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profile. A lockable lid can be folded over the keyboard when the instrument is not being played. The instrument is supported by four wooden legs fitted to the main body by threaded knobs, and secured with a crossbar brace. There is a built-in battery-powered speaker and amplifier, but there also the option to use an external amplifier via a jack socket. The only controls on the
Clavinet I are volume and two tablet switches that selected a relevant combination of pickups. A bent rod music stand pegs into two holes on the upper surface. This model was designed and marketed as a home model for Baroque music. Early advertisements from Hohner featured the instrument in such a setting.
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stepfather. The website quickly became popular with worldwide orders for replacement parts. Subsequently, Hohner asked
Kipness if he would be interested in buying all remaining stock. The website encouraged other people to begin to manufacture spares, and there is now a cottage industry around keeping the Clavinet in playing condition. In 2018, a Clavinet in pristine condition could sell for about $ 2,000.
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526:", where it provides the main riff and accompaniment to the song. The track features multiple Clavinet C overdubs, and requires Wonder and another keyboardist to play on two Clavinets simultaneously to recreate the arrangement in live performances. Wonder began to use Clavinets in the late 1960s, when he was looking for a keyboard that could play guitar-like sounds. He first used it on "
353:
underside of the case. The legs fit into a box section under the top surface for transport. A removable transport lid fastens over the keyboard and controls. As well as mains power, the instrument could be driven off a 9V battery. A rare variant of the C, known as the
Echolette Beat Spinett featured reverse-colour keys like a traditional harpsichord, and an integrated
308:, and discovered that striking a hammer tip across a string mounted on an anvil allowed the player to hit the keys more forcefully and gain greater volume. He was interested in using metal keypads and plastic keys as an alternative to wooden frames and action that had been used on electric pianos such as the
481:
In the 1980s and 1990s replacement parts for clavinets became harder to find, as Hohner had ceased to support them, and the price for second-hand models dropped. In 1999, Clavinet enthusiast Aaron
Kipness established the website clavinet.com, and started manufacturing replacement hammer tips with his
400:
The
Clavinet Duo model was first produced in 1978. It combined a clavinet with the Hohner Pianet T in one compact, albeit heavy, instrument. A foot switch allows the player to switch between clavinet, pianet, or a mixture or the two. There is also a "split keyboard" mode that allows either instrument
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The
Clavinet D6, introduced in 1971, continued the case style of the C but is covered in black vinyl leathercloth and the upper surface of the instrument is teak veneer, which was cheaper to manufacture. The instrument came with a removable lid used for transporting, which also had space to store the
36:
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By the 1970s, Hohner began to use photos of Wonder in their advertising. He has continued to record and tour with the
Clavinet into the 21st century, and has several models. His main stage instrument is a customised D6 with modified preamps and high-quality film capacitors. The D6 is powered by a 9V
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with rounded corners and a removable metal lid to protect the keys and control surface for transport. The control panels at the left hand end of the instrument include those found on a D6 along with a sliding volume control. It included support brackets so it could be mounted on the rounded top of a
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The
Clavinet I was the first model to be introduced in 1964. It is housed in a heavy brown teak veneer box with a bronze front panel stating the model number, covering the tuning pegs on the front. The panel can be removed with two thumb screws in order to tune the instrument with a rectangular case
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The final E7 and
Clavinet Duo models reflected several engineering improvements to make the instrument more suitable for loud stage use, including improved shielding to avoid electrical noise. The E7 was introduced in 1979. It has a black vinyl leather cloth covered case with a rectangular profile
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at the time. A removable black aluminium panel below the keys provides access to the tuning machines. The upper surface of the keyboard is finished in white, and a slot holds an acrylic panel music rest, with the Hohner logo. Four black tapered tubular steel legs are threaded into mounts on the
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The sound is produced by a harp of 60 tensioned steel strings placed diagonally below the key surface. Each key pivots on a fulcrum point at the rear, with a spring to return it. Beneath each key, a metal holder grips a small rubber pad. Pressing a key forces the pad to fret the string like a
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Over time, the rubber hammer tips deteriorated, resulting in the key no longer functioning properly. The strings can last longer than those on a guitar, as they are sealed instruments and not prone to oil and sweat from fingers. The keys are not the same as any other Hohner instrument, and
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The end of each string farthest from the pick-ups passes through a weave of yarn, which damps the vibrating string after a key is released. Each string is tuned by a machine-head positioned along the front of the harp. This harp mechanism is different from the other
364:-shaped case and three wooden legs. The keyboard has reverse-colour keys, and a clear plastic music stand. It has a built-in amplifier and speaker which run off four 1.5V batteries. This model was designed to resemble a typical Renaissance-era keyboard.
397:, a popular combination of keyboards at the time. A number of D6-labeled instruments were made in the E7-style case and include D6 logos on the control panel and the removable tuning cover. These are known as D6-N models, the "N" denoting "new".
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if plugged into a loud amplifier. Later models such as the D6 resolved this issue with better string damping. The pickups are unshielded, which increases the likelihood of picking up interference from nearby lights, switches and transformers.
582:. Oddie recalled that MacRae's playing had a "very Stevie Wonder-type feel to it ... And then I literally started whacking the top of the grand piano. So the actual rhythm-track of 'The Funky Gibbon' has only got me and Dave on it."
768:
videos showing him use the mod's tremolo arm have gone viral. He bought his first
Clavinet second-hand aged 17 for $ 150; the modification had already been made at the time he bought this. The signal from the Clavinet is fed into a
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on a guitar, by pressing the rod. The Clavinet can then be used in a very different manner, and it makes it a suitable lead instrument. There are upgraded reissues of the device available which are more reliable than the original.
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to be used in a particular range of notes. There is a stereo output jack, that allows either a mix of the two sounds or each individual sound on one half of the stereo channel. It used a black case in the style of a Clavinet E7.
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The Clavinet II had the same basic features as the Clavinet I, which replaced the built-in amplifier and speaker system with a preamplifier. It was the first model to support changing the instrument's tone via rocker switches.
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music stand. The D6 allowed a more versatile sound election, which could be selected by six rocker switches to the left of the keyboard. The left four switches are concerned with tone; "Brilliant" and "Treble" activate a
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harpsichord music, which led him to design a comparable modern instrument. He joined Hohner in 1954, at a time when it was struggling with manufacturing after the company factories had been seized by the Nazis during
158:, from 1964 to 1982. The instrument produces sounds with rubber pads, each matching one of the keys and responding to a keystroke by striking a given point on a tensioned string, and was designed to resemble the
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The Castle Bar is an aftermarket device invented by Buddy Castle in the mid-1970s that connects the strings to a rotating bridge, which is fixed to a rod on top of the instrument. This makes it possible to
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and early classical music. The changes reflected Hohner's transition from marketing as a home instrument to one that was practical to play on stage. Around 38,000 units were manufactured in total.
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in a plastic case, positioned above and below the strings. These are conceptually similar to a neck and bridge pickup on a guitar. The Clavinet has pickup selector switches, and a solid state
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music throughout the 1960s and 1970s. Modern digital keyboards can emulate the Clavinet sound, but there is also a grass-roots industry of repairers who continue to maintain the instrument.
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features the various pickup switch combinations, but not the mute slider. Ticky Clav 2 is a software emulation of the instrument, providing all the features found on the original boards.
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turns the string vibration into an electric current. The feel of a clavinet comes from the impact of the pad striking its anvil point against the string. This makes the keyboard
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After Hohner stopped producing electro-mechanical clavinets, they used the brand name for electronic and digital keyboards. The "Clavinet DP" was applied to a range of
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312:. The first prototype model, the Claviphon, was manufactured in 1961. It used the string harp found on later production models, with a Pianet keyboard.
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Seven different models of the Clavinet were produced from 1964 to 1982. Originally, Hohner intended the instrument for home use and for late Medieval,
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The Clavinet C was introduced in 1968. It has a slimmer case than the I or II, and is finished in red vinyl, which was popular with contemporary
408:
had become popular, and electromechanical keyboards were beginning to fall out of fashion. The final models were manufactured in 1982.
389:. The two right switches are marked "AB" and "CD" and control which pickups are selected. On the right was a mechanical mute slider.
420:. Though Zacharias approved of the instrument, they were designed for the home market, and made no attempt to emulate the original.
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output to be fed to an amplifier. The volume of the preamplifier can be set by a control to the left of the keyboard.
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Though some musicians insist on using a real Clavinet, many modern keyboards provide a suitable emulation. The
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Although originally intended for home use, the Clavinet became popular on stage, and could be used to create
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Parts of a Clavinet. 1. Tuning 2. Damper 3. Tangent 4. Anvil 5. Key 6. String 7. Pickup 8. Tailpiece
1235:"Feel the funk all over again with Ticky Clav 2, a remastered version of the free Clavinet plugin"
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The early Clavinet I and II models were not designed for stage use, and would easily cause
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which allows a different volume for each note like a piano and clavichord, along with
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550:) features the line "You know your baby loves you, more than I love my Clavinet".
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makes prominent use of the instrument. The track "Sweet Little Girl" (on 1972's
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Zacharias revitalised the company's product range, introducing the Cembalet and
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1316:""'It sounds like Parliament on a bad day' – the making of 'The Funky Gibbon'"
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recording to feature the Clavinet was the Termites' "Attractive Girl" (1967).
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The clavinet L was also introduced in 1968. This was a domestic model with a
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box. This is a particularly popular setup when playing funk. Other suitable
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uses the Clavinet (with the Castle Bar modification, similar to a guitar's
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738:" (both 1975). Late seventies hit singles to feature a Clavinet include
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1447:"What the funk? Lachy Doley gives us a rundown of his Whammy Clav"
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replacement is only possible by taking them from a similar model.
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1421:"Van Der Graaf Generator: "Things went a bit mad after a while""
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music, often played through a wah-wah pedal. It can be heard on
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The Clavinet D6, the most popular model, was introduced in 1971.
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A Hohner Clavinet played through effects units and an amplifier
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Music engineering: the electronics of playing and recording
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530:" (1968). As well as "Superstition", other tracks such as "
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304:. He was particularly interested in producing an electric
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By the time the E7 and Clavinet Duo were being produced,
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The Billboard Book of Number One Rhythm & Blues Hits
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Classic Keys: Keyboard sounds that launched rock music
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instrument that is usually used in conjunction with a
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Hohner Clavinet videos, soundsamples & schematics
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used the Clavinet as his main keyboard instrument on
264:. Most clavinets have two sets of pickups encased in
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sounds on a keyboard. It is strongly associated with
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used a Clavinet on several songs, such as his own "
1558:A Look Inside Lachy Doley's WHAMMY CLAV (Clavinet)
670:played a Clavinet fed through a wah-wah pedal on "
224:. Most models have 60 keys ranging from F1 to E6.
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652:" (1980) is driven by a Clavinet riff played by
621:featured the Clavinet prominently on the albums
1568:Manufacturers replacement parts for Clavinets
1088:"Clavinet-Erfinder Ernst Zacharias gestorben"
700:and solo, using the Castle Bar modification.
554:battery instead of mains power, as it avoids
284:The Clavinet was designed by German engineer
1588:Electric and electronic keyboard instruments
696:regularly used a Clavinet when playing with
934:"Ernst Zacharias & The Hohner Clavinet"
534:" are led by the Clavinet played through a
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656:, as is Wonder's Marley-influenced track "
518:The Clavinet is strongly associated with
453:that can be used with a Clavinet include
1476:Lenhoff, Alan; Robertson, David (2019).
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522:, particularly his 1972 number-one hit "
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441:The Clavinet is often played through a
385:, while "Medium" and "Soft" activate a
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1387:. Billboard Books. 1993. p. 278.
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764:) as one of his main instruments. His
1553:The Hohner Clavinet Resource Homepage
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18:Electric keyboard musical instrument
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1522:Vail, Mark; Carson, Barry (2000).
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615:Doo Doo Doo Doo Doo (Heartbreaker)
14:
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637:regularly played the instrument.
260:, which have pads plucking metal
177:", and was regularly featured in
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1482:University of North Texas Press
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660:", played by Wonder himself.
514:playing a Clavinet D6 in 2006
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1408:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
1331:"Billy Preston 'Outa-Space'"
1302:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
1290:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
1196:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
1148:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
1133:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
1118:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
1094:(in German). August 21, 2020
1075:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
1058:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
1046:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
990:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
971:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
959:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
912:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
895:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
874:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
862:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
816:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
804:Lenhoff & Robertson 2019
538:filter pedal, and the album
244:as the string is stretched.
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773:wah-wah pedal, then into a
433:, in a similar manner to a
10:
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736:Love Will Keep Us Together
680:Emerson, Lake & Palmer
646:Bob Marley and the Wailers
423:
288:. He grew up listening to
252:keyboard instruments, the
20:
1355:Ashworth, Steven (2008).
689:Pictures at an Exhibition
678:played the instrument on
585:The Clavinet was used in
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528:Shoo-Be-Doo-Be-Doo-Da-Day
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658:Master Blaster (Jammin')
633:(1975), and both he and
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146:and manufactured by the
21:Not to be confused with
1499:Brice, Richard (2001).
1357:Learn to Play Keyboards
818:, p. 244, 246–247.
706:Van der Graaf Generator
601:'s "A Joyful Process".
570:played the clavinet on
406:polyphonic synthesizers
234:electro-magnetic pickup
1060:, p. 252,256–257.
1027:Vail & Carson 2000
1002:Vail & Carson 2000
835:Vail & Carson 2000
732:Captain & Tennille
722:played a Clavinet on "
558:and associated noise.
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1583:Amplified instruments
1209:"Clavia Nord Stage 3"
566:In 1975, keyboardist
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1524:Vintage Synthesizers
1304:, pp. 246, 257.
876:, pp. 134, 259.
1410:, pp. 257–258.
1241:. February 27, 2019
973:, pp. 250–251.
752:You Make Loving Fun
724:Trampled Under Foot
686:", heard on 1971's
672:Up on Cripple Creek
216:The Clavinet is an
97:Related instruments
44:Keyboard instrument
30:
1427:. November 2, 2018
1004:, p. 273-274.
650:Could You Be Loved
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445:or fed through an
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222:keyboard amplifier
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28:
1537:978-0-879-30603-8
1514:978-0-750-65040-3
1491:978-1-57441-776-0
1394:978-0-823-08285-8
1370:978-1-610-58368-8
1164:"Hohner Clavinet"
1092:Keyboard Magazine
609:" (1972) and the
218:electromechanical
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1505:Elsevier Science
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1174:on June 19, 2018
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576:The Funky Gibbon
547:Music of My Mind
383:high-pass filter
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1363:. p. 234.
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578:" performed by
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387:low-pass filter
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286:Ernst Zacharias
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160:Renaissance-era
144:Ernst Zacharias
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1213:Sound on Sound
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938:Sound on Sound
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775:Fender Deville
619:Herbie Hancock
611:Rolling Stones
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471:audio feedback
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431:bend the pitch
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418:digital pianos
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336:The Clavinet C
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272:that allows a
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59:Classification
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498:Notable users
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1338:. Retrieved
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1215:. March 2018
1212:
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1172:the original
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175:Superstition
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162:clavichord.
156:West Germany
142:invented by
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1456:November 4,
1431:November 5,
1329:Hogan, Ed.
1245:November 2,
1239:Music Radar
1219:November 2,
1178:October 19,
1098:November 3,
944:November 3,
940:. June 2016
777:amplifier.
758:Lachy Doley
698:Frank Zappa
694:George Duke
635:Chick Corea
627:(1973) and
580:The Goodies
568:Dave MacRae
536:Mu-Tron III
465:Maintenance
451:stomp boxes
435:tremolo arm
193:Description
150:company of
71:Chordophone
53:Clav, Clavi
50:Other names
1577:Categories
1263:Brice 2001
847:Brice 2001
781:References
762:whammy bar
740:Steely Dan
726:", as did
684:Nut Rocker
674:" (1969).
654:Earl Lindo
640:The first
617:" (1973).
607:Outa-Space
599:Funkadelic
572:Bill Oddie
492:Nord Stage
306:clavichord
280:Background
274:line level
242:aftertouch
152:Trossingen
139:clavichord
112:clavichord
786:Citations
630:Man-Child
574:'s song "
362:trapezoid
310:Wurlitzer
230:hammer on
137:electric
1335:AllMusic
714:(1975).
711:Godbluff
664:The Band
447:auto wah
254:Cembalet
238:weighted
133:Clavinet
118:Builders
104:Cembalet
66:Keyboard
29:Clavinet
23:Clarinet
1469:Sources
1451:Mixdown
766:YouTube
424:Effects
355:ashtray
322:Baroque
110:, Duo,
1534:
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746:" and
642:reggae
597:" and
595:Use Me
562:Others
486:Clones
459:chorus
455:phaser
316:Models
302:Pianet
258:Pianet
250:Hohner
187:reggae
148:Hohner
135:is an
124:Hohner
108:Pianet
1425:Uncut
368:1970s
328:1960s
266:epoxy
262:reeds
91:F1–E6
1532:ISBN
1509:ISBN
1486:ISBN
1458:2021
1433:2021
1389:ISBN
1365:ISBN
1342:2019
1247:2021
1221:2021
1180:2018
1100:2021
946:2021
750:'s "
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179:rock
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