City of David (archaeological site)

2624:, 64-67: "Ἐκβαλὼν δὲ τοὺς Ἰεβουσαίους ἐκ τῆς ἄκρας καὶ αὐτὸς ἀνοικοδομήσας τὰ Ἱεροσόλυμα, πόλιν αὐτὴν Δαυίδου προσηγόρευσε, καὶ τὸν ἅπαντα χρόνον ἐν αὐτῇ διέτριβε βασιλεύων. ὁ δὲ χρόνος ὃν τῆς Ἰούδα φυλῆς ἦρξε μόνης ἐν Χεβρῶνι ἐγένετο ἔτη ἑπτὰ καὶ μῆνες ἕξ. ἀποδείξας δὲ βασίλειον τὰ Ἱεροσόλυμα λαμπροτέροις αἰεὶ καὶ μᾶλλον ἐχρῆτο τοῖς πράγμασι, τοῦ θεοῦ προνοουμένου κρείττω ποιεῖν αὐτὰ καὶ λαμβάνειν ἐπίδοσιν. 66πέμψας δὲ πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ Εἴρωμος1 ὁ Τυρίων βασιλεὺς φιλίαν καὶ συμμαχίαν συνέθετο· ἔπεμψε δ᾿ αὐτῷ καὶ δωρεὰς ξύλα κέδρινα καὶ τεχνίτας ἄνδρας τέκτονας καὶ οἰκοδόμους, οἳ κατασκευάσειαν2 βασίλειον ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις. Δαυίδης δὲ τήν τε κάτω3 πόλιν περιλαβὼν4 καὶ τὴν ἄκραν συνάψας αὐτῇ ἐποίησεν ἓν σῶμα, καὶ περιτειχίσας ἐπιμελητὴν 67τῶν τειχῶν κατέστησεν Ἰώαβον. πρῶτος οὖν Δαυίδης τοὺς Ἰεβουσαίους ἐξ Ἱεροσολύμων ἐκβαλὼν ἀφ᾿ ἑαυτοῦ προσηγόρευσε τὴν πόλιν· ἐπὶ γὰρ Ἁβράμου τοῦ προγόνου ἡμῶν Σόλυμα ἐκαλεῖτο..." "When David had driven the Jebusites out of the citadel and had himself rebuilt Jerusalem, he called it the City of David and continued to dwell in it for the whole length of time that he reigned. Now the time that he ruled over the tribe of Judah alone at Hebron was seven years and six months. But after he had chosen Jerusalem for his royal residence, he enjoyed ever more brilliant fortune because of God’s provident care in enhancing it and causing it to increase. Eirōmosa also, the king of Tyre, wrote to him, proposing friendship and alliance, and sent him gifts of cedar wood and skilled men as carpenters and builders to construct a palace in Jerusalem. And David enclosed the lower city and joined it to the citadel so as to form one whole, and, having put a wall around this, appointed Joab keeper of the walls. Thus David, who was the first to drive the Jebusites out of Jerusalem, named the city after himself" 2612:, p. 29: "Contrast these rather upbeat examples of ethical praxis in public archaeology with the situation in the Wadi Hilweh neighborhood in Silwan, built on the ancient mound of Jerusalem, just south of the Haram esh-Sharif (Temple Mount). Here, the material remains of the past have become completely absorbed in the discourse of political power, as both the Israeli national project of unifying Jerusalem and the settler project of breaking Palestinian Jerusalem apart have joined to disenfranchise the people living above and among the antiquities. The archaeology practiced here is completely subsumed to political and corporate motivations that are, however, largely unacknowledged by its "neutral" practitioners, leading to questionable field practice and overtly skewed interpretations of the past. Instead of going into detail about the issues of excavation and interpretation, which I have discussed at length elsewhere (Greenberg 2008, 2009), I would like to consider if there is any way out of the predicament that is, if there is a way to conduct archaeology ethically in Silwan." 1112: 3278:(2006), 159–168; Kitchen (1997); Millard (1997; 2008). For a total denial of the historicity of the United Monarchy cf. e.g. Davies (1992), 67–68; others suggested a 'chiefdom' comprising a small region around Jerusalem, cf. Knauf (1997), 81–85; Niemann (1997), 252–299 and Finkelstein (1999). For a 'middle of the road' approach suggesting a United Monarchy of larger territorial scope though smaller than the biblical description cf., e.g., Miller (1997); Halpern (2001), 229–262; Liverani (2005), 92–101. The latter recently suggested a state comprising the territories of Judah and Ephraim during the time of David, that was subsequently enlarged to include areas of northern Samariaand influence areas in the Galilee and Transjordan. Na'aman (1992; 1996) once accepted the basic biography of David as authentic and later rejected the United Monarchy as a state, cf. id. (2007), 401–402. 4232:(2003), p. 52, who wrote: "The excavation along the eastern face of the wall reached a depth of c. 6 m., where the wall was preserved to its full height. The earth that accumulated along the eastern face of the wall contained ceramic finds from the end of the Second Temple period and it was the bottom of a large refuse dump from this period that covered the entire eastern hillside of the City of David. The area on the western side of the wall had only been excavated to a shallow depth, to date. Nevertheless, it was already obvious that the earth on this side contained only pottery fragments from Iron Age II, the period when the wall was used and perhaps built as well." 783: 763: 75: 82: 57: 771: 2250: 747: 2912:, quote: "One of the peculiar outcomes of this "dig" was that the ancient graves discovered on the upper part of the slope and correctly dated by Vincent to the Early Bronze period, are still the most ancient remains known, not only on the southeastern hill but in all of Jerusalem. This discovery has actually provided the decisive proof that the southeastern hill is the site of the earliest human settlement of Jerusalem and confirms its identification as the biblical City of David." 887:. Warren conducted an excavation of the area south of the Temple Mount and recovered a massive fortification. The finding led him to conduct more excavations at the area south of the Temple Mount. There he revealed a vertical shaft descending from a slanted tunnel to an apparent water source. He suggested that the shaft was used to supply water to the city, which he believed was the old biblical city of David. Today this shaft is called after its discoverer " 2719:

first applied to the site by the French archaeologist Raymond Weill, who excavated there in 1913–14 and makes a very specific historical reference to the Bible’s most famous king, is most often called Wadi al-Hilweh by its current, mainly Arab, residents (Weill, 1920). The name City of David privileges one phase of history, one that resonates with a Jewish national agenda and perhaps even more strongly with its Christian, biblically oriented supporters."

613: 2127: 523: 1966: 1910: 2051:, and have concluded that the shaft was largely in disuse at that time, although it was within the city and the city was, indeed, encompassed by a monumental wall which they had excavated. This ancient wall, found on the eastern-most flank of the Kidron valley in the ancient City of David, rather than in the Giv'ati Parking Lot, was preserved in its full height (6 m.), measuring 2 m. in width. 1941: 1081: 624:(PEF) since its establishment in 1865 was to search for the true location of the biblical "City of David" and to report on its findings. However, after 130 years of research, surveys, and excavations in Jerusalem, only a few of the targets relating to the area of the City of David have been achieved and neither the location of the tombs of David and Solomon or the Ophel are known. 2024:. According to Mazar, "It's the most significant construction we have from First Temple days in Israel," and "It means that at that time, the 10th century, in Jerusalem there was a regime capable of carrying out such construction." Aren Maeir, an archaeology professor at Bar Ilan University, said he has yet to see evidence that the fortifications are as old as Mazar claims. 1689:, which lies on the eastern slope of the southeastern hill of Jerusalem aka the City of David, and is generally considered the very reason why the city first emerged at this specific location. It has been noted that above the Gihon Spring was found a massive town wall, which wall is used to determine the location of the ancient settlement. 928:

intends to carbon-14 date sites in Jerusalem. At the time only ten reliable carbon dates existed from all of the city's digs. According to Gadot, the chronology of Jerusalem is "an assumption on an assumption on an assumption". The results of several studies have been published including for the Gihon Spring Tower and for Wilson's Arch.

4509:

report warned, was the City of David, a government-funded archeological park in the Palestinian neighbourhood of Silwan that provides tours in the ruins of ancient Jerusalem. The site is operated by a settler organisation “promoting an exclusively Jewish narrative, while detaching the place from its Palestinian surroundings”.

3311:, Ronny Reich and Eli Shukron, BAR January/February 1999: 22–33, 72, quote: "The area we are talking about – the eastern slope of the City of David and particularly the strip above the Gihon Spring – has been subject to more archaeological excavations and research than any site in Jerusalem, and even in Israel." 2338:

In a 2015 report on Israeli archaeology, the National Academy of Sciences criticized the political use of archeology and the extensive cooperation between Elad and the Nature and Parks Authority. Elad's head, David Be’eri, declined to appear before the committee and said the report was biased against

2063:

Ben-Ami goes on saying that his Givati findings indicate that "the fortified city of the Iron IIB, which encompassed both the City of David and the Western Hill, had no need for a fortification line between these two sectors of the city." Nevertheless, subsequent excavations at Givati and other sites

1936:

points out that there is no mention of any personal names or titles and no place names in the document. He notes that the quality of the script is good but that this does not show that it is "international royal correspondence." He also suggests that caution should be taken before positing a definite

2718:

Professor Rannfrid I. Thelle, Contested Antiquities, Contested Histories: The City of David as an Example; "Even in choosing how to describe the area of the City of David one faces challenges, because the terminology chosen is not neutral... The area referred to as the City of David—a name which was

927:

A four-year project started in 2017, called "Setting the Clock in the City of David" and led by Yuval Gadot, an archaeologist at Tel Aviv University together with Elisabetta Boaretto (Weizmann Institute of Science), plus two Israel Antiquities Authority archaeologists, Joe Uziel and Doron Ben Ami,

699:

findings in a rock-cut pool near the Gihon spring. In the "City of David Visitors' Center," before it was opened to the public, excavations were conducted in and around the general area of that site by a team of IAA archaeologists, again confirming the existence of a city dating back to the Iron Age

2106:

wig. Ussishkin believes that the architectural similarity to building styles of the Phoenician cities validates the biblical description of Phoenician influence on the Israelite kingdoms, but speculates that some or all of the tombs may have been built by Phoenician aristocrats living in Jerusalem.

2347:

The entire site, including the Gihon Spring and the two Pools of Siloam, is incorporated in an archaeological park open to the public. Visitors can wade through the Siloam Tunnel, through which the waters of the ancient spring still flow, although the change in the water table in recent times mean

430:

According to the Hebrew Bible, the name "City of David" was applied to Jerusalem after its conquest by David c. 1000 BCE, and is not to be confused with the modern organization by the same name and which showcases relatively small excavated portions of the larger city. It is first mentioned in the

4508:

1 February 2018:'Archaeology and tourism development by government institutions as well as private settler organisations established what it said was a “narrative based on historic continuity of the Jewish presence in the area at the expense of other religions and cultures”. Chief among them, the

2030:

wrote in 2014 that, on the basis of his own excavations in the Givati parking lot area bordering on the "City of David" from the north-west, there was apparently no 10th-century city wall: "Had a fortified settlement existed in the City of David, then the course of the city wall on the west would

2101:

The architecture of the tombs and the manner of burial is different "from anything known from contemporary Palestine. Elements such as entrances located high above the surface, gabled ceilings, straight ceilings with a cornice,13 trough-shaped resting-places with pillows, above-ground tombs, and

1865:

remains include bits of pottery found in clefts in the bedrock by Macalister and Duncan. The expedition also discovered a number of places where the bedrock had been cut in various ways. These included areas where the rock had been smoothed and others where it had been cut to form flow channels.

943:

to the west and the Qidron Valley to the east, with the Hinnom Valley bordering it from the south, and distinct from the Ophel saddle area to its north and with the city walls ending before the King's Garden to the south. Here is an incomplete overview of archaeological sites inside the presumed

3277:

For conservative approaches defining the United Monarchy as a state "from Dan to Beer Sheba" including "conquered kingdoms" (Ammon, Moab, Edom) and "spheres of influence" in Geshur and Hamath cf. e.g. Ahlström (1993), 455–542; Meyers (1998); Lemaire (1999); Masters (2001); Stager (2003); Rainey

2000:

period. However, new evidence continues to emerge from the dig. Mazar's date is supported by 10th century imported luxury goods found within the Large Stone Structure, including two Phoenician-style ivory inlays once attached to iron objects. Comparable objects found in a Phoenician tomb at

4325:

Jewish Quarter Excavations in the Old City of Jerusalem: The finds from areas A, W and X-2 : final report Volume 2 of Jewish Quarter Excavations in the Old City of Jerusalem: Conducted by Nahman Avigad, 1969-1982, Nahman Avigad, Hillel Geva, Israel Exploration Society,

2334:

stated that archaeological practice at the site is "completely subsumed to political and corporate motivations that are, however, largely unacknowledged by its "neutral" practitioners, leading to questionable field practice and overtly skewed interpretations of the past".

795:

The area is one of the most intensively excavated sites in the Holy Land. Archaeological practice at the site has been criticized for its practitioners not acknowledging political and corporate motivations, questionable field practice and overtly skewed interpretations.

919:(IAA). In 2012–2013, two teams of archaeologists conducted surveys of the area on behalf of the IAA; one led by Joseph (Joe) Uzziel, and the other by Yuval Gadot. Archaeological surveys in the City of David continued in 2014, led by Uzziel, and Nahshon Szanton. 542:

The prevailing view of archaeologists is that the ancient site of the City of David lay on an elongated spur facing north–south, extending outside the wall of the Old City, south of its southeastern corner, in the southern part of the eastern ridge next to the

566:, largely built-up around the natural spring, although not known then by the name City of David. The Old Testament claims that, after the conquest of Jerusalem, an earlier name for the site, Jebus, was replaced by the term "City of David". David's son, 839:

It is thought to have been the site of a walled city from the Bronze Age, which enjoyed the defensive advantages of its position. In the pre-Israelite period, the area is thought to have been separated from the site of the later Temple Mount by the

871:(reign c. 716–697/687 BCE), the walls of Jerusalem were expanded westward, across the Central Valley from the City of David and the Temple Mount, enclosing a previously unwalled suburb in the area known today as the Western Hill of the Old City. 4767:

Garth Gilmour, "Final Report of Excavations on The Hill of The Ophel by R.A.S. Macalister and J. Garrow Duncan 1923–1925 - Catalogue and Examination of the Finds in the Collections of the Palestine Exploration Fund", London: Routledge, 2024

4020:

Regev, Johanna; Gadot, Yuval; Uziel, Joe; Chalaf, Ortal; Shalev, Yiftah; Roth, Helena; Shalom, Nitsan; Szanton, Nahshon; Bocher, Efrat; Pearson, Charlotte L.; Brown, David M.; Mintz, Eugenia; Regev, Lior; Boaretto, Elisabetta (2024-04-29).

2054:

The discrepancy can perhaps be attributed to the limited confines of the Giv'ati Parking Lot and where Ben-Ami and his team were expecting to find a wall when, in fact, the ancient wall went beyond the bounds of the excavated Parking Lot.

2418:

Known to archaeologists and Biblical scholars as the site of the City of David, the western slope of the Kidron valley is referred to locally by a variety of aliases, and among them "Wadi Hilwe" (in English, "Beautiful Valley") seems to

458:

after 1967, a name which was first applied to the site by French archaeologist Raymond Weill in 1913. Rannfrid Thelle wrote that the title "City of David" favors the Jewish national agenda and appeals to its Christian supporters.

627:

The City of David is one of the most excavated archaeological sites in the country and one of the first to be excavated. Many researchers of Near Eastern history often took part in digs within the City of David, among whom were:

3745:, by Times of Israel staff, posted & accessed 21 July 2024. Includes Youtube clip with archaeologists Yuval Gadot and Yiftach Shalev, "After 150 years: archaeologists in the City of David uncover a monumental fortification". 731:, "the prevailing theory in mainstream scholarship, that even if such rulers existed, they were monarchs of a tiny backwater." Today, scholars are divided amongst those who support the historicity of the biblical narrative of a 570:, extended the wall to the north and added to it the area of the Temple Mount whereon he built an edifice (Temple) to the God of his fathers. From the eighth century BCE, the city began to expand westward beyond the dale. 855:

argued there had been no 10th-century city wall, meaning: no fortified settlement in the City of David during the Iron IIA (c. 1000–925 BCE), the time span usually proposed by biblical scholars for the reigns of David,

2031:

have had to pass through the Givati excavation area. No such city wall has thus far been found. This means that the Iron Age IIa settlement was not fortified." Ben-Ami's findings stand in stark contrast to those of

2881:, quote: "Warren and Guthe's discoveries triggered the discussion on whether it was this very hill, on the southern outskirts of the Old City of Jerusalem, which was taken by King David and turned into his capital." 1882:, speculates that they may have been created by repeated grinding and crushing activity, such as the grinding of grain or the crushing of olives. Eilat Mazar speculates that they were used to collect rainwater. 2013:, showing a probable date between 1050 and 780 BCE. A large section of a "delicate and elegant" black-on-red jug, also found in the structure, is of a kind dated to the second half of the tenth century BCE. 3911: 3939:

Edwin C. M. van den Brink, "A New Fossil Director of the Chalcolithic Landscape in the Shephelah and the Samarian and Judaean Hill Countries: Stationary Grinding Facilities in Bedrock", IEJ 58.1 (2008),

1703:, a natural shaft, once thought to have been a water supply system. Although within the bounds of the City of David, it is thought to have been inaccessible during the period attributed to King David. 4357:

Mendel-Geberovich, Anat; Shalev, Yiftah; Bocher, Efrat; Shalom, Nitsan; Gadot, Yuval (2019). "A Newly Discovered Personal Seal and Bulla from the Excavations of the GivꜤati Parking Lot, Jerusalem".

2094:. These are large, elaborate tombs of skilfully cut into the stone face of the eastern slope, such as could only have been built by the highest-ranking members of a wealthy society. According to 2299:

During the excavation of the area adjacent to the west, the so-called Givati Parking Lot dig, many Byzantine-period finds were made, including a hoard of 264 gold coins from the time of Emperor

2747:

Yiftah Shalev; Efrat Bocher; Helena Roth; Debora Sandhaus; Nitsan Shalom; Yuval Gadot (31 March 2021). "Jerusalem in the Early Hellenistic Period: New Evidence for Its Nature and Location". In

498:, east of the City of David. In the 20th century, the village spread west and crossed the valley to the eastern hill, the site of the ancient city. Before 1948, the area was known in Arabic as 3930:

Macalister, R.A. and Duncan, J.G., Excavations on the hill of Ophel, Jerusalem, 1923-1925; being the joint expedition of the Palestine Exploration Fund and the 'Daily Telegraph', London, 1926.

739:

contains theological exaggerations. A view held by Finkelstein, Koch & Lipschits (2011) that the City of David is to be placed on the Temple Mount has largely been rejected by scholars of

2168:

to a place on the west side of the City of David, and covering over all signs of the source of the spring and the fortifications that had surrounded it in earlier periods. He built the

1988:, which she dated to the tenth century BCE, would be evidence of buildings in Jerusalem of a size appropriate to the capital of a centralized kingdom at that time. Others, most notably 1957:

conducted in five different parts of the City of David which they argue provide evidence for the existence of an urban settlement in Jerusalem all through the 12th-10th centuries BCE.

1870:, cut into the bedrock. These are assumed to have been used for some form of agricultural processing. Macalister and Duncan speculated that they were used in olive oil processing. 1932:. According to Horowitz, the quality of the writing indicates that this was a royal inscription, apparently a letter from the king of Jerusalem to the pharaoh in Egypt. Professor 2009:

bowls with red slip and hand burnishing support both the tenth century date and a sophisticated, urban lifestyle. A bone has been radiocarbon dated by Elisabetta Boaretto at the

2110:

Although only three partial inscriptions survive, the paleography makes the dating certain and they suffice for most archaeologists to identify one tomb with the Biblical

5149: 1871: 1565: 5163: 1924:

dating from the 14th century BCE was uncovered, making it the oldest written document yet uncovered in Jerusalem. It is dated by the writing it bears, in an ancient

968:

in the 1960s and now understood as part of the same defensive ditch. It is not possible to determine when it was hewn out of the bedrock, but it was in place by the

3236: 3232: 2471:, pp. 32–49) "The prevailing view among researchers that the early city, the City of David, lay in the southern part of the eastern ridge next to the spring." 4148:

Color photo in Mazar, Eilat, Excavations at the Summit of the City of David, Preliminary Report of Seasons 2005-2007, Shoham, Jerusalem and New York, 2009, p. 53.

891:", but his interpretation has been proven wrong, as the shaft is not man-made and had not yet been discovered by Jerusalem's inhabitants in the 10th century BCE. 894:

There have been numerous excavations since and several digs are currently underway. Complete chronological lists of the digs are available at the website of the

716:, they continued to call the immediate area surrounding the Pool of Siloam by the name "City of David," although this name was eventually replaced by the name 3576: 2233:. The scaraboid is understood to have been produced in Babylonia, with space left below that altar for a personal name. In that space are Hebrew letters that 5212: 4873:(2009), "The Palace of King David, Excavations at the Summit of the City of David. Preliminary Report of Seasons 2005–2007." Shoham: Jerusalem and New York 2234: 2064:

have shown that 9th century Jerusalem "included an acropolis to the north and a city on the lower, southeastern, ridge with a barrier separating the two."

1977:

The period of the tenth and ninth centuries BCE has been the subject of an intense scholarly dispute, as well as of ongoing archaeological investigations.

1194: 6180: 4099: 2785: 1184: 4400:

Mazar, Eilat, Excavations at the Summit of the City of David, Preliminary Report of Seasons 2005-2007, Shoham, Jerusalem and New York, 2009, pp. 78-9.

4391:

Mazar, Eilat, Excavations at the Summit of the City of David, Preliminary Report of Seasons 2005-2007, Shoham, Jerusalem and New York, 2009, pp. 77-8.

4127:

Mazar, Eilat, Excavations at the Summit of the City of David, Preliminary Report of Seasons 2005-2007, Shoham, Jerusalem and New York, 2009, pp. 52-3.

2430:

Ariel, D. T., & De Groot, A. (1978). "The Iron Age extramural occupation at the City of David and additional observations on the Siloam Channel."

1728:- two connected pools, an upper one from the Byzantine period at the exit of the Siloam Tunnel, and the recently discovered, lower pool dating to the 547:. The City of David was the ancient epicenter of Jerusalem and whose boundaries stretched from the Temple Mount in the north, thence southward to the 74: 5176: 3949:

Mazar, Eilat, "Excavations at the Summit of the City of David, Preliminary Report of Seasons 2005–2007," Shoham, Jerusalem and New York, 2009, p. 23.

2806: 2086:

and dating from the 9th to the 7th centuries BCE, are found outside Wadi Hilweh/the City of David, on the ridge on the opposite, eastern side of the

3595:"Setting the Clock in the City of David: Establishing a Radiocarbon Chronology for Jerusalem's Archaeology in Proto-historical and Historical Times" 3594: 4139:

Mazar, Eilat, Excavations at the Summit of the City of David, Preliminary Report of Seasons 2005-2007, Shoham, Jerusalem and New York, 2009, p. 52.

3742: 3616:

Regev, Johanna; Uziel, Joe; Szanton, Nahshon; Boaretto, Elisabetta (6 June 2017). "Absolute Dating of the Gihon Spring Fortifications, Jerusalem".

2102:

inscriptions engraved on the facade appear only here." However, the stone benches were carved with headrests in a style borrowed from the Egyptian

1707: 3091: 2621: 1111: 5052: 3249: 4485:

Excavations on the hill of Ophel, Jerusalem, 1923-1925: being the joint expedition of the Palestine Exploration Fund and the 'Daily Telegraph'

999:, which possibly included the Temple Mount, from the residential part of the city. Researchers tentatively connected it to a passage from the 6249: 6244: 6224: 311: 936:

There are several excavated sections known as Area A, B, C, etc., which include city walls, water systems, remains of buildings and more.

2021: 1653: 598: 6234: 5137: 447:, being the name given to Jerusalem after it had been conquered by King David and who is said to have ruled in the city for 33 years. 2320: 1154: 915:

In 2010, an archaeological survey of the City of David was conducted by Rina Avner, Eliahu Shukron and Ronny Reich, on behalf of the

5091:(in Hebrew). Vol. 10. Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House, in affiliation with the Israel Ministry of Defence. pp. 164–172. 3996:"A fragmentary cuneiform tablet from the Ophel (Jerusalem) : methodological musings about the proposed genre and Sitz im Leben" 5205: 4539: 1052:

she has discovered at the upper area of the site and tentatively dated to the tenth to ninth century BC, may be the palace of King

17: 4913: 601:

identified the earliest known settlement traces in the Jerusalem region, suggesting the area was an ancient core of settlement in

5143: 652:- 1909–1911, in which they documented the location of tunnels and artifacts discovered in and on the bedrock in the areas around 334:. However, recent excavations at the site suggested an earlier origin in the late 9th or early 8th century BCE. Remains from the 2890: 775: 3651:

Johanna Regev; Joe Uziel; Tehillah Lieberman; Avi Solomon; Yuval Gadot; Doron Ben-Ami; Lior Regev; Elisabetta Boaretto (2020).

2229:

showing a "Babylonian cultic scene" of two bearded men standing on each side of an altar dedicated to the Babylonian moon god

4892: 4833: 4795: 4690: 4666: 4453: 3804: 2766: 2638:(in Hebrew). Vol. 10. Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House, in affiliation with the Israel Ministry of Defence. p. 8. 1492: 1237: 1174: 3455: 3437: 3419: 3401: 2905: 2874: 6219: 2452:

Reich, R., & Shukron, E. (2000). "The Excavations at the Gihon Spring and Warren's Shaft System in the City of David."

1241: 5171: 5157: 5084: 4157:

Herzog, H. and Sinver-Avitz, L., Redefining the Center: The Emergence of State in Judah, Tel Aviv, 31/2, 2004, pp. 209-44.

3856: 2859: 5198: 3959:

Mazar, Eilat; Horowitz, Wayne; Oshima, Takayoshi; Goren, Yuval (2010). "A Cuneiform Tablet from the Ophel in Jerusalem".

1693:

The ancient water systems connected to the Gihon Spring include natural, masonry-built, and rock-cut structures, such as

1518: 989: 732: 185:

Charles Warren, Conard Schick, K.M. Kenyon, Yigal Shiloh, Ronny Reich, Eli Shukron, Doron Ben-Ami, Eilat Mazar and others

4502: 3304: 3010: 2680: 2377: 4586:(2014). "Notes on the Iron IIA Settlement in Jerusalem in Light of Excavations in the Northwest of the City of David". 969: 2172:

as a water reservoir. Hezekiah then surrounded the new reservoir and the city's burgeoning western suburbs with a new

475:, sometimes described as the southeastern ridge of ancient Jerusalem. The hill descends from the Dung Gate toward the 4773: 4519: 3653:"Radiocarbon dating and microarchaeology untangle the history of Jerusalem's Temple Mount: A view from Wilson's Arch" 2684: 2662: 2153:

King Hezekiah secured the city's water supply against siege by employing his men to dig a 533 metres (1,749 ft)

354: 201: 4627:(1922). "Die Ausgrabungen von Raymond Weill in der Davidsstadt (Raymond Weill's excavations in the City of David)". 427:

repeated the story. The reliability of the Bible for the time period's history is subject to debate among scholars.

1466: 1316: 677: 2296:

stood in the area now underneath the visitor's center, atop the central part of E. Mazar's Large Stone Structure.

310:; they continued to remain in use throughout subsequent periods. Two monumental Iron Age structures, known as the 6264: 6229: 3558: 2567: 1758: 1646: 735:

ruled by David, those who completely deny its existence and those who support its existence but believe that the

4414: 3185: 2384:"One of the most important sites in the Jerusalem Walls National Park is the City of David (ancient Jerusalem)." 2528:

Alon De Groot and Fadida Atalya (2011). "The Pottery Assemblage from the Rock-Cut Pool near the Gihon Spring".

1424: 1311: 2782: 2568:"Jerusalem, City of David [stepped street dig, July 2013 - end 2014], Preliminary Report (21/08/2016)" 1016: 6166: 5352: 2676: 1799: 1620: 1460: 964:, was identified in 2023 in the Givati parking lot dig, with an additional segment to the east discovered by 350: 4473:, at "3. The City of David Visitors' Center". Emek Shaveh booklet, 10 September 2010, accessed 23 June 2022. 993: 6254: 6101: 5706: 5487: 4426: 3540: 3524: 3508: 3488: 3472: 2947:'Western Jerusalem at the End of the First Temple Period in Light of the Excavations in the Jewish Quarter' 1879: 1753:, rock-cut vaulted tunnels once interpreted as royal Judahite tombs (T1 and T2), a rock-cut pool where the 1419: 1414: 916: 895: 692: 3828: 6259: 6074: 5462: 5119: 4107: 4023:"Radiocarbon chronology of Iron Age Jerusalem reveals calibration offsets and architectural developments" 1937:

date as it is not a stratified find, having been discovered after excavation in a "wet sieving" process.

1360: 1283: 1278: 1273: 531: 331: 170: 166: 4825:

Archaeology, Heritage and Ethics in the Western Wall Plaza, Jerusalem: Darkness at the End of the Tunnel

5699: 5337: 5295: 5288: 5004: 4752: 4616: 4489: 3834: 2967: 2265: 2256:, City of David, 1st century CE, indicating the existence of a synagogue at that site previous to 70 CE 1783: 1639: 1306: 1293: 1288: 1214: 1004: 884: 879:

Archaeological exploration of the area began in the nineteenth century, with excavations undertaken by

633: 621: 590: 343: 5128: 4884:

From Shiloah to Silwan, visitor's guide to ancient Jerusalem (City of David) and the village of Silwan

3160:(2003), pp. 51–53, on a Rock-cut pool near the Gihon spring, and the ancient wall in the City of David 4882: 4740: 1560: 1528: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1321: 511: 3188:, Moran Hagbi and Joe Uziel (2017), Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel (IAA) 3032: 6133: 5929: 5858: 5720: 5544: 5397: 1625: 1555: 1487: 1482: 1144: 823:

The ridge is currently inside the predominantly Arab neighborhood of Wadi Hilweh, which is part of

782: 657: 5030: 3134:(in Hebrew and English). Jerusalem: Institute of Archaeology, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. 2921: 6116: 5971: 5887: 5182:

A new study managed to accurately date findings from 1st Temple period found in the City of David

4909: 3912:

Eisenbud, D. (2015). "Archeological find in Jerusalem's City of David may answer ancient mystery"

3087: 2273: 2187: 1843: 1772: 1409: 1065: 1038: 985: 762: 418: 335: 315: 61: 4562:(2011). "The Northwestern Slope of the City of David during the Iron Age—Preliminary Findings". 4484: 3703:"An Early Iron Age Moat in Jerusalem between the Ophel and the Southeastern Ridge/City of David" 585:

calls Jebus and later the City of David, began in the late 19th century with the excavations of

6162: 5741: 5590: 3824: 2277: 2173: 1615: 1595: 1434: 852: 245: 31: 4656: 4441: 4262:"The Necropolis from the Time of the Kingdom of Judah at Silwan," Jerusalem, David Ussishkin, 2946: 2792:. Ir Amim for an Equitable and Stable Jerusalem with an Agreed Political Future, May 2009, p.7 5755: 5402: 5362: 4783: 4072:"The world of archeology is rocked by evidence of King David's palace unearthed in Jerusalem" 3344: 2253: 2214: 2198: 1985: 1970: 1928:

script. The text was deciphered by graduate student Takayoshi Oshima working under professor

1754: 1610: 1130: 1049: 1032: 555:

in the east and the adjacent dale in the west. Its area is about 50 dunams (ca. 12.3 acres).

472: 148: 2658: 5417: 5257: 4975:; Shukron, Eli; Lernau, Omri (2007). "Recent Discoveries in the City of David, Jerusalem". 4658:

David and Solomon: In Search of the Bible's Sacred Kings and the Roots of Western Tradition

4652: 3544: 3528: 3512: 3496: 3492: 3476: 1933: 1733: 1666:

The Gihon Spring is a major water source used in several successive ancient water systems.

1605: 1523: 1378: 1346: 1124: 740: 705: 669: 649: 616:

Topographical map of Jerusalem showing the approximate location of the "City of David" site

594: 578: 574: 4347:“Strata: Seals of Jeremiah’s Captors Who Urged Imprisonment,” BAR, September/October 2015. 4335: 3176:(2007), pp. 153–169, findings from the Iron Age II from the rock-cut pool near the spring. 2047:(c. 1000 BCE) captured Jerusalem by entering into the city through the shaft now known as 1786:

probably used by Second Temple-period pilgrims and built over the Jerusalem Water Channel.

56: 8: 5248: 5060: 4850:(1989). "Excavations in the South of the Temple Mount: The Ophel of Biblical Jerusalem". 4536:

Archaeology and the City of David, Rick Sherrod, Good News: A Magazine of Understanding,

2734:

A Privatized Heritage: How the Israel Antiquities Authority Relinquished Jerusalem's Past

2327: 2316: 1993: 1901:

Jerusalem is mentioned several times in Egyptian texts from the 19th–18th centuries BCE.

1831: 1590: 1510: 1341: 1224: 559: 413: 358: 299: 283:. It is situated on southern part of the eastern ridge of ancient Jerusalem, west of the 268: 205: 4614:

Broshi, M. (1974). "The expansion of Jerusalem in the reigns of Hezekiah and Manasseh."

4537: 3743:

Solving mystery, archaeologists find vast moat that protected Jerusalem’s biblical kings

6026: 5981: 5762: 5654: 5585: 5046: 4984: 4960: 4859: 4858:. Jerusalem: Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem: I–XVIII, 1–187. 4756: 4728: 4720: 4648: 4636: 4603: 4571: 4374: 4091: 3976: 3707: 3679: 3652: 3633: 3070: 2545: 2510: 2281: 2010: 1989: 1954: 1925: 1803: 1718: 1585: 1533: 1477: 1444: 1204: 1095: 808:. The site has a good defensive position, as it is almost surrounded by the Central or 637: 378: 4823: 6084: 5482: 5442: 5392: 5372: 5272: 5092: 5068: 5034: 5020: 5008: 4888: 4829: 4810: 4791: 4769: 4732: 4686: 4662: 4607: 4449: 4366: 4167: 4052: 4044: 3968: 3882: 3864: 3838: 3800: 3637: 3135: 3112: 2762: 2639: 2549: 2541: 2514: 2506: 2147: 2083: 2073: 2048: 1898: 1700: 1600: 1497: 888: 770: 701: 653: 527: 303: 4599: 957: 939:

The City of David is traditionally considered to be on the ridge squeezed in by the

6121: 5635: 5595: 5477: 5347: 5265: 5177:

10 reasons the “City of David” is not the wholesome tourist site you thought it was

5069:"Jerusalem - History (chapter: History of Jerusalem - Ancient Origins of the City)" 5026:

Jerusalem: The Topography, Economics and History from the Earliest Times to A.D. 70

4743:; De Groot, Alon (2017). "The City of David Is Not on the Temple Mount After All". 4712: 4595: 4034: 3716: 3674: 3664: 3650: 3625: 3346:

Report of the Human Rights Council: Twelfth Session (14 September - 2 October 2009)

3302:

Light at the End of the Tunnel: Warren's Shaft Theory of David's Conquest Shattered

2746: 2537: 2502: 2191: 2143: 1776: 1392: 1164: 1069: 977: 940: 809: 563: 288: 152: 3721: 3702: 2493:

Ronny Reich and Eli Shukron (2011). "The date of the Siloam Tunnel reconsidered".

2405: 27:

Archaeological site thought to constitute the core settlement of ancient Jerusalem

6239: 6091: 6011: 5991: 5839: 5797: 5692: 5614: 5132: 5111: 5089:

Israel Guide - Jerusalem (A useful encyclopedia for the knowledge of the country)

4700: 4680: 4676: 4543: 4103: 4095: 3861:

Israel Guide - Jerusalem (A useful encyclopedia for the knowledge of the country)

3669: 3459: 3441: 3423: 3405: 3308: 3301: 3104: 2909: 2902: 2878: 2871: 2789: 2758:

The Middle Maccabees: Archaeology, History, and the Rise of the Hasmonean Kingdom

2756: 2636:

Israel Guide - Jerusalem (A useful encyclopedia for the knowledge of the country)

2406:"(Re)designing the City of David: Landscape, Narrative and Archaeology in Silwan" 2349: 2230: 2095: 2005:

suggest that they may have decorated a sword handle. A quantity of luxury round,

1827: 1439: 965: 751: 717: 673: 645: 495: 409: 260: 236: 30:

For the modern neighborhood, part of the Palestinian Arab village of Silwan, see

3863:(in Hebrew). Vol. 10. Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House. pp. 166–167. 6111: 6006: 5914: 5769: 5676: 5551: 5407: 5240: 5232: 5024: 4878: 4843: 4779: 4520:"National Academy of Sciences criticizes politicization of Israeli archaeology" 4313: 4301: 4022: 3995: 3820: 3227: 2893:, including a number of scholarly discussions on the debate around the location 2752: 2729: 2704: 2331: 2312: 2261: 2226: 2169: 2079: 2040: 1929: 1678: 1373: 1368: 880: 828: 661: 629: 586: 548: 480: 444: 440: 432: 401: 374: 339: 318:, were discovered at the site. Scholars debate if these may be identified with 162: 5181: 5164:

City of David, Givati Car Park: Stabilization and post-excavation conservation

4166:

Jerusalem city wall dates back to King Solomon, Jerusalem Post, Fe. 23, 2010,

3250:"Was King David a nomad? New theory sparks storm among Israeli archaeologists" 2244: 1973:

asserted by archaeologist Eilat Mazar to be the remains of King David's palace

436: 6213: 6195: 6182: 6148: 6143: 6079: 6069: 6064: 6036: 5882: 5870: 5790: 5748: 5659: 5568: 5502: 5412: 5387: 5382: 5327: 5190: 5167: 5153: 5096: 5064: 5038: 5012: 4814: 4624: 4583: 4559: 4370: 4048: 3972: 3868: 3388: 3139: 3116: 3058: 3045: 3027: 2963: 2748: 2643: 2154: 2098:, "here ministers, nobles and notables of the kingdom of Judah were buried." 2087: 2027: 1717:(also known as Hezekiah's Tunnel), an Iron Age water supply system where the 1714: 1670: 1545: 1540: 1085: 981: 817: 641: 552: 323: 284: 4468: 4039: 1996:, argue that the structure could, for the most part, be from the much later 746: 494:, which was historically centered on the slopes of the southern part of the 408:. David's conquest of the city is described twice in the Bible: once in the 6016: 5924: 5919: 5899: 5877: 5851: 5727: 5628: 5621: 5602: 5427: 5342: 5322: 4505: 4446:

Unearthing Jerusalem: 150 Years of Archaeological Research in the Holy City

4288:"Ancient Jerusalem's Funerary Customs and Tombs: Part Two," L. Y. Rahmani, 4056: 3842: 3324: 2323:, and insist on Jewish heritage at the expense of its Palestinian context. 2210: 2179: 2165: 1875: 1862: 1686: 1404: 1397: 1383: 1057: 1000: 961: 805: 736: 582: 544: 535: 487: 476: 468: 366: 307: 292: 2197:

In 2019, during the excavations of the Givati Parking lot, a seal bearing

6138: 6128: 6031: 5986: 5966: 5909: 5844: 5811: 5783: 5642: 5607: 5580: 5575: 5563: 5558: 5539: 5525: 5497: 5457: 5422: 5144:

The Dig Dividing Jerusalem: Ahdaf Soueif writes on Silwan in the Guardian

4996: 4972: 4948: 4932: 4870: 4847: 4442:"Has the Adiabene Royal Family "Palace" Been Found in the City of David?" 4275:

Joffe, Alexander, "The Rise of Secondary States in the Iron Age Levant",

4229: 4225: 4071: 3778: 3754: 3371: 3269:"Archaeology and the Biblical Narrative: The Case of the United Monarchy" 3169: 3153: 2249: 2036: 2032: 2017: 1981: 1921: 1750: 1725: 1669:

The remains at the site include several water tunnels, one of which, the

1045: 696: 688: 684: 362: 4988: 4964: 4863: 4760: 4724: 4716: 4640: 4575: 4378: 4112:

Tel Aviv: Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University

3980: 3629: 3074: 5432: 5332: 5162:

Ivanovsky E., Van Zaiden A., Vaknin Y., Asamain, T., Sabag, S. (2007).

4809:. Jerusalem: Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. 4711:(2). Middle East Studies Association of North America (MESA): 203–213. 3577:"Archaeologists drop Bible, pick up science to solve Jerusalem puzzles" 2968:"The Palestine Exploration Fund and the Search for the "City of David"" 2675: 2044: 1917:

Pottery and bronze arrowheads dating form this period have been found.

1710:, a Canaanite (Bronze Age) water system that preceded the Siloam Tunnel 1012: 606: 394: 276: 3325:

L-4167597,00.html 'Silwan man who stoned Jewish vehicle gets 4 years,'

612: 6041: 5976: 5936: 5649: 5367: 5302: 5222: 4235: 3799:. Translated by Robert Schick. Ramallah: Dar Al Nasher. p. 280. 2300: 2161: 1997: 1867: 1729: 1103: 996: 845: 602: 405: 272: 144: 109: 2733: 2474: 2126: 786:

Stepped structure unearthed at the ancient City of David (Jerusalem)

704:, and which, when the Jewish exiles returned to Jerusalem after the 349:

The excavated parts of the archeological site are today part of the

223: 6001: 5948: 5892: 5776: 5713: 5671: 5447: 5279: 4356: 3268: 3222: 2927: 2135: 2115: 2006: 1815:

The Giv'ati Parking Lot excavations extend over an area of about 5

1674: 1550: 973: 868: 861: 713: 424: 327: 280: 3701:

Gadot, Yuval; Bocher, Efrat; Freud, Liora; Shalev, Yiftah (2023).

271:

considered by most scholars to be the original settlement core of

6106: 5996: 5943: 5829: 5734: 5664: 5492: 5467: 5437: 5377: 5185: 4564:

Eretz-Israel: Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies

4503:'Israel using tourism to legitimise settlements, says EU report,' 2217:

style, one showing a priest standing beside an altar to the gods

2183: 2067: 1866:

There were also several groups of small basins, sometimes called

1834:

to subdue those Jerusalemites who were opposed to Hellenisation.

1429: 1387: 1061: 857: 567: 507: 2201:

was discovered, belonging to "Natan-Melech the King’s Servant".

1677:

and still carries water, along with several pools including the

1011:'s city is mentioned. After significantly modifying Jerusalem's 844:, an uninhabited area which became the seat of government under 522: 6057: 5834: 5804: 5532: 5518: 5472: 2527: 2269: 2218: 2204: 2158: 2139: 2111: 2103: 2091: 2002: 1965: 1816: 824: 813: 491: 370: 140: 5087:(1980). "City of David (עיר דוד)". In Chaim Rubenstein (ed.). 3859:(1980). "City of David (עיר דוד)". In Chaim Rubenstein (ed.). 2634:

Rubenstein, Chaim (1980). "Chronological table of Jerusalem".

1909: 1745:

On the eastern slope of the ridge, towards the Qidron Valley:

972:, around 900 BCE. It reached from Jerusalem's central valley ( 656:

on the eastern slopes of the mountain above the Gihon Spring;

450:

The area's majority Palestinian Arab residents refer to it as

6096: 6021: 5904: 5452: 5357: 4183: 3760: 3559:"[Letter from Silwan] Common Ground, by Rachel Poser" 2824: 2352: 2315:

cited the area as one being developed for tourism to justify

1940: 1820: 1053: 1019:, when it was backfilled as part of construction activities. 1008: 841: 398: 319: 4570:(Amnon Ben-Tor volume). Israel Exploration Society: 95–104. 5863: 5001:

Excavating the City of David: Where Jerusalem History Began

4682:

Finding Jerusalem: Archaeology between Science and Ideology

4635:(1/2). Deutscher verein zur Erforschung Palästinas: 22–31. 4135: 4133: 3328: 2951:

Jerusalem in Bible and Archaeology: The First Temple Period

2492: 2245:

Hasmoneans, Herodians and Roman governors (167 BCE – 70 CE)

2222: 1944:"Ahiel's House" build on top of the Stepped Stone Structure 1826:

Here archaeologists claim to have found the remains of the

1080: 953: 709: 81: 5125: 4786:. In Alfredo González-Ruibal and Gabriel Moshenska (ed.). 4476: 3283: 2953:, Society of Biblical Literature, 2003, pp.183–208, p.183. 2134:

This is the period that corresponds to the biblical Kings

1874:, who notes that similar carved basins have been found at 952:

An at least 70-metre long, 30-metre wide and 9-metre deep

766:

Unexcavated ruins of a house in the City of David (Silwan)

4953:

Hadashot Arkheologiyot: Excavations and Surveys in Israel

4935:; Shukron, Eli (1999). "Light at the End of the Tunnel". 4419:

Hadashot Arkheologiyot: Excavations and Surveys in Israel

3615: 4703:(2017b). "Jerusalem: Archaeologists Versus Residents?". 4277:

Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient

4195: 4130: 3958: 3943: 3203: 2656: 2280:

site, where the remains of a palace attributed to Queen

2276:. Active Roman-era excavations are also underway at the 2121: 1060:(seal impressions) were unearthed, bearing the names of 467:

The archaeological site is on a rocky spur south of the

326:, which, according to a common hypothesis, was built by 322:

or date to a later period. The site is also home to the

3926: 3924: 3795:

Dalman, Gustaf (2020). Nadia Abdulhadi-Sukhtian (ed.).

3094:”, Palestine Exploration Fund Annual 4, p. 182-185 3011:"Archibald Campbell Dickie - National Portrait Gallery" 2355:

spring is now artificially maintained through pumping.

4241: 3797:

Work and Customs in Palestine, volume II (Agriculture)

3700: 2992: 2480: 2164:

bedrock and, in so doing, to divert the waters of the

2082:

of the Israelite period, forming what is known as the

683:

More recent excavations (2000–2008) were conducted by

454:, before it was renamed by Israeli authorities as the 330:

during the late 8th century BCE in preparation for an

4914:"'City of David': Urban Design and Frontier Heritage" 4784:"Ethics in Action: A Viewpoint from Israel/Palestine" 4207: 4019: 3893: 3092:

Excavations on the Hill of Ophel, Jerusalem 1923-1925

2326:

Israeli archaeology at the site has been criticized;

2020:

announced the discovery of what she believed to be a

1810: 416:; those two versions vary in certain details. In his 346:, which stretched from the pool to the Temple Mount. 4685:. University of California Press. pp. 119–131. 4647: 4439: 4412: 4171: 3921: 3191: 2933: 2039:

who, on the basis of their findings, have disproved

1893: 1765: 302:. Remains of a defensive network dating back to the 250: 4951:; Shukron, Eli (2003). "Jerusalem, City of David". 4807:

The City of David: Discoveries from the Excavations

4338:, by Hana Levi Julian, Arutz Sheva, March 08, 2008. 2903:

Excavations in the City of David Under Ottoman Rule

2872:

Excavations in the City of David Under Ottoman Rule

2586: 1953:In 2024, several researchers published a number of 1885: 988:, thus either protecting the northern walls of the 778:

unearthed in the City of David (Givati Parking Lot)

4971: 3061:(1952). "The Fortification of the City of David". 1960: 1904: 577:on whether this site on the hill southeast of the 558:The beginning of its settlement dates back to the 517: 5059: 4876: 3766: 1075: 1015:for centuries, the moat disappeared again in the 660:and J. G. Duncan - 1923–1925, who discovered the 6211: 5112:Ancient Silwan (Shiloah) {Siloam} in Israel and 4108:Has King David's Palace in Jerusalem Been Found? 3129: 2949:, in Andrew G. Vaughn, Ann E. Killebrew (eds.), 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2814:Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research Projects 2287: 2058: 1056:. Not far from that excavation area a number of 4085: 4069: 4027:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 3545:Excavators and Excavations Permit for Year 2014 3529:Excavators and Excavations Permit for Year 2014 3513:Excavators and Excavations Permit for Year 2012 3497:Excavators and Excavations Permit for Year 2013 3493:Excavators and Excavations Permit for Year 2012 3477:Excavators and Excavations Permit for Year 2010 1948: 1857: 1837: 804:It is on a narrow ridge running south from the 5220: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4250: 3456:"The Jerusalem Archaeological Park - homepage" 3438:"The Jerusalem Archaeological Park - homepage" 3420:"The Jerusalem Archaeological Park - homepage" 3402:"The Jerusalem Archaeological Park - homepage" 2681:"Main Points of Interest in the City of David" 2068:The related necropolis (9th–7th centuries BCE) 5206: 4804: 4292:, Vol. 44, No. 4 (Autumn, 1981), pp. 229–235. 3384: 3382: 3380: 3130:Shiloh, Yigal; Ariel, Donald T. (1984–2012). 2836: 1757:was discovered (for associated synagogue see 1647: 956:, separating the Southeastern Ridge from the 486:Today, the archeological site is part of the 393:" originates in the biblical narrative where 4947: 4931: 4739: 4444:. In Galor, Katharina; Avni, Gideon (eds.). 4440:Ben-Ami, Doron; Tchekhanovets, Yana (2011). 4413:Ben-Ami, Doron; Tchekhanovets, Yana (2010). 4189: 3819: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3289: 2830: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2565: 2468: 2205:Babylonian and Persian periods (586–322 BCE) 2130:Paleo-Hebrew seal found in the City of David 1913:Canaanite city wall facing the Kidron Valley 992:if it is indeed that old, or separating the 980:) in the west, to the western slopes of the 526:The Biblical City of David in the period of 4629:Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 4247: 3835:Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund 3132:Excavations at the City of David, 1978-1985 3109:Jerusalem: Excavating 3000 Years of History 2973:. University of North Carolina at Charlotte 2677:Jerusalem Walls-City of David National Park 2403: 2382:Jerusalem Walls-City of David National Park 1775:, a large drainage system running down the 5213: 5199: 5051:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4983:(2). Israel Exploration Society: 153–169. 4842: 4482:Macalister, R.A. and Duncan, J.G. (1926). 3377: 3319: 3317: 3069:(4). Israel Exploration Society: 230–236. 2728: 2633: 1654: 1640: 799: 298:The City of David is an important site of 55: 4778: 4470:Archaeology in the shadow of the conflict 4408: 4406: 4038: 3720: 3678: 3668: 3352: 2609: 2598: 2561: 2559: 757: 5083: 4336:Proof of Jeremiah Unearthed in Jerusalem 4312:Jerusalem: an archaeological biography, 4282: 4266:, Vol. 33, No. 2 (May, 1970), pp. 33–46, 3993: 3855: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3273:Archaeological and Biblical Perspectives 2248: 2125: 1964: 1939: 1908: 1079: 1022: 781: 769: 761: 745: 611: 521: 5150:City of David: Conservation Maintenance 4959:. Israel Antiquities Authority: 51–53. 4821: 4582: 4558: 3899: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3314: 3186:Jerusalem, City of David, Shalem Slopes 3033:La Cité de David. Campagne de 1913–1914 2260:Major archaeological finds include the 1681:known from the Old and New Testaments. 931: 14: 6212: 4908: 4788:Ethics and the Archaeology of Violence 4699: 4679:(2017). "The City of David / Silwan". 4623: 4448:. Penn State Press. pp. 231–240. 4403: 4213: 3794: 3103: 3057: 2556: 2521: 834: 5194: 5019: 4995: 4805:Hurvitz, Gila; Shiloh, Yigal (1999). 4675: 4201: 4177: 3729: 3556: 3479:, Survey Permits # A-5982 and A-5852. 3339: 3337: 3266: 3209: 3197: 2804: 2800: 2798: 2714: 2712: 2592: 2566:Szanton, Nahshon; Uziel, Joe (2016). 2122:Iron Age IIIb (8th century – 586 BCE) 6250:Ancient Jewish settlements of Judaea 6245:Former populated places in West Asia 4279:, Vol. 45, No. 4, 2002, pp. 425–467. 3687: 3499:, Survey Permits # A-6690 and # 6692 2622:Antiquities of the Jews, Chapter VII 2486: 2464: 2462: 2292:The Byzantine-period mansion called 1980:The 2005 discovery by archaeologist 1790: 1242:Israeli annexation of East Jerusalem 620:One of the stated objectives of the 6225:City of David (archaeological site) 2922:The Oxford Companion to Archaeology 1890:Pieces of pottery have been found. 700:II, and continuing unabated to the 490:neighborhood and former village of 423:1st century Jewish-Roman historian 264: 240: 24: 3334: 2962: 2795: 2709: 2380:, the park is also referred to as 2378:The Israeli National Parks website 1852: 1811:Givati area west of Central Valley 1027:In the uppermost (northern area): 774:Monumental stone structure of the 581:could be identified with what the 25: 6276: 6235:Archaeological sites in Jerusalem 5168:Israel Antiquities Authority Site 5154:Israel Antiquities Authority Site 5105: 3994:Rollston, Christopher A. (2010). 2685:Israel Nature and Parks Authority 2663:Israel Nature and Parks Authority 2459: 2190:, two officials mentioned in the 2090:in and under the Arab village of 1894:Middle Bronze Age (2000–1550 BCE) 1766:Central Valley street and channel 1068:, two officials mentioned in the 672:and G.M. Fitzgerald - 1927–1928; 551:, including the area marking the 355:Israel Nature and Parks Authority 224:https://www.cityofdavid.org.il/en 202:Israel Nature and Parks Authority 4530: 4512: 4495: 4462: 4433: 4415:"Jerusalem, Giv'ati Parking Lot" 4394: 4385: 4350: 4341: 4329: 4319: 4306: 3557:Poser, Rachel (September 2019). 2934:Finkelstein & Silberman 2007 2542:10.1179/033443511x13099584885501 2507:10.1179/033443511x13099584885268 2311:In 2018, a leaked report by the 2306: 2114:, steward and treasurer of King 1886:Early Bronze Age (3500–2350 BCE) 1795:Outside the walls to the south: 1740: 1110: 883:in 1867. Warren was sent by the 404:, then known as Jebus, from the 291:, to the immediate south of the 80: 73: 5138:Did I Find King David's Palace? 5029:. Vol. 1. London. p. 4600:10.1179/0334435514Z.00000000030 4295: 4269: 4219: 4160: 4151: 4142: 4121: 4063: 4013: 3987: 3952: 3933: 3905: 3875: 3849: 3813: 3788: 3772: 3748: 3644: 3609: 3587: 3569: 3550: 3534: 3518: 3502: 3482: 3466: 3448: 3430: 3412: 3394: 3295: 3260: 3242: 3215: 3179: 3163: 3147: 3123: 3097: 3081: 3039: 3021: 3003: 2985: 2956: 2939: 2915: 2896: 2891:Palestine Exploration Fund 1895 2884: 2865: 2775: 2740: 2722: 2698: 2650: 2627: 2615: 2432:Excavation at the City of David 2370: 2321:illegal under international law 1961:Iron Age IIa (1000–925/900 BCE) 1905:Late Bronze Age (1550–1200 BCE) 898:, dating to following periods: 680:- from 1978 to 1985, and more. 518:Excavations and scholarly views 5126:From Shiloah to Silwan project 4070:Rachel Ginsberg (2009-06-29). 3883:"Topical Bible: King's Garden" 3054:Jerusalem in the Old Testament 3052:, --- published in J. Simons, 2657:City of David Visitor Center. 2574:. Israel Antiquities Authority 2446: 2437: 2424: 2397: 1076:Gihon Spring and water systems 1007:, where a gap in the walls of 874: 13: 1: 4822:Kletter, Raz (30 July 2019). 4705:Review of Middle East Studies 3722:10.1080/03344355.2023.2246811 3111:. London: Thames and Hudson. 3056:, Leiden 1952. Mentioned by: 2358: 2288:Byzantine period (324–628 CE) 2272:and drained by an impressive 2059:Iron Age IIb (c. 925–720 BCE) 816:Valley to the south, and the 640:and A.C. Dickie - 1894–1897; 471:and outside the walls of the 353:. The site is managed by the 351:Jerusalem Walls National Park 171:Babylonian siege of Jerusalem 132:Bronze Age – Byzantine period 4427:Israel Antiquities Authority 4316:, Random House, 1995, p. 80. 3767:Wasserstein & Prawer n.d 3670:10.1371/journal.pone.0233307 3541:Israel Antiquities Authority 3525:Israel Antiquities Authority 3509:Israel Antiquities Authority 3489:Israel Antiquities Authority 3473:Israel Antiquities Authority 2391: 1949:Iron Age I (1200–980/70 BCE) 1858:Chalcolithic (4500–3500 BCE) 1838:Ophel area north of the city 1420:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 1044:City of David archaeologist 917:Israel Antiquities Authority 896:Israel Antiquities Authority 851:In 2014, excavations at the 693:Israel Antiquities Authority 506:after the wife of the local 7: 6220:Neighbourhoods of Jerusalem 5231:Jerusalem neighborhoods in 5140:Biblical Archaeology Review 5122:link, 2008 archived version 4937:Biblical Archaeology Review 2993:"Archibald Campbell Dickie" 2783:'Shady Dealings in Silwan,' 2142:and the destruction of the 1802:(excavated in 1894–1897 by 1779:, covered by the following: 790: 644:- 1913–1914 and 1923–1924; 534:. The southern wall of the 532:Holyland Model of Jerusalem 462: 267:), is the name given to an 255:), known locally mostly as 251: 167:Assyrian siege of Jerusalem 10: 6281: 5005:Israel Exploration Society 4977:Israel Exploration Journal 4753:Israel Exploration Society 4745:Israel Exploration Journal 4617:Israel Exploration Journal 4551: 4490:Palestine Exploration Fund 4359:Israel Exploration Journal 4290:The Biblical Archaeologist 4264:The Biblical Archaeologist 3961:Israel Exploration Journal 3495:, Survey Permit # A-6546; 3063:Israel Exploration Journal 2454:Ancient Jerusalem Revealed 2342: 2071: 2022:10th-century BCE city wall 1777:Central (Tyropoeon) Valley 1048:believes that a so-called 944:city, and adjacent to it. 941:Central (Tyropoeon) Valley 885:Palestine Exploration Fund 750:The City of David and the 695:, and where they detailed 676:- in the years 1961–1967; 622:Palestine Exploration Fund 29: 6157: 6050: 5959: 5822: 5685: 5511: 5315: 5256: 5229: 3090:and J.G. Duncan (1926), “ 2761:. SBL Press. p. 17. 2659:"The Ir David Foundation" 2469:Geva & De Groot (2017 2443:Broshi (1974), pp. 21–26. 2284:were discovered in 2007. 1920:In 2010, a fragment of a 1872:Edwin C. M. van den Brink 1784:monumental stepped street 1749:City walls and towers, a 994:Iron Age II, so Israelite 922: 721: 384: 219: 211: 197: 189: 181: 176: 158: 136: 128: 123: 115: 105: 97: 68: 54: 46: 44: 4828:. Taylor & Francis. 4190:Reich & Shukron 1999 3547:, Survey Permit # A-7017 3531:, Survey Permit # A-7016 3515:, Survey Permit # A-6662 3290:Geva & De Groot 2017 2831:Geva & De Groot 2017 2363: 2199:Paleo-Hebrew inscription 2184:Yehucal son of Shelemiah 1493:Greek Orthodox Patriarch 1062:Yehucal son of Shelemiah 18:City of David (historic) 5172:Conservation Department 5158:Conservation Department 4921:The Jerusalem Quarterly 4040:10.1073/pnas.2321024121 2188:Gedaliah son of Pashhur 1773:Jerusalem Water Channel 1066:Gedaliah son of Pashhur 1039:Stepped Stone Structure 1017:Late Hellenistic period 986:Stepped Stone Structure 947: 800:Location and topography 599:Montagu Brownlow Parker 419:Antiquities of the Jews 316:Stepped Stone Structure 62:Stepped Stone Structure 6265:Ancient Jewish history 6230:Hebrew Bible mountains 6163:Courtyard neighborhood 4661:. Simon and Schuster. 3267:Mazar, Amihai (2010). 2788:July 14, 2010, at the 2572:Hadashot Arkheologiyot 2278:Givati Parking Lot dig 2257: 2131: 1974: 1945: 1914: 1880:Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut 1830:, a fortress built by 1519:Religious significance 1088: 787: 779: 767: 758:Archaeological outline 754: 668:of the City of David; 617: 593:. The 1909–11 work of 539: 510:who was killed in the 377:, intertwined with an 365:, an extension of the 306:were found around the 89:Shown within Jerusalem 32:City of David (Silwan) 6196:31.77361°N 35.23556°E 6134:Sha'arei Yerushalayim 5757:Kiryat Menachem Begin 5403:Kiryat Shomrei Emunim 2805:Asmar, Ahmad (2020). 2456:. Jerusalem, 327–339. 2408:. Jerusalem Quarterly 2264:, and the monumental 2254:Theodotus Inscription 2252: 2237:has read as the name 2225:. A polished, black, 2129: 1986:Large Stone Structure 1971:Large Stone Structure 1968: 1943: 1912: 1755:Theodotus Inscription 1083: 1050:Large Stone Structure 1033:Large Stone Structure 1023:Upper (northern) area 785: 773: 765: 749: 615: 525: 512:1948 Arab-Israeli War 502:, but was renamed to 473:Old City of Jerusalem 312:Large Stone Structure 149:Second Temple Judaism 98:Alternative name 6117:Mishkenot Sha'ananim 5061:Wasserstein, Bernard 4877:Mizrachi, Yonathan; 4782:(10 November 2014). 2404:Jeffery Yas (2000). 2294:the "Eusebius" house 2227:scaraboid stone seal 1934:Christopher Rollston 1734:Second Temple Period 1673:, was built by King 1155:Second Temple Period 932:Archaeological sites 867:During the reign of 812:to its west, by the 741:historical geography 706:Babylonian captivity 595:Louis-Hugues Vincent 575:biblical archaeology 357:and operated by the 101:Ir David (in Hebrew) 6255:Hebrew Bible cities 6192: / 5493:Talbiya (Komemiyut) 4717:10.1017/rms.2017.90 4033:(19): e2321024121. 3630:10.1017/RDC.2017.37 3212:, pp. 156–157. 2862:(1980), pp. 164–172 2328:Tel Aviv University 2317:Israeli settlements 2194:, have been found. 1994:Tel Aviv University 1832:Antiochus Epiphanes 1467:Demographic history 960:and the top of the 835:Bronze and Iron Age 605:dating back to the 560:Chalcolithic period 414:Books of Chronicles 361:. It is located in 359:Ir David Foundation 300:biblical archeology 269:archaeological site 206:Ir David Foundation 41: 6260:Biblical geography 6201:31.77361; 35.23556 6167:Ring Neighborhoods 6027:Ramat Beit HaKerem 5982:Givat Beit HaKerem 5655:Sanhedria Murhevet 5586:Kiryat Mattersdorf 5131:2013-11-22 at the 4879:Greenberg, Raphael 4542:2010-05-14 at the 4302:2 Chronicles 32:30 4204:, p. 152-158. 4092:Israel Finkelstein 3307:2014-08-01 at the 2908:2011-07-21 at the 2877:2011-07-21 at the 2807:"Silwan: Abstract" 2303:(7th century CE). 2282:Helena of Adiabene 2258: 2235:Peter van der Veen 2182:with the names of 2132: 2011:Weizmann Institute 1990:Israel Finkelstein 1975: 1946: 1926:Akkadian cuneiform 1915: 1719:Siloam inscription 1445:Al-Quds University 1089: 853:Givati parking lot 788: 780: 776:Proto-Aeolic style 768: 755: 702:Early Roman period 618: 573:The debate within 540: 441:2 Chronicles 32:30 402:conquers Jerusalem 379:Israeli settlement 336:early Roman period 212:Public access 39: 6175: 6174: 5393:Kiryat HaMemshala 5373:Jerusalem Gateway 5353:Downtown Triangle 5274:Christian Quarter 5221:Neighborhoods of 5114:The City of David 4894:978-965-91758-0-2 4835:978-0-429-63197-9 4797:978-1-4939-1643-6 4692:978-0-520-96807-3 4668:978-0-7432-4362-9 4455:978-1-57506-659-2 4242:Gadot et al. 2023 4192:, pp. 26–33. 4100:Lily Singer-Avitz 3806:978-9950-385-84-9 3785:(1999), pp. 26–33 3563:Harper's Magazine 3349:UN 2010 p.98 (j). 3235:); ibid. (6.6.3. 3088:R.A.S. Macalister 3036:, Geuthner: Paris 2833:, pp. 32–49. 2768:978-0-88414-504-2 2730:Greenberg, Rafael 2481:Gadot et al. 2023 2148:Nebuchadnezzar II 2084:Silwan necropolis 2074:Silwan necropolis 1955:radiocarbon tests 1899:Middle Bronze Age 1844:Ophel: Jerusalem 1791:South of the city 1664: 1663: 1601:Greater Jerusalem 1425:Hebrew University 1268:Before Common Era 1252: 1251: 970:Late Iron Age IIA 691:on behalf of the 658:R.A.S. Macalister 431:Hebrew Bible, in 304:Middle Bronze Age 249: 229: 228: 16:(Redirected from 6272: 6207: 6206: 6204: 6203: 6202: 6197: 6193: 6190: 6189: 6188: 6185: 6124: 6123:Mughrabi Quarter 6087: 6060: 5951: 5939: 5932: 5895: 5873: 5866: 5854: 5847: 5814: 5807: 5800: 5793: 5786: 5779: 5772: 5765: 5758: 5751: 5744: 5737: 5730: 5723: 5716: 5709: 5702: 5695: 5667: 5645: 5638: 5631: 5624: 5617: 5610: 5598: 5571: 5554: 5547: 5535: 5534:Dahiyat al–Barid 5528: 5521: 5478:Russian Compound 5305: 5298: 5291: 5282: 5275: 5268: 5267:Armenian Quarter 5246: 5238: 5235:are depicted in 5215: 5208: 5201: 5192: 5191: 5148:Amit Rosenblum. 5100: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5056: 5050: 5042: 5016: 4992: 4968: 4944: 4928: 4918: 4912:(January 2009). 4905: 4903: 4901: 4867: 4839: 4818: 4801: 4764: 4736: 4696: 4677:Galor, Katharina 4672: 4644: 4620:, pp. 21–26 4611: 4579: 4546: 4534: 4528: 4527: 4516: 4510: 4499: 4493: 4480: 4474: 4466: 4460: 4459: 4437: 4431: 4430: 4410: 4401: 4398: 4392: 4389: 4383: 4382: 4354: 4348: 4345: 4339: 4333: 4327: 4323: 4317: 4310: 4304: 4299: 4293: 4286: 4280: 4273: 4267: 4260: 4245: 4239: 4233: 4223: 4217: 4211: 4205: 4199: 4193: 4187: 4181: 4175: 4169: 4164: 4158: 4155: 4149: 4146: 4140: 4137: 4128: 4125: 4119: 4089: 4083: 4082: 4080: 4079: 4067: 4061: 4060: 4042: 4017: 4011: 4010: 4000: 3991: 3985: 3984: 3956: 3950: 3947: 3941: 3937: 3931: 3928: 3919: 3909: 3903: 3897: 3891: 3890: 3879: 3873: 3872: 3853: 3847: 3846: 3817: 3811: 3810: 3792: 3786: 3776: 3770: 3764: 3758: 3752: 3746: 3740: 3727: 3726: 3724: 3698: 3685: 3684: 3682: 3672: 3648: 3642: 3641: 3624:(4): 1171–1193. 3613: 3607: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3591: 3585: 3584: 3573: 3567: 3566: 3554: 3548: 3538: 3532: 3522: 3516: 3506: 3500: 3486: 3480: 3470: 3464: 3463: 3458:. Archived from 3452: 3446: 3445: 3440:. Archived from 3434: 3428: 3427: 3422:. Archived from 3416: 3410: 3409: 3404:. Archived from 3398: 3392: 3391:(2014), pp. 3–19 3386: 3375: 3369: 3350: 3343:United Nations, 3341: 3332: 3323:Aviad Glickman, 3321: 3312: 3299: 3293: 3287: 3281: 3280: 3264: 3258: 3257: 3246: 3240: 3219: 3213: 3207: 3201: 3195: 3189: 3183: 3177: 3167: 3161: 3151: 3145: 3143: 3127: 3121: 3120: 3101: 3095: 3085: 3079: 3078: 3050:La Cité de David 3043: 3037: 3025: 3019: 3018: 3007: 3001: 3000: 2997:www.wikidata.org 2989: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2972: 2960: 2954: 2943: 2937: 2931: 2925: 2919: 2913: 2900: 2894: 2888: 2882: 2869: 2863: 2857: 2834: 2828: 2822: 2821: 2811: 2802: 2793: 2781:Meron Rapoport, 2779: 2773: 2772: 2749:Andrea M. Berlin 2744: 2738: 2737: 2726: 2720: 2716: 2707: 2702: 2696: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2654: 2648: 2647: 2631: 2625: 2619: 2613: 2607: 2596: 2590: 2584: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2563: 2554: 2553: 2525: 2519: 2518: 2490: 2484: 2478: 2472: 2466: 2457: 2450: 2444: 2441: 2435: 2428: 2422: 2421: 2415: 2413: 2401: 2385: 2374: 2192:Book of Jeremiah 2157:deep within the 2144:Kingdom of Judah 1697:The Spring Tower 1656: 1649: 1642: 1511:Political status 1393:Dome of the Rock 1165:Aelia Capitolina 1141: 1140: 1114: 1091: 1090: 1070:Book of Jeremiah 978:Tyropoeon Valley 810:Tyropoeon Valley 723: 564:Early Bronze Age 445:Nehemiah 3:15–16 412:and once in the 369:neighborhood of 289:Tyropoeon Valley 287:and east of the 266: 254: 244: 242: 84: 83: 77: 59: 48: 42: 38: 21: 6280: 6279: 6275: 6274: 6273: 6271: 6270: 6269: 6210: 6209: 6200: 6198: 6194: 6191: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6179: 6178: 6176: 6171: 6153: 6122: 6092:Knesset Yisrael 6085: 6058: 6046: 6012:Kiryat Menachem 5992:Givat Mordechai 5955: 5949: 5937: 5930: 5893: 5871: 5864: 5852: 5845: 5818: 5812: 5805: 5799:Shimon HaTzadik 5798: 5791: 5784: 5777: 5770: 5764:Ma'ale HaZeitim 5763: 5756: 5749: 5742: 5735: 5728: 5721: 5714: 5707: 5701:American Colony 5700: 5694:Arab al–Jahalin 5693: 5681: 5665: 5643: 5636: 5629: 5622: 5615: 5608: 5596: 5569: 5552: 5545: 5533: 5526: 5519: 5507: 5311: 5303: 5296: 5289: 5280: 5273: 5266: 5252: 5244: 5236: 5225: 5219: 5133:Wayback Machine 5108: 5103: 5085:Yitzhaki, Arieh 5074: 5072: 5044: 5043: 4916: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4887:. Emek Shaveh. 4836: 4798: 4780:Greenberg, Rafi 4693: 4669: 4653:Silberman, N.A. 4649:Finkelstein, I. 4554: 4549: 4544:Wayback Machine 4535: 4531: 4518: 4517: 4513: 4501:Oliver Holmes, 4500: 4496: 4481: 4477: 4467: 4463: 4456: 4438: 4434: 4411: 4404: 4399: 4395: 4390: 4386: 4355: 4351: 4346: 4342: 4334: 4330: 4324: 4320: 4311: 4307: 4300: 4296: 4287: 4283: 4274: 4270: 4261: 4248: 4240: 4236: 4224: 4220: 4212: 4208: 4200: 4196: 4188: 4184: 4176: 4172: 4165: 4161: 4156: 4152: 4147: 4143: 4138: 4131: 4126: 4122: 4104:David Ussishkin 4090: 4086: 4077: 4075: 4068: 4064: 4018: 4014: 4003:Antiguo Oriente 3998: 3992: 3988: 3957: 3953: 3948: 3944: 3938: 3934: 3929: 3922: 3910: 3906: 3898: 3894: 3881: 3880: 3876: 3857:Yitzhaki, Arieh 3854: 3850: 3837:. p. 294. 3818: 3814: 3807: 3793: 3789: 3777: 3773: 3765: 3761: 3753: 3749: 3741: 3730: 3699: 3688: 3663:(6): e0233307. 3649: 3645: 3614: 3610: 3600: 3598: 3593: 3592: 3588: 3575: 3574: 3570: 3555: 3551: 3539: 3535: 3523: 3519: 3507: 3503: 3487: 3483: 3471: 3467: 3454: 3453: 3449: 3436: 3435: 3431: 3418: 3417: 3413: 3400: 3399: 3395: 3387: 3378: 3370: 3353: 3342: 3335: 3322: 3315: 3309:Wayback Machine 3300: 3296: 3288: 3284: 3265: 3261: 3248: 3247: 3243: 3220: 3216: 3208: 3204: 3196: 3192: 3184: 3180: 3168: 3164: 3152: 3148: 3128: 3124: 3102: 3098: 3086: 3082: 3044: 3040: 3026: 3022: 3009: 3008: 3004: 2991: 2990: 2986: 2976: 2974: 2970: 2961: 2957: 2944: 2940: 2932: 2928: 2920: 2916: 2910:Wayback Machine 2901: 2897: 2889: 2885: 2879:Wayback Machine 2870: 2866: 2858: 2837: 2829: 2825: 2809: 2803: 2796: 2790:Wayback Machine 2780: 2776: 2769: 2745: 2741: 2727: 2723: 2717: 2710: 2703: 2699: 2689: 2687: 2667: 2665: 2655: 2651: 2632: 2628: 2620: 2616: 2608: 2599: 2591: 2587: 2577: 2575: 2564: 2557: 2526: 2522: 2491: 2487: 2479: 2475: 2467: 2460: 2451: 2447: 2442: 2438: 2429: 2425: 2411: 2409: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2389: 2388: 2375: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2345: 2309: 2290: 2247: 2207: 2124: 2096:David Ussishkin 2076: 2070: 2061: 2043:'s theory that 1963: 1951: 1907: 1896: 1888: 1860: 1855: 1853:Finds by period 1840: 1813: 1793: 1768: 1743: 1660: 1631: 1630: 1626:Historical maps 1581: 1580: 1571: 1570: 1514: 1513: 1502: 1501: 1474: 1473: 1463: 1450: 1449: 1440:Tomb of Lazarus 1364: 1363: 1352: 1351: 1298: 1264: 1263: 1254: 1253: 1225:British Mandate 1138: 1137: 1127: 1078: 1025: 990:Bronze Age city 966:Kathleen Kenyon 950: 934: 925: 905:British Mandate 877: 837: 802: 793: 760: 752:Mount of Olives 733:united monarchy 708:in the days of 538:appears at top. 520: 496:Mount of Olives 465: 410:Books of Samuel 387: 93: 92: 91: 90: 87: 86: 85: 64: 50: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6278: 6268: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6169: 6158: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6119: 6114: 6112:Mazkeret Moshe 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6086:Kirya Ne'emana 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6054: 6052: 6048: 6047: 6045: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6007:Kiryat HaYovel 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5963: 5961: 5957: 5956: 5954: 5953: 5946: 5941: 5934: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5868: 5861: 5856: 5849: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5826: 5824: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5816: 5809: 5802: 5795: 5788: 5781: 5774: 5771:Nahalat Shimon 5767: 5760: 5753: 5746: 5739: 5732: 5725: 5718: 5711: 5704: 5697: 5689: 5687: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5640: 5633: 5626: 5619: 5612: 5605: 5600: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5553:Givat HaMivtar 5549: 5542: 5537: 5530: 5523: 5515: 5513: 5509: 5508: 5506: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5483:Sha'arei Hesed 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5443:Nahalat Shiv'a 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5408:Kiryat Wolfson 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5363:Givat HaVradim 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5319: 5317: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5309: 5308: 5307: 5297:Muslim Quarter 5293: 5290:Jewish Quarter 5286: 5285: 5284: 5270: 5262: 5260: 5254: 5253: 5241:West Jerusalem 5233:East Jerusalem 5230: 5227: 5226: 5218: 5217: 5210: 5203: 5195: 5189: 5188: 5179: 5174: 5160: 5146: 5141: 5135: 5123: 5117: 5107: 5106:External links 5104: 5102: 5101: 5081: 5065:Prawer, Joshua 5057: 5017: 4993: 4969: 4945: 4929: 4906: 4893: 4874: 4868: 4840: 4834: 4819: 4802: 4796: 4776: 4765: 4737: 4697: 4691: 4673: 4667: 4645: 4621: 4612: 4584:Ben-Ami, Doron 4580: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4547: 4529: 4511: 4494: 4475: 4461: 4454: 4432: 4402: 4393: 4384: 4365:(2): 154–174. 4349: 4340: 4328: 4318: 4314:Hershel Shanks 4305: 4294: 4281: 4268: 4246: 4244:, p. 166. 4234: 4218: 4216:, p. 206. 4206: 4194: 4182: 4180:, p. 124. 4170: 4159: 4150: 4141: 4129: 4120: 4084: 4062: 4012: 3986: 3951: 3942: 3932: 3920: 3916:Jerusalem Post 3904: 3892: 3874: 3848: 3812: 3805: 3787: 3771: 3759: 3747: 3728: 3715:(2): 147–170. 3686: 3643: 3608: 3597:. 30 July 2020 3586: 3568: 3549: 3533: 3517: 3501: 3481: 3465: 3462:on 2011-07-21. 3447: 3444:on 2011-07-21. 3429: 3426:on 2011-07-21. 3411: 3408:on 2011-07-21. 3393: 3376: 3351: 3333: 3313: 3294: 3282: 3259: 3241: 3228:The Jewish War 3214: 3202: 3200:, p. 156. 3190: 3178: 3162: 3146: 3122: 3096: 3080: 3038: 3020: 3015:www.npg.org.uk 3002: 2984: 2964:Gibson, Shimon 2955: 2938: 2936:, p. 129. 2926: 2914: 2895: 2883: 2864: 2835: 2823: 2794: 2774: 2767: 2753:Paul J. Kosmin 2739: 2721: 2708: 2697: 2649: 2626: 2614: 2610:Greenberg 2014 2597: 2585: 2555: 2536:(2): 158–166. 2520: 2501:(2): 147–157. 2485: 2483:, p. 165. 2473: 2458: 2445: 2436: 2423: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2386: 2368: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2348:that the once 2344: 2341: 2332:Rafi Greenberg 2313:European Union 2308: 2305: 2289: 2286: 2262:Pool of Siloam 2246: 2243: 2215:Neo-Babylonian 2206: 2203: 2170:Pool of Siloam 2123: 2120: 2080:rock-cut tombs 2078:The elaborate 2072:Main article: 2069: 2066: 2060: 2057: 2049:Warren's Shaft 1962: 1959: 1950: 1947: 1930:Wayne Horowitz 1906: 1903: 1895: 1892: 1887: 1884: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1839: 1836: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1807: 1792: 1789: 1788: 1787: 1780: 1767: 1764: 1763: 1762: 1742: 1739: 1738: 1737: 1722: 1711: 1708:Siloam Channel 1704: 1701:Warren's Shaft 1698: 1691: 1690: 1679:Pool of Siloam 1662: 1661: 1659: 1658: 1651: 1644: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1629: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1588: 1582: 1578: 1577: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1566:US recognition 1563: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1537: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1515: 1509: 1508: 1507: 1504: 1503: 1500: 1498:Crusader kings 1495: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1470: 1469: 1457: 1456: 1455: 1452: 1451: 1448: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1401: 1400: 1398:Al-Aqsa Mosque 1395: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1365: 1359: 1358: 1357: 1354: 1353: 1350: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1303: 1302: 1297: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1270: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1260: 1259: 1256: 1255: 1250: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1234:Modern period 1231: 1230: 1227: 1221: 1220: 1217: 1211: 1210: 1207: 1201: 1200: 1197: 1191: 1190: 1187: 1181: 1180: 1177: 1171: 1170: 1167: 1161: 1160: 1157: 1151: 1150: 1147: 1139: 1136: 1135: 1134: 1133: 1121: 1120: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1107: 1106: 1100: 1099: 1077: 1074: 1042: 1041: 1035: 1024: 1021: 949: 946: 933: 930: 924: 921: 913: 912: 909: 906: 903: 889:Warren's shaft 881:Charles Warren 876: 873: 836: 833: 829:East Jerusalem 801: 798: 792: 789: 759: 756: 662:Ophel ostracon 654:Warren's Shaft 587:Charles Warren 549:Pool of Siloam 528:Herod's Temple 519: 516: 504:Wadi al-Hilweh 481:Pool of Siloam 464: 461: 386: 383: 375:East Jerusalem 344:Stepped Street 340:Pool of Siloam 332:Assyrian siege 227: 226: 221: 217: 216: 213: 209: 208: 199: 195: 194: 191: 187: 186: 183: 182:Archaeologists 179: 178: 174: 173: 163:Siege of Jebus 160: 156: 155: 138: 134: 133: 130: 126: 125: 121: 120: 117: 113: 112: 107: 103: 102: 99: 95: 94: 88: 79: 78: 72: 71: 70: 69: 66: 65: 60: 52: 51: 45: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6277: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6217: 6215: 6208: 6205: 6168: 6164: 6160: 6159: 6156: 6150: 6149:Zikhron Yosef 6147: 6145: 6144:Zikhron Tuvya 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6102:Mahane Yehuda 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6083: 6081: 6080:Ezrat Yisrael 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6070:Batei Saidoff 6068: 6066: 6065:Batei Munkacs 6063: 6061: 6056: 6055: 6053: 6049: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6037:Ramat Sharett 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5964: 5962: 5958: 5952: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5935: 5933: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5883:Givat Massuah 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5872:Givat HaMatos 5869: 5867: 5862: 5860: 5859:German Colony 5857: 5855: 5850: 5848: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5827: 5825: 5821: 5815: 5810: 5808: 5803: 5801: 5796: 5794: 5792:Sheikh Jarrah 5789: 5787: 5782: 5780: 5775: 5773: 5768: 5766: 5761: 5759: 5754: 5752: 5750:Jabel Mukaber 5747: 5745: 5740: 5738: 5733: 5731: 5726: 5724: 5719: 5717: 5712: 5710: 5705: 5703: 5698: 5696: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5684: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5663: 5661: 5660:Shikun Chabad 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5641: 5639: 5634: 5632: 5627: 5625: 5620: 5618: 5613: 5611: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5597:Ma'alot Dafna 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5550: 5548: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5531: 5529: 5524: 5522: 5517: 5516: 5514: 5510: 5504: 5503:Zikhron Moshe 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5488:Shmuel HaNavi 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5463:Neve Sha'anan 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5418:Mahane Yehuda 5416: 5414: 5413:Mahane Israel 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5398:Kiryat Shmuel 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5388:Kiryat HaLeom 5386: 5384: 5383:Kerem Avraham 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5328:Batei Ungarin 5326: 5324: 5321: 5320: 5318: 5314: 5306: 5301: 5300: 5299: 5294: 5292: 5287: 5283: 5278: 5277: 5276: 5271: 5269: 5264: 5263: 5261: 5259: 5255: 5250: 5242: 5234: 5228: 5224: 5216: 5211: 5209: 5204: 5202: 5197: 5196: 5193: 5187: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5130: 5127: 5124: 5121: 5120:City of David 5118: 5116: 5115: 5110: 5109: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5048: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5027: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5006: 5003:. Jerusalem: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4915: 4911: 4910:Pullan, Wendy 4907: 4896: 4890: 4886: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4872: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4831: 4827: 4826: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4803: 4799: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4775: 4774:9781003434245 4771: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4688: 4684: 4683: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4664: 4660: 4659: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4631:(in German). 4630: 4626: 4622: 4619: 4618: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4566:(in Hebrew). 4565: 4561: 4557: 4556: 4545: 4541: 4538: 4533: 4525: 4521: 4515: 4507: 4504: 4498: 4491: 4487: 4486: 4479: 4472: 4471: 4465: 4457: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4436: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4409: 4407: 4397: 4388: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4353: 4344: 4337: 4332: 4322: 4315: 4309: 4303: 4298: 4291: 4285: 4278: 4272: 4265: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4243: 4238: 4231: 4227: 4222: 4215: 4210: 4203: 4198: 4191: 4186: 4179: 4174: 4168: 4163: 4154: 4145: 4136: 4134: 4124: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4088: 4073: 4066: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4016: 4008: 4004: 3997: 3990: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3955: 3946: 3936: 3927: 3925: 3917: 3913: 3908: 3902:, p. 95. 3901: 3896: 3888: 3884: 3878: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3852: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3831: 3826: 3822: 3816: 3808: 3802: 3798: 3791: 3784: 3780: 3775: 3768: 3763: 3756: 3751: 3744: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3723: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3709: 3704: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3647: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3612: 3596: 3590: 3582: 3578: 3572: 3564: 3560: 3553: 3546: 3542: 3537: 3530: 3526: 3521: 3514: 3510: 3505: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3485: 3478: 3474: 3469: 3461: 3457: 3451: 3443: 3439: 3433: 3425: 3421: 3415: 3407: 3403: 3397: 3390: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3374:(2009), p. 21 3373: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3348: 3347: 3340: 3338: 3330: 3326: 3320: 3318: 3310: 3306: 3303: 3298: 3292:, p. 34. 3291: 3286: 3279: 3274: 3270: 3263: 3255: 3251: 3245: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3229: 3224: 3218: 3211: 3206: 3199: 3194: 3187: 3182: 3175: 3171: 3166: 3159: 3155: 3150: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3126: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3100: 3093: 3089: 3084: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3042: 3035: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3016: 3012: 3006: 2998: 2994: 2988: 2969: 2965: 2959: 2952: 2948: 2945:Hillel Geva, 2942: 2935: 2930: 2923: 2918: 2911: 2907: 2904: 2899: 2892: 2887: 2880: 2876: 2873: 2868: 2861: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2832: 2827: 2819: 2815: 2808: 2801: 2799: 2791: 2787: 2784: 2778: 2770: 2764: 2760: 2759: 2754: 2750: 2743: 2735: 2731: 2725: 2715: 2713: 2706: 2701: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2664: 2660: 2653: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2630: 2623: 2618: 2611: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2595:, p. 61. 2594: 2589: 2573: 2569: 2562: 2560: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2524: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2489: 2482: 2477: 2470: 2465: 2463: 2455: 2449: 2440: 2433: 2427: 2420: 2407: 2400: 2396: 2383: 2379: 2376:According to 2373: 2369: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2340: 2336: 2333: 2329: 2324: 2322: 2319:, considered 2318: 2314: 2307:Controversies 2304: 2302: 2297: 2295: 2285: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2255: 2251: 2242: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2202: 2200: 2195: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2160: 2156: 2151: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2128: 2119: 2117: 2113: 2108: 2105: 2099: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2088:Kidron Valley 2085: 2081: 2075: 2065: 2056: 2052: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2029: 2028:Doron Ben-Ami 2025: 2023: 2019: 2014: 2012: 2008: 2004: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1978: 1972: 1967: 1958: 1956: 1942: 1938: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1918: 1911: 1902: 1900: 1891: 1883: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1864: 1850: 1848: 1847: 1835: 1833: 1829: 1824: 1822: 1818: 1805: 1801: 1800:King's Garden 1798: 1797: 1796: 1785: 1781: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1769: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1747: 1746: 1741:Eastern slope 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1720: 1716: 1715:Siloam Tunnel 1712: 1709: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1695: 1694: 1688: 1684: 1683: 1682: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1671:Siloam Tunnel 1667: 1657: 1652: 1650: 1645: 1643: 1638: 1637: 1635: 1634: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1583: 1575: 1574: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1546:Jerusalem Day 1544: 1542: 1541:Jerusalem Law 1539: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1521: 1520: 1517: 1516: 1512: 1506: 1505: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1468: 1465: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1458: 1454: 1453: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1389: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1366: 1362: 1356: 1355: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1300: 1299: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1267: 1266: 1258: 1257: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1233: 1232: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1222: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1212: 1208: 1206: 1205:Late Medieval 1203: 1202: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1192: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1182: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1172: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1162: 1159:538 BCE–70 CE 1158: 1156: 1153: 1152: 1148: 1146: 1145:City of David 1143: 1142: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1122: 1118: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1087: 1086:Siloam tunnel 1082: 1073: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1040: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1029: 1028: 1020: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1005:1 Kings 11:27 1002: 998: 995: 991: 987: 984:north of the 983: 982:Qidron Valley 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 945: 942: 937: 929: 920: 918: 911:early Israeli 910: 907: 904: 901: 900: 899: 897: 892: 890: 886: 882: 872: 870: 865: 863: 859: 854: 849: 847: 843: 832: 830: 826: 821: 820:on the east. 819: 818:Kidron Valley 815: 811: 807: 797: 784: 777: 772: 764: 753: 748: 744: 742: 738: 734: 730: 727:According to 725: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 698: 694: 690: 686: 681: 679: 675: 671: 670:J.W. Crowfoot 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 632:- 1867–1870; 631: 625: 623: 614: 610: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 591:Hermann Guthe 588: 584: 580: 576: 571: 569: 565: 561: 556: 554: 550: 546: 537: 533: 529: 524: 515: 513: 509: 505: 501: 500:Wadi al-Nabah 497: 493: 489: 484: 482: 478: 474: 470: 460: 457: 456:City of David 453: 448: 446: 442: 438: 434: 433:1 Kings 11:27 428: 426: 422: 420: 415: 411: 407: 403: 400: 396: 392: 391:City of David 382: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 347: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 324:Siloam Tunnel 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 296: 294: 290: 286: 285:Kidron Valley 282: 278: 274: 270: 262: 258: 253: 247: 238: 234: 233:City of David 225: 222: 218: 214: 210: 207: 203: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 175: 172: 168: 164: 161: 157: 154: 150: 146: 142: 139: 135: 131: 127: 122: 118: 114: 111: 108: 104: 100: 96: 76: 67: 63: 58: 53: 43: 40:City of David 37: 33: 19: 6177: 6075:Even Yisrael 6017:Kiryat Moshe 5972:Beit HaKerem 5920:Ramat Rachel 5888:Greek colony 5878:Givat Oranim 5853:East Talpiot 5729:Bab a-Zahara 5630:Ramat Shlomo 5623:Ramat Eshkol 5616:Pisgat Ze'ev 5603:Mount Scopus 5428:Mekor Baruch 5343:Beit Yisrael 5338:Beit Ya'akov 5323:Arzei HaBira 5113: 5088: 5073:. Retrieved 5071:. Britannica 5025: 5000: 4980: 4976: 4973:Reich, Ronny 4956: 4952: 4949:Reich, Ronny 4940: 4936: 4933:Reich, Ronny 4924: 4920: 4898:. Retrieved 4883: 4871:Mazar, Eilat 4855: 4851: 4824: 4806: 4790:. Springer. 4787: 4748: 4744: 4741:Geva, Hillel 4708: 4704: 4681: 4657: 4632: 4628: 4615: 4591: 4587: 4567: 4563: 4532: 4523: 4514: 4506:The Guardian 4497: 4483: 4478: 4469: 4464: 4445: 4435: 4422: 4418: 4396: 4387: 4362: 4358: 4352: 4343: 4331: 4321: 4308: 4297: 4289: 4284: 4276: 4271: 4263: 4237: 4221: 4209: 4197: 4185: 4173: 4162: 4153: 4144: 4123: 4118:(2), 142-164 4115: 4111: 4096:Ze'ev Herzog 4087: 4076:. Retrieved 4065: 4030: 4026: 4015: 4006: 4002: 3989: 3964: 3960: 3954: 3945: 3935: 3915: 3907: 3900:Ben-Ami 2011 3895: 3887:biblehub.com 3886: 3877: 3860: 3851: 3829: 3825:Conder, C.R. 3815: 3796: 3790: 3782: 3774: 3762: 3750: 3712: 3706: 3660: 3656: 3646: 3621: 3617: 3611: 3599:. Retrieved 3589: 3580: 3571: 3562: 3552: 3536: 3520: 3504: 3484: 3468: 3460:the original 3450: 3442:the original 3432: 3424:the original 3414: 3406:the original 3396: 3345: 3331:27 Dec 2011. 3297: 3285: 3276: 3272: 3262: 3253: 3244: 3226: 3217: 3205: 3193: 3181: 3173: 3165: 3157: 3149: 3144:(10 volumes) 3131: 3125: 3108: 3105:Kenyon, K.M. 3099: 3083: 3066: 3062: 3053: 3049: 3041: 3031: 3023: 3014: 3005: 2996: 2987: 2975:. Retrieved 2958: 2950: 2941: 2929: 2917: 2898: 2886: 2867: 2826: 2817: 2813: 2777: 2757: 2742: 2724: 2705:1 Kings 2:11 2700: 2688:. Retrieved 2666:. Retrieved 2652: 2635: 2629: 2617: 2588: 2576:. Retrieved 2571: 2533: 2529: 2523: 2498: 2494: 2488: 2476: 2453: 2448: 2439: 2431: 2426: 2417: 2410:. Retrieved 2399: 2381: 2372: 2350:intermittent 2346: 2337: 2325: 2310: 2298: 2293: 2291: 2266:stepped road 2259: 2238: 2208: 2196: 2178: 2166:Gihon Spring 2152: 2133: 2109: 2100: 2077: 2062: 2053: 2026: 2015: 1979: 1976: 1969:Part of the 1952: 1919: 1916: 1897: 1889: 1876:Beit Shemesh 1863:Chalcolithic 1861: 1845: 1841: 1825: 1814: 1806:and Dickie). 1794: 1744: 1732:part of the 1692: 1687:Gihon Spring 1668: 1665: 1596:Municipality 1579:Other topics 1561:Islamization 1529:Christianity 1435:Biblical Zoo 1405:Western Wall 1384:Temple Mount 1185:Early Muslim 1043: 1026: 1001:Hebrew Bible 962:Temple Mount 951: 938: 935: 926: 914: 902:Late Ottoman 893: 878: 866: 850: 838: 822: 806:Temple Mount 803: 794: 737:Hebrew Bible 728: 726: 682: 665: 626: 619: 583:Hebrew Bible 572: 557: 553:Kidron brook 545:Gihon Spring 541: 536:Temple Mount 503: 499: 485: 477:Gihon Spring 469:Temple Mount 466: 455: 451: 449: 437:2 Samuel 5:9 429: 417: 390: 388: 348: 338:include the 308:Gihon Spring 297: 293:Temple Mount 256: 232: 230: 36: 6199: / 6139:Sheikh Badr 6129:Ohel Shlomo 6032:Ramat Denya 5987:Givat Shaul 5967:Bayit VeGan 5910:Mekor Chaim 5846:Beit Safafa 5813:Wadi al-Joz 5785:Ras al-Amud 5715:Al-Issawiya 5644:Ramot Polin 5609:Neve Yaakov 5591:Kiryat Sanz 5581:Kiryat Itri 5576:Kiryat Belz 5564:Har Hotzvim 5559:Givat Moshe 5546:French Hill 5540:Ezrat Torah 5527:Beit Hanina 5498:Yemin Moshe 5458:Neve Granot 5423:Mea Shearim 5304:Bab al-Huta 5239:, those in 5021:Smith, G.A. 4943:(1): 26–33. 4594:(1): 3–19. 4560:Ben-Ami, D. 4214:Galor 2017b 3967:(1): 4–21. 3618:Radiocarbon 1982:Eilat Mazar 1922:clay tablet 1751:columbarium 1726:Siloam Pool 1556:Judaization 1488:Grand Mufti 1483:Chief Rabbi 1084:Inside the 1046:Eilat Mazar 875:Exploration 697:Iron Age II 674:K.M. Kenyon 666:Wadi Hilweh 636:- in 1881; 530:, from the 488:Palestinian 452:Wadi Hilweh 367:Palestinian 363:Wadi Hilweh 275:during the 257:Wadi Hilweh 6214:Categories 6187:35°14′08″E 6184:31°46′25″N 6161:See also: 6051:Historical 5570:Kafr 'Aqab 5433:Mount Zion 5333:Beit David 5249:Green Line 4625:Dalman, G. 4488:, London: 4202:Reich 2011 4178:Galor 2017 4078:2009-06-29 4074:. Aish.com 3833:. London: 3821:Warren, C. 3210:Smith 1907 3198:Smith 1907 3059:Avigad, N. 2593:Galor 2017 2359:References 2330:Professor 2045:King David 2037:E. Shukron 1410:Synagogues 1301:Common Era 1179:325–638 CE 1169:130–325 CE 1013:topography 724:‎). 689:E. Shukron 650:L. Vincent 638:F.J. Bliss 607:Bronze Age 389:The name " 198:Management 177:Site notes 119:settlement 6042:Yefeh Nof 5977:Ein Karem 5938:Sur Baher 5925:San Simon 5900:Katamonim 5708:Al Bustan 5650:Sanhedria 5368:Givat Ram 5223:Jerusalem 5097:745203905 5075:11 August 5047:cite book 5039:832328756 5013:706618759 4997:Reich, R. 4848:Mazar, E. 4844:Mazar, B. 4815:610542128 4755:: 32–49. 4733:165026462 4701:Galor, K. 4608:140566946 4371:0021-2059 4049:0027-8424 3973:0021-2059 3869:745203905 3830:Jerusalem 3638:135290104 3601:11 August 3140:602654791 3117:610329044 3046:Weill, R. 2736:(Report). 2732:(2014b). 2644:745203905 2550:128741871 2515:191493893 2392:Citations 2301:Heraclius 2268:built by 2174:city wall 2162:limestone 2007:carinated 1998:Hasmonean 1878:and near 1868:cup marks 1730:Hasmonean 1721:was found 1616:Transport 1611:City Line 1238:Jordanian 1229:1917–1948 1219:1517–1917 1209:1187–1517 1199:1099–1187 1175:Byzantine 1104:Jerusalem 997:acropolis 908:Jordanian 846:Israelite 646:M. Parker 630:C. Warren 603:Jerusalem 406:Jebusites 395:Israelite 281:Iron Ages 273:Jerusalem 265:وادي حلوة 252:ʿĪr Davīd 246:romanized 190:Condition 153:Byzantine 145:Israelite 141:Canaanite 110:Jerusalem 6002:Ir Ganim 5950:Umm Tuba 5931:Sharafat 5894:Har Homa 5823:Southern 5778:Nof Zion 5743:Ir David 5672:Tel Arza 5512:Northern 5448:Nachlaot 5348:Bukharim 5281:Muristan 5258:Old City 5129:Archived 5067:(n.d.). 5023:(1907). 4999:(2011). 4989:27927171 4965:23485357 4900:July 31, 4881:(2011). 4864:43588801 4761:44474016 4725:26374492 4655:(2007). 4641:27929432 4588:Tel Aviv 4576:23630964 4540:Archived 4379:27098633 4106:(2007), 4057:38683984 4009:: 11–21. 3981:27927244 3940:pp.1-23. 3827:(1884). 3708:Tel Aviv 3657:PLOS ONE 3305:Archived 3231:(5.4.1. 3223:Josephus 3107:(1967). 3075:27924494 3048:(1947), 3030:(1920), 2906:Archived 2875:Archived 2860:Yitzhaki 2786:Archived 2755:(eds.). 2690:5 August 2668:5 August 2530:Tel Aviv 2495:Tel Aviv 2419:prevail. 2412:18 April 2239:Shelomit 2138:through 2136:Hezekiah 2116:Hezekiah 2033:R. Reich 2016:In 2010 1675:Hezekiah 1551:Quds Day 1379:Old City 1195:Crusader 1189:638–1099 1149:1000 BCE 1131:Timeline 1096:a series 1094:Part of 974:Josephus 869:Hezekiah 862:Rehoboam 831:suburb. 791:Overview 714:Nehemiah 685:R. Reich 678:Y. Shilo 642:R. Weill 634:H. Guthe 579:Old City 562:and the 479:and the 463:Location 425:Josephus 342:and the 328:Hezekiah 314:and the 193:In ruins 137:Cultures 106:Location 6107:Mamilla 5997:Har Nof 5960:Western 5944:Talpiot 5830:Abu Tor 5736:Bethany 5686:Eastern 5677:Unsdorf 5666:Shuafat 5468:Rehavia 5438:Musrara 5378:Katamon 5316:Central 5186:YouTube 4552:Sources 4524:Haaretz 4230:Shukron 3843:5785377 3680:7269203 3581:Haaretz 3389:Ben-Ami 3254:Haaretz 2977:26 July 2924:, p.167 2578:24 July 2434:, 1985. 2353:karstic 2343:Tourism 2274:channel 2213:in the 2155:conduit 1761:), etc. 1606:Cuisine 1524:Judaism 1430:Knesset 1415:Mosques 1388:Al-Aqsa 1284:587 BCE 1279:597 BCE 1274:701 BCE 1215:Ottoman 1125:History 858:Solomon 729:Haaretz 568:Solomon 508:mukhtar 443:and in 248:: 241:עיר דוד 220:Website 129:Periods 124:History 49:‎ 47:עיר דוד 6240:Silwan 6059:Atarot 5835:Arnona 5806:Silwan 5722:At-Tur 5520:Al-Ram 5473:Romema 5095: 5037: 5011: 4987: 4963: 4891: 4862: 4832: 4813: 4794: 4772: 4759: 4731: 4723: 4689: 4665: 4639: 4606: 4574: 4452: 4377: 4369: 4228:& 4055: 4047: 3979: 3971: 3867: 3841: 3803: 3783:et al. 3757:(2009) 3677: 3636: 3275:: 29. 3174:et al. 3158:et al. 3138: 3115: 3073: 2765: 2642: 2548: 2513: 2339:Elad. 2270:Pilate 2219:Marduk 2211:bullae 2180:Bullae 2159:meleke 2140:Josiah 2112:Shebna 2104:Hathor 2092:Silwan 2041:Warren 2003:Achziv 1817:dunams 1591:Emblem 1461:People 1361:Places 1294:37 BCE 1289:63 BCE 1262:Sieges 1058:bullae 923:Dating 848:rule. 825:Silwan 814:Hinnom 492:Silwan 385:Naming 371:Silwan 277:Bronze 261:Arabic 237:Hebrew 159:Events 6097:Lifta 6022:Motza 5905:Malha 5637:Ramot 5453:Nayot 5358:Geula 5247:(see 5237:green 4985:JSTOR 4961:JSTOR 4917:(PDF) 4860:JSTOR 4852:Qedem 4757:JSTOR 4751:(1). 4729:S2CID 4721:JSTOR 4637:JSTOR 4604:S2CID 4572:JSTOR 4375:JSTOR 4326:2000. 4226:Reich 3999:(PDF) 3977:JSTOR 3779:Reich 3755:Mazar 3634:S2CID 3372:Mazar 3237:6.351 3233:5.136 3170:Reich 3154:Reich 3071:JSTOR 3028:Weill 2971:(PDF) 2810:(PDF) 2546:S2CID 2511:S2CID 2364:Notes 2018:Mazar 1984:of a 1846:ophel 1821:acres 1819:(1.2 1804:Bliss 1621:Songs 1586:Names 1534:Islam 1478:Mayor 1248:1948- 1054:David 1009:David 958:Ophel 842:Ophel 827:, an 718:Accra 439:, in 435:, in 399:David 397:king 320:David 5865:Gilo 5840:Baka 5245:blue 5093:OCLC 5077:2021 5053:link 5035:OCLC 5009:OCLC 4902:2021 4889:ISBN 4830:ISBN 4811:OCLC 4792:ISBN 4770:ISBN 4687:ISBN 4663:ISBN 4450:ISBN 4367:ISSN 4102:and 4053:PMID 4045:ISSN 3969:ISSN 3865:OCLC 3839:OCLC 3801:ISBN 3603:2021 3329:Ynet 3221:Cf. 3136:OCLC 3113:OCLC 2979:2021 2763:ISBN 2692:2021 2670:2021 2640:OCLC 2580:2020 2414:2023 2223:Nabu 2221:and 2209:Two 2186:and 2035:and 1842:See 1828:Acra 1771:The 1759:here 1724:The 1713:The 1706:The 1685:The 1374:West 1369:East 1347:1948 1342:1917 1337:1834 1332:1244 1327:1187 1322:1099 1240:and 1064:and 1037:The 1031:The 954:moat 948:Moat 860:and 722:חקרא 712:and 710:Ezra 687:and 648:and 597:and 589:and 279:and 231:The 116:Type 5915:Pat 5243:in 5031:156 4957:115 4713:doi 4596:doi 4423:122 4035:doi 4031:121 3717:doi 3675:PMC 3665:doi 3626:doi 3327:at 2818:528 2538:doi 2503:doi 2231:Sin 2146:by 1992:of 1823:). 1317:637 1312:614 664:in 215:yes 6216:: 6165:• 5251:). 5184:, 5170:- 5166:, 5156:- 5152:, 5063:; 5049:}} 5045:{{ 5033:. 5007:. 4981:57 4979:. 4955:. 4941:25 4939:. 4925:39 4923:. 4919:. 4856:29 4854:. 4846:; 4749:67 4747:. 4727:. 4719:. 4709:51 4707:. 4651:; 4633:45 4602:. 4592:41 4590:. 4568:30 4522:. 4425:. 4421:. 4417:. 4405:^ 4373:. 4363:69 4361:. 4249:^ 4132:^ 4116:34 4114:, 4110:, 4098:, 4094:, 4051:. 4043:. 4029:. 4025:. 4005:. 4001:. 3975:. 3965:60 3963:. 3923:^ 3914:, 3885:. 3823:; 3781:, 3731:^ 3713:50 3711:. 3705:. 3689:^ 3673:. 3661:15 3659:. 3655:. 3632:. 3622:59 3620:. 3579:. 3561:. 3543:, 3527:, 3511:, 3491:, 3475:, 3379:^ 3354:^ 3336:^ 3316:^ 3271:. 3252:. 3225:, 3172:, 3156:, 3065:. 3013:. 2995:. 2966:. 2838:^ 2816:. 2812:. 2797:^ 2751:; 2711:^ 2683:. 2679:. 2674:; 2661:. 2600:^ 2570:. 2558:^ 2544:. 2534:38 2532:. 2509:. 2499:38 2497:. 2461:^ 2416:. 2241:. 2176:. 2150:. 2118:. 1849:. 1782:A 1307:70 1098:on 1072:. 1003:, 976:' 864:. 743:. 609:. 514:. 483:. 381:. 373:, 295:. 263:: 243:, 239:: 204:, 169:, 165:, 151:, 147:, 143:, 5214:e 5207:t 5200:v 5099:. 5079:. 5055:) 5041:. 5015:. 4991:. 4967:. 4927:. 4904:. 4866:. 4838:. 4817:. 4800:. 4763:. 4735:. 4715:: 4695:. 4671:. 4643:. 4610:. 4598:: 4578:. 4526:. 4492:. 4458:. 4429:. 4381:. 4081:. 4059:. 4037:: 4007:8 3983:. 3918:. 3889:. 3871:. 3845:. 3809:. 3769:. 3725:. 3719:: 3683:. 3667:: 3640:. 3628:: 3605:. 3583:. 3565:. 3256:. 3239:) 3142:. 3119:. 3077:. 3067:2 3017:. 2999:. 2981:. 2820:. 2771:. 2694:. 2672:. 2646:. 2582:. 2552:. 2540:: 2517:. 2505:: 1736:. 1655:e 1648:t 1641:v 1386:/ 1244:) 1236:( 720:( 421:, 259:( 235:( 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

City of David (archaeological site)

Index