1017:
1257:
1757:
1800:
1281:
1475:
1826:
1305:
152:
1596:
1560:
1196:
1720:
1403:
1366:
1354:
1269:
1245:
1427:
992:
1584:
1451:
1378:
1813:
1329:
1293:
1160:
1745:
1500:
1220:
1512:
1232:
1095:
1683:
1671:
1608:
1391:
1208:
1172:
1632:
1524:
1439:
1415:
1136:
1620:
1548:
1342:
1317:
1536:
1487:
1148:
27:
1769:
1695:
1644:
1463:
1184:
1733:
1004:
1086:
However, the candidates "at the water mark" of a given party are in the position of either losing or winning their seat depending on the number of votes the party gets. "The water mark" is the number of seats a specific party can be expected to achieve. The number of seats that the party wins, combined with the candidates' positions on the party's list, will then determine whether a particular candidate will get a seat.
1708:
1572:
1085:
In closed list systems, each political party has pre-decided who will receive the seats allocated to that party in the elections, so that the candidates positioned highest on this list tend to always get a seat in the parliament while the candidates positioned very low on the closed list will not.
1081:
also use closed lists in their party list component. Many countries, however have changed their electoral systems to use open lists to incorporate personalised representation to their proportional systems.
2016:
975:
659:
678:
1069:
as a whole; thus they have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected. If voters had some influence, that would be called an
1045:
882:
2092:
2008:
2702:
1915:
1851:
2542:
2310:
736:
2438:
2290:
768:
630:
625:
2537:
2315:
1038:
731:
2300:
2085:
1074:
413:
1889:
2664:
1952:
937:
188:
91:
2347:
1261:
63:
1031:
2078:
932:
110:
2532:
2478:
1098:
Countries using closed-lists as of 2022 in the electoral system of their legislature (unicameral, or lower chamber)
922:
672:
643:
583:
70:
1804:
2659:
2330:
1977:
654:
179:
2682:
2458:
1285:
717:
48:
781:
359:
344:
329:
77:
2501:
2486:
2305:
595:
518:
439:
44:
2295:
2552:
2275:
2265:
2126:
960:
407:
389:
230:
59:
2517:
2208:
1830:
1309:
851:
834:
801:
565:
553:
523:
324:
282:
215:
2567:
2522:
2468:
2380:
1911:
1564:
1200:
707:
700:
184:
2038:
2557:
2443:
2401:
2320:
2245:
2181:
2139:
2064:
1724:
761:
689:
541:
528:
511:
488:
466:
429:
419:
970:
2582:
2572:
2547:
2363:
2240:
2176:
1431:
1407:
1370:
1358:
1273:
1249:
887:
741:
424:
37:
856:
2623:
2562:
2425:
1817:
1588:
1479:
1455:
1382:
1333:
1164:
1078:
916:
796:
726:
533:
2368:
2527:
2448:
2213:
1749:
1516:
1504:
1297:
1236:
1224:
824:
664:
548:
354:
333:
265:
243:
2597:
2166:
1699:
1687:
1675:
1636:
1612:
1528:
1443:
1419:
1395:
1212:
1176:
1140:
955:
942:
910:
174:
8:
2577:
2171:
1761:
1737:
1624:
1552:
1540:
1491:
1346:
1321:
1152:
861:
695:
348:
84:
2618:
2228:
2186:
1773:
1712:
1576:
1467:
1256:
1188:
1021:
892:
503:
287:
1109: Proportional representation: countries where only some parties use a closed-list
2587:
2496:
2453:
2373:
2218:
2203:
2161:
1600:
1280:
1066:
1062:
1016:
927:
897:
819:
756:
590:
317:
292:
275:
143:
2628:
2260:
2116:
2101:
1881:
1008:
965:
844:
558:
434:
260:
254:
236:
225:
220:
208:
169:
131:
2676:
2592:
2433:
2411:
2223:
2144:
2134:
2112:
1474:
996:
829:
684:
649:
570:
481:
384:
307:
249:
127:
1941:
1103: Proportional representation: countries where all parties use a closed-list
2491:
2196:
2156:
1789:
866:
806:
791:
602:
471:
446:
297:
2696:
2235:
1825:
1304:
875:
575:
363:
201:
164:
139:
2250:
2191:
1856:
1846:
1559:
1195:
615:
379:
372:
302:
2055:
151:
2633:
2396:
2335:
2255:
2151:
1861:
1799:
1719:
1648:
493:
394:
339:
1663:
Mixed electoral system using closed lists for the proportional component
991:
2406:
2342:
1426:
1402:
1365:
1353:
1268:
1244:
1985:
2643:
2638:
1942:"Post-communism and the abandonment of mixedmember electoral systems"
1812:
1583:
1450:
1377:
1328:
1292:
1159:
1070:
461:
456:
2070:
1094:
26:
2463:
1744:
1511:
1499:
1231:
1219:
712:
2325:
1694:
1682:
1670:
1631:
1607:
1523:
1438:
1414:
1390:
1207:
1171:
1135:
498:
2009:"Legea ALEGERILOR PARLAMENTARE pe LISTE, promulgatÄ de Iohannis"
1121: Mixed-member majoritarian representation with closed-lists
2613:
1756:
1732:
1619:
1547:
1535:
1486:
1341:
1316:
1147:
1003:
2039:"Historic Act strengthens democracy in Wales | GOV.WALES"
1089:
1768:
1707:
1643:
1571:
1462:
1183:
2059:
1595:
1115: Mixed-member proportional systems with closed-lists
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1385:(1992-1997) (Seimas and municipalities' councils)
1073:. Closed list systems are still commonly used in
2694:
1852:List of democracy and elections-related topics
1820:(party block voting in multi-member districts)
1807:(party block voting in multi-member districts)
1783:
1126:
2086:
1039:
2543:Independence of Smith-dominated alternatives
1090:List of countries using closed list systems
1065:where voters can effectively vote for only
2093:
2079:
1727:(mixed-member proportional representation)
1702:(mixed-member proportional representation)
1658:
1046:
1032:
1940:Lundberg, Thomas Carl (22 October 2010).
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
1939:
1093:
2538:Independence of irrelevant alternatives
2316:Sequential proportional approval voting
2006:
2703:Party-list proportional representation
2695:
1075:party-list proportional representation
2100:
2074:
2000:
1921:from the original on 22 November 2015
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
2348:Indirect single transferable voting
1958:from the original on 2 January 2021
16:Variant of party-list voting system
13:
150:
14:
2714:
2049:
1933:
1892:from the original on 28 June 2020
2019:from the original on 2 July 2017
1824:
1811:
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1002:
990:
938:McKelveyâSchofield chaos theorem
584:Semi-proportional representation
216:First preference plurality (FPP)
25:
1882:"Open, Closed and Free Lists â"
36:needs additional citations for
2459:Mixed ballot transferable vote
2031:
2007:Filimon, Paul (20 July 2015).
1970:
1904:
1874:
976:Harsanyi's utilitarian theorem
933:Moulin's impossibility theorem
898:Conflicting majorities paradox
1:
1867:
802:Frustrated majorities paradox
2660:Comparison of voting systems
2502:Satisfaction approval voting
2487:Single non-transferable vote
2306:Proportional approval voting
971:Condorcet dominance theorems
911:Social and collective choice
7:
2266:Graduated majority judgment
2065:Open, Closed and Free Lists
1840:
1784:Majoritarian representation
1127:Proportional representation
637:By mechanism of combination
408:Proportional representation
10:
2719:
2518:Condorcet winner criterion
2209:First-past-the-post voting
835:Multiple districts paradox
566:Fractional approval voting
554:Interactive representation
2673:
2665:Voting systems by country
2652:
2606:
2568:Mutual majority criterion
2523:Condorcet loser criterion
2510:
2477:
2469:Vote linkage mixed system
2424:
2389:
2381:Largest remainders method
2356:
2283:
2274:
2125:
2108:
1061:describes the variant of
782:Paradoxes and pathologies
631:Mixed-member proportional
626:Mixed-member majoritarian
621:By results of combination
512:Approval-based committees
2558:Majority loser criterion
2444:Additional member system
2402:Hagenbach-Bischoff quota
2321:Single transferable vote
2246:Positional voting system
2182:Minimax Condorcet method
2140:Combined approval voting
1978:"Elections - GRN Portal"
1239:(depending on the party)
961:Condorcet's jury theorem
762:Double simultaneous vote
737:Ruralâurban proportional
732:Dual-member proportional
694:
683:
650:Parallel (superposition)
542:Fractional social choice
529:Expanding approvals rule
358:
343:
328:
259:
248:
224:
2583:Resolvability criterion
2573:Participation criterion
2548:Later-no-harm criterion
2364:Highest averages method
1659:Mixed electoral systems
1079:mixed electoral systems
888:Tyranny of the majority
665:Fusion (majority bonus)
482:Quota-remainder methods
2624:First-preference votes
2563:Monotonicity criterion
2533:Independence of clones
2236:Simple majoritarianism
1123:
1022:Mathematics portal
928:Majority impossibility
917:Impossibility theorems
713:Negative vote transfer
534:Method of equal shares
155:
2528:Consistency criterion
2449:Alternative vote plus
2214:Instant-runoff voting
1949:University of Glasgow
1792:) with a closed list
1097:
825:Best-is-worst paradox
814:Pathological response
549:Direct representation
202:Single-winner methods
154:
2598:Seats-to-votes ratio
2369:Webster/Sainte-LaguĂŤ
1788:Party block voting (
1009:Economics portal
956:Median voter theorem
175:Comparative politics
45:improve this article
2578:Plurality criterion
2177:KemenyâYoung method
1833:(electoral college)
997:Politics portal
708:Vote linkage system
679:Seat linkage system
266:Ranked-choice (RCV)
2619:Election threshold
2553:Majority criterion
2229:Supplementary vote
1262:Dominican Republic
1124:
1063:party-list systems
893:Discursive dilemma
852:Lesser evil voting
727:Supermixed systems
430:Largest remainders
288:Round-robin voting
156:
2690:
2689:
2588:Reversal symmetry
2497:Cumulative voting
2479:Semi-proportional
2454:Mixed single vote
2420:
2419:
2296:Mixed single vote
2204:Exhaustive ballot
2167:Copeland's method
2162:Condorcet methods
2102:Electoral systems
1286:Equatorial Guinea
1067:political parties
1056:
1055:
943:Gibbard's theorem
883:Dominance paradox
820:Perverse response
524:Phragmen's method
390:Majority judgment
318:Positional voting
276:Condorcet methods
144:electoral systems
121:
120:
113:
95:
2710:
2629:Liquid democracy
2281:
2280:
2261:Two-round system
2172:Dodgson's method
2095:
2088:
2081:
2072:
2071:
2056:Country profiles
2043:
2042:
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2026:
2024:
2004:
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1993:
1984:. Archived from
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1380:
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1368:
1357:
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1332:
1331:
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1272:
1271:
1260:
1259:
1248:
1247:
1235:
1234:
1223:
1222:
1211:
1210:
1199:
1198:
1187:
1186:
1175:
1174:
1163:
1162:
1151:
1150:
1139:
1138:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1020:
1019:
1007:
1006:
995:
994:
950:Positive results
845:Strategic voting
742:Majority jackpot
699:
688:
559:Liquid democracy
435:National remnant
425:Highest averages
362:
347:
332:
264:
255:Alternative vote
253:
237:Partisan primary
229:
170:Mechanism design
123:
122:
116:
109:
105:
102:
96:
94:
53:
29:
21:
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2691:
2686:
2669:
2648:
2602:
2593:Smith criterion
2506:
2473:
2434:Parallel voting
2416:
2412:Imperiali quota
2385:
2352:
2270:
2224:Contingent vote
2187:Nanson's method
2145:Unified primary
2135:Approval voting
2121:
2104:
2099:
2052:
2047:
2046:
2041:. 24 June 2024.
2037:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2015:(in Romanian).
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1988:on 21 July 2018
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787:Spoiler effects
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571:Maximal lottery
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519:Thiele's method
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373:Cardinal voting
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308:Maximal lottery
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2219:Coombs' method
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2197:Schulze method
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2157:Bucklin voting
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2067:at Ace Project
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2050:External links
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2013:România LiberÄ
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1790:general ticket
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765:
764:
751:By ballot type
747:
746:
745:
744:
739:
734:
724:
723:
722:
721:
720:
715:
705:
704:
703:
692:
669:
668:
667:
662:
657:
652:
634:
633:
628:
619:
614:
613:
610:
609:
606:
605:
603:Limited voting
600:
599:
598:
579:
578:
573:
568:
563:
562:
561:
556:
537:
536:
531:
526:
521:
507:
506:
501:
496:
491:
477:
476:
475:
474:
472:Localized list
469:
464:
459:
454:
444:
443:
442:
440:Biproportional
437:
432:
427:
411:
406:
405:
402:
401:
398:
397:
392:
387:
382:
368:
367:
352:
337:
313:
312:
311:
310:
305:
300:
295:
285:
271:
270:
269:
268:
257:
244:Instant-runoff
241:
240:
239:
231:Jungle primary
218:
207:Single vote -
205:
200:
199:
196:
195:
193:
192:
182:
177:
172:
167:
161:
158:
157:
147:
146:
136:
135:
119:
118:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2715:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2678:
2672:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2127:Single-winner
2124:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2103:
2096:
2091:
2089:
2084:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2040:
2034:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2003:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1954:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1877:
1873:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1835:
1832:
1831:United States
1827:
1822:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1806:
1805:CĂ´te d'Ivoire
1801:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1778:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1653:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1310:Guinea-Bissau
1306:
1301:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1131:
1096:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1018:
1010:
1005:
1000:
998:
993:
988:
987:
985:
984:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
966:May's theorem
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
953:
952:
951:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
920:
919:
918:
912:
907:
906:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
880:
879:
878:
877:
876:majority rule
874:Paradoxes of
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
849:
848:
847:
846:
836:
833:
832:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
817:
816:
815:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
789:
788:
783:
778:
777:
770:
767:
763:
760:
759:
758:
755:
754:
753:
752:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
729:
728:
725:
719:
716:
714:
711:
710:
709:
706:
702:
697:
693:
691:
686:
682:
681:
680:
677:
676:
675:
674:
670:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
647:
646:
645:
640:
639:
638:
632:
629:
627:
624:
623:
622:
617:
616:Mixed systems
612:
611:
604:
601:
597:
594:
593:
592:
589:
588:
587:
586:
585:
577:
576:Random ballot
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
560:
557:
555:
552:
551:
550:
547:
546:
545:
544:
543:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
516:
515:
514:
513:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
485:
484:
483:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
449:
448:
445:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
422:
421:
420:Apportionment
418:
417:
416:
415:
409:
404:
403:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
377:
376:
375:
374:
365:
361:
356:
355:Antiplurality
353:
350:
346:
341:
338:
335:
331:
326:
323:
322:
321:
320:
319:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
290:
289:
286:
284:
283:Condorcet-IRV
281:
280:
279:
278:
277:
267:
262:
258:
256:
251:
247:
246:
245:
242:
238:
235:
234:
232:
227:
222:
219:
217:
214:
213:
212:
210:
203:
198:
197:
190:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
165:Social choice
163:
162:
160:
159:
153:
149:
148:
145:
141:
140:Social choice
138:
137:
133:
129:
125:
124:
115:
112:
104:
101:February 2009
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62: â
61:
60:"Closed list"
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
2681:
2675:
2291:Mixed-member
2276:Proportional
2251:Score voting
2192:Ranked pairs
2111:Part of the
2110:
2033:
2021:. Retrieved
2012:
2002:
1990:. Retrieved
1986:the original
1981:
1972:
1960:. Retrieved
1948:
1935:
1923:. Retrieved
1906:
1894:. Retrieved
1885:
1876:
1857:Sekihairitsu
1847:Ley de Lemas
1787:
1662:
1565:South Africa
1201:Burkina Faso
1084:
1058:
1057:
949:
948:
915:
873:
872:
857:Exaggeration
843:
842:
813:
812:
786:
750:
749:
718:Mixed ballot
673:Compensatory
671:
644:compensatory
641:
636:
620:
582:
581:
540:
539:
510:
509:
480:
479:
467:List-free PR
451:
412:
380:Score voting
371:
370:
316:
315:
303:Ranked pairs
274:
273:
206:
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
2634:Spoilt vote
2397:Droop quota
2336:Schulze STV
2311:Ruralâurban
2256:STAR voting
2152:Borda count
1925:2 September
1886:ACE Project
1862:Zweitmandat
1776:(1999-2026)
1725:New Zealand
1651:(from 2026)
1336:(1997-2016)
1077:, and most
1059:Closed list
757:Single vote
660:Conditional
655:Coexistence
504:Quota Borda
494:Schulze STV
452:Closed list
395:STAR voting
340:Borda count
2653:Comparison
2407:Hare quota
2357:Allocation
2343:Spare vote
2331:Hare-Clark
2301:Party-list
1982:www.ecn.na
1868:References
1494:(de facto)
1432:Mozambique
1408:Montenegro
1371:Kyrgyzstan
1359:Kazakhstan
1274:East Timor
1250:Costa Rica
862:Truncation
591:Cumulative
414:Party-list
189:By country
180:Comparison
71:newspapers
2644:Unseating
2639:Sortition
2241:Plurality
2117:Economics
1962:2 January
1912:"{title}"
1896:2 January
1818:Singapore
1589:Sri Lanka
1456:Nicaragua
1383:Lithuania
1334:Hong Kong
1298:Guatemala
1165:Argentina
1071:open list
769:Dual-vote
462:Panachage
457:Open list
447:List type
325:Plurality
221:Two-round
209:plurality
132:Economics
2697:Category
2511:Criteria
2464:Scorporo
2113:politics
2017:Archived
1953:Archived
1916:Archived
1890:Archived
1841:See also
1750:Scotland
1517:Portugal
1505:Paraguay
1237:Colombia
1225:Cambodia
489:Hare STV
128:Politics
126:A joint
2683:Project
2374:D'Hondt
2326:CPO-STV
2284:Systems
1992:20 July
1700:Germany
1688:Hungary
1676:Andorra
1637:Uruguay
1613:Tunisia
1529:Romania
1444:Namibia
1420:Morocco
1396:Moldova
1213:Burundi
1177:Armenia
1141:Algeria
499:CPO-STV
349:Baldwin
298:Schulze
293:Minimax
211:methods
85:scholar
2677:Portal
2614:Ballot
2390:Quotas
2119:series
2023:24 May
1762:Taiwan
1738:Russia
1625:Turkey
1553:Serbia
1541:Rwanda
1492:Norway
1347:Israel
1322:Guyana
1153:Angola
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
364:Coombs
134:series
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
2607:Other
2426:Mixed
1956:(PDF)
1945:(PDF)
1919:(PDF)
1774:Wales
1713:Italy
1649:Wales
1577:Spain
1468:Niger
1189:Benin
701:'MMP'
690:'AMS'
92:JSTOR
78:books
2115:and
2060:IFES
2025:2018
1994:2018
1964:2021
1927:2018
1898:2021
1601:Togo
642:Non-
596:SNTV
185:List
142:and
130:and
64:news
2439:MMP
2058:at
360:el.
345:el.
334:IRV
330:el.
47:by
2699::
2680:â
2011:.
1980:.
1951:.
1947:.
1914:.
1888:.
1884:.
696:NZ
685:UK
261:US
250:UK
233:)
226:US
2094:e
2087:t
2080:v
2027:.
1996:.
1966:.
1929:.
1900:.
1047:e
1040:t
1033:v
698::
687::
366:)
357:(
351:)
342:(
336:)
327:(
263::
252::
228::
223:(
191:)
187:(
114:)
108:(
103:)
99:(
89:¡
82:¡
75:¡
68:¡
41:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
