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618:, 1802. The species appears to have first colonised Britain near Kingsbridge, most likely not long before Montagu described it. It expanded from there across southern England in the nineteenth century. It retreated from the 1930s onwards, so that by 1989 the population again survived mainly near Kingsbridge. Since then, conservation efforts have increased the population more than fivefold, but it remains almost wholly in Devon.
453:), and is around 15.5 cm (6.1 in) in length with a wing-span 22–25.5 cm (8.7–10.0 in). It has a thick seed-eater's bill. The male has a bright yellow head, with a black crown, eyestripe and throat, and a greenish breast band across its otherwise yellow underparts, and a heavily streaked brown back. The female is much more like the yellowhammer, but has a streaked grey-brown rump and chestnut shoulders.
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are laid, which show the hair-like markings characteristic of buntings. They are incubated only by the female and hatch 12–13 days after the last egg is laid. The young are cared for and fed by both parents. They nestlings fledge after 11–13 days but continue to be fed by their parents for a further
55:
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runs the "Cirl
Bunting Project", part of a larger project called "Action for Birds". Through the efforts of conservation organisations and landowners, the cirl bunting population has increased from 118 pairs in 1989 to 700 pairs in 2003. However, their range has not expanded.
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in winter. It is common in all sorts of open areas with some scrub or trees, but has a preference for sunny slopes. In the 19th century it was introduced to New
Zealand and the persistent population remains in the
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They are sedentary in nature and will often travel only 250 metres (820 ft) from their nests to forage in summer, and up to 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) in winter to find stubble.
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fields, divided by thick hedgerows with pockets of dense scrub. They can tolerate a certain degree of urbanisation, and are found in green spaces in towns and cities, even
661:) until the end of the following March. This allows the cirl bunting to feed over the winter on the spilt grain and seeds of broad-leaved arable weeds like
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Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
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Cirl buntings first breed when they are one year of age. The nest is at low level, within dense cover such as that provided by thick
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Changes in agricultural practice have affected this species very adversely at the northern fringes of its range, and in
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to feed their chicks. In the winter they feed on small seeds from over-wintered stubbles, fallow land,
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Handbook of the Birds of Europe the Middle East and North Africa. The Birds of the
Western Palearctic
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1038:. Vol. IX: Buntings and New World Warblers. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 170–182.
796:(in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (12th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 311.
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Sow barley-based wild bird seed mix crop. This crop has an open structure, allowing birds to forage.
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Maintain semi-improved or rough grassland and field margins, particularly tussocky grasses such as
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A very small cirl bunting population exists in South Devon in
England, near the small town of
353:, where it once occurred over much of the south of the country, it is now restricted to south
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Delay spraying insecticides to provide invertebrate food for as long as possible.
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Ageing and sexing (PDF; 4.8 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta and Gerd-Michael Heinze
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Emberizidae, a group now separated by most modern authors from the
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RSPB, Natural
England, Paignton Zoo Cirl Bunting Re-introduction Project
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Miskelly, C.M. (ed.) New
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Ornithological
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357:. The cirl bunting is the mascot on the signs for the village of
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RSPB hails 'remarkable' recovery of threatened cirl bunting
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Allow stubbles to overwinter. Leave crops such as spring
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discovered the species, as he recorded in his book, the
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The monotonous song of the cock is rattling trill, like
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813:. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. pp.
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The ideal farmland habitat is a mixture of grass and
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Overwinter
Stubbles Advice for Farmers RSPB website
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742:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22720888A132004013.en
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695:A partnership between Natural England and the
1077:Natural England and RSPB Cirl Bunting Project
1066:An RSPB guide to cirl bunting sites in Devon.
930:"Farming for Birds Cirl Bunting RSPB" leaflet
638:has various options to conserve the species:
537:In the summer their natural food consists of
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810:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
763:The RSPB: Projects: The Cirl Bunting Project
553:, and the over-winter feeding of stock with
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881:"Sylviid babblers, parrotbills, white-eyes"
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429:, to whistle as a thrush". The species is
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978:. Chatto & Windus. pp. 462–463.
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333:It breeds across southern Europe, on the
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1087:RSPB website description, including song
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237:Geographic distribution shown in green
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1002:. Natural England. 2008. p. 29.
887:. International Ornithologists' Union
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524:but occasionally three. Two to five
1497:IUCN Red List least concern species
728:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
608:where the pioneering ornithologist
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773:Angus, D. J. 2013 . Cirl bunting.
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445:The cirl bunting is like a small
1000:Entry Level Stewardship Handbook
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504:. The ideal scrub is said to be
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409:is from a local Italian name
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1522:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
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417:, "to chirp". The English
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952:Montagu, George (1802).
941:Cramp & Perrins 1994
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906:Cramp & Perrins 1994
561:. They tend to feed in
468:Distribution and habitat
1517:Birds described in 1766
879:, eds. (January 2021).
851:Oxford University Press
262:Cuculus canorus canorus
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1068:Retrieved 18 May 2007
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369:The cirl bunting was
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1306:Fauna Europaea (new)
577:Frontispiece of the
529:two or three weeks.
487:Behavior and ecology
958:, London: J. White.
943:, pp. 179–180.
849:(Online ed.).
565:during the winter.
451:Emberiza citrinella
74:Conservation status
875:; Donsker, David;
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387:under its current
371:formally described
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857:(Subscription or
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748:12 November
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659:cultivation
606:Kingsbridge
589:Kingsbridge
441:Description
171:Emberizidae
1491:Categories
1469:Xeno-canto
861:required.)
704:References
651:fertiliser
506:blackthorn
435:subspecies
400:Old German
361:in Devon.
672:Poa annua
667:chickweed
655:pesticide
551:set-aside
498:hedgerows
431:monotypic
317:passerine
189:Species:
127:Kingdom:
121:Eukaryota
65:, England
1502:Emberiza
1376:22720888
1350:11026365
1233:bob18580
1197:22720888
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