Indian nationality law

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holding nationality of another country, and all married women were considered to be of full age for the purposes of giving up citizenship regardless of their actual age. Minor children lost citizenship only if their fathers (not mothers) relinquished that status until 1992. Any Indian citizen who permanently settles in Pakistan or Bangladesh, or who voluntarily acquires citizenship of another country at any time automatically loses Indian citizenship. Between 2015 and 2019, about 670,000 people lost their Indian citizenship either through renunciation or automatic loss after acquiring a foreign nationality.

5718: 53: 8331: 386:. Protected persons could not travel to the UK without first requesting permission, but were afforded the same consular protection as British subjects when travelling outside of the Empire. A person with connections both to directly governed portions of British India and one of the princely states could be a British subject and British protected person simultaneously. 685:, residents automatically became Indian citizens on 20 December 1961 unless they had made a written declaration before this date stating their intention to retain their existing nationality. Portugal did not recognise the annexation of its former Indian territories; persons born in applicable areas before 3 June 1975 were recognized as Portuguese citizens. 939:. Overseas citizenship is a status created specifically to work around the constitutional prohibition on holding multiple nationalities; it is not considered a full form of Indian citizenship. All persons who (or whose parents or grandparents) have ever been citizens of Pakistan or Bangladesh are permanently ineligible for overseas citizenship. 496:, it was nervous at the prospect of these movements becoming revolutionary in nature and decided to forcefully suppress local unrest rather than politically address Indian concerns. As it became apparent that equality within the British Empire would not be possible, the focus of post-war Indian political movements turned towards independence. 397:. Until the mid-19th century, it was unclear whether naturalisation rules in the United Kingdom were applicable in other parts of the Empire. Each colony had wide discretion in developing their own procedures and requirements for admitting foreigners as subjects. Naturalisation in Britain was achieved through individual 868:

was mandatory. Prior to 10 December 1992, only children of Indian fathers (not mothers) were eligible for citizenship by descent. Indian citizens by descent who hold another nationality automatically cease to be Indian citizens six months after reaching the age of 18, unless they renounce their foreign nationality.

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Indian citizenship can be voluntarily relinquished by any person over the age of 18. Minor children of a person who gave up citizenship also cease to be citizens. On reaching adult age, these children have the option of resuming Indian citizenship within one year. Before 2003, relinquishment required

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Any person deemed to be an illegal migrant is typically barred from obtaining citizenship through both naturalisation and registration. However, migrants from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, or Pakistan who belong to selected religious communities (Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, or Christians) and

881:

for at least five years are also eligible to acquire citizenship by registration. Eligible individuals must be resident in the country for at least 12 months prior to an application for registration, and are subject to additional residence requirements depending on the criterion they qualified under.

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in 1985, which resulted in the addition of Section 6A to the Citizenship Act that same year. Under this change, any person who had been living in Assam prior to 1966 was an Indian citizen; those who settled there between 1966 and 1971 were removed from electoral rolls and subject to a 10-year waiting

405:

formalised a clear distinction between subjects who were naturalised in the UK and those who did so in other territories. Individuals who were naturalised in the UK were deemed to have received the status by imperial naturalisation, which was valid throughout the Empire. Those naturalised in colonies

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Certain non-citizens qualify for citizenship by registration if they are married to an Indian citizen, are minor children of Indian citizens, or are of Indian origin and living either in the country or outside the area of pre-partition India. Persons whose parents are Indian citizens, who themselves

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within a certain time frame for citizenship to be granted. Individuals born before 3 September 2004 were not required to have had their birth registered and received citizenship by descent automatically, unless either parent was an Indian citizen by descent, in which case registration of their birth

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Indian nationality regulations were broadly permissive when they were first created at the time of the republic's founding. Successive governments since the 1980s have gradually increased the difficulty of acquiring Indian citizenship in response to changing patterns of immigration from neighbouring

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Under the 1955 Citizenship Act, Commonwealth citizens were eligible to obtain Indian citizenship by registration in lieu of naturalisation, though there were no specific advantages to this method of acquisition. This pathway was available until Commonwealth citizen status was removed from Indian law

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and had either become domiciled in Indian territory before 19 July 1948, or had been registered as a citizen of India by Dominion officials after that date, but before commencement of the Constitution. Migrants from Pakistan were required to have been domiciled in India for at least six months prior

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was defined in this Act to have the same meaning. British subject/Commonwealth citizen status co-existed with the citizenship of each Commonwealth country. Because India had not enacted citizenship regulations by the time the 1948 Act took effect on 1 January 1949, Indians (and citizens of all other

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Indian citizens by descent can be dual citizens till 18 upon which they have to choose a citizenship. Dual citizenship was allowed with specific countries till 2005. Citizenship amendment bill of 2003 allowed citizens by descent to continue Indian citizenship after 18 if they registered as overseas

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in Sikkim. Subject status was further restricted by a requirement to have held property rights in Sikkim before 1937, effectively barring a large number of Nepali residents from obtaining a permanent status in the country. Dual citizenship was prohibited and women automatically lost their rights as

573:

Any individual domiciled in India automatically became an Indian citizen in 1949 if they were: born in India, born to at least one parent who themself was born in India, or living in India for at least five years prior to the Constitution's commencement. Individuals of Indian descent living outside

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entered into decline in the 18th century, giving the company opportunity to gain further advantages by intervening in regional politics. The vast financial resources of the firm and its superior military enabled it to defeat rival European trade companies and become the dominant power in India. The

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arrived in India prior to 2015 are not considered illegal migrants. They are eligible for naturalisation with a reduced residence requirement; at least five years of residence during the previous 14-year period, along with the additional 12 months of residence immediately preceding an application.

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after residing in the country for at least 11 of the previous 14 years, with an additional 12 months of residence immediately preceding an application, a total of 12 years. Anyone acquiring Indian citizenship through either naturalisation or registration must renounce their previous nationalities.

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Demands for an equal imperial citizenship with the same status and rights as European British subjects were a primary motivator for Indian civil rights movements throughout the Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. While the imperial government had recognised these claims as legitimate

454:

issued a royal proclamation to the "Princes, Chiefs and People of India" in 1858, declaring the Crown to be "bound to the natives of our Indian territories by the same obligations of duty which bind us to all our other subjects". Official rhetoric emphasised British subject status as a platform of

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was an autonomous monarchy in northeastern India from the 17th century to 1975. Although Britain (and later India) had control over its foreign affairs, Sikkim was never considered a princely state and always held full autonomy over domestic matters. Sikkim lacked codified nationality legislation

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after 1949. Non-white immigration into the UK was systemically discouraged, but strong economic conditions in Britain following the Second World War attracted an unprecedented wave of colonial migration. In response, the British Parliament imposed immigration controls on any Commonwealth citizens

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and India has been unrestricted since before a clear boundary existed between the two countries. While the British Indian government had encouraged Nepalese to settle in northeastern India to facilitate the growth of tea plantations in that area, high levels of migration between the two countries

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The ethnic qualification to subject status was particularly unpopular, leading to a revolt and the repeal of the regulation in the following year. However, the 1962 amendment also created a facilitated naturalisation pathway for non-subjects of native ancestry; any person descended from a person

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between 26 January 1950 and 1 July 1987 automatically received citizenship by birth regardless of the nationalities of their parents. Between 1 July 1987 and 3 December 2004, citizenship by birth was granted if at least one parent was a citizen. Individuals born in the country since then receive

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All persons born in India between 26 January 1950 and 1 July 1987 automatically received citizenship by birth regardless of the nationalities of their parents. From 1 July 1987 until 3 December 2004, children born in the country received Indian citizenship by birth if at least one parent was a

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The National Register of Citizens for Assam was comprehensively updated in 2019, with every citizen in the state required to show proof of their citizenship and pre-1971 settlement. 1.9 million people failed to provide sufficient documentation and were not listed on the register, leaving them

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until 1961, when the Sikkim Subject Regulation came into force. This legislation initially defined Sikkim subjects as anyone of native ancestry with their permanent home in the country, or a person permanently settled in Sikkim who had cut all ties with their previous country or had acquired

762:; an estimated 1.8 million people settled in the state in the 1970s, compared to 221,000 in the 1950s and 424,000 in the 1960s. During a local election in 1979, a substantial portion of the enrolled electorate was discovered to be non-citizens. The ensuing backlash triggered the multi-year 316:

Legislation passed in 1852 allowed foreigners residing in territory governed by the East India Company to naturalise as British subjects by application to the government. There was no minimum residence requirement and candidates simply needed approval from a relevant official. The

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after residing in the country for at least 12 years and renouncing any previous nationalities. Members of certain religious minority communities from neighbouring countries qualify for a reduced residence requirement of six years. Indian citizens who permanently settle in

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limited the scope of the Constitution's citizenship provisions for the immediate purpose of determining citizenship of these migrants. The Citizenship Act later enacted by Parliament in 1955 provides a full framework detailing citizenship requirements after that point.

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and British India to grant subject status to aliens by imperial naturalisation, but did not prevent further grants of local naturalisation under local legislation. The continued application of local naturalisation allowed British Indian authorities to avoid adding

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came into force on 26 November 1949, in advance of the document's full effective date and the country's conversion into a republic on 26 January 1950. The partition resulted in large-scale population movements across the new borders separating India and

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of the country could register for citizenship, but a person who had voluntarily acquired citizenship of a foreign state was barred from Indian citizenship. In this context, the definition of "foreign state" does not include Commonwealth member states.

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all enacted legislation severely restricting Indian immigration in some form by the early 20th century. Indians had greater success exercising their British subject rights in Britain itself, exemplified by the election of two Indian candidates to the

532:. Indians continued to be British subjects until independent India enacted its own nationality legislation. Subjects of the princely states, who were previously considered British protected persons, became British subjects of India when their states 7250: 2137: 3011: 750:

began during colonial rule. British authorities encouraged workers from outside the region to resettle there to provide a continual source of labour for railway construction, agricultural development, and resource mining. The

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Former Indian citizens and descendants of citizens have been eligible for overseas citizenship since its creation in 2003. This status gives its holders a lifelong entitlement to live and work in the country but they cannot

2238: 639:, which redefined the term "British subject" to no longer also include Commonwealth citizens. Indian citizens remain Commonwealth citizens in British law and are still eligible to vote and stand for public office in the UK. 630:

or Ireland. Britain somewhat relaxed these measures in 1971 for patrials, subjects whose parents or grandparents were born in the United Kingdom, which gave effective preferential treatment to white Commonwealth citizens.

458:

This ideal was directly contradicted by a series of immigration restrictions in other colonies and Dominions that were created to exclude non-white migrants, including Indian British subjects, from entering their borders.

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in 1983. Following the start of hostilities, about 100,000 people sought refuge in India. This event, combined with sustained unrest in Assam, led to another amendment to the Citizenship Act in 1986 that limited

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including long-term residents without property, Sikkimese women who married non-Sikkimese, and individuals who had otherwise qualified for subject status but failed to complete registration before 1975.

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and its accession to India in 1975, any person registered as a Sikkimese subject before 26 April 1975 became an Indian citizen. This process of acquisition left certain groups of people living in Sikkim

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Persons who migrated from the area that became part of Pakistan could be registered as Indian citizens if they (or a parent or grandparent) were born in any part of pre-partition India as defined by the

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Assam's population growth rate was substantially higher than the rest of India for the entire period between 1901 and 1981. The highest levels of migration occurred in the decade following the 1971

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restricted that entitlement only to children with two Indian parents, or those with one parent who is a citizen and if the other is not considered an illegal migrant. Mandatory registration in the

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Bhatia, Monish (2021). "State Violence in India: From Border Killings to the National Register of Citizens and the Citizenship Amendment Act". In Bhatia, Monish; Canning, Victoria (eds.).

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continued to occur due to cultural and religious similarities. Following Indian independence, the government negotiated a free movement agreement with Nepal that resulted in the 1950

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are not counted as illegal migrants for nationality purposes and are eligible for a reduced six-year residence requirement for naturalisation. The enactment of these changes sparked

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Although Britain held comprehensive jurisdiction in both types of holdings, domestic law treated the princely states as foreign territory. British protected persons were treated as

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Restrictions were selectively relaxed in 2019 for migrants from neighbouring countries belonging to certain religious groups who illegally entered India before 2015; persons from

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citizen. Since then, citizenship by birth is granted only if both parents are Indian citizens, or if one parent is a citizen and the other is not considered an illegal migrant.

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and is the common term used in international treaties when referring to members of a state; citizenship refers to the set of rights and duties a person has in that nation.

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were said to have gone through local naturalisation and were given subject status valid only within the relevant territory. For example, a subject locally naturalised in

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Huttenback, R.A. (November 1973). "The British Empire as a "White Man's Country" – Racial Attitudes and Immigration Legislation in the Colonies of White Settlement".

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Children born overseas are eligible to become Indian citizens by descent if at least one parent is a citizen. The birth of eligible persons must be registered at an

313:

in India, no comprehensive nationality statute existed to define which persons were subjects, leaving the status of native Indians ambiguous throughout this period.

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to applying for registration. Conversely, persons who migrated from India to Pakistan and settled there at any time are not considered Indian citizens.

202:. Although India gained independence in 1947 and Indians no longer hold British nationality, they continue to have favoured status when residing in the 171:

Indian citizenship at birth only if both parents are Indian citizens, or if one parent is a citizen and the other is not considered an illegal migrant.

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in 2003. The UK itself updated its nationality law to reflect the more modest boundaries of its remaining territory and overseas possessions with the

8107: 7945: 7401: 422: 187:, or voluntarily acquire foreign citizenship automatically lose Indian citizenship. Dual citizenship is allowed in certain cases of minor children. 5856: 5846: 4437: 2833: 2448: 529: 3225: 4299: 925: 543:. The Act abandoned the common nationality used across the Empire and redefined British subject to mean any citizen of a Commonwealth country. A 418:. Like protected persons, locally naturalised British subjects were still entitled to imperial protection when travelling outside of the Empire. 8356: 7902: 7323: 5811: 4743: 755:

was created in 1951 to maintain a central ledger of all citizens in the state as a result of local discontent towards the influx of migrants.

159:

details the conditions by which a person holds Indian nationality. The two primary pieces of legislation governing these requirements are the

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Gonçalves, Arnaldo (2003). "Macao, Timor and Portuguese India in the context of Portugal's recent decolonization". In Lloyd-Jones, Stewart;

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period before becoming eligible to register for citizenship. Migrants arriving after 1971 were all considered to have illegally immigrated.

6606: 5487: 367:, which were areas ruled by local monarchs given limited autonomy in exchange for accepting British suzerainty. Provincial residents were 7104: 6729: 5483: 360: 455:

equity, illustrating an imperial philosophy that all subjects of the Crown were equal before the law, regardless of race or background.

421:

The Imperial Parliament brought regulations for British subject status into codified statute law for the first time with passage of the

7874: 7426: 5861: 4788: 4347: 4177: 1956: 2919: 7479: 7296: 7180: 6960: 6652: 3106: 592: 215: 210:, Indians are eligible to vote in UK elections and serve in public office there. Indian citizens also enjoy free movement rights in 7950: 7917: 4797: 234:

is not always clear in the English language and differs by country. Generally, nationality refers a person's legal belonging to a

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citizens. Residents of Goa have claimed to have dual citizenship since there was no law terminating their previous citizenship.

766:, which demanded the expulsion of foreigners in the state. Protest organisers and government officials ultimately agreed on the 389:

British nationality law during this time was uncodified and did not have a standard set of regulations, relying instead on past

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arrangement, but moved to mirror Britain's restriction in 1962 by limiting this ability only to people born on the islands of

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on all English trade with Asia. Over the course of the 17th century, the company secured a strong commercial presence in the

31: 17: 3741: 3514: 3429: 3326: 3156: 2902: 8286: 8281: 8142: 7955: 7879: 6952: 6616: 4238: 2423: 864: 2533:

Baldwin, M. Page (October 2001). "Subject to Empire: Married Women and the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act".

6970: 6801: 6223: 4642: 3212: 2382: 595:; all Indian and Nepalese citizens have since had the officially sanctioned ability to live and work in either country. 321:

administered to successful applicants required them to swear loyal service to the company, as well as allegiance to the

7225: 7220: 7079: 6197: 6157: 5359: 5028: 4715: 3631:"The 1961 Sikkim subject regulation and 'indirect rule' in Sikkim: ancestrality, land property and unequal citizenship" 2825: 839: 711: 8075: 7195: 6985: 6912: 6598: 6536: 6172: 5535: 5454: 5125: 4102: 3870: 3150: 2896: 2717: 788: 733: 729: 2791: 245:

provides a more precise definition applicable in Indian law; citizenship is a legal status that can only be held by

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Pachauri, S.K. (2010). "India's Decision to Remain in the Commonwealth – 1949 A Major Landmark in Foreign Policy".

619: 402: 8351: 8175: 7985: 7810: 7746: 7719: 6965: 6657: 6456: 6400: 5582: 5464: 5223: 4577: 4417: 4273: 4147: 3557: 3100: 524:. India transitionally retained the British sovereign as its head of state until its continued membership in the 3840: 795:

for the entire country (contrasted with the register specific to Assam) was introduced in that year, as well as

622:. Ireland had continued to allow all British subjects free movement despite independence in 1922 as part of the 8085: 7665: 6152: 4612: 4592: 4492: 4340: 4137: 2593: 2043: 533: 322: 429:. c. 17). British subject status was standardised as a common nationality across the Empire. This act allowed 305:

company itself ruled as the direct governing body from 1757 to 1858, though sovereignty was often shared with

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Xavier, Constantino (2011). "Experimenting with Diasporic Incorporation: The Overseas Citizenship of India".

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McKay, James (2008). "The Passage of the 1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act, a Case-Study of Backbench Power".

2979: 2768: 2677:

Bloom, Tendayi (2011). "Contradictions in Formal Commonwealth Citizenship Rights in Commonwealth Countries".

2482: 921: 878: 796: 792: 566: 5349: 8080: 7975: 7655: 7547: 7447: 7366: 6917: 6365: 6121: 5700: 5053: 5013: 4778: 4412: 4294: 4117: 2329: 636: 579: 540: 548:

Dominions without citizenship laws) were provisionally classed as "British subjects without citizenship".

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The Statesman's Year-Book: Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1949

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Baruah, Sanjay (November 1986). "Immigration, Ethnic Conflict, and Political Turmoil--Assam, 1979-1985".

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domiciled in Sikkim before 1850 could apply for subject status even if they did not live in the country.

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Commonwealth citizens initially continued to hold an automatic right to settle in the United Kingdom and

8321: 8298: 8234: 7771: 7739: 7660: 7139: 7000: 6922: 6791: 6776: 6739: 6626: 6521: 6481: 6238: 6207: 6116: 5794: 5749: 5520: 5497: 5434: 5414: 5374: 5258: 5233: 5228: 5058: 5033: 4938: 4873: 4863: 4853: 4843: 4783: 4768: 4763: 4738: 4720: 4652: 4582: 4552: 4442: 4248: 4207: 4197: 4157: 4122: 4072: 4037: 3932: 3805: 3727: 3671: 3312: 3205:""More Executive-Minded Than the Executive": The Supreme Court's Role in the Interpretation of the NRC" 3204: 2544: 2535: 2515: 652: 250: 2977:

Hilaly, Sarah (January 2016). "Imagining Colonial Assam: The Figuring of 'Wastelands' in Its Making".

8092: 7832: 7670: 7643: 7572: 7507: 7421: 7393: 7190: 7089: 6786: 6611: 6461: 6273: 6177: 6094: 5889: 5851: 5821: 5389: 5273: 5248: 5203: 5198: 5148: 5073: 5023: 4998: 4993: 4963: 4918: 4908: 4868: 4838: 4828: 4818: 4733: 4710: 4685: 4622: 4542: 4467: 4432: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4333: 4162: 4097: 4067: 4057: 4052: 4012: 3982: 3957: 3947: 2679: 2419: 759: 415: 241:

In general discourse within the Indian context, the two terms are used interchangeably. However, the

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Ansari, Sarah (2013). "Subjects or Citizens? India, Pakistan and the 1948 British Nationality Act".

8276: 7761: 7617: 7592: 7361: 6990: 6942: 6932: 6892: 6882: 6516: 6471: 6431: 6405: 6385: 6162: 6111: 6069: 5950: 5934: 5721: 5474: 5344: 5334: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5263: 5173: 5153: 5138: 4988: 4958: 4913: 4898: 4858: 4848: 4823: 4753: 4748: 4695: 4690: 4680: 4632: 4627: 4617: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4547: 4527: 4522: 4512: 4482: 4472: 4462: 4457: 4447: 4427: 4387: 4377: 4182: 4167: 4092: 4077: 4047: 4027: 4017: 4007: 3997: 3987: 3972: 3962: 3952: 3937: 3530:

Thapliyal, Sangeeta (1999). "Movement of population between India and Nepal: Emerging challenges".

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Nation and Citizenship from the Late Nineteenth Century Onwards: A Comparative European Perspective

2506: 604: 447: 372: 342: 199: 140: 8271: 7864: 7852: 7822: 7484: 7431: 7205: 6975: 6927: 6818: 6781: 6771: 6766: 6511: 6436: 6360: 5836: 5449: 5429: 5394: 5384: 5379: 5369: 5339: 5283: 5278: 5238: 5218: 5213: 5178: 5158: 5143: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5003: 4978: 4953: 4943: 4923: 4833: 4758: 4647: 4637: 4572: 4507: 4497: 4487: 4477: 4422: 4382: 4202: 4192: 4187: 4107: 4082: 4062: 4042: 4002: 3977: 3901: 3351: 3115: 2961: 2438: 525: 468: 383: 657:

Remaining European colonial possessions in India were reintegrated by 1961. French-administered

8219: 7859: 7815: 7690: 7622: 7612: 7577: 7215: 7210: 6872: 6867: 6813: 6734: 6504: 6499: 6476: 6312: 5799: 5687: 5469: 5459: 5424: 5324: 5268: 5253: 5188: 5183: 5168: 5063: 5038: 5008: 4893: 4725: 4597: 4532: 4517: 4502: 4172: 4127: 4032: 3992: 3796: 2617:

Bhat, M. Mohsin Alam (2019). "The Constitutional Case Against the Citizenship Amendment Bill".

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in the United Kingdom, but both Indian British subjects and protected persons could be issued

8180: 8053: 8038: 7907: 7884: 7602: 7452: 7376: 7328: 7318: 6907: 6855: 6840: 6281: 6202: 6131: 6126: 5919: 5884: 5826: 5742: 5530: 5288: 5243: 5208: 5193: 5163: 5018: 4948: 4705: 4253: 557: 472: 271: 160: 7965: 7700: 7638: 7607: 7597: 7557: 7552: 7291: 7230: 7084: 6877: 6860: 6337: 5651: 5624: 5515: 5078: 4243: 3909: 3893: 3282: 2481:

Ashesh, Ashna; Thiruvengadam, Arun (July 2017). Report on Citizenship Law: India (Report).

2229:"Parliament proceedings: Over 6.7 lakh persons renounced Indian citizenship from 2015-2019" 948: 779: 544: 521: 207: 3687:

Weiner, Myron (June 1983). "The Political Demography of Assam's Anti-Immigrant Movement".

3598:"Ancestrality, Migration, Rights and Exclusion: Citizenship in the Indian State of Sikkim" 2826:"Imperial Citizenship or Else: Liberal Ideals and the India Unmaking of Empire, 1890–1919" 1204: 8: 8256: 8249: 8244: 8043: 7980: 7970: 7766: 7734: 7705: 7099: 7054: 7018: 6937: 6744: 6721: 6494: 6317: 6089: 5998: 5641: 5560: 5103: 3539: 2926: 2688: 1168: 289: 112: 60: 3367:

Parry, Clive (1954). "Citizenship in the Commonwealth with Special Reference to India".

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until 1844, when a more streamlined administrative process was introduced. In 1847, the

253:

a person may exercise, while nationality is a status that can apply to both natural and

8200: 8185: 8152: 8102: 8065: 7842: 7805: 7675: 7582: 7537: 7532: 7371: 7356: 7335: 7265: 7240: 7185: 7074: 7069: 7064: 6761: 6261: 6136: 6106: 6059: 6026: 5841: 5540: 3819: 3778: 3708: 3696: 3675: 3563: 3492: 3473: 3396: 3388: 3355: 3265: 3177: 3055: 3047: 2988: 2854: 2777: 2754: 2750: 2700: 2665: 2643: 2605: 2572: 2556: 2469: 2165: 2132: 2048: 932: 682: 623: 509: 318: 277: 3446: 2502:"Missing Links: Data Stories from the Archive of British Settler Colonial Citizenship" 2128:"A complete guide to renouncing foreign citizenships and acquiring Indian citizenship" 8239: 8229: 8224: 8127: 8112: 7847: 7729: 7724: 7587: 7567: 7562: 7474: 7469: 7286: 7235: 7046: 6845: 6709: 6410: 6064: 5682: 5634: 3851: 3823: 3782: 3731: 3572: 3504: 3461: 3419: 3400: 3316: 3302: 3189: 3146: 3059: 2952:(1999). "The Politics of Citizenship in 1940s Britain: The British Nationality Act". 2892: 2858: 2742: 2721: 2704: 2669: 2655: 2626: 2564: 2473: 694: 674: 517: 407: 8167: 8122: 8117: 8017: 7990: 7837: 7648: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7462: 7351: 7306: 7127: 7036: 6808: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6666: 6395: 6355: 6286: 5988: 5816: 5806: 5776: 5565: 4314: 4278: 3809: 3770: 3700: 3648: 3615: 3543: 3496: 3465: 3380: 3286: 3257: 3181: 3084: 3039: 2965: 2846: 2746: 2692: 2647: 2597: 2576: 2548: 2519: 2486: 2461: 670: 481: 435: 254: 3653: 3630: 3620: 3597: 3089: 3068: 2850: 8266: 8190: 8132: 8097: 7778: 7756: 7680: 7457: 6581: 6576: 6566: 6559: 6327: 6182: 6167: 5993: 5876: 5646: 4356: 4223: 3919: 3774: 3721: 3635: 3602: 3486: 3409: 3376: 3306: 3298: 3253: 3140: 2886: 2696: 2465: 800: 615: 426: 368: 338: 310: 195: 92: 2651: 2410: 2261: 257:

that determines the rights that entity has in the context of international law.

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in 1858. Territories were broadly divided between two political groupings: the

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Between 2010 and 2019, about 21,000 people naturalised as Indian citizens.

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An Act to provide for acquisition and determination of Indian citizenship.

3500: 3185: 2524: 2501: 30:"Indian citizenship" redirects here. For the United States law concerning 8212: 7416: 7031: 7026: 6754: 6571: 6554: 6446: 6074: 6041: 5983: 5965: 5929: 5661: 5619: 3244:

Lloyd, Trevor (1998). "Partition, within, Partition: The Irish Example".

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or their parents had previously held Indian citizenship, or have held

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Defining British Citizenship: Empire, Commonwealth and Modern Britain

3080: 2842: 2457: 2233: 2092: 1961: 1072: 775: 460: 390: 306: 6322: 3704: 3290: 2601: 2209: 2044:"A Mass Citizenship Check in India Leaves 2 Million People in Limbo" 1936: 1755: 1753: 1677: 1675: 7152: 6187: 5629: 5595: 4325: 3723:

Indigenous Peoples of the British Dominions and the First World War

3043: 2552: 1413: 1411: 823: 784: 562: 513: 430: 285: 180: 1777: 1471: 1264: 52: 1924: 1900: 1750: 1672: 1060: 982:"Devyani Khobragade's plea of dual citizenship for kids rejected" 827: 610: 411: 1740: 1738: 1588: 1447: 1408: 1216: 5734: 2161:"Over 21,000 granted Indian citizenship in last 10 years: Govt" 1084: 1036: 831: 815: 747: 464: 300:, and Indian textiles. Operations became more lucrative as the 3792:"Imagining India, Decolonizing L'Inde Française, c. 1947–1954" 2305:"Goans are Dual Citizens by Birth - Advocate Radharao Gracias" 1312: 1156: 1048: 842:

for countering the secular nature of earlier citizenship law.

661:

held a referendum in 1949 resulting in the city's merger with

3411:

Whitewashing Britain: Race and Citizenship in the Postwar Era

2262:"Refworld | India: Act No. 57 of 1955, Citizenship Act, 1955" 1801: 1789: 1765: 1735: 1723: 1276: 819: 743: 587: 363:, which were administered by the British government, and the 297: 211: 167: 102: 2797:

ISIL Year Book of International Humanitarian and Refugee Law

2197: 2080: 2068: 2001: 1999: 1986: 1984: 1483: 7912: 1539: 1537: 1522: 3839: 3558:"Restrictive Citizenship Policies within the Commonwealth" 2888:

The Last Empire: Thirty Years of Portuguese Decolonization

2640:

Stealing Time: Migration, Temporalities and State Violence

1192: 1078: 371:, while subjects of princely state rulers were considered 2185: 1996: 1981: 1912: 1888: 1687: 1396: 1144: 3664:

Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law

2011: 1578: 1576: 1549: 1534: 1348: 1336: 1324: 1240: 1120: 1108: 2359: 2347: 1825: 1660: 1648: 1636: 1600: 1360: 3662:

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3850: 2101: 2023: 1837: 1711: 1699: 1573: 1423: 1372: 723: 3447:"The Common Travel Area between Britain and Ireland" 2412:

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2042:

Gettleman, Jeffrey; Raj, Suhasini (31 August 2019).

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British nationality law and the Republic of Ireland

2480: 2303:Reporter, Incredible Goa Staff (12 February 2017). 2215: 1942: 1930: 1906: 1873: 1681: 1594: 1561: 1507: 1477: 1453: 1435: 1417: 1222: 1096: 1090: 1066: 1042: 1024: 885:All other foreigners may become Indian citizens by 6809:Governors, Lieutenant Governors and Administrators 3556: 3099: 2790: 2107: 854: 787:to children born to at least one Indian parent. A 3069:"Reconfiguring Citizenship in Contemporary India" 1495: 897: 703:subjects on their marriage to non-Sikkimese men. 423:British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914 226:The distinction between the meaning of the terms 8343: 3001:Historical background information on nationality 2834:The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 2803:. Indian Society of International Law: 244–272. 2449:The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 2260:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. 1211:Historical background information on nationality 1175:Historical background information on nationality 4300:British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983 2499: 1162: 926:Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin 309:. Although legislation was enacted referencing 3628: 3595: 3297: 1807: 1795: 1783: 1771: 1759: 1744: 1729: 1054: 539:British subject status was reformed under the 5750: 4341: 3878: 2733:Evans, J. M. (1972). "Immigration Act 1971". 2381:. Consulate General of India, San Francisco. 1011:"Passport_Manual_16_Chapters_to_be_disclosed" 530:1949 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference 499: 27:History and regulations of Indian citizenship 5488:Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands 3892: 2714:Secularism and the Citizenship Amendment Act 2041: 438:requirements to the naturalisation process. 2711: 2203: 2191: 2086: 2074: 2017: 2005: 1990: 1957:"Restoring a secular notion of citizenship" 1018:Passport_Manual_16_Chapters_to_be_disclosed 598: 504: 5757: 5743: 4348: 4334: 3885: 3871: 3344:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 3073:South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies 3029: 2917: 1294: 1282: 1270: 1126: 6971:Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) 6851:Fundamental rights, principles and duties 3813: 3652: 3619: 3529: 3484: 3107:The British Yearbook of International Law 3088: 2880: 2792:"Retaining Portuguese Nationality in Goa" 2765: 2523: 2490: 1918: 1666: 1489: 1366: 593:Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship 265: 174:Foreigners may become Indian citizens by 6913:Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) 3719: 3341: 3138: 2716:. India: Seventy Years of the Republic. 2302: 2125: 1429: 1354: 1186: 1150: 1138: 871: 410:was a British subject there, but not in 8012: 5915:Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley 3789: 3222:National Law School of India University 2532: 1654: 1642: 1198: 915: 753:National Register of Citizens for Assam 328: 260: 14: 8344: 7201:Securities and Exchange Board of India 6308:National Geological Monuments of India 3756: 3686: 3554: 3517:from the original on 29 September 2021 3279:Observatoire de la Société Britannique 2976: 2948: 2788: 2712:Chandrachud, Abhinav (February 2020). 2637: 2583: 2445: 2365: 2353: 2029: 1894: 1867: 1843: 1831: 1717: 1705: 1693: 1582: 1528: 1378: 846:stateless and subject to deportation. 688: 8357:India and the Commonwealth of Nations 8011: 7125: 7001:Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) 6966:Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) 6707: 6259: 5774: 5738: 4329: 4305:British Overseas Territories Act 2002 4229:British nationality law and Hong Kong 3866: 3432:from the original on 26 December 2019 3366: 3329:from the original on 25 February 2021 3276: 3243: 3202: 3171: 3159:from the original on 25 December 2019 3097: 3066: 3017:from the original on 29 December 2018 2823: 2732: 2676: 2500:Bagnall, Kate; Sherratt, Tim (2021). 2408: 2330:"India acknowledges dual citizenship" 2126:Chothani, Poorvi (8 September 2021). 2056:from the original on 15 December 2019 1882: 1855: 1819: 1630: 1618: 1555: 1543: 1501: 1465: 1441: 1390: 1342: 1330: 1318: 1306: 1258: 1246: 1234: 1114: 1102: 1030: 954:Visa requirements for Indian citizens 528:as a republic was agreed upon at the 4355: 4239:British Overseas Territories citizen 3744:from the original on 23 October 2021 3661: 3579:from the original on 23 October 2021 3444: 3407: 3231:from the original on 5 December 2020 3122:from the original on 23 October 2021 2918:Gosewinkel, Dieter (15 April 2008). 2905:from the original on 23 October 2021 2868:from the original on 4 November 2021 2807:from the original on 23 October 2021 2616: 2385:from the original on 13 January 2022 2259: 2173:from the original on 3 February 2021 2158: 2140:from the original on 20 October 2021 2113: 1969:from the original on 12 January 2021 1954: 1606: 1567: 1516: 1402: 1005: 1003: 976: 974: 675:military offensives in 1954 and 1961 6996:National Investigation Agency (NIA) 6918:Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) 6607:Autonomous administrative divisions 3213:National Law School of India Review 3101:"Who are British Protected Persons" 2891:. Intellect Books. pp. 53–66. 1955:Bose, Prasenjit (6 December 2019). 906: 850:Acquisition and loss of citizenship 552:Republic and a national citizenship 24: 6986:Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) 2776:(30). Sameeksha Trust: 3237–3240. 2751:10.1111/j.1468-2230.1972.tb02363.x 2429:from the original on 6 August 2022 2401: 2241:from the original on 27 March 2021 1297:, pp. 111, 116, 120, 134–135. 724:Legislative responses to migration 556:The citizenship provisions of the 25: 8368: 7181:Ministry of Commerce and Industry 6923:Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) 6208:Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) 3790:Yechury, Akhila (December 2015). 3689:Population and Development Review 3308:A Concise History of Modern India 2954:Twentieth Century British History 2718:Victoria University of Wellington 1000: 971: 734:Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 730:Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2003 643:Integration of remaining colonies 441: 8329: 5764: 5717: 5716: 4438:Democratic Republic of the Congo 4123:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3841:"Indian Naturalisation Act 1852" 3629:Vandenhelsken, Mélanie (2021b). 3596:Vandenhelsken, Mélanie (2021a). 2936:from the original on 27 May 2019 2371: 2159:Jain, Bharti (4 February 2020). 774:Ethnic conflict in neighbouring 712:dissolution of Sikkim's monarchy 620:Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962 51: 6224:History of India (1947–present) 5583:Birth aboard aircraft and ships 3759:Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 3006:(Report). 1.0. United Kingdom: 2322: 2296: 2279: 2253: 2221: 2216:Ashesh & Thiruvengadam 2017 2152: 2119: 2035: 1948: 1943:Ashesh & Thiruvengadam 2017 1931:Ashesh & Thiruvengadam 2017 1907:Ashesh & Thiruvengadam 2017 1682:Ashesh & Thiruvengadam 2017 1595:Ashesh & Thiruvengadam 2017 1478:Ashesh & Thiruvengadam 2017 1454:Ashesh & Thiruvengadam 2017 1418:Ashesh & Thiruvengadam 2017 1223:Ashesh & Thiruvengadam 2017 1091:Ashesh & Thiruvengadam 2017 1067:Ashesh & Thiruvengadam 2017 1043:Ashesh & Thiruvengadam 2017 855:Entitlement by birth or descent 163:and the Citizenship Act, 1955. 6991:Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) 6943:Special Protection Group (SPG) 6933:Railway Protection Force (RPF) 5420:Federated States of Micronesia 4784:St. Vincent and the Grenadines 4259:Permanent resident (Australia) 3832: 3485:Steinberg, S. H., ed. (1949). 2594:University of California Press 1079:Indian Naturalisation Act 1852 937:protected and restricted areas 898:Relinquishment and deprivation 221: 13: 1: 8086:Engineering colleges in India 7715:Electronics and semiconductor 6928:National Security Guard (NSG) 6672:World Heritage Sites in India 6260: 4310:Canadian Citizenship Act 1946 3720:Winegard, Timothy C. (2011). 3654:10.1080/14631369.2020.1801338 3621:10.1080/14631369.2020.1802575 3203:Kumar, Alok Prasanna (2019). 3174:Citizenship in a Global World 3090:10.1080/00856401.2019.1555874 2987:(3). Sameeksha Trust: 55–62. 2980:Economic and Political Weekly 2851:10.1080/03086534.2018.1519243 2769:Economic and Political Weekly 2625:(3). Sameeksha Trust: 12–14. 2619:Economic and Political Weekly 2483:European University Institute 959: 922:Overseas Citizenship of India 793:National Register of Citizens 614:originating from outside the 510:British India was partitioned 6976:Enforcement Directorate (ED) 6797:State legislative assemblies 6708: 6637:States and union territories 6346:Biogeographic classification 5701:British Overseas Territories 4295:British Nationality Act 1981 3775:10.1080/13537113.2011.550545 3172:Kondo, Atsushi, ed. (2001). 3067:Jayal, Niraja Gopal (2019). 2697:10.1080/00358533.2011.633381 2466:10.1080/03086534.2013.768094 964: 673:was taken by force with two 637:British Nationality Act 1981 580:Government of India Act 1935 541:British Nationality Act 1948 7: 8143:Water supply and sanitation 7126: 6908:Border Security Force (BSF) 6653:National monuments of India 5775: 5571:Renunciation of citizenship 4269:UK Ancestry Entry Clearance 4264:Permanent resident (Canada) 3856:National Informatics Centre 3852:"The Citizenship Act, 1955" 3845:National Informatics Centre 2652:10.1007/978-3-030-69897-3_9 1163:Bagnall & Sherratt 2021 942: 742:Large-scale migration into 192:ruled by the British Empire 10: 8373: 7196:Central Statistical Office 6802:State legislative councils 6777:Union Council of Ministers 4249:Indefinite leave to remain 3806:Cambridge University Press 3728:Cambridge University Press 3672:Cambridge University Press 3555:Toxley, Walter W. (1967). 3385:10.1177/097492845401000201 3313:Cambridge University Press 3032:Journal of British Studies 2545:Cambridge University Press 2536:Journal of British Studies 2516:University of Hawaii Press 1055:Metcalf & Metcalf 2006 919: 727: 669:was relinquished by 1954. 653:Portuguese nationality law 646: 602: 500:Post-independence policies 361:provinces of British India 332: 269: 251:civil and political rights 29: 8166: 8076:Medical colleges in India 8031: 8027: 8007: 7926: 7895: 7631: 7500: 7440: 7392: 7344: 7274: 7226:Foreign exchange reserves 7221:Foreign direct investment 7191:Economic Advisory Council 7161: 7138: 7134: 7121: 7045: 7017: 6951: 6938:Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) 6900: 6891: 6836: 6827: 6720: 6716: 6703: 6645: 6597: 6535: 6424: 6336: 6318:Sacred mountains of India 6300: 6272: 6268: 6255: 6216: 6145: 6040: 6007: 5964: 5943: 5890:Indus Valley Civilisation 5875: 5787: 5783: 5770: 5696: 5670: 5612: 5553: 5506: 5407: 5297: 5124: 5117: 4886: 4811: 4668: 4661: 4370: 4363: 4287: 4217:Rights, issues, and visas 4216: 3918: 3900: 3815:10.1017/S0018246X14000727 3548:10.1080/09700169908455083 3145:. Frank Cass Publishers. 3098:Jones, J. Mervyn (1945). 2420:Aligarh Muslim University 2102:The Citizenship Act, 1955 1321:, pp. 850, 856, 860. 865:Indian diplomatic mission 789:further amendment in 2003 760:Bangladesh Liberation War 373:British protected persons 200:British protected persons 194:and local residents were 146: 139: 134: 126: 118: 108: 98: 88: 66: 59: 50: 46:The Citizenship Act, 1955 45: 7362:Multi Commodity Exchange 6981:Intelligence Bureau (IB) 4418:Central African Republic 3894:Commonwealth citizenship 3416:Cornell University Press 3139:Karatani, Rieko (2003). 2789:Ferrao, Ranjana (2010). 2507:Journal of World History 1273:, pp. 108–109, 118. 605:Commonwealth citizenship 599:Commonwealth citizenship 505:Partition and transition 448:Indian Rebellion of 1857 384:British Indian passports 351:India was brought under 343:British protected person 141:The Foreigners Act, 1946 7206:Enforcement Directorate 6667:Indian-origin religions 6658:National parks of India 6467:Highest point by states 6229:Economic liberalisation 5516:Commonwealth of Nations 3902:Commonwealth of Nations 3470:10.1111/1468-2230.00356 3408:Paul, Kathleen (1997). 3352:Indian History Congress 3116:Oxford University Press 2962:Oxford University Press 2824:Frost, Mark R. (2018). 814:, and Pakistan who are 565:. In this context, the 526:Commonwealth of Nations 516:on 15 August 1947, the 8352:Indian nationality law 8176:Arts and entertainment 7811:Science and technology 7747:Information technology 7427:Government initiatives 6323:Sacred rivers of India 6313:Sacred groves of India 5867:Science and technology 5330:Bosnia and Herzegovina 3797:The Historical Journal 3445:Ryan, Bernard (2001). 679:Dadra and Nagar Haveli 649:French nationality law 522:Federation of Pakistan 486:Mancherjee Bhownaggree 284:in 1600 and granted a 266:Company administration 157:Indian nationality law 36:Indian Citizenship Act 8133:Socio-economic issues 8081:Law colleges in India 8071:Universities in India 7319:Reserve Bank of India 6122:Independence movement 5920:Indo-Parthian Kingdom 5713:Partially recognized. 4578:São Tomé and Príncipe 4254:Irish nationality law 4113:Saint Kitts and Nevis 3928:Antigua & Barbuda 3501:10.1057/9780230270787 3454:The Modern Law Review 3246:International Journal 3186:10.1057/9780333993880 2735:The Modern Law Review 2525:10.1353/jwh.2021.0025 2409:Ahmad, Badar (1997). 2287:"Bill No. 39 of 2003" 1531:, pp. 90, 94–95. 1405:, pp. 69–70, 73. 872:Voluntary acquisition 558:Constitution of India 512:into two independent 272:Company rule in India 208:Commonwealth citizens 190:India was previously 161:Constitution of India 18:Citizenship Act, 1955 7407:Economic development 7251:Voluntary guidelines 7246:Industrial licensing 6376:Environmental issues 6158:Non-Aligned Movement 5935:Seleucid–Mauryan war 5652:Second-class citizen 5625:Multiple citizenship 5094:United Arab Emirates 4728:(Kingdom of Denmark) 4244:Commonwealth citizen 3910:Commonwealth citizen 3540:Taylor & Francis 3283:University of Toulon 2970:10.1093/tcbh/10.1.67 2883:Pinto, António Costa 2689:Taylor & Francis 2646:. pp. 171–192. 2237:. 10 February 2021. 1786:, pp. 221, 223. 949:Visa policy of India 916:Overseas citizenship 879:overseas citizenship 797:overseas citizenship 785:citizenship by birth 665:, while the rest of 567:Constituent Assembly 545:Commonwealth citizen 329:Direct imperial rule 261:Colonial-era history 166:All persons born in 7169:Ministry of Finance 6173:Indo-Pakistani wars 6117:Partition of Bengal 5642:Permanent residency 5561:Loss of citizenship 5536:Caribbean Community 4789:Trinidad and Tobago 4774:St. Kitts and Nevis 4676:Antigua and Barbuda 4178:Trinidad and Tobago 2927:European Parliament 1897:, pp. 285–286. 1808:Vandenhelsken 2021a 1796:Vandenhelsken 2021b 1784:Vandenhelsken 2021a 1772:Vandenhelsken 2021b 1762:, pp. 260–261. 1760:Vandenhelsken 2021b 1745:Vandenhelsken 2021a 1730:Vandenhelsken 2021a 1696:, pp. 250–251. 1609:, pp. 182–183. 1558:, pp. 515–516. 1546:, pp. 508–509. 1492:, pp. 778–780. 1345:, pp. 865–867. 1333:, pp. 859–860. 1285:, pp. 117–118. 1249:, pp. 106–107. 1201:, pp. 527–528. 1117:, pp. 127–128. 1020:. 27 November 2023. 840:widespread protests 689:Accession of Sikkim 403:Imperial Parliament 290:Indian subcontinent 249:and determines the 216:bilateral agreement 135:Related legislation 113:Parliament of India 61:Parliament of India 8138:Standard of living 7828:Telecommunications 7345:Financial services 7266:Atmanirbhar Bharat 7186:Finance Commission 6351:Biosphere reserves 6107:Bengal Renaissance 6095:Commander-in-Chief 6060:East India Company 4716:Dominican Republic 4288:Acts of Parliament 3697:Population Council 3564:McGill Law Journal 3532:Strategic Analysis 3493:Palgrave Macmillan 3303:Metcalf, Thomas R. 3178:Palgrave Macmillan 2644:Palgrave Macmillan 2166:The Times of India 2133:The Economic Times 2049:The New York Times 683:Goa, Daman and Diu 624:Common Travel Area 586:Migration between 399:Acts of Parliament 319:oath of allegiance 278:East India Company 99:Territorial extent 8317: 8316: 8313: 8312: 8309: 8308: 8003: 8002: 7999: 7998: 7548:Jammu and Kashmir 7174:Finance ministers 7117: 7116: 7113: 7112: 7105:Women in politics 7080:Political parties 7013: 7012: 7009: 7008: 6819:Chief Secretaries 6792:State governments 6787:Cabinet Secretary 6740:Foreign relations 6699: 6698: 6695: 6694: 6251: 6250: 6247: 6246: 6239:COVID-19 pandemic 6112:Political reforms 5732: 5731: 5706:Open border with 5549: 5548: 5403: 5402: 4882: 4881: 4802:US Virgin Islands 4729: 4453:Equatorial Guinea 4323: 4322: 4274:UK right of abode 3737:978-1-107-01493-0 3573:McGill University 3510:978-0-230-27078-7 3425:978-0-8014-8440-7 3322:978-0-521-68225-1 3195:978-0-333-80266-3 2720:. pp. 1–35. 2661:978-3-030-69897-3 2368:, pp. 45–46. 2356:, pp. 34–35. 2218:, pp. 7, 16. 2206:, pp. 20–21. 2089:, pp. 15–16. 2077:, pp. 14–15. 1945:, pp. 10–12. 1834:, pp. 59–61. 1822:, pp. 34–35. 1153:, pp. 55–56. 1057:, pp. 44–55. 933:vote in elections 695:Kingdom of Sikkim 292:through trade in 255:juridical persons 154: 153: 93:Act No 57 of 1955 16:(Redirected from 8364: 8334: 8333: 8332: 8325: 8272:Physical culture 8093:Ethnic relations 8029: 8028: 8009: 8008: 7991:Mumbai Consensus 7543:Himachal Pradesh 7432:Numbering system 7422:Green revolution 7297:Historical Forex 7136: 7135: 7123: 7122: 7095:Scheduled groups 6898: 6897: 6834: 6833: 6718: 6717: 6705: 6704: 6687:Tourism in India 6682:History of India 6677:Culture of India 6287:Geology of India 6270: 6269: 6257: 6256: 6188:Naxal Insurgency 6183:White Revolution 6178:Green Revolution 5785: 5784: 5772: 5771: 5759: 5752: 5745: 5736: 5735: 5720: 5719: 5566:Denaturalization 5455:Papua New Guinea 5440:Marshall Islands 5122: 5121: 4727: 4666: 4665: 4368: 4367: 4357:Nationality laws 4350: 4343: 4336: 4327: 4326: 4315:Ireland Act 1949 4279:Windrush scandal 4103:Papua New Guinea 3920:Nationality laws 3887: 3880: 3873: 3864: 3863: 3858: 3847: 3827: 3817: 3786: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3716: 3683: 3658: 3656: 3625: 3623: 3592: 3586: 3584: 3560: 3551: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3481: 3451: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3404: 3363: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3311:(2nd ed.). 3299:Metcalf, Barbara 3294: 3273: 3262:10.2307/40203326 3240: 3238: 3236: 3230: 3209: 3199: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3135: 3129: 3127: 3103: 3094: 3092: 3063: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3016: 3010:. 21 July 2017. 3005: 2996: 2973: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2935: 2924: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2867: 2830: 2820: 2814: 2812: 2794: 2785: 2762: 2729: 2708: 2673: 2634: 2613: 2580: 2529: 2527: 2496: 2494: 2477: 2442: 2436: 2434: 2428: 2417: 2395: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2375: 2369: 2363: 2357: 2351: 2345: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2326: 2320: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2300: 2294: 2293: 2291: 2283: 2277: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2257: 2251: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2225: 2219: 2213: 2207: 2204:Chandrachud 2020 2201: 2195: 2192:Chandrachud 2020 2189: 2183: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2156: 2150: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2123: 2117: 2111: 2105: 2099: 2090: 2087:Chandrachud 2020 2084: 2078: 2075:Chandrachud 2020 2072: 2066: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2039: 2033: 2027: 2021: 2018:Chandrachud 2020 2015: 2009: 2006:Chandrachud 2020 2003: 1994: 1991:Chandrachud 2020 1988: 1979: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1952: 1946: 1940: 1934: 1928: 1922: 1916: 1910: 1904: 1898: 1892: 1886: 1880: 1871: 1865: 1859: 1853: 1847: 1841: 1835: 1829: 1823: 1817: 1811: 1805: 1799: 1793: 1787: 1781: 1775: 1769: 1763: 1757: 1748: 1742: 1733: 1727: 1721: 1715: 1709: 1703: 1697: 1691: 1685: 1679: 1670: 1664: 1658: 1652: 1646: 1640: 1634: 1628: 1622: 1616: 1610: 1604: 1598: 1592: 1586: 1580: 1571: 1565: 1559: 1553: 1547: 1541: 1532: 1526: 1520: 1514: 1505: 1499: 1493: 1487: 1481: 1475: 1469: 1463: 1457: 1451: 1445: 1439: 1433: 1427: 1421: 1415: 1406: 1400: 1394: 1388: 1382: 1376: 1370: 1364: 1358: 1352: 1346: 1340: 1334: 1328: 1322: 1316: 1310: 1304: 1298: 1292: 1286: 1280: 1274: 1268: 1262: 1256: 1250: 1244: 1238: 1232: 1226: 1220: 1214: 1208: 1202: 1196: 1190: 1184: 1178: 1172: 1166: 1160: 1154: 1148: 1142: 1136: 1130: 1124: 1118: 1112: 1106: 1100: 1094: 1088: 1082: 1076: 1070: 1064: 1058: 1052: 1046: 1040: 1034: 1028: 1022: 1021: 1015: 1007: 998: 997: 995: 993: 978: 907:Dual citizenship 671:Portuguese India 534:acceded to India 482:Dadabhai Naoroji 478:House of Commons 436:English language 427:4 & 5 Geo. 5 369:British subjects 311:British subjects 196:British subjects 130:30 December 1955 122:30 December 1955 55: 43: 42: 32:American Indians 21: 8372: 8371: 8367: 8366: 8365: 8363: 8362: 8361: 8342: 8341: 8340: 8330: 8328: 8320: 8318: 8305: 8277:Public holidays 8162: 8108:Life expectancy 8023: 8022: 7995: 7922: 7891: 7796:Pharmaceuticals 7627: 7496: 7436: 7402:COVID-19 impact 7388: 7340: 7270: 7157: 7130: 7109: 7041: 7005: 6947: 6887: 6883:District Courts 6823: 6814:Chief Ministers 6712: 6691: 6641: 6593: 6531: 6505:Western coastal 6500:Eastern coastal 6487:Mountain passes 6420: 6406:Protected areas 6332: 6328:Stones of India 6296: 6264: 6243: 6212: 6198:Space programme 6168:Sino-Indian War 6163:Five-Year Plans 6141: 6036: 6003: 5994:Delhi Sultanate 5960: 5951:Middle kingdoms 5944:Middle Kingdoms 5939: 5871: 5779: 5766: 5763: 5733: 5728: 5692: 5666: 5647:Right of return 5608: 5545: 5508: 5502: 5465:Solomon Islands 5399: 5365:Northern Cyprus 5360:North Macedonia 5293: 5128: 5113: 4878: 4807: 4657: 4359: 4354: 4324: 4319: 4283: 4224:Belonger status 4212: 4148:Solomon Islands 3914: 3896: 3891: 3861: 3835: 3830: 3747: 3745: 3738: 3705:10.2307/1973053 3636:Asian Ethnicity 3603:Asian Ethnicity 3582: 3580: 3520: 3518: 3511: 3449: 3435: 3433: 3426: 3377:SAGE Publishing 3369:India Quarterly 3332: 3330: 3323: 3291:10.4000/osb.433 3254:SAGE Publishing 3234: 3232: 3228: 3207: 3196: 3162: 3160: 3153: 3125: 3123: 3020: 3018: 3014: 3003: 2950:Hansen, Randall 2939: 2937: 2933: 2922: 2908: 2906: 2899: 2871: 2869: 2865: 2828: 2810: 2808: 2680:The Round Table 2662: 2602:10.2307/2644315 2432: 2430: 2426: 2415: 2404: 2402:General sources 2399: 2398: 2388: 2386: 2377: 2376: 2372: 2364: 2360: 2352: 2348: 2338: 2336: 2328: 2327: 2323: 2313: 2311: 2301: 2297: 2289: 2285: 2284: 2280: 2270: 2268: 2258: 2254: 2244: 2242: 2227: 2226: 2222: 2214: 2210: 2202: 2198: 2190: 2186: 2176: 2174: 2157: 2153: 2143: 2141: 2124: 2120: 2112: 2108: 2100: 2093: 2085: 2081: 2073: 2069: 2059: 2057: 2040: 2036: 2028: 2024: 2016: 2012: 2004: 1997: 1989: 1982: 1972: 1970: 1953: 1949: 1941: 1937: 1929: 1925: 1921:, p. 3237. 1917: 1913: 1905: 1901: 1893: 1889: 1881: 1874: 1870:, p. 1187. 1866: 1862: 1854: 1850: 1846:, pp. 185. 1842: 1838: 1830: 1826: 1818: 1814: 1806: 1802: 1794: 1790: 1782: 1778: 1770: 1766: 1758: 1751: 1743: 1736: 1728: 1724: 1716: 1712: 1704: 1700: 1692: 1688: 1680: 1673: 1665: 1661: 1657:, p. 1164. 1653: 1649: 1645:, p. 1150. 1641: 1637: 1629: 1625: 1617: 1613: 1605: 1601: 1593: 1589: 1581: 1574: 1566: 1562: 1554: 1550: 1542: 1535: 1527: 1523: 1515: 1508: 1500: 1496: 1488: 1484: 1480:, pp. 6–7. 1476: 1472: 1464: 1460: 1452: 1448: 1440: 1436: 1428: 1424: 1416: 1409: 1401: 1397: 1389: 1385: 1377: 1373: 1365: 1361: 1357:, p. 1135. 1353: 1349: 1341: 1337: 1329: 1325: 1317: 1313: 1305: 1301: 1295:Huttenback 1973 1293: 1289: 1283:Huttenback 1973 1281: 1277: 1271:Huttenback 1973 1269: 1265: 1257: 1253: 1245: 1241: 1233: 1229: 1221: 1217: 1209: 1205: 1197: 1193: 1185: 1181: 1173: 1169: 1161: 1157: 1149: 1145: 1137: 1133: 1127:Gosewinkel 2008 1125: 1121: 1113: 1109: 1101: 1097: 1089: 1085: 1077: 1073: 1069:, pp. 3–4. 1065: 1061: 1053: 1049: 1041: 1037: 1033:, pp. 2–3. 1029: 1025: 1013: 1009: 1008: 1001: 991: 989: 980: 979: 972: 967: 962: 945: 928: 920:Main articles: 918: 909: 900: 874: 857: 852: 803:living abroad. 801:Indian diaspora 736: 726: 691: 655: 645: 616:British Islands 607: 601: 554: 507: 502: 494:First World War 444: 416:New South Wales 365:princely states 349: 339:British subject 331: 323:British monarch 280:was founded by 274: 268: 263: 247:natural persons 224: 109:Enacted by 84: 81: 76: 75: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8370: 8360: 8359: 8354: 8339: 8338: 8315: 8314: 8311: 8310: 8307: 8306: 8304: 8303: 8302: 8301: 8291: 8290: 8289: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8253: 8252: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8216: 8215: 8205: 8204: 8203: 8193: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8172: 8170: 8164: 8163: 8161: 8160: 8155: 8150: 8145: 8140: 8135: 8130: 8125: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8090: 8089: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8063: 8062: 8061: 8051: 8046: 8041: 8035: 8033: 8025: 8024: 8021: 8020: 8013: 8005: 8004: 8001: 8000: 7997: 7996: 7994: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7966:Income Tax Act 7963: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7942: 7941: 7930: 7928: 7924: 7923: 7921: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7899: 7897: 7893: 7892: 7890: 7889: 7888: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7856: 7855: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7819: 7818: 7808: 7803: 7801:Pulp and paper 7798: 7793: 7792: 7791: 7789:Iron and Steel 7786: 7776: 7775: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7749: 7744: 7743: 7742: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7711: 7710: 7709: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7652: 7651: 7646: 7635: 7633: 7629: 7628: 7626: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7573:Madhya Pradesh 7570: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7508:Andhra Pradesh 7504: 7502: 7498: 7497: 7495: 7494: 7493: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7472: 7467: 7466: 7465: 7455: 7450: 7444: 7442: 7438: 7437: 7435: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7412:Liberalisation 7409: 7404: 7398: 7396: 7390: 7389: 7387: 7386: 7385: 7384: 7379: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7348: 7346: 7342: 7341: 7339: 7338: 7333: 7332: 7331: 7326: 7316: 7315: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7278: 7276: 7272: 7271: 7269: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7177: 7176: 7165: 7163: 7159: 7158: 7156: 7155: 7150: 7144: 7142: 7132: 7131: 7119: 7118: 7115: 7114: 7111: 7110: 7108: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7051: 7049: 7043: 7042: 7040: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7023: 7021: 7015: 7014: 7011: 7010: 7007: 7006: 7004: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6957: 6955: 6949: 6948: 6946: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6904: 6902: 6895: 6889: 6888: 6886: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6864: 6863: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6837: 6831: 6825: 6824: 6822: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6805: 6804: 6799: 6789: 6784: 6782:Civil Services 6779: 6774: 6772:Prime Minister 6769: 6767:Vice President 6764: 6759: 6758: 6757: 6752: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6726: 6724: 6714: 6713: 6701: 6700: 6697: 6696: 6693: 6692: 6690: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6663:Nature worship 6660: 6655: 6649: 6647: 6643: 6642: 6640: 6639: 6634: 6632:Municipalities 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6603: 6601: 6595: 6594: 6592: 6591: 6586: 6585: 6584: 6579: 6569: 6564: 6563: 6562: 6552: 6547: 6541: 6539: 6533: 6532: 6530: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6508: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6457:Extreme points 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6428: 6426: 6422: 6421: 6419: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6401:National parks 6398: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6361:Climate change 6358: 6353: 6348: 6342: 6340: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6304: 6302: 6298: 6297: 6295: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6278: 6276: 6266: 6265: 6253: 6252: 6249: 6248: 6245: 6244: 6242: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6220: 6218: 6214: 6213: 6211: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6193:Smiling Buddha 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6149: 6147: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6098: 6097: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6070:1857 rebellion 6067: 6062: 6057: 6055:Princely state 6052: 6046: 6044: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6034: 6029: 6027:European trade 6024: 6019: 6013: 6011: 6005: 6004: 6002: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5974:Medieval India 5970: 5968: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5958: 5953: 5947: 5945: 5941: 5940: 5938: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5910:Yavana Kingdom 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5881: 5879: 5873: 5872: 5870: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5857:Paper currency 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5803: 5802: 5797: 5791: 5789: 5781: 5780: 5768: 5767: 5762: 5761: 5754: 5747: 5739: 5730: 5729: 5727: 5726: 5714: 5711: 5704: 5697: 5694: 5693: 5691: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5674: 5672: 5668: 5667: 5665: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5638: 5637: 5627: 5622: 5616: 5614: 5610: 5609: 5607: 5606: 5601: 5600: 5599: 5592: 5585: 5578:Naturalization 5575: 5574: 5573: 5568: 5557: 5555: 5551: 5550: 5547: 5546: 5544: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5531:Nordic Council 5528: 5523: 5521:European Union 5518: 5512: 5510: 5504: 5503: 5501: 5500: 5495: 5484:American Samoa 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5411: 5409: 5405: 5404: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5397: 5395:United Kingdom 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5301: 5299: 5298:Rest of Europe 5295: 5294: 5292: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5164:Czech Republic 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5135: 5133: 5126:European Union 5119: 5115: 5114: 5112: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4890: 4888: 4884: 4883: 4880: 4879: 4877: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4815: 4813: 4809: 4808: 4806: 4805: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4672: 4670: 4663: 4659: 4658: 4656: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4643:Western Sahara 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4433:Congo Republic 4430: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4374: 4372: 4365: 4361: 4360: 4353: 4352: 4345: 4338: 4330: 4321: 4320: 4318: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4291: 4289: 4285: 4284: 4282: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4220: 4218: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4195: 4193:United Kingdom 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3924: 3922: 3916: 3915: 3913: 3912: 3906: 3904: 3898: 3897: 3890: 3889: 3882: 3875: 3867: 3860: 3859: 3848: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3828: 3787: 3754: 3736: 3717: 3684: 3659: 3626: 3593: 3552: 3527: 3509: 3482: 3442: 3424: 3405: 3364: 3339: 3321: 3295: 3274: 3241: 3200: 3194: 3169: 3151: 3136: 3095: 3064: 3044:10.1086/385652 3038:(1): 108–137. 3027: 2997: 2974: 2946: 2915: 2897: 2878: 2821: 2786: 2763: 2730: 2709: 2674: 2660: 2635: 2614: 2581: 2553:10.1086/386266 2530: 2497: 2478: 2443: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2396: 2370: 2358: 2346: 2321: 2309:Incredible Goa 2295: 2278: 2252: 2220: 2208: 2196: 2184: 2151: 2118: 2106: 2091: 2079: 2067: 2034: 2032:, p. 188. 2022: 2010: 1995: 1980: 1947: 1935: 1923: 1919:Fernandes 2005 1911: 1899: 1887: 1872: 1860: 1858:, p. 205. 1848: 1836: 1824: 1812: 1810:, p. 219. 1800: 1798:, p. 264. 1788: 1776: 1774:, p. 262. 1764: 1749: 1747:, p. 217. 1734: 1732:, p. 213. 1722: 1720:, p. 251. 1710: 1708:, p. 249. 1698: 1686: 1671: 1667:Gonçalves 2003 1659: 1647: 1635: 1633:, p. 654. 1623: 1621:, p. 640. 1611: 1599: 1587: 1585:, p. 498. 1572: 1570:, p. 181. 1560: 1548: 1533: 1521: 1519:, p. 862. 1506: 1494: 1490:Thapliyal 1999 1482: 1470: 1468:, p. 114. 1458: 1446: 1434: 1422: 1407: 1395: 1393:, p. 107. 1383: 1381:, p. 287. 1371: 1367:Steinberg 1949 1359: 1347: 1335: 1323: 1311: 1309:, p. 850. 1299: 1287: 1275: 1263: 1261:, p. 849. 1251: 1239: 1237:, p. 102. 1227: 1215: 1203: 1191: 1179: 1167: 1165:, p. 286. 1155: 1143: 1131: 1119: 1107: 1105:, p. 124. 1095: 1083: 1071: 1059: 1047: 1035: 1023: 999: 988:. 23 July 2015 969: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 957: 956: 951: 944: 941: 917: 914: 908: 905: 899: 896: 887:naturalisation 873: 870: 856: 853: 851: 848: 764:Assam Movement 725: 722: 690: 687: 644: 641: 600: 597: 553: 550: 518:Union of India 506: 503: 501: 498: 452:Queen Victoria 446:Following the 443: 442:Unequal status 440: 357:British Empire 347:Princely state 330: 327: 267: 264: 262: 259: 223: 220: 204:United Kingdom 176:naturalisation 152: 151: 144: 143: 137: 136: 132: 131: 128: 124: 123: 120: 116: 115: 110: 106: 105: 100: 96: 95: 90: 86: 85: 83: 82: 79: 69: 68: 67: 64: 63: 57: 56: 48: 47: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8369: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8349: 8347: 8337: 8327: 8326: 8323: 8300: 8297: 8296: 8295: 8292: 8288: 8285: 8284: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8251: 8248: 8247: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8214: 8211: 8210: 8209: 8206: 8202: 8199: 8198: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8173: 8171: 8169: 8165: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8149: 8146: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8068: 8067: 8064: 8060: 8057: 8056: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8036: 8034: 8030: 8026: 8019: 8015: 8014: 8010: 8006: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7981:Insurance Act 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7971:Companies Act 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7940: 7937: 7936: 7935: 7932: 7931: 7929: 7925: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7900: 7898: 7894: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7854: 7851: 7850: 7849: 7846: 7845: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7817: 7816:Biotechnology 7814: 7813: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7781: 7780: 7777: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7754: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7741: 7738: 7737: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7720:Entertainment 7718: 7716: 7713: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7688: 7687: 7684: 7683: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7641: 7640: 7637: 7636: 7634: 7630: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7618:Uttar Pradesh 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7505: 7503: 7499: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7477: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7464: 7461: 7460: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7445: 7443: 7439: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7399: 7397: 7395: 7391: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7374: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7349: 7347: 7343: 7337: 7334: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7321: 7320: 7317: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7302:Digital rupee 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7284: 7283: 7280: 7279: 7277: 7273: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7261:Make in India 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7216:Foreign trade 7214: 7212: 7211:External debt 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7175: 7172: 7171: 7170: 7167: 7166: 7164: 7160: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7145: 7143: 7141: 7137: 7133: 7129: 7124: 7120: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7052: 7050: 7048: 7044: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7024: 7022: 7020: 7016: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6958: 6956: 6954: 6950: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6905: 6903: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6890: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6873:Chief Justice 6871: 6869: 6868:Supreme Court 6866: 6862: 6859: 6858: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6838: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6826: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6794: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6747: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6735:Energy policy 6733: 6731: 6728: 6727: 6725: 6723: 6719: 6715: 6711: 6706: 6702: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6650: 6648: 6644: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6604: 6602: 6600: 6596: 6590: 6587: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6574: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6561: 6558: 6557: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6542: 6540: 6538: 6534: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6495:Indo-Gangetic 6493: 6492: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6429: 6427: 6423: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6343: 6341: 6339: 6335: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6305: 6303: 6299: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6275: 6271: 6267: 6263: 6258: 6254: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6221: 6219: 6215: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6203:The Emergency 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6144: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6096: 6093: 6092: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6047: 6045: 6043: 6039: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6010: 6006: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5971: 5969: 5967: 5963: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5948: 5946: 5942: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5925:Kushan Empire 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5900:Mahajanapadas 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5882: 5880: 5878: 5874: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5804: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5792: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5773: 5769: 5760: 5755: 5753: 5748: 5746: 5741: 5740: 5737: 5725: 5724: 5715: 5712: 5709: 5708:Schengen Area 5705: 5702: 5699: 5698: 5695: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5675: 5673: 5669: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5657:Statelessness 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5636: 5633: 5632: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5617: 5615: 5611: 5605: 5602: 5598: 5597: 5593: 5591: 5590: 5589:Ius sanguinis 5586: 5584: 5581: 5580: 5579: 5576: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5563: 5562: 5559: 5558: 5556: 5552: 5542: 5541:African Union 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5513: 5511: 5509:organizations 5507:International 5505: 5499: 5496: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5480:United States 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5406: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5302: 5300: 5296: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5224:Liechtenstein 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5131:Schengen Area 5127: 5123: 5120: 5116: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4891: 4889: 4885: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4816: 4814: 4810: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4794:United States 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4673: 4671: 4667: 4664: 4660: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4493:Guinea-Bissau 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4369: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4351: 4346: 4344: 4339: 4337: 4332: 4331: 4328: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4292: 4290: 4286: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4221: 4219: 4215: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3917: 3911: 3908: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3888: 3883: 3881: 3876: 3874: 3869: 3868: 3865: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3837: 3825: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3808:: 1141–1165. 3807: 3803: 3799: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3755: 3743: 3739: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3724: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3590: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3565: 3559: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3528: 3516: 3512: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3489: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3448: 3443: 3431: 3427: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3412: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3354:: 1134–1143. 3353: 3349: 3345: 3340: 3328: 3324: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3309: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3242: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3214: 3206: 3201: 3197: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3170: 3158: 3154: 3152:0-7146-8298-5 3148: 3144: 3143: 3137: 3133: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3108: 3102: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3028: 3013: 3009: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2981: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2932: 2928: 2921: 2916: 2904: 2900: 2898:1-84150-897-7 2894: 2890: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2835: 2827: 2822: 2818: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2793: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2770: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2681: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2596:: 1184–1206. 2595: 2591: 2587: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2537: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2484: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2450: 2444: 2440: 2425: 2421: 2414: 2413: 2407: 2406: 2384: 2380: 2379:"FAQs on OCI" 2374: 2367: 2362: 2355: 2350: 2335: 2331: 2325: 2310: 2306: 2299: 2288: 2282: 2267: 2263: 2256: 2240: 2236: 2235: 2230: 2224: 2217: 2212: 2205: 2200: 2194:, p. 30. 2193: 2188: 2172: 2168: 2167: 2162: 2155: 2139: 2135: 2134: 2129: 2122: 2116:, p. 12. 2115: 2110: 2103: 2098: 2096: 2088: 2083: 2076: 2071: 2055: 2051: 2050: 2045: 2038: 2031: 2026: 2019: 2014: 2008:, p. 20. 2007: 2002: 2000: 1993:, p. 34. 1992: 1987: 1985: 1968: 1964: 1963: 1958: 1951: 1944: 1939: 1933:, p. 13. 1932: 1927: 1920: 1915: 1909:, p. 11. 1908: 1903: 1896: 1891: 1885:, p. 35. 1884: 1879: 1877: 1869: 1864: 1857: 1852: 1845: 1840: 1833: 1828: 1821: 1816: 1809: 1804: 1797: 1792: 1785: 1780: 1773: 1768: 1761: 1756: 1754: 1746: 1741: 1739: 1731: 1726: 1719: 1714: 1707: 1702: 1695: 1690: 1684:, p. 15. 1683: 1678: 1676: 1669:, p. 56. 1668: 1663: 1656: 1651: 1644: 1639: 1632: 1627: 1620: 1615: 1608: 1603: 1596: 1591: 1584: 1579: 1577: 1569: 1564: 1557: 1552: 1545: 1540: 1538: 1530: 1525: 1518: 1513: 1511: 1503: 1498: 1491: 1486: 1479: 1474: 1467: 1462: 1455: 1450: 1444:, p. 34. 1443: 1438: 1431: 1430:Winegard 2011 1426: 1419: 1414: 1412: 1404: 1399: 1392: 1387: 1380: 1375: 1369:, p. 39. 1368: 1363: 1356: 1355:Pachauri 2010 1351: 1344: 1339: 1332: 1327: 1320: 1315: 1308: 1303: 1296: 1291: 1284: 1279: 1272: 1267: 1260: 1255: 1248: 1243: 1236: 1231: 1224: 1219: 1213:, p. 10. 1212: 1207: 1200: 1195: 1189:, p. 55. 1188: 1187:Karatani 2003 1183: 1176: 1171: 1164: 1159: 1152: 1151:Karatani 2003 1147: 1141:, p. 41. 1140: 1139:Karatani 2003 1135: 1129:, p. 13. 1128: 1123: 1116: 1111: 1104: 1099: 1092: 1087: 1080: 1075: 1068: 1063: 1056: 1051: 1044: 1039: 1032: 1027: 1019: 1012: 1006: 1004: 987: 983: 977: 975: 970: 955: 952: 950: 947: 946: 940: 938: 934: 927: 923: 913: 904: 895: 891: 888: 883: 880: 869: 866: 861: 847: 843: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 804: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 781: 777: 772: 769: 765: 761: 756: 754: 749: 745: 740: 735: 731: 721: 718: 713: 708: 704: 701: 696: 686: 684: 681:were not. In 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 659:Chandernagore 654: 650: 640: 638: 632: 629: 628:Great Britain 625: 621: 617: 612: 606: 596: 594: 589: 584: 581: 575: 571: 568: 564: 559: 549: 546: 542: 537: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 497: 495: 492:prior to the 489: 487: 483: 479: 474: 470: 466: 462: 456: 453: 449: 439: 437: 432: 428: 424: 419: 417: 413: 409: 404: 400: 396: 392: 387: 385: 381: 376: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 348: 344: 340: 336: 326: 324: 320: 314: 312: 308: 303: 302:Mughal Empire 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 282:royal charter 279: 273: 258: 256: 252: 248: 244: 243:Supreme Court 239: 237: 233: 229: 219: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 188: 186: 182: 177: 172: 169: 164: 162: 158: 149: 145: 142: 138: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 114: 111: 107: 104: 101: 97: 94: 91: 87: 78: 77: 74: 73: 65: 62: 58: 54: 49: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 8257:Martial arts 8181:Architecture 8054:Demographics 8039:Caste system 8016:Society and 7666:Construction 7448:By net worth 7282:Indian rupee 7085:Reservations 7059: 6953:Intelligence 6856:Human rights 6841:Constitution 6599:Subdivisions 6292:Indian Plate 6282:Fossil Parks 6217:Contemporary 6132:World War II 6009:Early Modern 5999:Vijayanagara 5895:Vedic period 5765:India topics 5722: 5688:Soviet Union 5683:Ancient Rome 5678:Nazi Germany 5604:Repatriation 5594: 5587: 5554:By procedure 5089:Turkmenistan 5044:Saudi Arabia 4933: 4608:South Africa 4593:Sierra Leone 4398:Burkina Faso 4364:By continent 4153:South Africa 4138:Sierra Leone 4022: 3801: 3795: 3762: 3758: 3746:. 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