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Climatological normals are used as an average or baseline to evaluate climate events and provide context for year-to-year variability. Normals can be calculated for a variety of weather variables including temperature and precipitation and rely on data from
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in 1872. The use of the 30-year period of normals began in 1935 with the 1901-30 period. The continued use of 30 year normals has increasingly been called into question due to substantial evidence that the
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Annual U.S. temperature compared to the 20th-century average for each U.S. Climate
Normals period from 1901–1930 to 1991–2020.
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292:"The Definition of the Standard WMO Climate Normal: The Key to Deriving Alternative Climate Normals"
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are overlapping periods updated every decade: 1971–2000, 1981–2010, 1991–2020, etc.
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185:(11). American Meteorological Society: 1687–1697. 1 November 2012.
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of climate statistics can no longer be taken for granted due to
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10.1175/1520-0477(1989)070<0602:SDOC>2.0.CO;2
35:) is a 30-year average of a weather variable for a given
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59:. Variability from the 30-year averages is typical and
149:"WMO Guidelines on the Calculation of Climate Normals"
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The term "normal" first appeared in the literature by
175:"NOAA's 1981–2010 U.S. Climate Normals: An Overview"
290:Arguez, Anthony; Vose, Russell S. (1 June 2011).
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302:(6). American Meteorological Society: 699–704.
296:Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
230:Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
179:Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
343:National Centers for Environmental Information
74:in 1840 and the concept was formalized by the
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138:; WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE? Michigan Sea Grant
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339:"Defining Climate Normals in New Ways"
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129:Climate Variability and Climate Change
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226:"Statistical Descriptors of Climate"
63:looks at the magnitude of extremes.
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153:World Meteorological Organization
65:Climatological standard normals
375:Climate and weather statistics
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224:Guttman, Nathaniel B. (1989).
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72:Heinrich Wilhelm Dove
45:meteorological season
25:Climatological normal
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308:2011BAMS...92..699A
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191:2012BAMS...93.1687A
61:climate variability
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107:Seasonality
102:Climatology
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236:(6): 602.
113:References
260:1520-0477
369:Category
132:Archived
91:See also
304:Bibcode
238:Bibcode
187:Bibcode
353:3 July
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155:. 2017
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