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its valuation of $ 673,000βand shuttered; it had last opened for two weeks in the summer of 1986; it was the last of
Atlantic City's major golden age nightclubs still in operation. When the club closed for good, owner Alten made it clear that the closing was not due to unpaid bills; he referred to it as "going out with its face up". There had been an effort to sell the property for some years. After the sale, many people expressed a wish to save Club Harlem. Atlantic City's mayor at the time,
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in charge of the house band of 14 musicians, which was integrated. The band was well regarded among musicians. It was said that if you were in the Club Harlem band for the summer, you were a fine musician. Young men who wanted to become professionals often quit their regular jobs in summer to play with the Lynch band.
385:'s band would do forty minutes. They'd split sets all night long. And in the large back room you had singers like Sammy Davis with an orchestra. That was an incredible place." Weekends at Club Harlem started on Friday night, with the two bands alternating sets; the music kept going until Monday morning.
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struck the building, and the building was torn down. Fans retrieved the interior furnishings and vintage photographs before the demolition in the hopes of displaying them in a future museum. A historical marker on
Kentucky Avenue commemorates Club Harlem. The building site is now a parking lot where
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called the Sepia Revue featured 12 showgirls dressed in "black high heels, skimpy, sequined dresses, long boas and feathered headgear" dancing with more and more abandon as the "red hot" house band backed them up. Another chorus line called Beige
Beauties also performed artistic dance numbers. There
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Drummer Chris
Columbo, who conducted the club's orchestra for 34 years, remembered that the early morning shows were the most vibrant because the other clubs in town were closed and many of those who were appearing at them were now at Club Harlem jamming with the club's musicians. Johnny Lynch was
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that began at the
Paradise Club and was continued at Club Harlem as the musicians wanted to continue playing. Long-time Atlantic City disc jockey Pinky Kravitz recalled that by 3 a.m., there were up to 1,000 people in line, waiting for the breakfast show to begin. In addition to the show itself, any
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operative by three rival operatives, leaving five dead and 20 wounded, in full view of a show audience estimated at 600 people. The club closed in 1986 and was demolished in 1992. Mementos salvaged from the club are part of a traveling exhibition which has appeared in
Atlantic City and other locales
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The mayor conducted a second raid two weeks later of the Wonder Bar, Little
Belmont and Club Harlem. This raid found no gambling equipment or patrons at any of these clubs. Upon raiding the establishments and finding nothing, Taggart's comment was: "I heard these wise guys were going to try to open
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The club scheduled matinees, nighttime shows, late-night shows, and a 6 a.m. "breakfast show" during the summer tourist season. The music played from 10 p.m. Saturday night to 6 a.m. Monday morning. "Celebrities, politicians, and tourists" often arrived in the early morning hours after the clubs on
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newspaper. The entertainers in question did not want to work at venues catering to
African Americans. After the death of Pop Williams in 1976, Alten's new business partner was businessman Calvin Brock. Alten and Brock refurbished the club, but business was never as good as it had been in the past.
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In 1951 Williams and his brother, Clifton
Williams, brought in other partners, including Ben Alten of the Paradise Club. By 1954, Williams and Alten owned the Club Harlem and the Paradise Club, operating both under joint ownership. The club employed 200 people in 1964. Its busiest time was during
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The club went into a steep decline between the mid-1970s and mid-1980s as the introduction of casino gambling on the
Atlantic City Boardwalk pulled business away from Club Harlem and other nightspots located streetside. In the winter of 1986 it was purchased by a developer for $ 200,000βwell below
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were targeted in a midnight raid by police officers, accompanied by the newly elected mayor, Tom Taggart, seeking proof of illegal gambling activities. The police confiscated "three truckloads of gambling paraphernalia" and arrested 32 club owners and employees, then shut down the four clubs. The
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are in possession of the mementos rescued from the club, including "costumes, posters, ashtrays, the neon sign", and a set of red padded leather double doors illustrated with full-size drawings of Pop Williams and Sammy Davis Jr. The museum has lent the artifacts to a traveling exhibition that
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because "a lot of black people live there". The district, known as "Kentucky Avenue and the Curb", had become the home for African Americans in the racially segregated city since the end of World War I. The new nightspot joined other popular black entertainment venues in the district such as
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to Club Harlem. The elaborate show, featuring 40 to 50 acts including comedians, singers, showgirls, chorus lines, and dance numbers, was headquartered at the club through 1970, and also toured throughout the United States and abroad between the 1940s and 1960s, including venues in
290:, it was a place for the moneyed set to enjoy an evening of African-American entertainment. When the club opened in 1935, there were slot machines along with a basketball court on the top floor of the building. In the 1940s the club became known as Clifton's Club Harlem.
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Club Harlem was outfitted with two lounges and a main showroom seating more than 900. A cocktail lounge had room for 400 guests, with continuous entertainment available. The club was equipped with seven bars; the front bar alone accommodated nearly 100 people. Guitarist
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in New York City for six months and then perform in the summer at the Club Harlem. Racism, however, prohibited many of these performers from appearing at clubs on the south side of town, where white families lived. However, in the 1950s Frank Sinatra came from the
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The shows at the club were choreographed by Larry Steele for many years, along with those of the nearby Paradise Club, and often featured "comedians dressed like clowns, plantation hands, and frumpy old ladies dirty jokes to start things off". A full
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as the two acts who brought the most business into Club Harlem. Alten said the club prevented fights when Sam Cooke performed there by using "Sold Out" signs, which got people to leave without trying to fight to get into the performances.
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was no applause at the club. Guests found long wooden sticks with wooden balls at the end called "table knockers" at their tables. Patrons were to hit the table with their knockers to indicate their appreciation of performances.
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appeared at the Atlantic City Public Library in 2010 under the name "A Pictorial of Club Harlem and the Way We Were". The collection, along with more than 100 historical photographs and newspaper articles, has also traveled to
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conducted the club orchestra for 34 years. Club Harlem was outfitted with seven bars, two lounges and a main showroom seating more than 900. A cocktail lounge had room for 400 guests with continuous entertainment available.
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productions grossed between $ 400,000 and $ 500,000 annually by the early 1960s. Steele also founded the Sepia Revue and Beige Beauties chorus lines at the club. Entertainer
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when he managed to acquire enough money to buy Fitzgerald's; he left college after becoming the owner of the nightclub. Williams gave the new nightclub the name of
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883:"From Glitter To Gloom: A Painful Silence Has Descended Over Atlantic City's Club Harlem, Where The Biggest Names In Show Biz Once Jammed Through The Night"
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Not long after its closing, Alten, an owner of the club for 35 years, reminisced about the performers who brought the most guests to the club. He named
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Club Harlem was founded in 1935 by Leroy "Pop" Williams on the site of a dance hall called Fitzgerald's Auditorium. Williams was a medical student at
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and headquartered at the club from 1946 to 1971, featured 40 to 50 acts and was on a par with Broadway productions. Performers at the club included
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Williams needed a non-African-American partner as he had plans to expand the club; at the time, banks were not lending money to African Americans.
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By 1968, Williams began having difficulty booking some African-American entertainers into the venue. He wrote an open letter to baseball star
346:. Alten described the club's most profitable time as being between 1959 and 1977. On the weekends, between 20 and 25 buses from areas in the
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330:, Canada. The budget for the "Smart Affairs" shows ran as high as US$ 35,000 per week. The shows were on a par with Broadway productions.
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For more than 50 years, the Harlem was the place in Atlantic City to see the best shows, hear the best musicians and have the best time.
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193:. Founded in 1935 by Leroy "Pop" Williams, it was the city's premier club for black jazz performers. Like its Harlem counterpart, the
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Taggart began the action by calling 40 policemen into his office, strapping on a revolver and stating, "Come on, we're going places."
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The African American Heritage Museum of Southern New Jersey, founded by Ralph Hunter, and the Noyes Arts Garage at
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Top-name black musicians also dropped by "to jam and develop their skills". Musician Kelly Swaggerty, who was with
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recalled in his biography: "In the front room at Club Harlem you had two stages for two different groups.
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This article is about the former nightclub in Atlantic City, New Jersey. For other uses, see
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The leading black entertainers of the day appeared at Club Harlem, including comedians
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to Club Harlem to perform with Sammy Davis, Jr., and sang with Davis, a member of the
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Pop Williams died in 1976. Alten continued to own the club until it was sold in 1987.
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In the offseason, the club accommodated community fundraisers and teen talent shows.
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1060:"Business 'Going On As Usual' After Sepia Night Life Circle Raids in Atlantic City"
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celebrities sitting in the audience were called up to the stage and would perform.
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and Jeree Wade, who each performed at Club Harlem in different decades, made its
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Tappin' at the Apollo: The African American Female Tap Dance Duo Salt and Pepper
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was discovered by Sammy Davis, Jr. while working in Club Harlem's chorus line.
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984:"On Kentucky Avenue β A Celebration of Atlantic City's Historic Club Harlem"
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Club Harlem was the site of the 1972 Easter morning assassination of the
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In July 1940, Club Harlem, Little Belmont, the Paradise Club, and the
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1388:"'Club Harlem Revue' evokes a glamorous time in A.C. this weekend"
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The club served as one of the filming locations for the 1980 film
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Club Harlem was the site of the 1972 Easter morning shootout of a
1877:"Montclair couple bring Atlantic City's Club Harlem back to life"
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Boardwalk of Dreams: Atlantic City and the Fate of Urban America
1969:
Clifford Brown: The Life and Art of the Legendary Jazz Trumpeter
1902:"ON KENTUCKY AVENUE Revue to Begin Performances 2/2 at Stage 72"
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the white side of town had closed, and white performers such as
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Growing Up in the Other Atlantic City: Wash's and the Northside
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1851:"Doors of Atlantic City Club Harlem to open in Newark exhibit"
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arrived, bringing guests who wanted to see the club's shows.
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Philadelphia's Black Mafia: A Social and Political History
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On Kentucky Avenue β The Atlantic City Club Harlem Revue
1497:. The Atlantic City Free Public Library. Archived from
1466:. The Atlantic City Free Public Library. Archived from
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1178:"Many Top Stars Have Been Featured in 'Smart Affairs'"
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1202:"A Man's Dream Mushroomed Into Country's Finest Club"
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Sokolic, William H.; Ruffolo, Robert E. Jr. (2006).
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A private recording of the performance still exists.
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next day the clubs were open for business as usual.
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790:. Atlantic City Free Public Library. Archived from
430:'s band at the time, remembered a jam session with
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534:has stated that as a younger man he would play at
2195:Demolished buildings and structures in New Jersey
2116:Tales of South Jersey: Profiles and Personalities
136:Leroy "Pop" Williams, Clifton Williams, Ben Alten
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216:(who would also invite the white members of the
2011:Here and Now!: The Autobiography of Pat Martino
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1047:. Associated Press. July 29, 1940. p. 12.
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2190:Buildings and structures demolished in 1992
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1309:"Atlantic City's Club Harlem Opens June 23"
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1156:"Larry Steele's Smart Affairs (1946β1971)"
1118:"Atlantic City Mayor Revisits Three Clubs"
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16:Former Atlantic City, New Jersey nightclub
1993:. Springer Science & Business Media.
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1252:. May 1, 1987. p. 17. Archived from
788:"Places in Prohibition Era Atlantic City"
2050:Raheem, Turiya S. A. (7 December 2009).
1965:
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1625:. Dave Frank Master Class, accessed via
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2170:Nightclubs in Atlantic City, New Jersey
2165:Jazz clubs in Atlantic City, New Jersey
2007:
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1823:Rosenberg, Amy S. (February 23, 2010).
1785:"Atlantic City longs for Harlem nights"
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1039:"Mayor Leads Atlantic City Raid Squads"
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2200:African-American history of New Jersey
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1345:Robinson, Jackie (February 24, 1968).
1289:. Johnson Publishing: 58. May 13, 1954
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1929:"Boardwalk Xanadu: Time and Place in
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1200:Pitts, George E. (February 8, 1964).
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834:"Harlem Nocturne: Requiem For A Club"
832:Bykofsky, Stuart D. (March 3, 1987).
313:introduced an all-black revue called
2185:1986 disestablishments in New Jersey
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1783:Weaver, Donna (September 20, 2014).
1728:"Four Killed By Gunfire In Drug War"
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643:Kentucky Avenue Renaissance Festival
530:" at Club Harlem in 1942. Guitarist
342:the tourist season from mid June to
1811:
1347:"Why Some Blacks Won't Help Others"
1098:Caution, Russell (August 3, 1940).
851:
692:2013. It plays every few months at
185:at 32 North Kentucky Avenue in the
58:
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958:"Benjamin Alten; Club Harlem Boss"
956:Dougherty, Frank (April 3, 1991).
357:, who had a regular column in the
14:
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2180:1935 establishments in New Jersey
1927:San Filippo, Maria (April 2001).
1849:Previti, Emily (March 16, 2011).
982:Cohen, Alix (February 21, 2016).
381:would do forty minutes, and then
2175:Defunct jazz clubs in New Jersey
2113:Waltzer, Jim; Wilk, Tom (2001).
1749:
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1386:Mangum, Sekia (March 25, 2015).
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1649:"Lonnie Smith β Move Your Hand"
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1058:Rowe, Billy (August 10, 1940).
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881:Russell, Don (July 28, 1987).
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522:. Daniels first performed his
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1:
1623:"An Evening with Pat Martino"
1579:Kent, Bill (August 4, 1996).
1158:. BlackPast.org. 5 March 2014
1124:. August 10, 1940. p. 19
1100:"Night Clubs at Shore Raided"
774:
2119:. Rutgers University Press.
1702:The Washington Afro-American
721:Fitzgerald's closed in 1933.
599:Gladys Knight & the Pips
282:, the Wintergarten, and the
7:
2077:. Oxford University Press.
2032:Last Stage Manager Standing
1972:. Oxford University Press.
1875:Orel, Gwen (May 14, 2014).
1553:. July 13, 1998. p. 53
1315:. June 18, 1955. p. 20
1006:"Shore Mayor Conducts Raid"
10:
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2134:Willis, Cheryl M. (2016).
2029:Morgan, Daniel B. (2014).
1959:
1931:The King of Marvin Gardens
1825:"Hot Club Harlem Memories"
1734:. April 4, 1972. p. 1
1715:Sokolic & Ruffolo 2006
1012:. July 29, 1940. p. 3
613:Final years and demolition
348:Northeastern United States
275:the Manhattan neighborhood
271:University of Pennsylvania
264:
18:
1829:The Philadelphia Inquirer
1704:. 5 July 1952. p. 8.
888:The Philadelphia Inquirer
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402:The Philadelphia Inquirer
191:Atlantic City, New Jersey
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86:Atlantic City, New Jersey
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71:Location in Atlantic City
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1853:. Press of Atlantic City
1787:. Press of Atlantic City
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547:, back at the 500 Club.
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83:32 North Kentucky Avenue
2095:Atlantic City Revisited
2035:. Page Publishing Inc.
1966:Catalano, Nick (2001).
1806:Waltzer & Wilk 2001
1550:Doyletown Intelligencer
1464:"Kentucky Avenue Magic"
1429:Waltzer & Wilk 2001
962:Philadelphia Daily News
914:Waltzer & Wilk 2001
838:Philadelphia Daily News
551:recorded a live album,
200:An elaborate all-black
21:Harlem (disambiguation)
2098:. Arcadia Publishing.
2071:Simon, Bryant (2004).
1987:Griffin, S.P. (2006).
1351:The Pittsburgh Courier
1313:The Pittsburgh Courier
1206:The Pittsburgh Courier
423:would go up on stage.
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286:. Along with Harlem's
280:Grace's Little Belmont
187:Northside neighborhood
2008:Martino, Pat (2011).
1581:"A Jazz-Age Survivor"
1256:on September 10, 2016
986:. womanaroundtown.com
645:is held each summer.
502:; and jazz musicians
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320:San Juan, Puerto Rico
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117:39.35972Β°N 74.42972Β°W
1698:"About the Chorines"
1393:Atlantic City Weekly
1246:"Future Parking Lot"
1186:: 78. February 1960.
528:That Old Black Magic
1908:. December 27, 2013
1732:The Cumberland News
1122:Hanover Evening Sun
690:Black History Month
655:Stockton University
636:In December 1992 a
324:Adelaide, Australia
297:Club Harlem in 1940
250:Crazy Chris Columbo
122:39.35972; -74.42972
113: /
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2014:. Backbeat Books.
1586:The New York Times
1065:Pittsburgh Courier
794:on August 19, 2016
360:Pittsburgh Courier
299:
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2147:978-1-4766-2315-3
2105:978-0-7385-4904-0
2084:978-0-19-803744-6
2063:978-1-4500-0756-6
2042:978-1-63417-071-0
2021:978-1-61713-079-3
1979:978-0-19-514400-0
1808:, pp. 18β19.
1766:, pp. 32β33.
1522:, pp. 71β72.
1501:on August 9, 2016
1470:on August 9, 2016
1104:The Afro-American
931:, pp. 97β98.
309:In 1947, showman
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40:Club Harlem, 1964
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238:Teddy Pendegrass
226:Dinah Washington
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1283:"Entertainment"
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1106:. pp. 1β2.
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762:
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716:
711:
651:
615:
567:Aretha Franklin
559:Harry Belafonte
536:Smalls Paradise
516:Wild Bill Davis
504:Louis Armstrong
480:Ella Fitzgerald
408:
405:, July 28, 1987
399:
391:
370:
355:Jackie Robinson
267:
246:Wild Bill Davis
214:Sammy Davis Jr.
121:
119:
115:
112:
107:
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100:
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2005:
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1955:
1919:
1906:Broadway World
1893:
1864:
1841:
1810:
1798:
1768:
1756:
1744:Newspapers.com
1719:
1707:
1689:
1677:
1675:, p. 150.
1662:
1640:
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1612:, p. 225.
1599:
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1375:
1363:Newspapers.com
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1300:
1274:
1250:Altoona Mirror
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1078:Newspapers.com
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650:
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583:Dionne Warwick
554:Move Your Hand
524:signature song
520:Duke Ellington
484:Billie Holiday
476:Billy Eckstine
432:Clifford Brown
392:
390:
387:
379:Willis Jackson
369:
366:
266:
263:
230:Bootsie Barnes
208:, produced by
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2149:
2143:
2140:. McFarland.
2139:
2138:
2132:
2128:
2126:0-8135-3007-5
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2017:
2013:
2012:
2006:
2002:
2000:0-306-48132-4
1996:
1992:
1991:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1935:Atlantic City
1932:
1923:
1907:
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1779:
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1760:
1752:
1745:
1733:
1729:
1723:
1717:, p. 67.
1716:
1711:
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1699:
1693:
1687:, p. 53.
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1575:
1567:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1540:
1534:, p. 72.
1533:
1532:Catalano 2001
1528:
1521:
1520:Catalano 2001
1516:
1500:
1496:
1495:"Club Harlem"
1490:
1488:
1486:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1457:
1450:, p. 98.
1449:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1431:, p. 17.
1430:
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1423:
1416:, p. 28.
1415:
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1010:Chester Times
1007:
1001:
985:
978:
963:
959:
952:
946:, p. 52.
945:
940:
938:
930:
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923:
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915:
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702:Atlantic City
697:
695:
691:
688:debut during
687:
686:New York City
683:
680:, created by
679:
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669:
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579:Leslie Uggams
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537:
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512:Nat King Cole
509:
505:
501:
497:
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492:Sarah Vaughan
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
472:Billy Daniels
469:
465:
461:
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448:
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441:
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414:
413:Frank Sinatra
407:
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386:
384:
383:Chris Columbo
380:
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362:
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339:
337:
333:
332:Smart Affairs
329:
325:
321:
316:
315:Smart Affairs
312:
307:
304:
295:
291:
289:
285:
284:Paradise Club
281:
276:
272:
262:
259:
254:
251:
247:
243:
242:Hot Lips Page
239:
235:
234:Gladys Knight
231:
227:
223:
219:
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211:
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206:Smart Affairs
203:
198:
196:
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89:United States
87:
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53:
44:
37:
32:
26:
22:
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2115:
2094:
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2010:
1989:
1968:
1946:. Retrieved
1940:
1934:
1930:
1922:
1910:. Retrieved
1905:
1896:
1884:. Retrieved
1855:. Retrieved
1844:
1832:. Retrieved
1828:
1801:
1789:. Retrieved
1764:Griffin 2006
1759:
1742:– via
1736:. Retrieved
1731:
1722:
1710:
1701:
1692:
1680:
1653:. Retrieved
1643:
1631:. Retrieved
1617:
1590:. Retrieved
1584:
1574:
1555:. Retrieved
1548:
1539:
1527:
1515:
1503:. Retrieved
1499:the original
1472:. Retrieved
1468:the original
1414:Martino 2011
1409:
1397:. Retrieved
1391:
1361:– via
1355:. Retrieved
1353:. p. 24
1350:
1340:
1323:– via
1317:. Retrieved
1312:
1303:
1291:. Retrieved
1286:
1277:
1258:. Retrieved
1254:the original
1249:
1216:– via
1210:. Retrieved
1205:
1181:
1172:
1160:. Retrieved
1126:. Retrieved
1121:
1112:
1103:
1093:
1076:– via
1070:. Retrieved
1068:. p. 20
1063:
1053:
1042:
1033:
1014:. Retrieved
1009:
1000:
988:. Retrieved
977:
965:. Retrieved
961:
951:
892:. Retrieved
886:
841:. Retrieved
837:
796:. Retrieved
792:the original
782:
763:
754:
745:
735:
726:
717:
700:
698:
677:
676:
660:Philadelphia
652:
635:
627:
616:
608:
596:
587:
552:
549:Lonnie Smith
500:Ethel Waters
468:Cab Calloway
464:Slappy White
456:George Kirby
452:Dick Gregory
449:
445:
428:Tadd Dameron
425:
417:Milton Berle
409:
400:
398:
394:
371:
358:
352:
340:
331:
314:
311:Larry Steele
308:
300:
268:
261:since 2010.
255:
222:Dick Gregory
210:Larry Steele
205:
199:
178:
177:
25:
2056:. Xlibris.
1673:Raheem 2009
1610:Morgan 2014
1448:Willis 2016
1208:. p. 5
929:Willis 2016
619:Black Mafia
591:chorus line
575:Marvin Gaye
563:Ray Charles
532:Pat Martino
508:Count Basie
460:Moms Mabley
421:Lenny Bruce
375:Pat Martino
368:Description
336:Lola Falana
288:Cotton Club
258:Black Mafia
195:Cotton Club
179:Club Harlem
120: /
95:Coordinates
65:Club Harlem
29:Club Harlem
2159:Categories
1948:August 28,
1685:Simon 2004
1592:August 11,
1557:August 28,
1260:August 28,
1128:August 28,
1016:August 28,
944:Simon 2004
775:References
740:up again."
638:nor'easter
631:James Usry
623:Billy Paul
488:Lena Horne
466:; singers
440:Joe Gordon
436:Art Farmer
303:Wonder Bar
248:. Drummer
108:74Β°25β²47β³W
105:39Β°21β²35β³N
1912:August 5,
1886:August 5,
1857:August 5,
1834:August 5,
1791:August 1,
1738:August 4,
1655:August 1,
1629:, 1 hr 15
1505:August 2,
1474:August 2,
1399:August 5,
1357:August 2,
1319:August 2,
1293:August 2,
1212:August 2,
1162:August 2,
1072:August 7,
990:August 2,
967:August 2,
894:August 1,
843:August 2,
798:August 4,
668:Baltimore
603:Sam Cooke
571:Redd Foxx
344:Labor Day
183:nightclub
145:Nightclub
1633:July 29,
1545:"Action"
694:Stage 72
545:Rat Pack
541:500 Club
218:Rat Pack
156:900β1000
152:Capacity
1960:Sources
1627:YouTube
1044:The Day
328:Toronto
265:History
204:called
80:Address
2144:
2123:
2102:
2081:
2060:
2039:
2018:
1997:
1976:
1881:NJ.com
672:Newark
670:, and
649:Legacy
581:, and
518:, and
498:, and
462:, and
419:, and
326:, and
244:, and
181:was a
169:Closed
161:Opened
1183:Ebony
709:Notes
389:Shows
202:revue
133:Owner
2142:ISBN
2121:ISBN
2100:ISBN
2079:ISBN
2058:ISBN
2037:ISBN
2016:ISBN
1995:ISBN
1974:ISBN
1950:2016
1933:and
1914:2016
1888:2016
1859:2016
1836:2016
1793:2016
1740:2016
1657:2016
1635:2016
1594:2016
1559:2016
1507:2016
1476:2016
1401:2016
1359:2016
1321:2016
1295:2016
1262:2016
1214:2016
1164:2016
1130:2016
1074:2016
1018:2016
992:2016
969:2016
896:2016
845:2016
800:2016
682:Adam
641:the
601:and
438:and
172:1986
164:1935
141:Type
1287:Jet
220:),
189:of
2161::
1939:.
1904:.
1879:.
1867:^
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1285:.
1248:.
1233:^
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1008:.
960:.
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885:.
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674:.
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232:,
228:,
224:,
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2108:.
2087:.
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2024:.
2003:.
1982:.
1952:.
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1916:.
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1659:.
1637:.
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1561:.
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1365:.
1327:.
1297:.
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898:.
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