1494:(very often written "khôlles" to look like a Greek word, this spelling initially being a literary prépa joke). The so-called "colles" are unique to the French academic education in CPGEs. They consist of oral examinations twice a week, in maths, physics, chemistry, biology and earth sciences (in BCPST classes), French and a foreign language, usually English, German or Spanish. Students, alone or in groups (generally three people), spend 20 minutes to an hour facing a professor in a room, answering questions and solving problems. Similarly, in "ECE/ECS classes", students generally undergo 2 khôlles a week, each subject being regularly tested. Weekly exams often happen on Saturday mornings and last 3 to 4 hours, depending on the subject being tested.
453:
133:
1436:(law and economy): the students attend both university (taking courses at the law faculty) and CPGE's School. They study civil law, economics, and they choose business law, public law or mathematics; one language (mostly English, German, Spanish and Italian), but they can study a second language for the Écoles de commerce, and general culture. At university, they study constitutional law, criminal law and administrative law. At the end of the two years, students go to
36:
888:" for the second year, is focused on a strong pluri-disciplinary course, including all humanities: philosophy, literature, history, geography, foreign languages, and ancient languages (Latin and Ancient Greek). The students are called the "hypokhâgneux" and the "khâgneux". These classes prepare for the entrance exam of the elite schools called
1506:(a methodologically codified commentary) in literature and foreign languages; as for the Ancient Greek or Latin, they involve a translation and a commentary. The student then has 20 minutes to present part of their prepared work to the teacher, who ends the session by asking some questions on the presentation and on the corresponding topic.
400:. Thus, each CPGE receives thousands of applications from around the world every April and May, and selects its new students under its own criteria (mostly excellence). A few CPGE programmes, mainly the private CPGEs (which account for 10% of CPGEs), also have an interview process or look at a student's involvement in the community.
1420:
Both the first and second year programms include ten hours of mathematics teaching per week completed by 6 hours of geopolitics, six hours of French and philosophy, and three hours of each language (2 languages) in the "ECS" section. The same applies to the "ECE" section, the difference being that
403:
In June 2007, 534,300 students passed the "Baccalauréat", and 40,000 (7.5%) of them were admitted to CPGE. On a given class at one of the prep schools listed above, around 1500 application files will be examined for only 40 places. Students are selected according to their grades in High school and
697:
There are unique entrance exams for each school, but there are also common exams, grouping several engineering schools, designed for students in preparatory science classes. Across all streams, students in preparatory science classes can register for the following common exams or exam banks:
665:
Both the first and second year programmes include as much as ten to twelve hours of mathematics teaching per week, ten hours of physics, two hours of literature and philosophy, two to four hours of (one or two) foreign language(s) teaching and two to eight hours of minor options: either SI,
435:("khâgne"). Most of the students in these classes receive part of their education at a public university, so that the teachers' council can deliver them the corresponding grade in one or two disciplines at the end of the year (only up to a bachelor's degree for 3 years of CPGE).
329:
Some preparatory classes are widely considered "elite", being extremely selective, and recruiting only the best students from each high school, if not the best student from each high school. These schools practically guarantee their students a place in one of the top
1211:
Since 2021, ECE and ECS classes have been merged into a single "ECG" course, the French baccalauréat having been reformed (notably, the iconic "S", "ES" and "L" filières, which until now served to divide students between ECS and ECE classes, have been abolished).
1747:
1638:
1533:, nicknamed the "X" (as the mathematical unknown). A student who enrolls in (the word for which is "integrates" in French) this school after the second year of preparatory class is traditionally called a "3/2" because this is the value of the
934:
Now, the grouping of many examinations make the difference between khâgnes "Lyon" and "Ulm" is slight, and many prépas have mixed classes with many students preparing for both ENS (or even the three for students specialising in
English).
1509:"Khôlles" are important as they prepare the students, from the very first year, for the oral part of the competitive examination. They are also useful to make sure they learn and understand lessons by testing them on a regular basis.
1826:
1036:
1497:
In "hypokhâgne/khâgne", the system of "colles" is a bit different. They are taken every quarter in every subject. Students usually have one hour to prepare a short presentation that takes the form of a French-style
669:
The BCPST classes prepare for exams of engineering schools of life sciences (agronomy, forestry, environmental and food sciences) but also to veterinary schools, engineering schools of earth sciences, and the three
666:
engineering industrial science, chemistry or theoretical computer science, biology-geology, biotechnologies. Added to this are several hours of homework, which can amount to as much as the official hours of class.
198:
Unlike most students in France who enroll in public universities directly after receiving a high school diploma, students from CPGE have to take national competitive exams to be allowed to enroll in one of the
689:, which is a French word for "mole", referring to the lifestyle of students in classes preparatoires whose workload obliges them to spend most of their time studying instead of going out to enjoy social life.
2052:
in extreme conditions: "They are given more work than they can cope with, and very difficult work. Hence they learn to work in a constant state of panic and to organize for themselves gruelling schedules."
443:
CPGE exist in three different fields of study: science & engineering, business, and humanities. All CPGE programs have a nominal duration of two years, but the second year is sometimes repeated once.
1059:) and ancient Greek to French translation. Chartes B, on the other hand, follow courses in modern history, contemporary history, French literature, foreign languages, plus a choice between Latin
1051:
In first year (sometimes called “hypochartes”), Chartes A students follow courses in medieval history, modern history, French literature, foreign languages, Latin to French translation (known as
1870:
1763:
for a third and final second year. Some ambitious professors encourage their top students to avoid or postpone admittance to other prestigious schools in order to try to get a better school.
811:
1044:
is divided into two different branches, known as "Chartes A", with an emphasis on medieval history and ancient languages, and "Chartes B", with an emphasis on contemporary history.
1823:
1066:
In second year, Chartes A and B students take the same set of courses as in year 1, with the addition of contemporary history for A students, and medieval history for B students.
424:
credits that can be used to fulfill university degree requirements since the 2009-2010 academic year, and students who decide to carry on their studies at a public university.
1651:
1542:
1502:(a methodologically codified essay, typically structured in three parts: thesis, counter-thesis, and synthesis) in history, philosophy, etc. on a given topic, or that of a
266:
53:
1855:
2013:
382:
created them at first as fourth to sixth year of high school) but pertain to tertiary education, which means that each student must have successfully passed their
431:
also establish conventions with universities to validate a full 2nd or 3rd year degree upon graduation for CPGE students who perform well, especially in literary
390:
100:
396:
388:(or equivalent) to be admitted to CPGE. Moreover, the admission to the CPGE is usually based on performance during the last two years of high school, called
72:
896:, which are considered among the most difficult exams of the French system. Nevertheless, the students can now also apply for many other entrance exams.
79:
1759:("squares"). Students enrolled in their "second" second year are also called "cubes" or "khübes", it being a synonym of "cinq-demi", and a few turn to
421:
86:
195:. The workload is one of the highest in Europe (29 to 45 contact hours a week, with up to 10 hours of guided tutorials and oral exam sessions).
185:
system. They consist of two years of study (extendable to three or exceptionally four years) which act as an intensive preparatory course (or
68:
2117:
229:
but do not include medical or law schools, nor architecture schools. Because of the competitive entrance exams, having attended one of the
709:; it allows access to the four Écoles normales supérieures: ENS Ulm, ENS Lyon, ENS Paris-Saclay, and ENS Rennes; it is combined with the
250:
1856:
http://www.letudiant.fr/etudes/classes-prepa/prepa-echec-reorientation-12150/rebondir-apres-une-prepa-grace-aux-credits-ects-18589.html
972:
735:
2039:
615:
students and last only a year. They are mainly based on the curriculum of PTSI and PCSI and are subdvised into five branches :
1988:
1938:
1844:
17:
1437:
968:
930:, which prepares for the B/L entrance exam of the four ENS. Its particularity is the presence of mathematics and social sciences.
1963:
1473:
students who wants to go on to a business school via entry in the 4th post-baccalaureate year instead of the 3rd like most CPGE.
681:, or hypotaupe (sup for "classe de mathématiques supérieures", superior in French, meaning post-high school), and second year
93:
964:
921:
1450:(economy and management): students attend both to university (taking courses in economics or mathematics) and CPGE's school.
367:
359:
1470:
612:
1078:
685:, or taupe, (spés for "classe de mathématiques spéciales", special in French). The students of these classes are called
209:
are higher education establishments (graduate schools) delivering master's degrees and rarely doctorates. They include
1529:("one half") in the first year. The explanation behind these names is that the most coveted engineering school is the
1020:
347:
119:
1466:
608:
954:
891:
645:
452:
219:
1090:
Those CPGEs, which are focused on economics (which prepare the admission to Top French business schools such as
57:
225:
1899:
960:
911:
704:
238:
145:
2112:
1796:
1005:
262:
1072:
510:("mathematics, physics, engineering science and computer science") in the first year, followed by either
1742:{\displaystyle \int _{2}^{3}\!x\,\mathrm {d} x\ ={\frac {3^{2}}{2}}-{\frac {2^{2}}{2}}={\frac {5}{2}}}
1633:{\displaystyle \int _{1}^{2}\!x\,\mathrm {d} x\ ={\frac {2^{2}}{2}}-{\frac {1^{2}}{2}}={\frac {3}{2}}}
1070:
The CPGE Chartes curricula are specifically tailored to prepare students for the entrance exam of the
1490:
In addition to class time and homework, students spend several hours each week completing exams and
355:
1903:
1421:
students study for 8 hours
Economics and Sociology with a historical focus instead of geopolitics.
286:
258:
182:
237:, as they have traditionally produced most of France's scientists, executives and intellectuals (
46:
335:
1845:
http://www.peep.asso.fr/upload/pdf/2890.Post_Bac_attractivite_academie_paris_cpge_et_autres.pdf
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8:
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984:
The main French business schools (through complementary examinations at the final exam):
662:("MP star") (except for the BCPST2 and TB2 classes, which don't make this disctinction).
179:
2014:"CPGE économique et commerciale : tout savoir sur la prépa ATS économie et gestion"
1992:
492:("mathematics, physics, and engineering science") in the first year, followed by either
420:
Preparatory classes are officially not authorized to deliver any degrees, but they give
1942:
409:
254:
1297:
760:
363:
1967:
1444:
or some selective university of law. This CPGE is open for
Baccalauréats L, ES and S.
642:
The classes that especially train students for admission to the top schools, such as
1777:
943:
339:
331:
322:
201:
191:
149:
137:
1517:
A student (in a scientific CPGE) who repeats the second year obtains the status of
1117:
214:
1206:
479:("biology, chemistry, physics and earth sciences") in the first year, followed by
2078:- The French committee for admission exams to business schools "Grandes écoles".
1830:
246:
550:("physics, technology, and engineering science") in the first year, followed by
384:
532:("physics, chemistry, and engineering science") in the first year, followed by
1114:(preparing for the Hautes Ecoles de Commerce) and are split into three parts:
351:
2106:
1454:
D1 and D2 are very rare but offer a complete and multidisciplinary training.
306:
234:
2069:- The French committee for admission exams to engineering "Grandes écoles".
594:("physics, technology, industrial science") in the first year, followed by
132:
947:, other high schools and all universities, among which are the following:
1441:
1099:
1027:
993:
728:
456:
An overview of all the different options when attending a scientific cpge
186:
1916:
1751:
Students in their first year of literary and business CPGEs are called
189:) with the main goal of training students for enrolment in one of the
1487:
The amount of work required from the students is exceptionally high.
1091:
985:
581:("technology, physics and chemistry") in the first year, followed by
460:
The oldest CPGEs are the scientific ones, which can be accessed only
274:
920:, which prepares more specifically for the A/L entrance exam of the
910:, which prepares more specifically for the A/L entrance exam of the
900:
885:
872:
35:
1534:
1298:
ECT1 (Economics and
Commercial Technological way), followed by ECT2
654:
and some other, have an asterisk added to their name. For example,
405:
379:
267:
European School of
Chemistry, Polymers and Materials Science (ECPM)
607:("Adaptation for Skilled Technicians") are specifically targeting
1429:
There is also the D1 and D2 CPGE, also known as ENS Cachan CPGE:
677:
In scientific CPGE, the first year of CPGE is usually called the
378:
The CPGE are located within high schools for historical reasons (
1118:
ECS1 (Economics and
Commercial Scientific way), followed by ECS2
674:. Compare to the other classes, it teaches biology and geology.
2066:
1207:
ECE1 (Economics and
Commercial Economics way), followed by ECE2
1055:), plus a choice between French to Latin translation (known as
27:
French undergraduate education prior to entering grandes écoles
2075:
320:. Each of them prepare to pass the competitive exams of those
1095:
989:
141:
2093:
1895:
568:("technology and biology") in the first year, followed by
1906:(for MP2I only) programming languages, as practical work.
832:
Institute of
Statistics at the University of Paris (ISUP)
166:) ('Higher school preparatory classes'), commonly called
1063:, art history, geography and a second foreign language.
2084:
1654:
1545:
1525:("three halves") during their first second-year and
828:
Institute of
Financial and Insurance Sciences (ISFA)
692:
1076:, but students can also apply to CELSA and several
1047:The followed curricula vary from year 1 to year 2:
1026:Many journalism and communication schools (such as
783:(some of its exams are shared with the CCINP bank);
770:
508:
Mathématiques, Physique, Ingéniérie et Informatique
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1741:
1632:
1670:
1561:
1040:is the second literary and humanities CPGE. This
884:, nicknamed "hypokhâgne" for the first year and "
633:") and Métiers de l'horticulture et du paysage ("
2104:
490:Mathématiques, Physique, Sciences de l'Ingénieur
477:Biologie, Chimie, Physique, Sciences de la Terre
404:the first part of "Baccalauréat" (equivalent to
2037:
866:
514:("mathematics, physics and computer science"),
2087:- The CPGE teachers associations' Web Portal.
1989:"La Prépa voie technologique | Infoprepa"
548:Physique, Technologie, Sciences de l'Ingénieur
1939:"La Prépa voie scientifique | Infoprepa"
1512:
1405:are for those who graduated with the general
1397:are for those who graduated with the general
877:There are two literary and humanities CPGEs.
592:Physique, Technologie, Sciences Industrielles
975:(the last one being only for B/L or English)
952:
889:
643:
1964:"La Prépa voie économique | Infoprepa"
1409:(Economics and Social sciences), while the
824:Euro-Institute of Actuarial Studies (EURIA)
1811:"Classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles"
1646:: the integral of x from 2 to 3 is "5/2".
468:. The different tracks are the following:
464:having followed scientific courses during
312:Hence, there are three kinds of different
1674:
1565:
1482:
1037:Classe préparatoire à l'École des chartes
860:Geology, Water, and Environment exam bank
530:Physique, Chimie, Sciences de l'Ingénieur
217:, the four veterinary colleges, the four
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2096:- Information page about Business CPGE.
740:for the "PSI" track, as mentioned above;
451:
159:Classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles
131:
69:"Classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles"
1424:
747:, along with its associated exams: the
14:
2105:
2040:"Êtes-vous fait pour la classe prépa?"
251:École nationale des ponts et chaussées
1894:Including some programming using the
2038:Arnaud Gonzague (28 December 2013).
1034:Similar but distinct to Khâgne, the
316:: scientific, economic and literary
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
2118:Universities and colleges in France
558:("physics and engineering science")
540:("physics and engineering science")
522:("physics and engineering science")
500:("physics and engineering science")
24:
1676:
1567:
1145:History, Geography and Geopolitics
447:
25:
2129:
2060:
1477:
1465:", pathway is also available for
1085:
733:for the "PC" track, and with the
705:Écoles normales supérieures (ENS)
693:Scientific competitive entry exam
605:Adaptation Techniciens Supérieurs
1521:("five halves"). They were only
1236:Economics, Sociology and History
635:Horticultural and landscape jobs
34:
2031:
2006:
1981:
1956:
579:Technologie, Physique et Chimie
518:("mathematics and physics") or
496:("mathematics and physics") or
438:
348:les trois lycées de la montagne
211:science and engineering schools
45:needs additional citations for
1931:
1909:
1888:
1871:"Les prépas ATS scientifiques"
1863:
1849:
1838:
1817:
1803:
1789:
774:Polytechnic Common Exams (CCP)
554:("physics and technology") or
13:
1:
1783:
1413:are for those who obtained a
1079:Instituts d'études politiques
1021:Instituts d'études politiques
853:agronomy and veterinary exams
536:("physics and chemistry") or
2067:http://www.scei-concours.fr/
1797:"France's educational elite"
1461:(Economics and Management),
1006:Grenoble Ecole de Management
867:Literary and humanities CPGE
373:
368:Lycée privé Sainte-Geneviève
7:
2076:http://www.concours-bce.com
1766:
1755:and, in their second year,
1642:The same idea is valid for
1073:Ecole Nationale des Chartes
955:Écoles Normales Supérieures
892:Écoles Normales Supérieures
672:Ecoles Normales Supérieures
646:Écoles Normales Supérieures
629:"), Métiers de la Chimie ("
239:Écoles Normales Supérieures
226:École Nationale des Chartes
220:écoles normales supérieures
10:
2134:
1415:Baccalauréat Technologique
870:
726:; it is combined with the
621:Ingénierie Industrielle ("
346:(these three are known as
899:There are three types of
415:
408:in the United Kingdom or
263:Arts et Métiers ParisTech
2094:http://www.infoprepa.com
820:actuarial schools' exams
307:Toulouse Business School
287:Audencia Business School
183:post-secondary education
1411:Classe préparatoire ECT
1403:Classe préparatoire ECE
1395:Classe préparatoire ECS
795:military schools' exams
745:Mines-Ponts common exam
412:in the United States).
233:is often regarded as a
1743:
1634:
1110:, etc.), are known as
1002:EMLYON Business School
953:
890:
644:
623:Industrial engineering
457:
356:Lycée Pierre-de-Fermat
295:Emlyon Business School
153:
1744:
1635:
1440:, École de commerce,
1108:EDHEC Business School
1014:SKEMA Business School
998:EDHEC Business School
566:Technologie, Biologie
455:
334:. Among them are the
303:SKEMA Business School
299:EDHEC Business School
291:NEOMA Business School
279:ESSEC Business School
135:
18:Classes préparatoires
1652:
1543:
1463:"Economie et Gestion
1425:Other Economics CPGE
1195:Economics (optional)
788:EPITA-IPSA-ESME exam
749:TPE/EIVP common exam
716:for the "PSI" track;
658:, is usually called
336:Lycée Louis-Le-Grand
283:ESCP Business School
271:INSA Hauts-de-France
148:providing access to
144:, one of the famous
54:improve this article
2113:Education in France
1773:Education in France
1669:
1560:
1531:École polytechnique
1504:commentaire composé
880:The first of these
722:École Polytechnique
712:École Polytechnique
652:École polytechnique
243:École Polytechnique
2085:http://prepas.org/
1917:"Horaires en CPGE"
1829:2018-07-06 at the
1739:
1655:
1630:
1546:
1537:of x from 1 to 2.
1363:Foreign Language 2
1353:Foreign Language 1
1266:Foreign Language 2
1256:Foreign Language 1
1165:Foreign Language 2
1155:Foreign Language 1
941:can apply to many
753:Mines-Télécom exam
625:"), Génie Civil ("
458:
410:Advanced Placement
178:, are part of the
154:
136:Front entrance of
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1246:Further Economics
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980:École des Chartes
627:Civil engineering
344:Lycée Saint-Louis
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52:Please help
47:verification
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1523:trois demis
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1999:2015-10-21
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374:Admission
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