43:
50:
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24:
567:, it was excavated into rock, and had a capacity of 10,000 spectators. It had the purpose of serving for the interpretation of theatrical acts of the Classical period. Its recuperation has merited the award in the section of Restoration and Rehabilitation given by the biannual Awards of Architecture of
448:
into Clunia. In fact, it is verified that, towards the end of the 3rd century, the city was burned by
Barbarian tribes. These invasions, as well as economic instability, may have contributed to the inexorable decline of Clunia. Nevertheless, it does not appear that there was a violent and general
449:
destruction; in any event, this preludes the end of the Roman cultural influence in the city of Clunia and its surroundings. Excavations reveal destroyed urban areas in Clunia, which were not rebuilt at the end of the 3rd century. Some limited reconstruction took place during the reigns of
492:. This interest is determined by its urban morphology and by the cultural sequence of the findings that it provides. Also, its ruins are the most representative of all the ones that have been found of the Roman period in the north of the Iberian Peninsula.
479:
Later, the village of Peñalba de Castro was built, which received the meseta of the enclave of Clunia in exchange for water in a time when the value of water was more valuable than the few ruins not yet buried that remained of the abandoned Roman city.
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As in every city, the majority of the space developed in Clunia was occupied by dwellings. The archaeological excavations have permitted the following of the evolution of the domestic town planning and verify some of its most characteristic features.
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of the city, a public square surrounded by porticos. In it political, commercial, judicial and, habitually, also religious, activities unfolded. In Clunia, the forum is not very far from the theater, in whose environs the ruins of three
387:, proclaimed himself emperor, and who in 68 AD took refuge in Clunia during the anti-Neronian revolution. At this town he received news of the death of the emperor and the announcement of his own elevation as emperor by the
322:
in 75 BC; Pompey was forced to leave Clunia partly due to weather conditions there. After resistance by
Sertorius, Pompey finally destroyed what existed of Clunia in 72 BC. Clunia fell under the control of the
612:
grab the attention, the subterranean habitations and the systems of heating of some of these homes. On top of the market in the 17th century, a hermitage of limited artistic value was built, damaging the deposits.
625:, of great dimensions and covered in mosaics somewhat simpler than that of the homes of the forum. Here also is very visible the system of heating of the different thermae rooms, the
495:
The archaeological excavations in the deposit began in 1915. The work resumed in 1931 and 1958, bringing to light the glorious past of one of the principal cities of
781:
282:
Clunia was built from scratch. Unlike other sites conquered by the Romans, Clunia did not occupy the site of an earlier city or town. Clunia boasted two
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whose extension — judging by the archaeological excavation — neared 1.2 square kilometres, this being one of the largest cities of all of Roman
637:
In the subsoil of the city, where no visiting is allowed due to its fragility, are the very interesting systems of water supply and a
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771:
571:
of 2004–2005. The panel of judges highlighted "the respectful recuperation of the theater and the general landscaping treatment."
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690:
98:
711:
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The full conquest of
Visigothic Hispania by the Muslims, the city and its surroundings were conquered by the troops of the
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42:
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during the year 713. Later, Christians repopulated the city in 912, locating their city on the site that the current
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During the 3rd century, a gradual depopulation of the urban nucleus took place which was connected with the
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441:
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and in that of Burgos, including a large quantity of coins, epigraphic ruins, Roman ceramics such as
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402:
was extended during the 1st and 2nd century AD, the same as other cities of the northern plateau of
391:(because of this some essayist added the epithet of Galba to the name of the city). He traveled to
327:
in 56 BC, but subsequently fell again under Roman control, as did the rebelling
Vacceos and
198:
731:
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Clunia constitutes an archaeological enclave of exceptional interest in a collection of the
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299:
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city. Its remains are located on Alto de Castro, at more than 1000 metres above
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503:. The excavations permitted the discovery —after centuries of being hidden— a
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occupies, located where many Roman ruins from the city of Clunia can be seen.
457:, but large parts of the city were uninhabited by the 7th century, during the
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687:
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and a great cloaca, just as important sculptural findings, like an effigy of
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465:
454:
424:, respectively. During its maximum apogee, it is calculated that the city of
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was founded on a mount a short distance from a
Celtiberian settlement called
222:). The city declined during the 3rd century and was largely abandoned by the
113:
100:
388:
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169:
528:
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In the archaeological deposit, the following buildings can be observed:
188:. It was one of the most important Roman cities of the northern half of
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and, from the 1st century BC, served as the capital of a
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with mosaics, streets, ruins of the buildings of the
653:, vol 5. Barcelona: Planeta Editorial, S.A.; 1987.
267:, a Pre-Roman tribe that belonged to the family of
709:Yacimiento arqueológico ˜COLONIA CLVNIA SVLPICIA˜
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727:
725:
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621:With the Roman forum are the ruins of the Roman
367:The city acquired, possibly during the reign of
294:, many taverns and shops,a theater, and a large
176:, between the villages of Peñalba de Castro and
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699:
672:
334:Years later, the city was formally founded
206:. It was located on the road that led from
22:
483:
180:, 2 km away from the latter, in the
154:For other places with the same name, see
782:Archaeological sites in Castile and León
428:came to have around 30,000 inhabitants.
314:, we know that the site was besieged by
273:
579:The center of Romana cities, where the
525:National Archaeological Museum of Spain
364:, who were in charge of their minting.
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346:. It was first granted the status of
561:, one of the largest of its time in
534:
442:decline of the Western Roman Empire
383:after Sulpicius Galba, governor of
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632:
591:crossed, frequently receiving the
398:The splendor of the Roman city of
14:
798:
740:
557:The most significant ruin is the
787:Former populated places in Spain
444:. It is evident that there were
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41:
772:Roman towns and cities in Spain
416:, located in the provinces of
49:
1:
644:
523:, which are preserved at the
507:excavated into rock, various
531:, glass and bronze objects.
360:, on which appear the local
352:, and minted small coinage,
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651:Great Larousse Encyclopedia
338:during the time of Emperor
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553:Theatre of Clunia Sulpicia
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166:Colonia Clunia Sulpicia
69:Colonia Clunia Sulpicia
484:Archaeological remains
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199:Hispania Tarraconensis
318:in his fight against
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66:Alternative name
767:Roman sites in Spain
204:Conventus Cluniensis
114:41.78056°N 3.37056°W
446:Barbarian invasions
379:and the epithet of
263:, belonging to the
110: /
77:Peñalba de Castro,
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777:Province of Burgos
714:2007-08-25 at the
693:2007-08-01 at the
688:The Site of Clunia
440:and the incipient
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194:conventus iuridici
182:province of Burgos
119:41.78056; -3.37056
79:Province of Burgos
57:Shown within Spain
16:
588:decumanus maximus
490:Iberian Peninsula
278:Mosaic at Clunia.
152:
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29:Theater of Clunia
794:
747:Official website
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729:
718:
706:
697:
685:
604:and a macellum (
569:Castile and León
535:Urban morphology
474:Coruña del Conde
410:Asturica Augusta
375:, the status of
216:Asturica Augusta
196:in the province
178:Coruña del Conde
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641:sanctuary.
529:Samian ware
455:Constantine
164:(full name
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93:Coordinates
761:Categories
645:References
459:Visigothic
451:Diocletian
414:Iuliobriga
349:municipium
224:Visigothic
147:Spain.info
138:Site notes
133:Settlement
105:03°22′14″W
102:41°46′50″N
627:hypocaust
422:Cantabria
320:Sertorius
236:Arevacian
202:, called
174:sea level
168:) was an
712:Archived
691:Archived
602:basilica
564:Hispania
521:Dionysus
501:Hispania
497:Hispania
468:general
408:such as
405:Hispania
385:Hispania
381:Sulpicia
340:Tiberius
288:basilica
257:Cluniaco
238:origin.
212:Zaragoza
190:Hispania
74:Location
639:priapic
623:thermae
617:Thermae
610:mosaics
608:). The
559:theater
547:Theater
505:theater
432:Decline
377:colonia
373:Hadrian
358:dupondi
336:ex novo
329:Arevaci
325:Vacceos
300:Jupiter
265:Arevaci
247:Origins
242:History
232:toponym
220:Astorga
143:Website
732:Clunia
657:
606:market
466:Berber
426:Clunia
400:Clunia
316:Pompey
306:Apogee
296:temple
253:Clunia
228:Clunia
226:era.
162:Clunia
17:Clunia
666:Notes
598:domus
593:forum
575:Forum
513:forum
509:domus
461:era.
369:Galba
354:asses
310:From
292:forum
259:, or
230:is a
214:) to
186:Spain
87:Spain
655:ISBN
585:and
517:Isis
453:and
420:and
418:León
393:Rome
356:and
312:Livy
290:, a
286:, a
130:Type
412:or
371:or
234:of
184:in
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271:.
85:,
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218:(
210:(
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31:.
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