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2004, 27,000 PACS were signed compared to 22,000 in 2003. The report found that one PACS in 10 had been dissolved (less than divorces for couples married for the same period, for which one marriage in three will be dissolved by divorce or separation after the first 3 years during which most signed PACS are dissolved before becoming more stable than marriages).
1187:
266,000 civil marriages took place in 2004, a decline of 5.9% from 2003. However, the report found that the number of couples getting PACS had increased every year except 2001. There was a 29% increase in PACS between 2001 and 2002 and a 25% increase between 2002 and 2003. For the first 9 months of
1657:
Although the law was passed with same-sex couples in mind, the great majority of couples taking advantage have been heterosexual couples who, for one reason or another, choose civil union rather than marriage; moreover, more heterosexual couples are opting for civil union rather than marriage. In
1159:
for same-sex couples. Because of this, left-wing members of the committee rejected the report. The report also argued that the differences in rights between concubinage, PACS and marriage reflect different levels of commitment and obligations on the part of the couples who enter into them. The
910:
From a legal standpoint, a PACS is a contract drawn up between the two individuals, which is stamped and registered by the clerk of the court. In some areas, couples signing a PACS have the option of undergoing a formal ceremony at the
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committee renewed its support for this tiered system and recommended that the various rights and obligations of each type of union be clearly explained to couples when they register for a PACS, marry, or have a child.
2702:
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1022:
described PACS as "not adapted to the needs of families". However, most initial opponents now widely accept the PACS (including
Jacques Chirac and Christine Boutin, who publicly changed their minds).
1048:
is applied in France, a couple filing joint income taxes, in almost all cases, pays less tax than they would filing separately if one of the partners earns substantially more than the other.
1147:
A parliamentary "Report on the Family and the Rights of
Children" was released on 25 January 2006. Although the committee recommended increasing some rights given in PACS in areas such as
1722:
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fact, this trend was already in place in 2000, with 75% of unions between heterosexual couples (42% the previous years) and 95% in 2009. The process is commonly referred to as
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669:
Registered foreign marriages confer all marriage rights. Domestic common-law marriages confer most rights of marriage. Domestic civil marriage recognized by some cities.
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In 2004, PACS was described in a report to the Garde des Sceaux (minister for justice) as "a new way of conjugality, answering many needs and inscribed in continuity".
2537:
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A "declaration of family relationship" is available in several of
Cambodia's communes which may be useful in matters such as housing, but is not legally binding.
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only after three years. As of 2005, all PACS couples are required to file joint taxes, in the same manner as married couples. Due to the way that the
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only made certain benefits extend to the other partner in a union, and did not settle any issue regarding property, taxes, etc.
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Guardianship agreements, conferring some limited legal benefits, including decisions about medical and personal care.
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In
December 2004, the French Government began preparations for expanding the rights granted in PACS. French
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between two adults for organising their joint life. It brings rights and responsibilities, but less so than
777:
Marriages conducted abroad between a
Namibian national and a foreign spouse recognized for residency rights.
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57:
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in
November 1999 following some controversy. The debate is remembered for a few incidents, such as when
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According to the 2004 Demographic Report by the
National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (
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A parliamentary report released in
January 2006 said a total of around 170,000 PACS had been signed.
765:
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in the direction of the speaker of the
Assembly—a surprising gesture in a country where
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failed to pass PACS in
October 1998. The law was proposed by the left-of-center government of
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in terms of their marital status; their birth records will be amended to show their status as
728:
Inheritance, guardianship rights, and residency rights for foreign spouses of legal residents.
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as a normal lifestyle met decadence." Anti-PACS proponents also staged a series of street
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2015:
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1892:"Insee – Population – volution du nombre de mariages et de pacs conclus jusqu'en 2013"
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1104:Âą May include recent laws or court decisions that have not yet entered into effect.
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1010:. Christine Boutin also said, "All civilizations that recognized and justified
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919:. Since 2006, individuals who have registered a PACS are no longer considered
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1867:"Insee – Population – 2004 Demographic report – Net decrease in death rates"
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Washington Times article: "France ready to change civil pact" (Dec. 2004)
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in October 1999, largely to offer some legal status to same-sex couples.
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obliges the state to provide residency rights for the foreign spouses of
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PACS remain available to both same and opposite-sex couples despite the
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1184:), the number of marriages in France had fallen each year since 2000.
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Loi n°99-944 du 15 novembre 1999 relative au pacte civil de solidarité
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1958:"Straight Couples in France Are Choosing Civil Unions Meant for Gays"
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It was to be a marked improvement and alternative over the previous
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Hospital visitation rights through a "legal representative" status.
656:. Recognized but not performed in several other tribal nations and
755:–type contractual relationships, but they are not legally binding.
701:. Some member states, including Romania, do not follow the ruling.
2025:
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introduction of marriage and adoption rights for same-sex couples
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Marseille: le pacs bientôt célébré dans les mairies socialistes
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in such cases, but the rights of marriage are not guaranteed.
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1102: Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples
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is the only collectivity where PACS cannot be performed.
957:, and was very vocally opposed by people, mostly on the
1616:
1982:
Sayare, Scott; Baume, MaĂŻa de la (16 December 2010).
1140:
groups considered it a tactic for avoiding debate on
1757:"LESBIAN/GAY LAW NOTES ISSN 8755-9021 November 1998"
1740:"PACS Seven Years On: Is It Moving Towards Marriage"
1090: Limited foreign recognition (residency rights)
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International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family
602:Performed in the Netherlands proper (including the
1984:"In France, Civil Unions Gain Favor Over Marriage"
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1084: Limited domestic recognition (cohabitation)
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1040:Initially, PACS offered the right to file joint
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1625:voted to approve the extension of PACS to two
1065:Laws regarding same-sex partnerships in Europe
534:Recognition of same-sex unions in the Americas
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1702:Same-sex unions and military policy – France
2765:Marriage, unions and partnerships in France
1981:
992:the bill by speaking for five hours in the
276:or registered partnerships but not marriage
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1172:PACS (blue) and marriage (red) in France (
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961:, who opposed LGBT rights. Those, such as
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2419:Recognition of same-sex unions in Europe
2072:Front homosexuel d'action révolutionnaire
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529:Recognition of same-sex unions in Europe
519:Recognition of same-sex unions in Africa
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2322:Central Region Lesbian & Gay Pride
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973:, declared herself in favour of PACS.
524:Recognition of same-sex unions in Asia
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1823:. Preservemarriage.ca. Archived from
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1914:"New Caledonia catches up to France"
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1796:"France ready to change civil pact"
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574:LGBT rights by country or territory
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1936:"Acceptance with a friendly smile"
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625:Niue, Tokelau, or the Cook Islands
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14:
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2006:
1938:. Starobserver.com. 4 August 2009
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903:. The PACS was voted for by the
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1916:. Starobserver.com. 9 June 2009
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514:Timeline of same-sex marriage
16:Form of civil union in France
2341:Homosexualités et Socialisme
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7:
1821:"Preserve Marriage – Links"
1697:Same-sex marriage in France
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549:Divorce of same-sex couples
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766:partnership certificates
1213:Total marriages between
876:), commonly known as a
737:Courts have recognised
610:. May be registered in
2755:LGBTQ rights in France
2468:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2377:Human rights in France
2091:In Search of Lost Time
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604:Caribbean Netherlands
1800:The Washington Times
1782:May 9, 2007, at the
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967:Philippe de Villiers
554:Domestic partnership
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1729:, Tetu, 19 May 2009
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1621:In April 2009, the
980:) was voted by the
654:some tribal nations
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2372:Feminism in France
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1989:The New York Times
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1725:2009-05-25 at the
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1072: Marriage
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1020:Jacques Chirac
952:Prime Minister
943:
940:
917:civil marriage
888:[paks]
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693:ruling of the
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2311:Organizations
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2257:Pride parades
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2032:
2031:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2011:
2010:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1978:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1937:
1931:
1915:
1909:
1893:
1887:
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1631:New Caledonia
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1049:
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1043:
1038:
1036:
1032:
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1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1012:homosexuality
1009:
1005:
1004:
999:
995:
991:
988:attempted to
987:
983:
979:
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968:
964:
960:
956:
955:Lionel Jospin
953:
949:
939:
938:in May 2013.
937:
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451:
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445:Netherlands:
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238:United States
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158:Liechtenstein
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144:
141:
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134:
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126:
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121:
119:
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55:
49:
44:
43:
38:
31:
30:
27:
23:
22:
19:
2713:Transnistria
2318:Beit Haverim
2299:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2140:Law 2013-404
2119:
2089:
2077:
2070:
1993:. Retrieved
1987:
1977:
1965:. Retrieved
1961:
1952:
1940:. Retrieved
1930:
1918:. Retrieved
1908:
1896:. Retrieved
1886:
1874:. Retrieved
1861:
1829:. Retrieved
1825:the original
1815:
1803:. Retrieved
1799:
1790:
1773:
1761:. Retrieved
1751:
1743:
1734:
1715:
1674:
1659:
1656:
1620:
1597:
1575:
1553:
1531:
1509:
1487:
1465:
1443:
1421:
1399:
1377:
1355:
1333:
1311:
1289:
1267:
1245:
1223:
1205:PACS between
1200:PACS between
1190:
1186:
1179:
1146:
1135:
1064:
1056:
1050:
1042:income taxes
1039:
1034:
1026:
1024:
1008:Constitution
1001:
977:
975:
945:
933:
926:
920:
909:
878:
877:
865:
859:
782:
773:
760:
752:maitri karar
750:
744:
740:guru–shishya
738:
733:
724:
715:
706:
688:
665:
632:
619:
612:Sint Maarten
450:Sint Maarten
274:Civil unions
250:
249:
203:South Africa
24:Part of the
18:
2686:recognition
2660:Switzerland
2595:Netherlands
2272: [
2260: [
2222: [
2202: [
2185: [
2171: [
2159: [
2097:Politicians
2013:(in French)
1995:16 December
1967:16 December
1942:16 December
1920:16 December
1898:16 December
1876:16 December
1831:16 December
1805:16 December
1763:16 December
1035:concubinage
1029:concubinage
897:civil union
893:contractual
746:nata pratha
699:EU citizens
218:Switzerland
183:New Zealand
178:Netherlands
2744:Categories
2630:San Marino
2590:Montenegro
2570:Luxembourg
2550:Kazakhstan
2453:Azerbaijan
2346:Inter-LGBT
2286:Disneyland
2214:Cineffable
1894:. Insee.fr
1872:. Insee.fr
1708:References
1210:Total PACS
1052:Wealth tax
990:filibuster
959:right-wing
884:pronounced
339:San Marino
334:Montenegro
251:Recognized
163:Luxembourg
103:Costa Rica
2565:Lithuania
2351:Le refuge
2269:Banlieues
2149:Community
1759:. Qrd.org
1661:se pacser
1645:in 1999.
976:The law (
913:city hall
425:Lithuania
408:Hong Kong
68:Australia
63:Argentina
2693:Abkhazia
2645:Slovenia
2640:Slovakia
2615:Portugal
2473:Bulgaria
2365:See also
2293:Toulouse
2251:PREF mag
2237:Gai pied
2231:In Paris
2156:Lesbians
2135:Bill 586
2125:Intersex
1851:Archived
1780:Archived
1723:Archived
1681:See also
1153:adoption
1016:protests
901:marriage
895:form of
891:), is a
564:Adoption
497:See also
467:Slovakia
397:Cambodia
392:Bulgaria
228:Thailand
198:Slovenia
193:Portugal
98:Colombia
48:Marriage
2670:Ukraine
2620:Romania
2580:Moldova
2538:Ireland
2533:Iceland
2528:Hungary
2518:Germany
2513:Georgia
2503:Finland
2498:Estonia
2493:Denmark
2478:Croatia
2463:Belgium
2458:Belarus
2448:Austria
2443:Armenia
2438:Andorra
2433:Albania
2199:Culture
2085:Arcadie
2063:History
1608:221,000
1589:225,612
1586:191,537
1583:184,425
1567:228,565
1564:188,947
1561:181,930
1545:230,770
1542:173,731
1539:167,469
1523:231,225
1520:168,126
1517:162,072
1501:245,930
1498:160,639
1495:153,670
1479:236,826
1476:152,169
1473:144,675
1457:251,654
1454:205,558
1451:196,415
1435:251,478
1432:174,523
1429:166,089
1413:265,404
1410:146,002
1407:137,801
1391:273,669
1388:101,999
1369:273,914
1347:283,036
1325:278,439
1303:282,756
1281:286,169
1259:295,720
1237:305,234
1164:Figures
1031:notoire
1003:laïcité
942:History
462:Romania
430:Namibia
351:Bermuda
308:Hungary
293:Croatia
288:Bolivia
243:Uruguay
153:Ireland
148:Iceland
138:Germany
128:Finland
123:Estonia
118:Ecuador
113:Denmark
78:Belgium
73:Austria
58:Andorra
2698:Kosovo
2665:Turkey
2655:Sweden
2635:Serbia
2625:Russia
2610:Poland
2605:Norway
2585:Monaco
2555:Latvia
2523:Greece
2508:France
2483:Cyprus
2336:GayLib
2244:Illico
1385:95,778
1366:77,347
1363:72,276
1344:60,462
1341:55,597
1322:40,080
1319:35,057
1300:31,570
1297:27,276
1278:25,305
1275:21,683
1256:19,629
1253:16,306
1234:22,271
1231:16,859
1100:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1070:
922:single
870:French
862:France
483:
457:Poland
364:
329:Monaco
318:Latvia
298:Cyprus
259:Israel
223:Taiwan
213:Sweden
188:Norway
173:Mexico
143:Greece
133:France
88:Canada
83:Brazil
2650:Spain
2575:Malta
2545:Italy
2281:Paris
2276:]
2264:]
2226:]
2206:]
2189:]
2175:]
2163:]
1870:(PDF)
1592:1.70
1580:7,112
1570:1.68
1558:7,017
1548:1.55
1536:6,262
1526:1.52
1514:6,054
1504:1.71
1492:6,969
1482:1.93
1470:7,494
1460:2.00
1448:9,143
1438:1.98
1426:8,434
1416:1.99
1404:8,201
1394:1.66
1382:6,221
1372:1.44
1360:5,071
1350:1.42
1338:4,865
1328:1.58
1316:5,023
1306:1.37
1294:4,294
1284:1.16
1272:3,622
1262:1.05
1250:3,323
1240:1.65
1228:5,412
1182:Insee
1174:INSEE
998:Bible
928:pacsé
587:Notes
441:Nepal
420:Japan
415:India
402:China
313:Italy
208:Spain
168:Malta
93:Chile
50:legal
2301:TĂŞtu
2219:Drag
1997:2014
1969:2014
1944:2014
1922:2014
1900:2014
1878:2014
1833:2014
1807:2014
1765:2014
1666:IPA:
1633:and
1598:2017
1576:2016
1554:2015
1532:2014
1510:2013
1488:2012
1466:2011
1444:2010
1422:2009
1400:2008
1378:2007
1356:2006
1334:2005
1312:2004
1290:2003
1268:2002
1246:2001
1224:2000
1197:Year
1138:LGBT
965:and
946:The
879:PACS
864:, a
687:The
108:Cuba
1677:).
860:In
749:or
2746::
2274:fr
2262:fr
2224:fr
2204:fr
2187:fr
2173:fr
2161:fr
1986:.
1960:.
1841:^
1798:.
1742:,
1673:,
1629::
1144:.
1067:Âą
931:.
872::
797:^
743:,
674:^
645:^
595:^
346::
2411:e
2404:t
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1999:.
1971:.
1946:.
1924:.
1902:.
1880:.
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1809:.
1767:.
1664:(
1176:)
1126:e
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882:(
868:(
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660:.
640:.
627:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.