:
88:
73:
68:
58:
47:
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1558:
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254:
250:
108:
83:
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813:
4443:
672:
517:
481:
43:
1993:
1271:
is
Confirmed by Phylogenetic Analyses of Seven Plastid Loci."
943:
Benjamin
Bomfleur; Guido W. Grimm; Stephen McLoughlin (2017).
2832:
2826:
2585:
1998:
1696:
1410:
708:
656:
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637:
513:
509:
505:
179:
2766:
2370:
2089:
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455:
212:
202:
1698:
1138:
Jud, Nathan, Gar W. Rothwell, and Ruth A. Stockey (2008).
1196:
891:
1412:
739:
Formerly, some authors included the interrupted fern,
1069:
892:Bomfleur, B.; Grimm, G. W.; McLoughlin, S. (2017).
2220:
2169:
1893:
834:
724:, or else it is necessary to segregate the genus
691:Traditionally, this plant has been classified as
636:plant that produces separate fertile and sterile
4683:
1722:
1370:Rook.org - Cinnamon fern description & photo
1023:Serbet, Rudolph; Rothwell, Gar W. (March 1999).
2401:
1119:
458:, growing in swamps, bogs and moist woodlands.
2351:
2000:
1022:
2751:
1542:
1390:
1278:Serbet, Rudolf, and Gar W. Rothwell (1999). "
765:in a family in which hybrids are rare, while
1182:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3239:
2758:
2744:
2715:
1397:
1383:
835:Bazhenova, N. V.; Bazhenov, A. V. (2019).
143:
119:
2269:
2018:
1232:
1214:
1159:
1115:
1113:
970:
960:
919:
909:
614:Close-up of the pinnae of a sterile frond
598:Learn how and when to remove this message
415:Learn how and when to remove this message
812:
682:
671:, especially in propagating and growing
617:
609:
2765:
1355:United States Department of Agriculture
1346:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1329:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1284:International Journal of Plant Sciences
1029:International Journal of Plant Sciences
887:
885:
536:has a fossil record extending into the
14:
4684:
1110:
500:. In Asia it occurs from southeastern
3866:
3865:
2739:
1992:
1378:
1133:
1131:
882:
808:Native American Ethnobotany Database
663:plants. They are often harvested as
580:adding citations to reliable sources
551:
397:adding citations to reliable sources
368:
655:fern forms huge clonal colonies in
24:
4367:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60447721-2
4076:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30084520-2
1307:Flora of North America treatment:
1261:
1128:
817:A large cinnamon fern outcropping.
547:
25:
4723:
1290:
936:
678:
4610:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:281798-2
2714:
556:
373:
166:
51:
567:needs additional citations for
384:needs additional citations for
2725:Current definitions of Plantae
1190:
1120:Alan S. Weakley (April 2008).
1063:
1016:
987:
828:
13:
1:
1351:Agricultural Research Service
1096:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104592
821:
622:Sterile fronds in late summer
995:"NatureServe Explorer 2.0 -
7:
4707:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
276:(von Linnรฉ 1753) Presl 1848
10:
4728:
4692:NatureServe secure species
1148:American Journal of Botany
745:, in the genus or section
4413:
4122:
3874:
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3721:
3709:
3695:
3667:
3653:
3644:
3601:
3570:
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3526:
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3434:
3416:
3392:
3304:
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3232:
3210:
3192:
3185:
3073:
3013:
3006:
2967:
2942:
2933:
2843:
2818:
2814:
2774:
2697:
2613:
2572:
2461:
2446:
2397:
2388:
2347:
2327:
2316:
2265:
2256:
2216:
2201:
2197:
2157:
2153:
2088:
2061:
2029:
2014:
2010:
1988:
1936:
1920:
1902:
1856:
1852:
1786:
1765:
1753:
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1718:
1689:
1667:
1649:
1597:
1577:
1557:
1553:
1538:
1422:
861:10.1134/S0031030119050034
440:with one living species,
348:
341:
286:
281:
268:
261:
163:Scientific classification
161:
141:
132:
127:
118:
34:
4702:Plants described in 1753
4154:Osmundastrum cinnamomeum
4124:Osmundastrum cinnamomeum
1314:Flora of North America:
1305:Flora of North America:
1299:Osmundastrum cinnamomeum
1275:, 33(1): pp. 31โ36.
1003:explorer.natureserve.org
787:of Tasmania, Australia.
773:Osmundastrum cinnamomeum
767:Osmundastrum cinnamomeum
653:Osmundastrum cinnamomeum
627:Osmundastrum cinnamomeum
534:Osmundastrum cinnamomeum
473:, and south through the
465:it occurs from southern
443:Osmundastrum cinnamomeum
271:Osmundastrum cinnamomeum
1297:USDA Plants treatment:
841:Paleontological Journal
801:
818:
796:Osmundastrum asiaticum
769:has no known hybrids.
688:
623:
615:
450:. It is native to the
434:leptosporangiate ferns
4712:Monotypic fern genera
3479:Acrostichopteridaceae
816:
686:
621:
613:
2720:List of plant orders
2600:Pinopsida (conifers)
2586:Cycadopsida (cycads)
2578:(living gymnosperms)
2075:Leiosporocerotopsida
1794:Nephroselmidophyceae
1325:"Osmunda cinnamomea"
1161:10.3732/ajb.95.3.330
576:improve this article
393:improve this article
301:(Hollick) Chelebaeva
3316:Anachoropteridaceae
3162:Gondwanostachyaceae
3132:Manchurostachyaceae
3102:Archaeocalamitaceae
2909:Pseudosporochnaceae
2428:Archaeopteridopsida
2161:Polysporangiophytes
1885:Klebsormidiophyceae
1868:Mesostigmatophyceae
1814:Chlorodendrophyceae
1778:Pyramimonadophyceae
1732:Prasinodermophyceae
1626:Compsopogonophyceae
1088:2020CrRes.11604592R
1076:Cretaceous Research
853:2019PalJ...53..540B
756:Osmunda spectabilis
742:Osmunda claytoniana
687:Spore-bearing frond
135:Conservation status
4415:Osmunda cinnamomea
3734:Rhachidosoridaceae
3342:Botryopteridiaceae
3322:Psalixochlaenaceae
3310:Anachoropteridales
3084:Asterocalamitaceae
2903:Pseudosporochnales
2619:(flowering plants)
2540:Lyginopteridopsida
2333:Eophyllophytopsida
2286:Zosterophyllopsida
2224:Paratracheophytes*
2002:sensu strictissimo
1912:Coleochaetophyceae
1895:Phragmoplastophyta
1737:Palmophyllophyceae
1659:Glaucocystophyceae
1621:Stylonematophyceae
1616:Porphyridiophyceae
1405:Classification of
1364:Osmunda cinnamomea
1339:Osmunda cinnamomea
1318:Osmunda cinnamomea
1309:Osmunda cinnamomea
1280:Osmunda cinnamomea
1216:10.7717/peerj.3433
997:Osmunda cinnamomea
962:10.7717/peerj.3433
911:10.7717/peerj.3433
819:
693:Osmunda cinnamomea
689:
624:
616:
492:it occurs west to
4679:
4678:
4579:Open Tree of Life
4336:Open Tree of Life
4058:Open Tree of Life
3868:Taxon identifiers
3859:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3800:Didymochlaenaceae
3739:Diplaziopsidaceae
3640:
3639:
3578:Thyrsopteridaceae
3571:Thyrsopteridineae
3548:Hydropteridiaceae
3497:Stachypteridaceae
3382:Urnatopteridaceae
3356:Senftenbergiaceae
3336:Botryopteridiales
3293:
3292:
3250:Knorripteridaceae
3228:
3227:
3181:
3180:
3156:Echinostachyaceae
3039:Aspidostachyaceae
2957:Stauropteridaceae
2943:โ Stauropterididae
2733:
2732:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2627:Basal angiosperms
2528:Gigantopteridales
2477:seed plant groups
2475:and other extinct
2442:
2441:
2416:Noeggerathiopsida
2384:
2383:
2339:Trimerophytopsida
2312:
2311:
2252:
2251:
2208:(vascular plants)
2173:Protracheophytes*
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2112:Andreaeobryopsida
2053:Jungermanniopsida
1984:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1873:Chlorokybophyceae
1848:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1804:Chloropicophyceae
1745:
1744:
1724:Prasinodermophyta
1685:
1684:
1362:Flora of Taiwan:
1273:Systematic Botany
806:According to the
608:
607:
600:
425:
424:
417:
367:
366:
361:
324:O. precinnamomeum
302:
257:
156:
16:(Redirected from
4719:
4672:
4671:
4659:
4658:
4649:
4648:
4639:
4638:
4626:
4625:
4613:
4612:
4600:
4599:
4587:
4586:
4574:
4573:
4561:
4560:
4548:
4547:
4535:
4534:
4522:
4521:
4509:
4508:
4496:
4495:
4483:
4482:
4470:
4469:
4460:
4459:
4447:
4446:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4406:
4405:
4393:
4392:
4383:
4382:
4370:
4369:
4357:
4356:
4344:
4343:
4331:
4330:
4318:
4317:
4305:
4304:
4295:
4294:
4282:
4281:
4269:
4268:
4256:
4255:
4243:
4242:
4230:
4229:
4217:
4216:
4204:
4203:
4191:
4190:
4178:
4177:
4168:
4167:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4115:
4114:
4102:
4101:
4092:
4091:
4079:
4078:
4066:
4065:
4053:
4052:
4040:
4039:
4027:
4026:
4014:
4013:
4001:
4000:
3988:
3987:
3975:
3974:
3962:
3961:
3949:
3948:
3936:
3935:
3923:
3922:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3863:
3862:
3815:Nephrolepidaceae
3810:Lomariopsidaceae
3759:Thelypteridaceae
3749:Desmophlebiaceae
3729:Cystopteridaceae
3715:Dennstaedtiaceae
3710:Dennstaedtiineae
3651:
3650:
3568:
3567:
3426:Hymenophyllaceae
3376:Discopteridaceae
3364:Urnatopteridales
3350:Senftenbergiales
3302:
3301:
3237:
3236:
3190:
3189:
3138:Notocalamitaceae
3126:Konnostachyaceae
3108:Paracalamitaceae
3090:Autophyllitaceae
3063:Sphenophyllaceae
3051:Boegendorfiaceae
3045:Boegendorfiaceae
3025:Pseudoborniaceae
3011:
3010:
2951:Stauropteridales
2940:
2939:
2895:Iridopteridaceae
2816:
2815:
2801:Acrogymnospermae
2760:
2753:
2746:
2737:
2736:
2718:
2717:
2632:Core angiosperms
2620:
2579:
2574:Acrogymnospermae
2552:Peltaspermopsida
2534:Glossopteridales
2516:Corystospermales
2498:Callistophytales
2478:
2470:
2464:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2422:Aneurophytopsida
2404:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2349:
2348:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2280:Barinophytopsida
2267:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2223:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2199:
2198:
2181:Horneophytopsida
2172:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2155:
2154:
2095:
2080:Anthocerotopsida
2068:
2063:Anthocerotophyta
2043:Haplomitriopsida
2036:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2004:
1990:
1989:
1943:
1934:
1933:
1928:Zygnematophyceae
1918:
1917:
1900:
1899:
1891:
1890:
1861:
1854:
1853:
1829:Trebouxiophyceae
1799:Picocystophyceae
1763:
1762:
1759:
1751:
1750:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1702:
1604:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1540:
1539:
1451:
1431:
1416:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1376:
1375:
1358:
1332:
1255:
1254:
1236:
1218:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1173:
1163:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1117:
1108:
1107:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
991:
985:
984:
974:
964:
940:
934:
933:
923:
913:
889:
880:
879:
877:
875:
832:
775:is considered a
762:Osmunda ร ruggii
603:
596:
592:
589:
583:
560:
552:
420:
413:
409:
406:
400:
377:
369:
359:
300:
248:
171:
170:
150:
147:
146:
123:
113:
50:
40:Temporal range:
32:
31:
21:
4727:
4726:
4722:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4682:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4667:
4662:
4654:
4652:
4644:
4642:
4634:
4629:
4621:
4616:
4608:
4603:
4595:
4590:
4582:
4577:
4569:
4566:Observation.org
4564:
4556:
4551:
4543:
4538:
4530:
4525:
4517:
4512:
4504:
4499:
4491:
4486:
4478:
4473:
4465:
4463:
4455:
4450:
4442:
4437:
4428:
4427:
4422:
4409:
4401:
4396:
4388:
4386:
4378:
4373:
4365:
4360:
4352:
4347:
4339:
4334:
4326:
4321:
4313:
4308:
4300:
4299:MichiganFlora:
4298:
4290:
4285:
4277:
4272:
4264:
4259:
4251:
4246:
4238:
4233:
4225:
4220:
4212:
4207:
4199:
4194:
4186:
4181:
4173:
4171:
4163:
4161:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4118:
4110:
4105:
4097:
4095:
4087:
4082:
4074:
4069:
4061:
4056:
4048:
4043:
4035:
4030:
4022:
4017:
4009:
4004:
3996:
3991:
3983:
3978:
3970:
3965:
3957:
3952:
3944:
3939:
3931:
3926:
3918:
3913:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3889:
3888:
3883:
3870:
3860:
3839:
3805:Dryopteridaceae
3795:Hypodematiaceae
3783:
3717:
3705:
3691:
3663:
3661:Saccolomataceae
3655:Saccolomatineae
3636:
3597:
3588:Plagiogyriaceae
3557:
3537:Heroleandraceae
3522:
3485:Cynepteridaceae
3464:
3445:Oligocarpiaceae
3430:
3418:Hymenophyllales
3412:
3388:
3370:Crossothecaceae
3289:
3280:Danaeopsidaceae
3274:Asterothecaceae
3262:Ptychocarpaceae
3256:Pecopteridaceae
3224:
3220:Ophioglossaceae
3206:
3177:
3150:Sorocaulinaceae
3144:Schizoneuraceae
3120:Apocalamitaceae
3069:
3057:Eviostachyaceae
3033:Sphenophyllales
3019:Pseudoborniales
3002:
2996:Zygopteridaceae
2968:โ Zygopterididae
2963:
2929:
2889:Iridopteridales
2839:
2810:
2791:Marchantiophyta
2770:
2764:
2734:
2729:
2653:
2618:
2617:
2609:
2577:
2576:
2568:
2522:Czekanowskiales
2476:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2462:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2438:
2402:
2389:
2380:
2352:Moniliformopses
2343:
2317:
2308:
2258:Eutracheophytes
2257:
2248:
2221:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2193:
2170:
2158:
2141:
2132:Polytrichopsida
2127:Tetraphidopsida
2093:
2092:
2084:
2066:
2065:
2057:
2048:Marchantiopsida
2034:
2033:
2031:Marchantiophyta
2019:
2006:
1952:
1941:
1940:
1932:
1916:
1889:
1857:
1840:
1782:
1773:Mamiellophyceae
1754:
1741:
1710:
1704:
1694:
1693:
1681:
1663:
1645:
1641:Florideophyceae
1631:Rhodellophyceae
1611:Cyanidiophyceae
1602:
1601:
1593:
1573:
1543:
1534:
1533:
1449:
1427:
1418:
1403:
1335:
1323:
1301:(Cinnamon fern)
1293:
1286:, 160: 425โ433.
1264:
1262:Further reading
1259:
1258:
1195:
1191:
1175:
1174:
1136:
1129:
1118:
1111:
1068:
1064:
1021:
1017:
1007:
1005:
993:
992:
988:
941:
937:
890:
883:
873:
871:
833:
829:
824:
804:
681:
669:horticulturally
604:
593:
587:
584:
573:
561:
550:
548:Characteristics
538:Late Cretaceous
421:
410:
404:
401:
390:
378:
277:
274:
247:
165:
157:
148:
144:
137:
114:
112:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
42:
41:
38:
28:
27:Species of fern
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4725:
4715:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4669:wfo-0001109065
4660:
4650:
4640:
4627:
4614:
4601:
4588:
4575:
4562:
4549:
4536:
4523:
4510:
4497:
4484:
4471:
4461:
4448:
4435:
4419:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4403:wfo-0001113307
4394:
4384:
4371:
4358:
4345:
4332:
4319:
4306:
4296:
4283:
4270:
4257:
4244:
4231:
4218:
4205:
4192:
4179:
4169:
4159:
4144:
4128:
4126:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4112:wfo-4000027399
4103:
4093:
4080:
4067:
4054:
4041:
4028:
4015:
4002:
3989:
3976:
3963:
3950:
3937:
3924:
3911:
3896:
3880:
3878:
3872:
3871:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3744:Hemidictyaceae
3741:
3736:
3731:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3682:Lonchitidaceae
3679:
3673:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3657:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3607:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3574:
3572:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3544:
3539:
3532:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3499:
3493:
3487:
3481:
3474:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3455:Gleicheniaceae
3452:
3447:
3440:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3422:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3398:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3378:
3372:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3324:
3318:
3305:
3299:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3276:
3270:
3268:Weichseliaceae
3264:
3258:
3252:
3245:
3243:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3216:
3214:
3212:Ophioglossales
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3198:
3196:
3187:
3186:Ophioglossidae
3183:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3168:Tchernoviaceae
3164:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3098:
3096:Honseleriaceae
3092:
3086:
3079:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3059:
3053:
3047:
3041:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3014:
3008:
3004:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2990:Zygopteridales
2986:
2985:
2984:
2982:Rhacophytaceae
2971:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2946:
2944:
2937:
2935:Polypodiopsida
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2863:
2850:
2848:
2846:Cladoxylopsida
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2822:
2820:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2796:Polypodiophyta
2793:
2788:
2783:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:classification
2763:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2740:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2712:
2706:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2629:
2623:
2621:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2588:
2582:
2580:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2560:
2558:Pentoxylopsida
2554:
2548:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2506:
2500:
2494:
2492:Calamopityales
2488:
2481:
2479:
2456:
2449:Spermatophytes
2444:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2411:
2409:
2406:Progymnosperms
2392:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2371:Polypodiopsida
2368:
2366:Cladoxylopsida
2362:
2355:
2353:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2335:
2328:
2322:
2319:Euphyllophytes
2314:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2291:Lycopodiopsida
2288:
2282:
2275:
2273:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2232:Cooksoniopsida
2227:
2225:
2211:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2183:
2176:
2174:
2164:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2122:Oedipodiopsida
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2096:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2024:
2008:
2007:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1944:
1931:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1769:
1767:
1766:Prasinophytina
1760:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1728:
1726:
1713:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1669:incertae sedis
1665:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1607:
1605:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1583:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1563:
1561:
1548:
1545:Archaeplastida
1536:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1524:Mesomycetozoea
1521:
1516:
1506:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1460:Diaphoretickes
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1407:Archaeplastida
1402:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1359:
1333:
1321:
1312:
1303:
1292:
1291:External links
1289:
1288:
1287:
1276:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1189:
1154:(3): 330โ339.
1127:
1109:
1062:
1041:10.1086/314134
1035:(2): 425โ433.
1015:
999:Cinnamon Fern"
986:
935:
881:
847:(5): 540โ550.
826:
825:
823:
820:
803:
800:
730:O. cinnamomeum
680:
679:Classification
677:
606:
605:
564:
562:
555:
549:
546:
504:south through
436:in the family
423:
422:
381:
379:
372:
365:
364:
363:
362:
346:
345:
339:
338:
337:
336:
328:
319:
311:
303:
292:
290:O. cinnamomeum
284:
283:
279:
278:
275:
266:
265:
259:
258:
240:
236:
235:
230:
226:
225:
220:
216:
215:
213:Polypodiopsida
210:
206:
205:
203:Polypodiophyta
200:
196:
195:
190:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
159:
158:
142:
139:
138:
133:
130:
129:
125:
124:
116:
115:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
39:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4724:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4670:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4651:
4647:
4641:
4637:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4462:
4458:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4440:
4436:
4431:
4425:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4412:
4404:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4385:
4381:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4297:
4293:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4170:
4166:
4160:
4155:
4149:
4145:
4140:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4113:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4094:
4090:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3916:
3912:
3907:
3901:
3897:
3892:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3864:
3836:
3835:Polypodiaceae
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3788:Polypodiineae
3786:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3643:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3627:Dicksoniaceae
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3583:Loxsomataceae
3581:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3450:Dipteridaceae
3448:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3436:Gleicheniales
3433:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3383:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3231:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3184:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3064:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3005:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2976:Rhacophytales
2973:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2924:
2923:Steloxylaceae
2920:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2867:Voelkeliaceae
2864:
2862:
2861:Cladoxylaceae
2858:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2842:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2768:
2761:
2756:
2754:
2749:
2747:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2487:
2486:Bennettitales
2483:
2482:
2480:
2467:
2466:Pteridosperms
2460:
2457:
2453:(seed plants)
2450:
2445:
2435:
2434:Protopityales
2431:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2387:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2315:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2255:
2245:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2219:
2215:
2212:
2205:
2204:Tracheophytes
2200:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2156:
2152:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2117:Andreaeopsida
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2003:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1942:(land plants)
1939:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1835:
1834:Chlorophyceae
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1809:Pedinophyceae
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:Chlorophytina
1785:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1752:
1748:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1708:
1703:
1701:
1692:
1691:Viridiplantae
1688:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1636:Bangiophyceae
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1487:Stramenopiles
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1450:(major groups
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1415:
1408:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1388:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1295:
1294:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1193:
1185:
1179:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1134:
1132:
1123:
1116:
1114:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1066:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1004:
1000:
998:
990:
982:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
954:
950:
946:
939:
931:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
903:
899:
895:
888:
886:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
831:
827:
815:
811:
809:
799:
797:
793:
788:
786:
782:
781:O. indentatum
778:
777:living fossil
774:
770:
768:
764:
763:
758:
757:
752:
748:
744:
743:
737:
735:
731:
727:
723:
722:
718:in the genus
717:
716:
711:
710:
705:
704:Cladistically
701:
697:
694:
685:
676:
674:
670:
666:
665:osmunda fiber
662:
658:
654:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
632:
628:
620:
612:
602:
599:
591:
588:November 2017
581:
577:
571:
570:
565:This section
563:
559:
554:
553:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
496:and south to
495:
491:
490:South America
487:
483:
479:
478:United States
476:
472:
468:
464:
463:North America
459:
457:
453:
449:
448:cinnamon fern
445:
444:
439:
435:
431:
430:
419:
416:
408:
405:November 2017
398:
394:
388:
387:
382:This section
380:
376:
371:
370:
357:
353:
350:
349:
347:
344:
340:
335:
334:
333:O. pulchellum
329:
326:
325:
320:
318:
317:
316:O. indentatum
312:
310:
309:
304:
299:
298:
293:
291:
288:
287:
285:
280:
273:
272:
267:
264:
260:
256:
252:
246:
245:
241:
238:
237:
234:
231:
228:
227:
224:
221:
218:
217:
214:
211:
208:
207:
204:
201:
198:
197:
194:
193:Tracheophytes
191:
188:
185:
184:
181:
178:
175:
174:
169:
164:
160:
154:
140:
136:
131:
126:
122:
117:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
49:
45:
37:
33:
30:
19:
18:Cinnamon fern
4414:
4354:tro-26607565
4123:
3906:Osmundastrum
3876:Osmundastrum
3875:
3830:Davalliaceae
3825:Oleandraceae
3820:Tectariaceae
3754:Aspleniaceae
3722:Aspleniineae
3687:Lindsaeaceae
3677:Cystodiaceae
3669:Lindsaeineae
3646:Polypodiales
3612:Tanydoraceae
3553:Salviniaceae
3542:Marsileaceae
3518:Schizaeaceae
3503:Tempskyaceae
3298:Polypodiidae
3285:Marattiaceae
3173:Equisetaceae
3114:Calamitaceae
2917:Steloxylales
2855:Cladoxylales
2806:Angiospermae
2703:paraphyletic
2615:Angiospermae
2592:
2591:Ginkgoales (
2564:Petriellales
2546:Medullosales
2473:(seed ferns)
2186:
2107:Sphagnopsida
2102:Takakiopsida
2035:(liverworts)
2001:
1995:Embryophytes
1949:(see belowโ)
1907:Charophyceae
1877:
1859:Streptophyta
1711:land plants)
1699:
1668:
1586:
1579:Rhodelphidia
1566:
1509:Opisthokonta
1413:
1363:
1344:
1338:
1317:
1308:
1298:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1268:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1178:cite journal
1151:
1147:
1141:
1079:
1075:
1065:
1032:
1028:
1018:
1006:. Retrieved
1002:
996:
989:
952:
948:
938:
901:
897:
872:. Retrieved
844:
840:
830:
805:
795:
789:
780:
772:
771:
766:
760:
754:
750:
747:Osmundastrum
746:
740:
738:
734:Osmundastrum
733:
729:
726:Osmundastrum
725:
719:
713:
707:
692:
690:
652:
650:
626:
625:
594:
585:
574:Please help
569:verification
566:
533:
460:
454:and eastern
447:
442:
441:
432:is genus of
429:Osmundastrum
428:
427:
426:
411:
402:
391:Please help
386:verification
383:
356:Osmundastrum
355:
351:
331:
322:
314:
308:O. gvozdevae
306:
295:
289:
269:
263:Type species
244:Osmundastrum
243:
242:
186:
36:Osmundastrum
35:
29:
4553:NatureServe
4248:iNaturalist
4148:Wikispecies
3993:iNaturalist
3900:Wikispecies
3779:Athyriaceae
3774:Blechnaceae
3769:Onocleaceae
3764:Woodsiaceae
3703:Pteridaceae
3697:Pteridineae
3632:Cyatheaceae
3622:Cibotiaceae
3617:Metaxyaceae
3603:Cyatheineae
3593:Culcitaceae
3528:Salviniales
3513:Lygodiaceae
3470:Schizaeales
3460:Matoniaceae
3408:Osmundaceae
3403:Guaireaceae
3328:Sermayaceae
3241:Marattiales
3233:Marattiidae
3202:Psilotaceae
3075:Equisetales
3007:Equisetidae
2819:Basal clade
2778:Supergroup
2510:Cordaitales
2504:Caytoniales
2390:Lignophytes
2373:(ferns and
2299:spikemosses
2238:Rhyniopsida
2188:Aglaophyton
2067:(hornworts)
1938:Embryophyta
1921:Anydrophyta
1879:Spirotaenia
1824:Ulvophyceae
1757:Chlorophyta
1707:green algae
1677:Algospongia
1651:Glaucophyta
1603:(red algae)
759:to produce
715:Leptopteris
700:Osmundaceae
486:West Indies
480:to eastern
438:Osmundaceae
297:O. dubiosum
233:Osmundaceae
153:NatureServe
4697:Osmundales
4686:Categories
4653:WisFlora:
4349:Plant List
4266:60447721-2
4011:30084520-2
3563:Cyatheales
3508:Anemiaceae
3491:Klukiaceae
3394:Osmundales
3194:Psilotales
2881:Hyeniaceae
2637:Magnoliids
2605:Gnetopsida
2375:horsetails
2303:quillworts
2295:clubmosses
2271:Lycophytes
2244:Renaliales
2021:Bryophytes
1599:Rhodophyta
1588:Rhodelphis
1316:RangeMap:
1082:: 104592.
874:9 November
822:References
634:herbaceous
360:Presl 1845
223:Osmundales
199:Division:
4480:200002992
4430:Q19847984
4292:192143416
4214:242334929
4201:242334929
2875:Hyeniales
2833:Ibykaceae
2786:Bryophyta
2137:Bryopsida
2090:Bryophyta
1819:UTC clade
1568:Picomonas
1504:Amoebozoa
1482:Alveolata
1470:Cryptista
1445:Eukaryota
1225:2167-8359
1209:: e3433.
1104:224893472
1049:1058-5893
1008:9 October
955:: e3433.
904:: e3433.
869:203848747
792:varieties
783:from the
667:and used
661:epiphytal
631:deciduous
176:Kingdom:
4643:VASCAN:
4636:26602191
4631:Tropicos
4558:2.142663
4532:10199739
4519:281798-2
4424:Wikidata
4387:VASCAN:
4380:26607565
4375:Tropicos
4139:Q1802734
4133:Wikidata
4096:VASCAN:
4089:40034540
4084:Tropicos
3891:Q2072476
3885:Wikidata
2827:Ibykales
2647:Eudicots
2642:Monocots
2360:Ibykales
2094:(mosses)
1999:Plantae
1697:Plantae
1499:Amorphea
1477:Rhizaria
1465:Hacrobia
1455:Excavata
1440:Bacteria
1411:Plantae
1251:12235529
1243:28713650
1170:21632358
1057:84290371
981:28713650
930:28713650
785:Triassic
646:cinnamon
542:Triassic
526:Thailand
498:Paraguay
484:and the
469:west to
467:Labrador
452:Americas
343:Synonyms
282:Species
229:Family:
48:Holocene
4493:2651326
4310:MoBotPF
4279:1012094
4227:7319895
4063:1026407
4024:1102106
3972:7319889
3933:6112120
2710:extinct
1559:Picozoa
1514:Animals
1435:Archaea
1269:Osmunda
1234:5508817
1084:Bibcode
972:5508817
921:5508817
849:Bibcode
751:Osmunda
721:Osmunda
673:orchids
530:Vietnam
522:Myanmar
502:Siberia
475:eastern
471:Ontario
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