Cooperative - Knowledge

2147: 3002:(BECs) are a subset of worker cooperatives that represent a new approach to providing support to the creation of new businesses. Like other business creation support schemes, BEC's enable budding entrepreneurs to experiment with their business idea while benefiting from a secure income. The innovation BECs introduce is that once the businesses are established, the entrepreneurs are not forced to leave and set up independently, but can stay and become full members of the cooperative. The micro-enterprises then combine to form one multi-activity enterprise whose members provide a mutually supportive environment for each other. BECs thus provide budding business people with an easy transition from inactivity to self-employment, but in a collective framework. They open up new horizons for people who have ambition but who lack the skills or confidence needed to set off entirely on their own – or who simply want to carry on an independent economic activity but within a supportive group context. 2407: 2015: 3769:, lawyers have debated whether the relationship between members in the worker cooperative also constitute an employment relationship to which the rules governing pais dependent work are applicable. Some say yes, mainly based on the argument that participation in the management and direction is not incompatible with the condition of subordination and that the individual is subordinated to the majority vote. However, other interpretations say that the link between members and the worker cooperatives is not a labor relation. In many law cases it has been widely adopted that the size of the cooperative is decisive for this question since the personal contribution of members is more important in small cooperatives. 3356:

platforms insofar as they are owned and governed by those who depend on them most—workers, users, and other relevant stakeholders. Proponents of platform cooperativism claim that, by ensuring the financial and social value of a platform circulate among these participants, platform cooperatives will bring about a more equitable and fair digitally mediated economy in contrast with the extractive models of corporate intermediaries. Platform cooperatives differ from traditional cooperatives not only due to their use of digital technologies, but also by their contribution to the

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is the mutual support between WCs. The case of Cooperativa Mondragón is paradigmatic in this sense: during the 80s, some cooperatives were experiencing financial difficulties, and Mondragon redeployed workers in the struggling co-operatives to ones that were better off. Those who were not redeployed were given income assistance that equaled 80% of their salary. The central control structure of Mondragon allowed for this to happen. This would have been unlikely to happen in unorganized and autonomous co-operatives. This same scheme to save employment prevented

4058:, a type of cooperative bank, had five times lower failure rate than other banks during the financial crisis and more than doubled lending to small businesses between 2008 and 2016, from $ 30 billion to $ 60 billion, while lending to small businesses overall during the same period declined by around $ 100 billion. Public trust in credit unions stands at 60%, compared to 30% for big banks and small businesses are five times less likely to be dissatisfied with a credit union than with a big bank. 2789:

Volksbanken-Raiffeisen banks have a market share of approximately 21% of domestic credit and domestic deposits. In the Netherlands, Rabobank holds 34% of deposits, and in France cooperative banks (Crédit Agricole, Crédit Mutuel and BPCE Group) possess more than 59% of domestic credit and 61% of domestic deposits. In Finland, OP financial group holds 35% and 38% of domestic credit and deposits, respectively, and in Canada, Desjardins holds around 42% of domestic deposits and 22% of domestic credit.

13391: 12345: 2506: 3209:(co-operative society of collective interest) is a type of multi-stakeholder co-operative structure introduced in France in 1982. A SCIC must have at least three different categories of members, including users and employees. Other stakeholder groups that may be represented are volunteers, public authorities and other individual or corporate supporters. Voting is on a 'one member, one vote' basis, though voting in colleges is also provided for under certain circumstances. 4779: 756: 12308: 2491: 3687:

whose concerns and interests may be different from those of common members." If the manager is already a worker-member of the cooperative, the problem might be resolved; but if the manager is hired specifically for managerial purposes, some hierarchies can arise. The contradiction with the issue of size comes with the social impact of the cooperative: greater size usually means greater social impact, but also has a toll on internal democracy.

15283: 3675:’s theory concerning cooperatives as: "he cooperative structure alters the socio-economic relations of their members, aligning their interests with one another on the basis of a strong principle of equality. It is this alignment of interests on the basis of equality that gives cooperatives their strongly democratic character." According to Kaswan himself, internal democracy is mostly defined by the type and the size of the cooperative. 4585: 2865: 4938: 1723: 2970:

retention of individual, collective or majority voting rights. A worker cooperative, therefore, has the characteristic that the majority of its workforce owns shares, and the majority of shares are owned by the workforce. Membership is not always compulsory for employees, but generally, only employees can become members either directly (as shareholders) or indirectly through membership of a trust that owns the company.

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Research Alliance found that the three-year survival rate of cooperatives in Alberta to be 81.5% in comparison to 48% for traditional firms. Another report by the aforementioned Research Alliance found that in British Columbia, the five-year survival rates for cooperatives between 2000 and 2010 to be 66.6% in comparison to conventional businesses that had 43% and 39% in the years 1984 and 1993 respectively.

3557:, working conditions are "the core elements of work relationships determined by the social, psychological, and physical factors that influence the workplace and the interaction that employees experience at work" and "typically include the nature of employment, working hours, job characteristics, compensation, work interactions, physical work environment, and written and unwritten work expectations". 2785:

cooperatives in 109 countries in 2016, serving more than 235 million members, with total assets exceeding 1.7 trillion dollars. It is worth noting that the WOCCU's data do not include some major financial cooperative networks in Europe, such as Germany, Finland, France, Denmark, and Italy. In many high-income economies, financial cooperatives hold significant market shares of the banking sector.

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greater strategic emphasis on confronting the larger scales of human organization. As they viewed the capitalist class to be politically, militarily and culturally mobilized for the purpose of maintaining an exploitable working class, they fought in the early 20th century to appropriate from the capitalist class the society's collective political capacity in the form of

2166:). The cooperative provided a cheap loan from funds generated by regular savings for members of the cooperative. Members of cooperative had to commit to a moral life and had to plant two trees in a public place every year. Despite the short duration of its existence, until 1851, it thus formed the basis of the cooperative movement in Slovakia. Slovak national thinker 2225:. The International Cooperative Alliance was founded in London, England on 19 August 1895 during the 1st Cooperative Congress. In attendance were delegates from cooperatives from Argentina, Australia, Belgium, England, Denmark, France, Germany, Holland, India, Italy, Switzerland, Serbia, and the US. A second organization formed later in Germany: the International 4031:. The cooperative banking sector had 20% market share of the European banking sector, but accounted for only 7 percent of all the write-downs and losses between the third quarter of 2007 and the first quarter of 2011. Cooperative banks were also over-represented in lending to small and medium-sized businesses in all of the 10 countries included in the report. 3159:

equitably distribute assets and other benefits means capital ownership is arranged in a way for social benefit inside the organization. External societal benefit is also encouraged by incorporating the operating-principle of cooperation between co-operatives. In the final year of the 20th century, cooperatives banded together to establish a number of

3052:, supply cooperatives bring down members' costs. Supply cooperatives may provide seeds, fertilizers, chemicals, fuel, and farm machinery. Some supply cooperatives also operate machinery pools that provide mechanical field services (e.g., plowing, harvesting) to their members. Examples include the American cranberry-and-grapefruit cooperative 3871:"does not carry out a cooperative activity" and "has not been established with the purpose of fulfilling the objectives set forth in the Cooperatives Law but only with the aim of obtaining certain benefits that are linked to it, creating a merely formal appearance of a cooperative", for example, to avoid paying the Social Security fees. 4553:, such as the perceived increase in work pressure (some workers feel that since they are the owners of their means of production, they are pressured into working more by other colleagues), or the ambiguity of the relationship between other workers (everyone being in the same decision-making position can create conflicts among workers). 4747:: unfortunately, within workers cooperatives sexual violence happens sometimes. It is often hidden by the false supposition that in cooperatives everything is shared and done collectively, which might create an environment that might hide sexual violence. For example, under such a climate of trust and confidence, inappropriate 3843:

members of it; after that, cooperatives are legally obliged to make those workers part of the cooperative. Some cooperatives commit labour fraud because they either have a smaller percentage of cooperativised workers than mandated by law, or they have people working without becoming members for more time than legally allowed.

3259:: clients and people who want to support the project without having a contractual or commercial relationship with it. Anyone can become part of this category by buying shares worth a minimum of €105 (currently 5 shares of €21), and a maximum of €5,000. As of September 2020 the cooperative was not accepting new members; 2482:) is the form of capital that the cooperative accumulates from the paid participation shares of its members. The total amount of participation shares the paid to the cooperative constitutes the cooperative capital. The co-operative share capital is usually non-withdrawable and indivisible to the cooperative members. 3304:(NGCs) are an adaptation of traditional cooperative structures to modern, capital intensive industries. They are sometimes described as a hybrid between traditional co-ops and limited liability companies or public benefit corporations. They were first developed in California and spread and flourished in the US 4101:, self-financing schemes include the act and the practice of using one's own capital to provide funding for an enterprise. The main advantage of self-financing is that it sets the cooperative free from outside influence and debt, but the capacity to expand the coop might be constrained by the lack of capital. 2289:. Economic democracy is a socioeconomic philosophy that suggests an expansion of decision-making power from a small minority of corporate shareholders to a larger majority of public stakeholders. There are many different approaches to thinking about and building economic democracy. Anarchists are committed to 4185:, that are awards typically given by foundations or governments, can also be a source of financiation for cooperatives. They differ from loans in the fact that they under most conditions they do not have to be paid back. Some grants have waiting periods before the grantee can take full ownership of them. 4561:

reported the quality of supervision, feedback, and training was superior in their co-op job. Their research also showed that within co-ops, training and skill-building matters for democratic governance: workers who received cooperative-specific training participated more in workplace decision making.

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Usually, growing the business is not the main goal of a cooperative (the main goal is to redistribute profit among its members), but sometimes it is necessary to reinvest a part of the profits in the form of new capital, which will allow the cooperative to expand its operations and increase profit in

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regulations, the following scheme has been used: if a business wants to pay less than what the sector agreement of its economic sector establishes, the business can create a cooperative, which is not subjected to it, hire all the workers using that cooperative, and then outsource the activity to this

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argues that, as paraphrased by Kaswan, "assembly-style direct democracy can only effectively function in fairly small organisations". Kaswan states: "Increasing size also increases the complexity of management. This can lead to the problem of 'managerialism', or the development of powerful officials

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The formation of cooperatives has been used many times to create jobs in economically depressed sites. The communalization of wealth in poor areas often allows them to make the first investment in capital, which allows them to set the cooperative and start having benefits, thus producing an inflow of

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Research shows that in times of crisis, employment and wages are more protected in WC than in conventional firms; since the focus of WCs is on protecting employment and because the workers that control the WC do not want to lose their jobs, WC are generally more willing to protect them. This does not

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In 2021, Hanson and Purushinkaya performed a survey on working conditions of cooperatives in the US, in which cooperativists expressed that they were making wages above the minimum for good living conditions. According to the report, they received, on average, 3,52 $ /hour more than at their previous

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Retail cooperatives are retailers, such as grocery stores, owned by their customers. They should not be confused with retailers' cooperatives, whose members are retailers rather than consumers. In Singapore, Italy, and Finland the company with the largest market share in the grocery store sector is a

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The .coop domain and Co-operative Marque were designed as a new symbol of the global cooperative movement and its collective identity in the digital age. The Co-operative Marque and domain is reserved just for co-operatives, credit unions and organisations that support co-operatives; is distinguished

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embraced these ideas in economic enterprises, firstly among tradespeople, and later in cooperative stores, educational institutes, financial institutions and industrial enterprises. The common thread (enacted in different ways, and subject to the constraints of various systems of national law) is the

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Exclusionary leadership: in some occasions, the management of cooperatives involves electing leaders for specific purposes. The under-representation of women in the democratic spaces can result in them having a smaller chance of being elected as representatives or leaders. Statistics show that women

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Challenge grants are funds disbursed by governments, foundations and trusts on completion of challenge requirements. The challenge refers to the actions or results that must be achieved before money is released. The challenge could require a new solution to an existing problem that had been ignored.

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A cooperative can have different assets from which it can get money without having to sell those assets. For example, if the cooperative has money in the bank, and the bank gives interests, it can generate some more money. Or for example, if the cooperative owns a place and rents it, it can get some

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A 2010 report by the Ministry of Economic Development, Innovation and Export in Québec found the five-year survival rate and ten-year survival rate of cooperatives in Québec to be 62% and 44% respectively compared to 35% and 20% for conventional firms. Another report by the BC-Alberta Social economy

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Safe and regenerative working place. Applications based on biomimicry and biophilia to promote natural, healthy and diverse environments (different places for calmness, meditation, creativity, stimuli, team bond generation, individual reflection, exercise, connection with nature, water, plants, art,

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Remote work for all staff, with the possibility to do the full working week that way, but also putting some mandatory in-person moments for everyone (conflict resolution, first meetings with new employees, farewell for leaving employees, conflict resolution, strategically and/or politically relevant

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Revise periodically how the flow of information goes, and see if there are individuals or segments of the coop excluded from this flow, for whatever reason (lack of proper access, unclear messages, technical jargon, excessive workload, etc.), and define collective measures to define what is relevant

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Research shows that WC show higher adaptability to crisis and economic hardships than CF. During negative demand shocks, WCs contain employment drop and allow a greater downward wage adjustment (the workers themselves decided to lower their own wages to keep the jobs). Another adaptability mechanism

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Research also shows that the difference of wages between workers hired by the cooperative and workers that are members of the cooperative is small (a worker can work for the cooperative but not be a member of it). Two explanations have been proposed: the first one is that the spirit of cooperativism

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Research also shows that the effect of output price changes on wage variations is positive for both conventional firms (CF) and cooperatives (WC), but larger in WCs than in CFs. This means that, because the distribution of wealth is much greater in WCs, an increase in the benefits of a WC usually is

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The aim of a community cooperative is often to create a more equitable and sustainable economy that serves the needs of local residents, rather than generating profits for external shareholders. By working together and pooling resources, members can often achieve economies of scale, negotiate better

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A consumers' cooperative is a business owned by its customers. Members vote on major decisions and elect the board of directors from among their own number. The first of these was set up in 1844 in the North-West of England by 28 weavers who wanted to sell food at a lower price than the local shops.

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Another research also shows that worker cooperatives are still beneficial for job satisfaction even if their activity is in no sense related to the social and solidarity economy or has no social purpose at all. According to Hyungsik Eum this is because "in worker cooperatives, worker-members have a

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the future. This is especially true during the initial steps of the cooperative, in which its operations have to grow to the point in which they have regained the initial capital investment. The capital reinvestments are decided collectively through the democratic mechanisms that a cooperative has.

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Another explanation is that the collective work environment enhances job satisfaction, thus augmenting productivity. Research has shown that collectivists working in simulated collectivist cultures do in fact produce more cooperative behavior than do individualists (i.e., those low in collectivism)

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Many cooperatives are accused of being instruments to be used to lay off workers, to out-source and to exploit workers and small producers. The "cooperativatisation" of both public and private sector activities in some countries has been accompanied by a deterioration of working conditions. This is

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However, the fact that the wealth is distributed between the already hired workers has the downside of preventing the cooperatives of hiring more workers, thus having a rate of creation of new jobs that is lower than CF. However, in WC changes on output prices does not translate in more employment,

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Cooperatives traditionally combine social benefit interests with capitalistic property-right interests. Cooperatives achieve a mix of social and capital purposes by democratically governing distribution questions by and between equal but not controlling members. Democratic oversight of decisions to

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owned and democratically controlled by its members. Members often have a close association with the enterprise as producers or consumers of its products or services, or as its employees. The legal entities have a range of social characteristics. Membership is open, meaning that anyone who satisfies

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A 2017 report published by the Office for National Statistics found that, in the UK, the rate of survival of cooperatives after 5 years was 80 percent compared with only 41 percent for other enterprises. A further study found that after 10 years, 44 percent of cooperatives were still in operation,

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Usually, the law establishes that a cooperative is required to have a minimum percentage of workers-owners (usually 33%). Cooperatives can hire workers that are not part of the cooperative, but the law usually establishes a maximum amount of time that they can work in the cooperative without being

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However, the recognition of cooperatives as different entities than conventional firms sometimes creates a legal void that has been used regularly for labour fraud. For example, in Spain, cooperatives are not subjected to the sectoral collective agreements of each sector. In some cases, businesses

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SCICs must have a 'general interest' objective. Public bodies can subscribe for up to 20% of the capital. The status allows an association to convert into a co-operative without having to change its legal form. The relative rigidity of the structure, combined with the government's failure to grant

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A particularly successful form of multi-stakeholder cooperative is the Italian "social cooperative", of which some 11,000 exist. "Type A" social cooperatives bring together providers and beneficiaries of a social service as members. "Type B" social cooperatives bring together permanent workers and

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The Rochdale principles state that cooperatives should have limited return on equity investments, so its usual for most of the cooperatives to not use equity investments, and, if they do, pay few dividends to the shareholders. The main reason for which they do that is that distributing profits as

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Assets can also be converted to money. For example, if the cooperative owns shares of another company, they can sell them and turn them into liquidity. Or if the cooperative owns a building, it can sell it. Different types of assets can be converted to liquidity with different levels of ease: for

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Mark Kaswan argues that the type of activity developed by a cooperative is one of the main factors that determines how democratic it is. For example, in worker cooperatives, the workers spend a lot of time in contact with each other, having a high level of both interaction and interdependency. In

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The most common way to do it all at once before joining the cooperative, but other financing schemes have been proposed. For example, some cooperatives do not ask for an initial investment, but rather require workers to work for a certain period of time, while retaining a percentage of the wage,

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This issue of having access and voice in the formal spaces for decision making of the cooperative becomes more important the bigger the cooperative gets. Research shows that, in larger cooperatives, member participation is lower than in smaller cooperatives, and there is a deterioration of

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A platform cooperative, or platform co-op, is a cooperatively owned, democratically governed business that establishes a computing platform, and uses a protocol, website or mobile app to facilitate the sale of goods and services. Platform cooperatives are an alternative to venture capital-funded

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An innovative governance provision ensure that no one group of members can dominate the others. In practice board decisions are taken by consensus. In the event of a vote, each director has one vote, and except where the cooperative's registered or internal rules provide otherwise, decisions are

3238:: the people providing the financial means necessary to achieve the enterprise's ambitions, currently four of the project's founders. This category holds 94% of the shares but only exercises 50% of the votes. The board will consider applications from people wishing to invest in excess of €25,000; 2832:

A community cooperative is owned and governed by members of a local geographical community. It is established to meet the community's needs by providing goods or services that are not available or affordable through traditional market channels. This is distinct from meeting individuals' needs as

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There are many types of cooperative financial institutions with different names across the world, including financial cooperatives ('cooperativa financiera' is the Spanish term used in Latin America), cooperative banks, credit unions, and savings and credit cooperatives ('cooperativa de ahorro y

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and have focused on local organization, including locally managed cooperatives, linked through confederations of unions, cooperatives and communities. Marxists, who as socialists have likewise held and worked for the goal of democratizing productive and reproductive relationships, often placed a

2066:, and proceeded to introduce better labour standards, including discounted retail shops where profits were passed on to his employees. Owen left New Lanark to pursue other forms of cooperative organization and develop coop ideas through writing and lecture. Cooperative communities were set up in 1978:

Cooperation dates back as far as human beings have been organizing for mutual benefits. Tribes were organized as cooperative structures, allocating jobs and resources among each other, only trading with the external communities. In alpine environments, trade could only be maintained in organized

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Especially at the start of a cooperative, this is used in some cases. It involves a person or a legal entity that, with a financial contribution, favours the establishment of a company and the carrying out of the social activity. Typically, they make part of the initial investment, and once the

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There is a legal debate on whether to consider being a member of a cooperative as a formal worker or not. For instance, it has been claimed that “the relationship of the worker-member with their cooperative should be considered as distinct from that of conventional wage-based dependent work and

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For example, one of the basic issues with internal democracy is to make sure that every worker has access to all the information of the cooperative, and that is aware of every debate that is happening within the cooperative. It is important to make sure that all important decisions are taken in

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Overworking due to the need for competitiveness applies to cooperatives as well. Some authors argue that the limitation of working hours in a cooperative should only apply for non-members workers of the coop (hired workers), whereas member workers should be allowed to work as much as they want,

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than regular firms. This is demonstrated by the fact that cooperatives have a lower turnover rate (rate of workers leaving a firm) compared to regular firms. However, cooperatives do not always show improved working conditions compared to traditional businesses. In fact, the different nature of

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In general terms, research shows that productivity in worker's cooperatives is higher than in conventional firms. For example, Fakhfakh et al. (2012) show that in several industries, conventional firms would produce more with their current levels of employment and capital when they adopted the

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of 303:1. This means that in worker's cooperatives there is much more distribution of wealth between the members of the cooperatives, which means that workers that are at the bottom of the organizational pyramid make more money than workers that are at the bottom of the pyramid but that are in

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those of type B integrate disadvantaged people into the labour market. The categories of disadvantage they target may include physical and mental disability, drug and alcohol addiction, developmental disorders and problems with the law. They do not include other factors of disadvantage such as

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Financial cooperatives hold a significant market share in Europe and Latin America, as well as a few countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. They also have a strong presence in Asia, Australia, and the United States. According to the World Council of Credit Unions (WOCCU), there were 68,882 financial

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and voice, and professional development. They also found that the majority of individual respondents described their job security, job satisfaction, work effort, and the economic stability of the company as somewhat or much better than what they experienced in their last job. Also, a majority

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This is the main form of financing in cooperatives. Usually, workers cooperatives do not only socialize the labor force, but also a part of the economical wealth of each member, that is put in a pool together with the rest of contributions, and that constitutes the capital of the cooperative.

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basis, though hybrid forms exist in which consumers, community members or investors also own some shares (though these shares may or may not have voting power). In practice, control by worker-owners may be exercised through individual, collective or majority ownership by the workforce, or the

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The focus that cooperatives have in protecting jobs is reflected in research. Hanson and Prushinkaya have showed that, in the US, turnover rates are lower in WC than in CF (the turnover rate is the percentage of employees leaving a company within a certain period of time). Jobs at workers’

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Members of a building cooperative (in Britain known as a self-build housing cooperative) pool resources to build housing, normally using a high proportion of their own labor. When the building is finished, each member is the sole owner of a homestead, and the cooperative may be dissolved.

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in these cultures. Furthermore, it has been argued that collectivists’ ideological commitment to the group members yields higher levels of motivation. Consequently, in addition to making turnover less likely, high collectivism in the WC environment should translate to high performance.

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The impact of political ideology on practice constrains the development of cooperatives in different countries. In India, there is a form of workers' cooperative which insists on compulsory membership for all employees and compulsory employment for all members. That is the form of the

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before being granted a political voice. Throughout the second half of the nineteenth century (and then repeatedly every twenty years or so) there was a surge in the number of cooperative organisations, both in commercial practice and civil society, operating to advance democracy and

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In the case of electricity, cooperatives are generally either generation and transmission (G&T) co-ops that create and send power via the transmission grid or local distribution co-ops that gather electricity from a variety of sources and send it along to homes and businesses.

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A second common form of cooperative federation is a cooperative union, whose objective (according to Gide) is "to develop the spirit of solidarity among societies and... in a word, to exercise the functions of a government whose authority, it is needless to say, is purely moral."

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also extends to hired workers; and the second that sometimes employees are needed for highly skilled jobs, which provides them with strong bargaining power enabling them to defend their employment positions and to compensate for their lack of formal control rights over the firm.

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According to the European Association of Cooperative Banks, the market share of cooperative banks in the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) credit market by the end of 2016 was 37% in Finland, 45% in France, 33% in Germany, 43% in the Netherlands, and 22% in Canada. In Germany,

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principle that an enterprise or association should be owned and controlled by the people it serves, and share any surpluses on the basis of each member's cooperative contribution (as a producer, labourer or consumer) rather than their capacity to invest financial capital.

6131:(421/2013, Cooperatives act).§ 2: "Osuuskunta on jäsenistään erillinen oikeushenkilö, joka syntyy rekisteröimisellä." This translates as, "A cooperative is a legal person separate from its persons, born by registration." Finlex database. Retrieved 4 December 2015. 4237:, they began a crowdfunding campaign to get the initial money needed to create a cooperative that included all the workers that previously worked there. They used that money to make the initial investments to reconvert the factory to manufacture bicycle parts, with a 3431:

in which all of the members are themselves cooperatives. Historically, these have predominantly come in the form of cooperative wholesale societies, and cooperative unions. Cooperative federations are a means through which cooperative societies can fulfill the sixth

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on the role of women, and other instilled cultural practices that sidestep attempted legal protections, women and other disadvantaged groups suffer a disproportionately low representation in cooperative membership around the world. Representation of women through

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various categories of stakeholder may become members, including paid employees, beneficiaries, volunteers (up to 50% of members), financial investors and public institutions. In type B cooperatives at least 30% of the members must be from the disadvantaged target

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If a cooperative has had profits at some point, it should have some savings, which it can use in times of economic losses. In this way, they can absorb the losses simply with the money they already had, not having to affect neither wages, employment, or stocks.

4308:, is the practice of lending money through online services that directly match lenders with borrowers. Lenders can earn higher returns compared to savings and investment products offered by banks, while borrowers can borrow money at lower interest rates. 4133:

The current budget of the cooperative: if a cooperative is already economically well established, probably the requirements will be lower. However, if the cooperative is still young and still requires a lot of investments, the initial requirement will be

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Potential solutions to this fraudulent usage of workers’ cooperatives have been suggested, such as covering the legal void that allows this to happen, creating cooperative federations that ensure the cooperative identity and its regular functioning, etc.

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Crowdfunding is a way of sourcing money for a project by asking a large number of contributors to individually donate a small amount to it. In return, the backers may receive token rewards that increase in prestige as the size of the donation increases.

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prices, and develop services that better meet the needs of their community. Community cooperatives can also help to build social capital and foster a sense of community ownership and pride. They have been successful vehicles for rural development in the

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We have already seen that, in times of economical hardships, cooperatives are more willing to reduce their wages rather than reduce employment, whereas conventional firms would rather fire some people and keep the same wages for the rest of them.

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Producer cooperatives have producers as their members and provide services involved in moving a product from the point of production to the point of consumption. Unlike worker cooperatives, they allow businesses with multiple employees to join.

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In Tanzania, it has been proven that the cooperative method is helpful in water distribution. When the people are involved with their own water, they care more because the quality of their work has a direct effect on the quality of their water.

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Multi-stakeholder or hybrid cooperatives that share ownership between different stakeholder groups. For example, care cooperatives where ownership is shared between both care-givers and receivers. Stakeholders might also include non-profits or

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According to Pam a Pam, having internal democracy is not limited to having communal spaces of debate and decision making, but also ensuring that the participation in those spaces is not limited by issues of positionality, privilege, or rank.

2237:'s oldest national membership association. It is dedicated to ensuring that cooperative businesses have the same opportunities as other businesses operating in the country and that consumers have access to cooperatives in the marketplace. 4081:

The issue of finance in cooperativism is one of the most importance. Since the failure rates of cooperatives are lower than for conventional firms, the financing schemes used by them are at least as successful as for conventional firms.

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Multi-stakeholder co-operatives also exist in the retail sector. An example is Färm, a Belgian wholefood retailing cooperative founded in 2015 which favours organic and local produce. It operates 16 shops, of which 11 are in Brussels.

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cooperative. In this way, instead of having to hire all the workers directly (thus having to pay the Social Security fees and the minimum wage established by the collective agreement), the company only has to use the cooperative as a

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prior to the rise of trade unions and industrial factories. Weinbren reports that by the end of the 19th century, over 80% of British working age men and 90% of Australian working age men were members of one or more Friendly Society.

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self-employed work”. Some authors argue that cooperatives should have their own legal status differentiated from the legal status of a conventional firm, in order for them to get recognition and adapt the law to its unique features.

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certain non-discriminatory conditions may join. Economic benefits are distributed proportionally to each member's level of participation in the cooperative, for instance, by a dividend on sales or purchases, rather than according to

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Lending or debt instruments provide borrowers with funding in exchange for repayment of this funding along with interest, based on predetermined timeframes and interest rate terms. The provision of funding might require guarantees.

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being the largest example with a turnover of £24 million. There also exist some pseudo-cooperatives, such as the John Lewis Partnership, where profits are distributed to the workers, but at the discretion of a senior elected board.

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Additional requirements could be specified, from programme certification to member participation. An example of a challenge grant would be money that is given by a bank if the cooperative increases membership by a certain amount.

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wealth in the community, which then is redistributed within the members of the cooperatives. This scheme of using cooperatives to create wealth and job opportunities in depressed areas has been famously used, for example, by the

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from governments or private organizations. The latter are usually related to philanthropy. The difference with other types of grants is that they do not require any previous conditions of challenges that need to be achieved.

3016:

A "purchasing cooperative" is a type of cooperative arrangement, often among businesses, to agree to aggregate demand to get lower prices from selected suppliers. Retailers' cooperatives are a form of purchasing cooperative.

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This is one of the most common ways to allocate the losses. Making this decision involves the workers deliberating through the stablished democratic mechanisms on how are the losses going to be distributed among membership.

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has been attributed to how cooperatives share risks and rewards between members, how they harness the ideas of many and how members have a tangible ownership stake in the business. Additionally, "cooperative banks build up

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agencies that have moved to adopt the multi-stakeholder cooperative model. In the years 1994–2009 the EU and its member nations gradually revised national accounting systems to "make visible" the increasing contribution of

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Through all these financial means, a cooperative can create a financial profit. The next set of critical financial decisions becomes how to distribute that profit. There are different forms of redistributing the benefit.

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reflected in a proportional increase in the wages, whereas in CF this increase in the wages is much smaller (since the wealth is accumulated by people in the higher position, or is saved for new corporate investments).

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Corcoran, H.; Wilson, D. (2010). The Worker Co-operative Movements in Italy, Mondragon and France: Context, Success Factors and Lessons. Canadian Worker Cooperative Federation Fédération Canadienne des Coopératives de

4708:, who occupy most of the space, and tend to monopolize the leadership of those democratic spaces. This can result in women having less voice in the cooperative decision making, thus having their needs underrepresented. 8154: 3289:

To ensure that members are committed to the cooperative's values, vision and objectives, to guarantee its long-term finance and to limit financial speculation, shares are not transferable for a period of four years.

3564:, a cooperative has good working conditions when it has stable contracts, working days consistent with the volume of tasks, and offers a higher salary than the established in the collective agreement of the sector. 3368:

A volunteer cooperative is a cooperative that is run by and for a network of volunteers, for the benefit of a defined membership or the general public, to achieve some goal. Depending on the structure, it may be a

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One explanation is that commitment to the cause causes more productivity. The fact that employees can participate in decision-making motivates them to be more involved with the objectives of the cooperative.

2172:

We would very much like such excellent constitutions to be established throughout our region. They would help to rescue people from evil and misery. A beautiful, great idea, a beautiful excellent constitution!

4845:

The local grocery was a co-operative store, sharing profits among its customers. Such shops were popular in South Wales, although no one knew how to pronounce Co-op, variations ranging from "cop" to "quorp".

4334:. Some cooperatives use that as a source of money. In cooperatives equity investments are usually not used, since it is something that is generally believed to go against the principles of cooperativism (the 4653:, they can play a particularly strong role in empowering women, especially in developing countries. Cooperatives allow women who might have been isolated and working individually to band together and create 4015:

A 2012 report published by CICOPA (Europe) showed that in France and Spain, worker cooperatives and social cooperatives "have been more resilient than conventional enterprises during the economic crisis".

2602:, members may sell their shares in the cooperative whenever they like for whatever price the market will bear, much like any other residential property. Market-rate co-ops are very common in New York City. 14254: 14244: 6378: 4346:

Direct capital contribution to a project without the guarantee of repayment; the return on a direct equity investment will depend on the performance of a project/company over the investment period.

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found that in 2012 approximately one billion people in 96 countries had become members of at least one cooperative. The turnover of the largest three hundred cooperatives in the world reached $ 2.2

2364: 1983:

in 1472. Pre-industrial Europe is home to the first cooperatives from an industrial context. The roots of the cooperative movement can be traced to multiple influences and extend worldwide. In the

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Llewellyn, D. and Holmes, M. (1991) 'In Defence of Mutuality: A Redress to an Emerging Conventional Wisdom', Annals of Public and Co-operative Economics, Vol.62(3): pp. 319–354 (p. 327).

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taken by simple majority of those present or represented. But in the event of a tie, if the votes of a group of voters all belong to the same category, the votes of the other categories prevail.

2143:, England set up the society to open their own store selling food items they could not otherwise afford. Within ten years there were over a thousand cooperative societies in the United Kingdom. 5290:

Membership in co-operative businesses has grown to 1 billion people across 96 countries, according to new research published by the Worldwatch Institute for its Vital Signs Online publication.

2462:, which are divided among the members according to their participation in the enterprise, such as patronage, instead of according to the value of their capital shareholdings (as is done by a 2458:

structure. In the US, cooperatives are often organized as non-capital stock corporations under state-specific cooperative laws. Cooperatives often share their earnings with the membership as

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In a 2007 study by the World Council of Credit Unions, the five-year survival rate of cooperatives in the United States was found to be 90% in comparison to 3–5% for traditional businesses.

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Producer cooperatives may also be organized by small businesses for pooling their savings and accessing capital, for acquiring supplies and services, or for marketing products and services.

6242:

Translated quote: 'Cooperative share capital capital of the cooperative resulting from participation shares.', the original quote: 'osuuspääoma osuusmaksuista kertyvä osuuskunnan pääoma.'

4203:. Donations are specially recommendable if the cooperative has a strong aim for social impact and mutual aid, in which case individual or collective donors might be interested in donating. 2252:. This invention improved milk production and created a method of preserving butter, the AIV salt, which led to increased Finnish butter exports. He had started his career in chemistry in 8490: 8477: 7400:

Fakhfakh, Fathi, Virginie Pérotin and Mónica Gago, "Productivity, capital and labor in labormanaged and conventional firms", Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 65 (4), 2012, 847–878.

7670: 7521: 5803: 3835:, thus being able to pay lower or have worse labor conditions than the ones stipulated in the collective agreement, while at the same time retaining the same power and salary pyramids. 7615: 6176: 5674: 12477: 7585: 4854: 5343: 4290:

Concessional and flexible loans include special features such as no or low interest rates, extended repayment schedules, and interest rate modifications during the life of the loan.

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domain. In 2014, ICA introduced the Global Cooperative Marque for use by ICAs Cooperative members and by WOCCU's Credit Union members so they can be further identified by their coop

2146: 4755:, could inadvertently pass as normal. In the most extreme cases, sexual aggressions or even rape is wrongly justified under the excuse of having trust and confidence in each other. 2965:

or producer cooperative is a cooperative owned and democratically controlled by its "worker-owners". In a pure worker cooperative, only the workers own shares of the business on a

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Masulis, R. (1987) 'Changes in Ownership Structure: Conversions of Mutual Savings and Loans to Stock Charter', Journal of Financial economics, Vol.18: pp. 29–59 (p. 32).

2007:

in 1834. As both state and church institutions began to routinely distinguish between the 'deserving' and 'undeserving' poor, a movement of friendly societies grew throughout the

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Cooperatives have been traditionally seen as an alternative to the traditional business model, in which a capitalist has the private ownership of the monetary capital and of the

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noting that "Cooperatives serve their members most effectively and strengthen the cooperative movement by working together through local, regional and international structures."

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Cooperatives frequently have social goals, which they aim to accomplish by investing a proportion of trading profits back into their communities. As an example of this, in 2013,

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What kind of control does the employer have about how the work is performed, pay amounts, hours worked, and whether the worker is free to also work for others and hire helpers?

3475:

In some countries with a strong cooperative sector, such as the UK, cooperatives may find it advantageous to form political groupings to represent their interests. The British

5457: 4549:. also points out that not all of the characteristics of workers cooperatives increase job satisfaction. In fact, they point out that some characteristics are perjudicial for 2982:. In places like the UK, common ownership (indivisible collective ownership) was popular in the 1970s. Cooperative Societies only became legal in Britain after the passing of 6264:

Section 5 — Share capital The total amount of the share prices for outstanding shares, as paid up to the co- operative at any given time, shall constitute the share capital.

4673:, said, "Cooperative businesses have done so much to help women onto the ladder of economic activity. With that comes community respect, political legitimacy and influence." 8151: 8318:

Dana, Leo Paul 2010, "Nunavik, Arctic Quebec: Where Co-operatives Supplement Entrepreneurship", Global Business and Economics Review 12 (1/2), January 2010, pp. 42–71.

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Patronage refunds are the distribution of profits to the members of the cooperative, who have previously invested money in the form of capital by members and social loans.

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There are several explanations for this: higher compensation and wages for workers; higher job satisfaction; greater adaptability to crisis and economic difficulties, etc.

6299: 4718:: patriarchal behavior can also be found in male colleagues, who often, for example, act in patronizing ways, or have distrust in women's capacity to perform certain jobs. 4222: 2454:

and Australia. Cooperatives may take the form of companies limited by shares or by guarantee, partnerships or unincorporated associations. In the UK they may also use the

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example, selling shares is easier and less time-consuming than selling land, which might take months. Thus, shares are much more easily converted to liquidity than land.

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paid on a member's investment into the cooperative. In the United States, many cooperatives were formed to provide rural electrical and telephone service as part of the

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association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and democratically-controlled

6744: 8322: 5655: 1995:" and "surplus sharing" arrangements existed as far back as 1795. The key ideological influence on the Anglosphere branch of the cooperative movement, however, was a 8130: 7311: 6534: 3581: 3577: 3519:, insurance, banking, funeral services, and the travel industry in many parts of the country, although this is still significantly lower than other business models. 3282:

Each member has one vote. The members elect the board of 10 at the annual general meeting. Each category of members has at least one board member to represent them.

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by its ethical badge that subscribes to the seven ICA Cooperative Principles and Co-op Values. Co-ops can be identified on the Internet through the use of the .coop

2447:

cooperatives. They are distinguished from other forms of incorporation in that profit-making or economic stability are balanced by the interests of the community.

8275:

Armitage, S. (1991) 'Consequences of Mutual Ownership for Building Societies', The Service Industries Journal, October, Vol.11(4): pp. 458–480 (p. 471).

6307:... under no circumstances should members' non-withdrawable share capital and indivisible reserves be subject to any risk of distribution to co-operative members. 2781:, where there are now about 7,950 active status federally insured credit unions, with almost 90 million members and more than $ 679 billion on deposit. 7709: 4511:

The intrinsic factors are characteristics of the work itself, and Castel et al. proposes that cooperatives create job satisfaction because they usually involve:

2983: 7067: 3266:: there is no obligation to hold shares in order to collaborate commercially with Färm, but the enterprise finds it nice that the two groups support each other; 6734:

Ian Clarke, (2000) "Retail power, competition and local consumer choice in the UK grocery sector", European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 34 Iss: 8, pp.975 – 1002

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For example, when the bank provides sums of money as donations or financing at competitive conditions in support of initiatives that favour social innovation.

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in 1852. In 1865 there were 651 registered societies with a total membership of well over 200,000. There are now more than 400 worker cooperatives in the UK,

4813:

As of 2012, the number of memberships in cooperatives reached one billion, and so the organizational structure and movement has seeped into popular culture.

3864: 8390: 5273: 6374: 4094: 764: 10884: 8414: 7839:"The Curious Case of Stakeholder Ownership: Theoretical Insights into the Niche Persistence of the Cooperative and Mutual Form Across Advanced Economies" 5379: 8173: 4143:

Occasionally. if the situation requires it, workers of the cooperative can decide to put some more money as an investment, which can later be returned.

2256:, a cooperative of dairy farmers in which he headed the research department for 50 years and where all his major inventions were first put to practice. 10697: 7641: 3986:

reports that "cooperatives tend to have a longer life than other types of enterprise, and thus a higher level of entrepreneurial sustainability". This

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Translated quote: 'Cooperative share capital, capital accrued from cooperative contributions paid by members of a cooperative.', the original quote: '

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Hanson and Prushinkaya (2021) conducted a survey that found similar results: they found that, in general, cooperativists state high job satisfaction,

3515:

also run a credit union that is constituted as a co-operative, called the 'Plaid Cymru Credit Union'. UK cooperatives retain a strong market share in

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cooperatives aggregate purchases, storage, and distribution of farm inputs for their members. By taking advantage of volume discounts and using other

1790:". Cooperatives are democratically controlled by their members, with each member having one vote in electing the board of directors. They differ from 13867: 10012: 7338: 4878:, several drug dealers create a democratic alliance called the New Day Co-Op with the interests of cutting back on violence and increasing business. 4098: 3856: 3554: 1753: 8000: 6404: 5926: 2201:

as a political principle. Friendly Societies and consumer cooperatives became the dominant form of organization among working people in Anglosphere

7109: 6330: 5728:

Weinbren, D. & James, B. (2005) "Getting a Grip: the Roles of Friendly Societies in Australia and Britain Reappraised", Labour History, Vol. 88

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Permanent and external facilitation (from a specialized process work paradigm external coop) on emotions, conflicts of power, informal hierarchies.

3176:

no more than 80% of profits may be distributed, interest is limited to the bond rate, and dissolution is altruistic (assets may not be distributed)

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The type of cooperative: if it is a big industrial cooperative, the amount required will probably be higher than for a small services cooperative.

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happen so much in CF, where the focus is on maintaining the margin of benefits and not employment, which is considered a cost in times of crisis.

8195: 7608:"How Did Bank Lending to Small Business in the United States Fare After the Financial Crisis? - The U.S. Small Business Administration – SBA.gov" 2279: 8485: 6262:. A legally void document (superseded) — used here for the definition. Helsinki: the Finnish Ministry of Justice., Finlex.fi. 2002. p. 38. 1856:

than many other forms of enterprise, with twice the number of co-operatives (80%) surviving their first five years compared with other business

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If the cooperative is based on selling products or services, a part of the finance comes from the profits that they get from their activities.

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The cooperative brings together all the participants in the food chain from farm to fork, represented by six different categories of members:

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in the 1990s. They are now common in Canada where they operate primarily in agriculture and food services, where their primary purpose is to

334: 7577: 6038: 5550: 576: 13718: 9272: 9140: 5333: 4049: 2675:

are either reinvested into infrastructure or distributed to members in the form of "patronage" or "capital credits", which are essentially

2302:

after the 1960s, socialist strategies pluralized, though economic democratizers have not as yet established a fundamental challenge to the

1915: 2150:

The statue of Samuel Jurkovič, national awakener and founder of first cooperative in Central Europe (Spolok Gazdovský) in Rača, Bratislava

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Facilitation of all meetings/assemblies is rotated among all members of the coop; training and coaching in facilitation will be provided.

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consumer's cooperatives, both the frequency and the intensity of the encounters is lower, thus reducing their democratic participation.

2233:(NCBA CLUSA; the abbreviation of the organization retains the initials of its former name, Cooperative League of the USA) serves as the 15216: 9398: 7741: 7695: 7486: 6665: 6086: 5443: 5193: 3633:

cooperative workers from losing their jobs when Fagor went bankrupt: they were relocated to other cooperatives of the Mondragon group.

2612:

developers, allow members to own some equity in their home, but limit the sale price of their membership share to that which they paid.

2135:, founded in 1844, is usually considered the first successful cooperative enterprise, used as a model for modern coops, following the ' 2806:) network grew to serve over 1 million members via 13,000 branches, and was larger than the country's largest conventional bank. 12721: 12655: 6148: 5117: 4676:

However, despite the intended democratic structure of cooperatives and the values and benefits shared by members, due to traditional

2802:

Cooperative banking networks, which were nationalized in Eastern Europe, continued as cooperative institutions. In Poland, the SKOK (

2406: 2230: 5464: 4741:

Manifestations of machismo that belittle, offend and detract from security and autonomy. They involve a higher level of degradation.

13167: 12472: 9079: 8381:

Rasmusen, E. (1988) 'Mutual banks and stock banks', Journal of Law and Economics, October, Vol.31: pp. 395–421 (p. 412).

7765: 7285: 1875:

in the UK invested 6.9% of their pre-tax profits in the communities in which they trade, compared to 2.4% for rival supermarkets.

531: 13115: 8570: 8467: 6426: 6290: 3377:, which is operated according to the principles of cooperative governance. The most basic form of volunteer-run cooperative is a 740: 8235: 6799: 6352: 6105: 2649:

which is released in stages as the building is completed. The term may also refer to worker cooperatives in the building trade.

14219: 12716: 10828: 10032: 9104: 8978: 8513: 8288: 6461: 1907: 6633: 6124: 5405: 4116:

Usually, future members have to socialize a certain amount of money to the cooperative before they can become formal members.

14301: 13744: 13291: 10017: 8045: 7515: 7198: 7087: 6748: 6235: 5023: 3144:

Multi-stakeholder cooperatives include representation from different stakeholder groups, such as both consumers and workers.

2561:

consumer owned cooperative. In Switzerland both the largest and the second largest retailer are consumer owned cooperatives.

1746: 822: 435: 244: 4892:

played around the world that challenges players to work together to start and run a cooperative and overcome major hurdles.

2587:(share capital co-op) reflecting their equity in the cooperative's real estate or have membership and occupancy rights in a 14696: 14113: 12701: 10833: 9287: 9156: 5652: 1837:

that use a cooperatively owned and governed website, mobile app or a protocol to facilitate the sale of goods and services.

423: 367: 326: 7716: 6506: 6008: 5102: 3802:

The following factors are generally considered when determining whether an employment relationship exists under the FLSA:

2929: 2742:

owned and controlled by their members. Credit unions provide to its members the same services as banks but are considered

14856: 14796: 13440: 12394: 10237: 9233: 9195: 8666: 5600: 5053: 4458:

In case that a cooperative experiences a loss, there are alternatives to handle them in the most efficient way possible.

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to local workers. Its services expanded to include assistance with savings and loans, emigration and education. In 1810,

1903: 1883: 305: 6945: 3839:

due both to the perversion of the cooperative form and to weak labour regulations applied to these kinds of work forms.

2901: 14291: 9428: 5198: 4666: 4221:

A successful example of how to finance a workers cooperative with a crowdfunding is the case of the cooperative of the

3899: 3711: 3682:

The size of the cooperative is considered to be one of the most important factors for internal democracy. For example,

3464: 3441: 3409:, in which workers and beneficiaries jointly participate in management decisions and receive discounts on the basis of 2778: 2372: 1450: 93: 10579: 8432: 8127: 2192:

was practiced in organisation decision-making. The principles challenged the idea that a person should be an owner of

15364: 13245: 9357: 8783: 8086: 8066: 7507: 6201: 5703: 4624: 4067: 4028: 2948: 2766: 1307: 372: 7271:

Publication 1779 (Rev. 3-2023) Catalog Number 16134L Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service www.irs.gov

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The oldest cooperative banks in Europe, based on the ideas of Friedrich Raiffeisen, are joined in the 'Urgenossen'.

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For All The People: Uncovering the Hidden History of Cooperation, Cooperative Movements, and Communalism in America

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Greater attention to working and employment conditions following the increased social responsibility of the company

3831:

take the form of a cooperative to avoid being subjected to collective agreements gained through trade unionism and

3507:

in Parliament, which was the first of its kind. The Co-operative Party now has a permanent electoral pact with the

3448: 2908: 2455: 1865: 1739: 1356: 449: 350: 7554: 6767: 4123:

Usually, when the worker decides to leave the cooperative, all the money invested will be returned to the worker.

15131: 14846: 12706: 12527: 12324: 10973: 10687: 10535: 10002: 9393: 9383: 8385: 8348: 8297: 6606:

Monzon, J. L. & Chaves, R. (2008) "The European Social Economy: Concept and Dimensions of the Third Sector",

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However, in comparison with the number of co-operatives, they are rarely the subject of literature. Among these,

4685:

membership (showing up to meetings and voting), as well as in leadership and managerial positions is even lower.

3125: 2754: 2299: 13039: 8446: 2622:

do not allow members to own equity in their residences and often have rental agreements well below market rates.

15369: 15136: 13328: 11627: 11517: 10823: 10007: 9130: 9125: 9048: 8671: 8404: 8360: 4606: 3672: 3661:

formal spaces, and avoid using informal spaces in which not everyone might be present to take those decisions.

3437: 3172:

previously unemployed people who wish to integrate into the labor market. They are legally defined as follows:

3099:, distribution and sale. Agricultural marketing cooperatives are often formed to promote specific commodities. 2886: 2591:

cooperative (non-share capital co-op), and they underwrite their housing through paying subscriptions or rent.

2376: 2222: 1887: 11442: 5368: 4857:

sets a murder mystery among radical printing collectives in Seattle, while Frances Madeson's 2007 comic novel

15374: 15359: 14711: 14686: 14150: 14010: 13338: 12467: 11196: 10953: 10550: 10279: 9135: 8293: 8170: 5486: 5043: 4250: 2915: 2260: 2014: 1727: 1472: 1382: 1033: 275: 209: 7637: 3642:

allowing the cooperative to collectively take those kind of decisions if they only apply to member workers.

15046: 15006: 14722: 14691: 13982: 13889: 13694: 13602: 13360: 13276: 13218: 13157: 12578: 12487: 12293: 12268: 12190: 11236: 10165: 9413: 9314: 9094: 8847: 8807: 8710: 8402:"2014 Annual Report on FAO's projects and activities in support of producer organizations and cooperatives" 7365: 4662: 4602: 4085:

One of the success factors lies in the fact that cooperatives use a different arrange of financing schemes

3995:

buffers that function well in case of a crisis," and are less likely to lead members and clients towards a

3496: 3133: 2882: 2758: 2226: 1969: 1860:

models (44%) according to data from United Kingdom. The largest worker owned cooperative in the world, the

1590: 1376: 1204: 459: 35: 17: 5672:

https://myzahorie.sme.sk/c/5228907/gazdovsky-spolok-v-sobotisti-bol-prvym-uverovym-druzstvom-v-europe.html

5651:

PERNÝ, Lukáš. Samuel Jurkovič, slovenský národný buditeľ a zakladateľ družstevníctva. In: DAV DVA (2019),

1807:: businesses owned and managed by the people who consume goods and/or services provided by the cooperative 15186: 14706: 14060: 13789: 13703: 13296: 13014: 12512: 12288: 11981: 11216: 11025: 10983: 10476: 9982: 9679: 9625: 9464: 9299: 9023: 8743: 8632: 8563: 7997: 6976:"Can worker cooperatives stabilize employment and remain financially sound during a prolonged recession?" 6400: 5934: 5122: 5018: 4908: 4769: 2026: 1853: 1794:

in that they are generally built from the bottom-up, rather than the top-down. Cooperatives may include:

1580: 1467: 1417: 733: 646: 123: 14005: 13877: 11171: 4330:

An equity investment is money that is invested in a company by purchasing shares of that company in the

3550:

cooperatives imply that the nature of the working conditions within the cooperatives is also different.

2897: 15314: 15256: 14896: 14681: 14326: 14184: 14072: 13323: 12242: 12086: 11597: 11422: 10449: 9630: 9494: 9388: 8623: 6276: 5157: 4715: 3394: 2761:. The concept of financial cooperatives crossed the Atlantic at the turn of the 20th century, when the 1610: 342: 118: 103: 14611: 11318: 8202: 8152:

Neoliberal Co-optation of Leading Co-op Organizations, and a Socialist Counter-Politics of Cooperation

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cooperatives operate a series of interconnected activities involving planning production, growing and

15354: 15086: 14701: 14381: 14376: 13857: 13845: 13723: 13667: 13642: 13592: 13527: 13457: 12754: 12686: 11462: 11397: 11298: 10466: 9709: 9598: 9408: 9309: 9162: 8873: 8643: 6975: 3982: 3504: 3484: 3053: 3045: 2664: 2546: 1615: 1394: 1336: 1038: 870: 760: 691: 626: 415: 285: 113: 8531: 8268: 8226: 8098: 6713: 6683: 5956: 5769: 5698:

Marlow, Joyce, The Tolpuddle Martyrs, London :History Book Club, (1971) & Grafton Books, (1985)

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determines whether a worker is an independent contractor by considering the degree that the worker:

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Honkala, Juha; Halinen, Ari, eds. (2004). "osuuspääoma, (translation: cooperative share capital)".

5038: 3847: 3812:

What kinds of investment does the worker make in facilities and equipment compared to the employer?

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Create a space where members can propose improvements and a committee reviews and prioritizes them.

3107: 3078: 2530: 2518: 2245: 2221:

was the first international association formed (1895) by the cooperative movement. It includes the

2038: 1929: 1814: 1630: 1605: 1341: 1051: 985: 955: 586: 453: 128: 88: 14501: 8284:

Brazda, Johann and Schediwy, Robert (eds.) "Consumer Co-operatives in a Changing World"(ICA), 1989

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until the worker has paid all the requirements and can become a formal member of the cooperative.

3818:

Is the relationship with the employer indefinite, which suggests an ongoing employee relationship?

15328: 15171: 14861: 14831: 14776: 14771: 14000: 13782: 13760: 13713: 13433: 13350: 12665: 12558: 12387: 12361: 11308: 10943: 10682: 10574: 10461: 10356: 10230: 10203: 9885: 9674: 9542: 9489: 9347: 9337: 9226: 9003: 7929:"Working in Cooperatives and Social Economy: Effects on Job Satisfaction and the Meaning of Work" 6030: 5547: 5137: 5132: 5013: 4595: 4496:

in workers cooperatives, and said that job satisfaction is high in workers cooperatives and that

2875: 2686: 2501:, New York City, is the largest cooperative housing development in the world, with 55,000 people. 2241: 2090: 1620: 1600: 1585: 1540: 1366: 1111: 1091: 1042: 1028: 1023: 1019: 980: 774: 295: 216: 14546: 3124:

Producer cooperatives among urban artisans were developed in the mid-19th-century in Germany by

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values are a source of job satisfaction. Within those types of organizations there are several

4376: 3428: 3422: 3088: 3011: 2390:

label. The marque is used today by thousands of cooperatives in more than a hundred countries.

2167: 2030: 1984: 1846: 1821: 1680: 1665: 1595: 1457: 1361: 1010: 910: 890: 880: 845: 726: 608: 382: 255: 169: 134: 98: 52: 42: 12001: 8510:

The Economics of Financial Cooperatives: Income Distribution, Political Economy and Regulation

7218: 6800:"How Economic Democracy Impacts Workers, Firms, and Communities | Democracy at Work Institute" 6458:

The Economics of Financial Cooperatives: Income Distribution, Political Economy and Regulation

6319: 4508:

factors that perform in a very characteristic manner, and which are key for job satisfaction.

2011:

based on the principle of mutuality, committed to self-help in the welfare of working people.

15349: 15246: 15056: 15036: 14996: 14981: 14826: 14806: 14586: 14361: 14336: 14279: 14229: 13677: 13622: 13487: 13477: 13472: 13301: 13120: 12608: 12457: 12437: 11781: 11647: 11412: 11377: 11337: 11085: 10906: 10410: 10346: 9992: 9878: 9807: 9662: 9547: 9509: 8880: 8826: 8816: 8793: 8758: 8753: 8356: 8255: 8213: 7454: 5978: 5626: 5107: 5058: 4988: 4574: 3937:

Equal pay for all positions (assuming a balanced share of responsibility and job complexity).

3846:

In Spain, since the law does not subject cooperatives to the collective agreements or to the

3611: 3398: 3378: 3329: 2739: 2720: 2290: 2264: 2079: 1861: 1810:

Producer cooperatives: businesses where producers pool their output for their common benefit

1562: 1444: 1432: 1324: 1317: 1292: 1254: 1229: 1179: 1086: 1047: 795: 551: 83: 7188: 6893:"New evidence on wages and employment in worker cooperatives compared with capitalist firms" 6230:(in Finnish). Helsinki: the Institute for the Languages of Finland and Kielikone Ltd. 2008. 6083: 5521: 5217: 5203: 3182:

the objective is the general benefit of the community and the social integration of citizens

3042:, where production resources such as land or machinery are pooled and members farm jointly. 15301: 15162: 15151: 15141: 15126: 15116: 15066: 15021: 15001: 14951: 14931: 14926: 14906: 14901: 14886: 14881: 14866: 14851: 14836: 14791: 14786: 14781: 14766: 14756: 14746: 14741: 14736: 14672: 14486: 14456: 14446: 14200: 14174: 13250: 13240: 13177: 13172: 13069: 13049: 12670: 12660: 12642: 12447: 11886: 11592: 11547: 11432: 11201: 11008: 11003: 10998: 10874: 10677: 10615: 10361: 10294: 10261: 10257: 10101: 10044: 9667: 9647: 9474: 9362: 9282: 8885: 8821: 8733: 8614: 8442: 8423: 7895: 7143: 5073: 4993: 4896: 4305: 3809:

Do the worker's managerial skills affect the worker's opportunity for both profit and loss?

3780:

Receives less extensive instructions on the work to be done, but not how it should be done;

3406: 3402: 3350: 2774: 2574: 2202: 2189: 2128: 1953: 1842: 1834: 1804: 1625: 1550: 1535: 1422: 1412: 1389: 1329: 1297: 1199: 1141: 903: 800: 676: 613: 7040: 8: 15236: 15121: 15111: 15096: 15076: 15071: 15051: 15031: 15026: 14991: 14986: 14976: 14956: 14911: 14891: 14811: 14801: 14731: 14626: 14516: 14397: 14311: 14274: 14249: 14214: 14189: 14156: 14145: 13967: 13957: 13872: 13840: 13753: 13682: 13355: 13271: 13200: 13187: 13162: 13135: 13125: 13044: 12929: 12804: 12731: 12691: 12630: 12625: 12620: 12601: 12586: 12482: 12427: 12091: 11916: 11891: 11572: 11392: 11347: 11256: 11246: 11156: 11146: 11125: 11095: 10993: 10933: 10775: 10770: 10765: 10752: 10723: 10640: 10557: 10513: 10508: 10501: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10135: 9997: 9957: 9719: 9689: 9557: 9418: 9342: 9332: 8973: 8920: 8831: 8803: 8725: 8705: 8692: 8583: 6144: 5112: 4957: 4862: 4372: 4335: 4110: 4024: 3651: 3535: 3516: 3433: 3374: 3082: 3029: 2987: 2975: 2922: 2814: 2747: 2716: 2707: 2672: 2658: 2635: 2580: 2570: 2534: 2463: 2424: 2387: 2329: 2267:

to offer online internet banking services to all of its members in October 1994. In 1996

2210: 2136: 2112: 2109: 2097: 1965: 1961: 1933: 1911: 1891: 1872: 1707: 1690: 1675: 1525: 1502: 1487: 1407: 1371: 1346: 1302: 1174: 1164: 1146: 1014: 970: 885: 865: 651: 405: 377: 231: 204: 199: 189: 11881: 11826: 11313: 9615: 8548: 7147: 5653:

https://davdva.sk/samuel-jurkovic-slovensky-narodny-buditel-a-zakladatel-druzstevnictva/

5143:

Polytechnic University of the Philippines College of Cooperatives and Social Development

1878:

Since 2002, cooperatives have been distinguishable on the Internet through the use of a

15294: 15106: 15091: 14971: 14966: 14961: 14936: 14871: 14821: 14816: 14601: 14526: 14341: 14331: 14234: 14168: 14134: 14088: 13426: 13375: 13333: 13306: 13211: 13147: 13142: 13130: 12899: 12819: 12563: 12380: 12312: 12273: 12011: 11966: 11951: 11736: 11507: 11274: 11221: 11181: 11050: 11040: 11019: 10859: 10760: 10702: 10588: 10530: 10444: 10304: 10284: 10269: 10223: 10196: 10108: 9987: 9912: 9729: 9694: 9605: 9562: 9532: 9504: 9499: 9469: 9443: 9267: 9219: 9168: 9053: 9013: 8895: 8778: 8628: 8536: 7862: 7758: 7254: 7169: 7003: 6577: 6526: 6344: 6270: 6254: 5255: 5172: 5147: 5033: 4966: 4670: 4654: 4646: 4000: 3976: 3868: 3546: 3500: 3476: 3390: 3153: 2962: 2854: 2631: 2609: 2514: 2286: 2268: 2198: 2000: 1798: 1791: 1670: 1545: 1530: 1497: 1492: 1482: 1477: 1427: 1351: 1259: 1224: 915: 571: 491: 464: 144: 139: 108: 14471: 13034: 11691: 8462: 2185:

in 1832 were key occasions in the creation of organized labor and consumer movements.

1787: 15266: 15196: 15041: 14946: 14841: 14556: 14426: 14209: 14162: 13927: 13804: 13657: 13517: 13195: 13152: 12974: 12864: 12854: 12784: 12613: 12502: 12497: 12462: 12432: 12126: 12066: 11851: 11562: 11303: 11191: 11186: 10988: 10803: 10782: 10662: 10620: 10523: 10434: 10391: 10371: 10331: 10299: 10057: 9927: 9819: 9783: 9773: 9734: 9724: 9652: 9642: 9572: 9099: 9038: 8890: 8278: 8239: 8082: 8062: 8041: 7946: 7866: 7854: 7735: 7689: 7511: 7480: 7373: 7258: 7246: 7194: 7173: 7161: 7103: 7083: 7007: 6995: 6912: 6659: 6530: 6231: 6225: 6197: 6102: 5699: 4722: 4447: 3906: 3745:

Any decision made by a coop member can be recalled if 50% of coop members request it.

3718: 3508: 3160: 2966: 2753:

Credit unions originated in mid-19th-century Germany through the efforts of pioneers

2494: 2182: 2132: 2086:, to promote Owen's thinking, having already set up a cooperative store in Brighton. 1650: 1557: 1513: 1439: 1312: 1219: 1189: 1126: 920: 631: 501: 389: 264: 226: 221: 12984: 12959: 12824: 8508: 2777:. Eight years later, Desjardins provided guidance for the first credit union in the 15287: 15176: 14616: 14561: 14476: 14346: 14321: 14264: 14239: 14140: 14082: 14050: 14035: 13972: 13912: 13882: 13862: 13830: 13794: 13777: 13765: 13672: 13632: 13542: 13537: 13407: 13395: 13286: 13094: 12994: 12889: 12834: 12789: 12779: 12764: 12650: 12553: 12522: 12349: 12337: 12210: 12076: 12061: 12036: 12016: 11846: 11776: 11686: 11657: 11642: 11617: 11577: 11567: 11532: 11527: 11472: 11447: 11437: 11407: 11367: 11176: 11161: 11110: 11090: 10958: 10938: 10847: 10496: 10439: 10366: 10336: 10170: 10125: 10070: 10062: 10052: 9829: 9753: 9593: 9567: 9552: 9459: 9277: 9259: 8915: 8868: 8852: 8715: 7936: 7846: 7366:"Trabajo retira la licencia a la "falsa cooperativa" cárnica Servicarne por fraude" 7236: 7226: 7151: 7075: 6987: 6904: 6569: 6518: 6121: 6065: 5375: 5152: 5088: 5048: 5003: 4971: 4929: 4765: 4658: 4493: 4446:

as a safe fund, which will allow the cooperative to face unexpected situations and

4380: 4325: 3992: 3615: 3460: 3313: 3106:(dairy products), which is the world's largest producer of milk and milk products, 3061: 3049: 2638: 2450:

There are specific forms of incorporation for cooperatives in some countries, e.g.

2272: 2178: 2120: 2105: 1945: 1702: 1520: 1462: 1287: 1282: 1244: 1081: 1076: 835: 709: 696: 641: 541: 11402: 11387: 8505:

in COOP DIALOGUE – An ICA ROAP Journal, vol. 4 No. 1–2 – pp. 13–22 and 17–33.

7436: 7219:"Associated work in a cooperative is neither dependent work nor selfemployed work" 6991: 5756:, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 14(5): 291–312. 5670:

TASR: Gazdovský spolok v Sobotišti bol prvým úverovým družstvom . In: SME (2010),

4126:

The amount required will vary depending on a lot of factors, such as for example:

3999:(p. 216). This is explained by their more democratic governance that reduces 3878: 3798:

Has a written contract that shows the relationship the worker and business intend.

2770: 2363: 15226: 14636: 14536: 14531: 14511: 14481: 14436: 14431: 14421: 14386: 14259: 14108: 13932: 13907: 13835: 13612: 13492: 12919: 12859: 12849: 12844: 12774: 12543: 12517: 12492: 12452: 12442: 12417: 12081: 12051: 11861: 11841: 11836: 11831: 11771: 11761: 11756: 11741: 11711: 11637: 11497: 11477: 11452: 11382: 11342: 11231: 11226: 11105: 11070: 11065: 11060: 10735: 10692: 10593: 10456: 10319: 10314: 10182: 10145: 10121: 9922: 9917: 9897: 9856: 9851: 9798: 9793: 9657: 9637: 9514: 9479: 9018: 8748: 8517: 8494: 8471: 8436: 8408: 8394: 8338: 8177: 8158: 8134: 8024: 8004: 7156: 7131: 6465: 6326: 6128: 6109: 6090: 5753: 5734: 5678: 5659: 5554: 4943: 4889: 4744: 4642: 4443: 4384: 4267: 4182: 4004: 3690: 3665:

internal democracy and working conditions for cooperative members and employees.

3096: 3057: 2641:

organisations, a term which persisted in some of their names (such as the former

2584: 2295: 2234: 2116: 1941: 1921: 1655: 1507: 1400: 1264: 1194: 1184: 1101: 998: 965: 930: 850: 830: 681: 636: 359: 184: 31: 14591: 14411: 11427: 7410: 6478: 5274:"Membership in Co-operative Businesses Reaches 1 Billion – Worldwatch Institute" 2398:. Organizations using .coop domain names must adhere to the basic co-op values. 15241: 15231: 14491: 14406: 14316: 14030: 14025: 14015: 13952: 13922: 13637: 13567: 13522: 13502: 13497: 13235: 13089: 13029: 12999: 12884: 12879: 12799: 12794: 12769: 12422: 12170: 12111: 12071: 12056: 12021: 11986: 11976: 11956: 11946: 11936: 11896: 11876: 11816: 11766: 11726: 11701: 11696: 11622: 11552: 11417: 11362: 11211: 10978: 10963: 10894: 10813: 10518: 10088: 9937: 9620: 9484: 9378: 9324: 9028: 8186: 8163: 7928: 7231: 6016: 5127: 4826: 4497: 4238: 3333: 3165: 2743: 2701: 2668: 2588: 2008: 1992: 1957: 1925: 1685: 1214: 1209: 1136: 1131: 1121: 975: 950: 925: 12175: 11806: 11482: 7068:"Workers' cooperatives in Italy: Between solidarity and autocratic centralism" 6908: 5604: 4692:

behaviors that can be found in cooperatives involve the formal structures and

4524:

Seeking to benefit the global environment and society while involving everyone

3987: 3756: 3576:

Research shows that, in the US, the 77% of the cooperatives have a 1:1 or 2:1

3511:

meaning someone cannot be a member if they support a party other than Labour.

3389:

may be organized on this basis. A volunteer-run co-op is distinguished from a

2490: 15338: 14651: 14606: 14571: 14551: 14506: 14461: 14356: 14306: 14224: 14045: 13992: 13577: 13572: 13552: 13370: 13084: 13064: 13054: 12979: 12934: 12914: 12904: 12829: 12809: 12200: 12041: 12031: 11996: 11971: 11941: 11871: 11866: 11801: 11796: 11716: 11652: 11632: 11542: 11522: 11502: 11352: 11120: 11055: 11045: 11013: 10864: 10852: 10818: 10728: 10714: 10667: 10309: 9891: 9812: 9760: 9699: 9537: 9403: 9109: 9069: 8181: 7950: 7858: 7377: 7250: 7165: 7079: 6999: 6916: 5747:

Ridley-Duff, R. J. (2008) "Social Enterprise as a Socially Rational Business"

5689:Ľudovít Štúr: Hospodársky ústav v Sobotišti, Orol tatranski 3. 2. 1846, č. 20 4550: 4437: 4254: 3852: 3523: 2979: 2818: 2773:, he opened North America's first credit union, marking the beginning of the 2646: 2307: 2048: 1991:

forms of cooperation between workers and owners that are expressed today as "

1660: 1096: 943: 443: 410: 60: 11612: 3102:

Commercially successful agricultural marketing cooperatives include India's

2537:, or retail and more than half were in the United States, Italy, or France. 2021:(1771–1858) was a social reformer and a pioneer of the cooperative movement. 561: 15191: 15181: 14656: 14581: 14521: 14496: 14441: 14093: 14055: 14020: 13547: 13482: 13281: 13074: 13024: 13019: 13009: 12989: 12944: 12939: 12924: 12814: 12749: 12548: 12507: 12141: 12121: 12116: 12106: 12046: 11921: 11786: 11512: 11492: 11487: 11457: 11357: 10879: 10545: 10481: 10140: 9952: 9947: 9907: 9868: 9074: 9008: 8700: 8427: 8344: 6522: 5559: 5093: 5078: 5028: 4900: 4748: 4677: 4331: 4299: 4212: 4199:

They are usually in the form of cash, but can also be in the form of other

4055: 3410: 3317: 3025: 3021: 2735: 2711: 2505: 2419: 2379: 2163: 2162:) founded in 1845 by Samuel Jurkovič, was the first cooperative in Europe ( 2124: 2045: 1937: 1239: 1116: 1106: 818: 521: 511: 11751: 8193: 7927:

Castel, Davy; Lemoine, Claude; Durand-Delvigne, Annick (1 November 2011).

7838: 7339:"La Audiencia Nacional confirma que Servicarne es una "falsa cooperativa"" 6682:. Government of Alberta: Agriculture and Rural Development. Archived from 5590:"Dr. William King and the Co-operator, 1828–1830, T. W. MERCER, OL6459685M 4355:

company is established, they resell all or part of the subscribed shares.

3783:

Receives training from the business about required procedures and methods;

2671:

such as electricity, water or telecommunications services to its members.

14661: 14631: 14621: 14576: 14451: 14040: 13962: 13652: 13562: 13365: 13099: 13079: 12954: 12949: 12909: 12894: 12839: 12744: 12205: 12195: 12146: 12136: 12131: 12101: 11931: 11906: 11901: 11856: 11721: 11662: 11602: 11557: 11372: 11279: 11241: 11115: 11035: 10787: 10486: 10396: 10324: 10175: 9803: 9588: 9089: 7850: 5162: 5097: 5008: 4821: 4817: 4752: 4700:

Non-open and non-democratic decision-making: democratic spaces are often

4368: 4364: 3832: 3683: 3539: 3512: 3386: 3360:

for the purpose of fostering an equitable social and economic landscape.

3325: 3309: 2810: 2728: 2583:

is a legal mechanism for ownership of housing where residents either own

2051: 2018: 1973: 1695: 1234: 875: 860: 755: 657: 194: 179: 12478:"From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs" 7941: 7547:"10 Facts About Cooperative Enterprise – Grassroots Economic Organizing" 5601:"Lloyds Bank – Banking With Us – Our History, Heritage & Who We Are" 4778: 1831:

Second- and third-tier cooperatives whose members are other cooperatives

15221: 15206: 15201: 14646: 14118: 13770: 13647: 13617: 13512: 12969: 12964: 12874: 12869: 12215: 12151: 11821: 11811: 11731: 10869: 10740: 10605: 10564: 10540: 10415: 10376: 10074: 10066: 9942: 9863: 9824: 9768: 7546: 7241: 6768:"What do we really know about worker co‑operatives? | Co-operatives UK" 6581: 6112:. Northwest Cooperative Development Centre. Retrieved on: 31 July 2011. 6060: 5406:"Mondragón: One of Spain's largest corporations belongs to its workers" 5338: 5259: 5243: 5082: 4885: 4689: 4650: 4609: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3815:

Does the worker exercise independent business judgement and initiative?

3806:

Is the worker performing work that is an integral part of the business?

3382: 3370: 2724: 2249: 2063: 2059: 1979:

cooperatives to achieve a useful condition of artificial roads such as

788: 714: 480: 430: 7286:"Falses cooperatives: un atac al cooperativisme i a les treballadores" 6375:"NTUC Fairprice dominated Singapore's retailers scene in 2018: report" 5482: 2474:

The cooperative share capital or co-operative share capital (in short

2275:, became the second online bank in the world and the first in Europe. 1886:(ICA) introduced the Cooperative Marque, meaning ICA cooperatives and 15261: 15211: 14541: 14103: 13662: 13557: 13449: 13345: 13059: 13004: 12759: 12568: 12403: 12263: 12258: 12185: 12006: 11791: 11746: 11681: 11537: 11141: 11080: 10968: 10838: 10709: 10635: 10600: 10424: 10351: 10289: 10247: 10116: 9932: 9902: 9873: 9242: 9043: 8738: 8499: 8482:, a curriculum on cooperative business for secondary school students. 6974:

Cristini, Annalisa; Grasseni, Mara; Signori, Silvana (15 July 2023).

5369:

Co-operative Business Survival: Co-operatives UK Research Report 2019

5167: 4998: 4726: 4705: 4701: 4693: 4638: 4505: 4501: 3996: 3766: 3132:

of 1867) that facilitated such cooperatives. At about the same time,

3065: 3038:

provide various services to their individual farming members, and to

2838: 2498: 2075: 2004: 1857: 1169: 1071: 1064: 8401: 6573: 4584: 3273:: self-employed people who have opened a store under the Färm brand. 2864: 2645:). Nowadays such self-building may be financed using a step-by-step 2278:

By 2004 a new association focused on worker co-ops was founded, the

1999:

of the charity principles that underpinned welfare reforms when the

14566: 14123: 13809: 13627: 13316: 13311: 13205: 12596: 12283: 12278: 12180: 11706: 10650: 10645: 10610: 10471: 10381: 9840: 6854: 6825:"Working Conditions and Wages in the Social and Solidarity Economy" 5548:

Strike Rochdale from the record books. The Co-op began in Scotland.

4874: 4734: 4557: 4428: 4234: 4194: 3305: 3115: 2680: 2676: 2459: 2303: 2193: 2140: 2101: 2094: 2034: 1852:

Worker cooperatives are typically more productive and economically

1783: 1005: 960: 686: 8543: 7223:

CIRIEC – España. Revista de economía pública, social y cooperativa

6298:. the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). 2015. p. 38. 6212:, osuuskunnan jäsenten maksamista osuusmaksuista kertynyt pääoma.' 5800:"Stanford Federal Credit Union Pioneers Online Financial Services" 3427:

In some cases, cooperative societies find it advantageous to form

3189:

type A cooperatives provide health, social or educational services

15251: 13467: 12591: 12096: 11991: 10911: 10386: 10341: 9778: 9714: 9033: 8926: 6555: 5063: 3614:, which has provided long term stable jobs for the population of 3357: 3092: 2451: 2411: 2071: 2067: 2041: 1980: 840: 164: 8487:

India: Re-inventing cooperatives by increasing youth involvement

7578:"In Pictures: Banks vs. Credit Unions in the Financial Crisis -" 6312: 5574:"Full text of "Dr. William King and the Co-operator, 1828–1830"" 3752:

information (and what is not) and guarantee a full access to it.

2367:

The Co-op Marque, a symbol used by co-operatives internationally

14416: 14351: 12739: 12026: 11961: 10672: 9433: 7312:"La CGT desvela el fraude masivo en el uso de las cooperativas" 6946:"First Global Report on "Cooperatives and Employment" – CICOPA" 5334:"Worker Cooperatives Are More Productive Than Normal Companies" 4937: 3879:

Suggestions to improve workers’ conditions within a cooperative

2510: 1988: 1722: 15323: 13402: 12356: 12332: 8387:

Co-ops: The Changing Face of Employment in the Green Mountains

7437:"The Economic Theory of Socialism and the Labour-managed Firm" 4951: 4923: 4528:

The extrinsic factors that make work in coops satisfying are:

4515:

Reducing the gap between the conception and execution of tasks

3691:

Suggestions to improve internal democracy within a cooperative

3128:, who also promoted changes to the legal system (the Prussian 2630:

This collective effort was at the origin of many of Britain's

2285:

The cooperative movement has been fueled globally by ideas of

327:

Charitable incorporated organisation (England and Wales)

14641: 10656: 10093: 9200: 8933: 7501:

Resilience in a downturn: The power of financial cooperatives

6227:

Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish / Kielitoimiston sanakirja

4983: 4434:

dividends reduces the potential amount of patronage refunds.

4200: 3630: 3321: 3111: 2383: 2253: 2055: 1949: 1879: 1643: 805: 767:, is held to account at an annual general meeting of members. 13418: 12372: 10215: 9211: 8544:

United Nations 2012 International Year of Cooperatives (IYC)

8417:

Affinities: A Journal of Radical Theory, Culture, and Action

7926: 4712:

are still underrepresented in responsibility jobs in co-ops.

4461: 4363:

Other forms of equity investments used by cooperatives are:

3252:: members of staff working at Färm, who currently number 36; 2702:

Credit unions, cooperative banking and cooperative insurance

2525:

The top 300 largest cooperatives were listed in 2007 by the

2339:

Democratic member control, with each member having one vote.

9788: 7933:

Perspectives interdisciplinaires sur le travail et la santé

5436:"Community investment index: giving back to neighbourhoods" 4895:

Cooperatives feature prominently in the Martian economy in

3757:

Legal status of cooperative workers: employees or employed?

3179:

the cooperative has legal personality and limited liability

3103: 2978:. This system was advocated by the Indian communist leader 2594:

Housing cooperatives come in three basic equity structures

2395: 1801:: businesses owned and managed by the people who work there 8464:

Cooperatives: Principles and practices in the 21st century

8341:

2005. Article on graphic design and printing cooperatives.

7132:"Developing democracy: cooperatives and democratic theory" 6680:"New Generation Cooperatives – 10 Things You Need to Know" 68: 8578: 6705: 6224:"osuuspääoma, (translation: cooperative share capital)". 4869: 4230: 4020: 1249: 8503:

Production Cooperative – A Tool for National Development

8289:"The Co-operative firm – Keywords, Roma: RomaTrE-Press." 5948: 5458:"1473 letter of intent to build a road, in (old) german" 4244: 4229:, who, after occupying and taking back the control of a 3792:

Has the opportunity to realize a profit or incur a loss;

3580:, whereas the average large corporation in the US has a 3526:

has publicly expressed support for worker cooperatives.

8018:

Membership in Co-operative Businesses Reaches 1 Billion

6973: 6558:"Cooperatives as an aid to small businesses in Germany" 6507:"100 Jahre deutsches Genossenschaftsgesetz (1889–1989)" 5302: 4906:

and in a speculative future Earth economy in his novel

8332:"Consider the Collective: More than business as usual" 8007:

Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Organization

7136:

International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development

5244:"The Soviet Collective Farm as a Producer Cooperative" 4977:

Worker representation on corporate boards of directors

4565:

sense of ownership of their own jobs and workplaces".

3110:(dairy products) in the United States, and Malaysia's 2994: 2259:

Cooperative banks were first to adopt online banking.

15312: 4518:

Increasing task significance (making work meaningful)

4470: 4035:

compared with only 20 percent for other enterprises.

3931:

and/or difficult meetings, celebrations in the coop).

7364:

Gómez, Manuel V.; Sevillano, Elena G. (2 May 2019).

6745:"Jeremy Corbyn's two key actions for co-ops to take" 6495:, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1989), p. 50. 6452: 6450: 6448: 6427:"Migros and Coop among the world's top 50 retailers" 6015:. International Cooperative Alliance. Archived from 5933:. International Cooperative Alliance. Archived from 4919: 4759: 4358: 2509:

The two largest supermarkets chains in Switzerland,

2188:

Friendly Societies established forums through which

1890:

credit unions can also be identified through a coop

8324:

The cooperative movement of Brazil and South Africa

6345:"Päivittäistavarakauppa ry – Finnish grocery trade" 6256:

Co-operatives Act 1488/2001, Unofficial translation

3593:whereas in CF it does (CF create less employment). 3416: 3397:, whereas the volunteer cooperative is typically a 3136:developed similar cooperatives among rural people. 2889:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2427:invested. Cooperatives may be classified as either 6479:"Fédération des CAE – Qu'est-ce qu'une CAE ?" 6181:. The Finnish Terminology Centre. 26 January 2009. 4808: 4043: 3503:in the early 20th century to represent members of 3470: 3216: 27:Autonomous association of persons or organizations 8281:. "The International Co-operative Movement", 1997 6891:Burdín, Gabriel; Dean, Andrés (1 December 2009). 6445: 5895: 4820:mentions their role in working-class life during 4725:: non-binary people tend to earn less money than 3139: 2401: 15336: 7992: 7990: 6511:Zeitschrift für das gesamte Genossenschaftswesen 5927:"Co-operative identity, values & principles" 4438:Unallocated Retained Earnings, or "cushion fund" 4253:cooperatives, one way to get finance is getting 3934:All time on worker cooperative business is paid. 3186:unemployment, race, sexual orientation or abuse. 1868:), has been in continuous operation since 1956. 8194:Japanese Consumers' Co-operative Union (2003). 8128:"Teach Your Children Well: Don't Play Monopoly" 5218:"Cooperative identity, values & principles" 4088: 2280:United States Federation of Worker Cooperatives 2139:'. A group of 28 weavers and other artisans in 7363: 7216: 6619:In 2011 the official total was 11,264: ISTAT, 6191: 5979:"Co-operatives, adopt the Co-operative Marque" 4442:Part of the benefits of a cooperative must be 4285: 3825: 2323: 335:Scottish charitable incorporated organisation 13434: 12388: 10231: 9227: 8564: 8233: 7987: 7638:"Credit Unions Twice as Trusted as Big Banks" 6292:Guidance Notes to the Co-operative Principles 5254:(4). American Economic Association: 734–757. 5186: 3789:Is not reimbursed for some business expenses; 3296: 2769:in Quebec, Canada. In 1900, from his home in 2115:at which his poorest parishioners could hold 2078:, although ultimately unsuccessful. In 1828, 1747: 734: 7108:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6194:CD-Facta 2005: suomenkielinen tietosanakirja 4637:Since cooperatives are based on values like 4050:History of cooperatives in the United States 3545:Cooperatives are often said to offer better 3293:Members receive a 2% discount on purchases. 2794: 2634:, which however, developed into "permanent" 2517:, are cooperatives. The third largest bank, 2469: 1916:History of the cooperative movement in China 41:"Co-op" redirects here. For other uses, see 8103:The Toolbox for Education and Social Action 7759:"A11 Report – Alberta Co-op Survival (PDF)" 7753: 7751: 6504: 6078: 6076: 5770:"History of the cooperative movement | ICA" 5764: 5762: 5403: 4661:in the market. In statements in advance of 4453: 4390: 4341: 2804:Spółdzielcze Kasy Oszczędnościowo-Kredytowe 15217:Definition of anarchism and libertarianism 13441: 13427: 12395: 12381: 10238: 10224: 9234: 9220: 8571: 8557: 7434: 6890: 6621:9° Censimento dell'industria e dei servizi 6608:Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics 6556:Gerhard Weisser, Bertel Fassnacht (1959). 4535:Increased confidence in elected management 4338:themselves limit the equity investments). 4027:outperformed their competitors during the 3522:Former leader of the British Labour Party 2358: 1754: 1740: 741: 727: 8979:ICA Statement on the Cooperative Identity 8236:"Japan: Consumer Co-op Movement in Japan" 7940: 7240: 7230: 7155: 5363: 5361: 5118:Mutual Ownership Defense Housing Division 4625:Learn how and when to remove this message 4532:A higher level of shared business culture 3959:employee-owned firms’ way of organising. 3604: 3487:are prime examples of such arrangements. 3005: 2949:Learn how and when to remove this message 2827: 2540: 2231:National Cooperative Business Association 1824:where members pool their purchasing power 7836: 7748: 7283: 7066:Semenzin, Devi Sacchetto, Marco (2015), 7065: 6073: 5910: 5858:, Cambridge University Press, Chapter 1. 5759: 5721: 4568: 4146: 4076: 3363: 3207:Société coopérative d'intérêt collective 3095:, grading, packing, transport, storage, 2731:, a pioneer in the cooperative movement. 2715: 2504: 2489: 2485: 2410:Cooperative of agricultural products of 2405: 2362: 2145: 2013: 754: 10693:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Gonzalo Thought 7826: 7824: 7822: 7820: 7818: 7816: 7814: 7812: 7810: 7808: 7806: 7336: 6170: 6168: 6166: 5985:. International Co-operative Alliance. 5854:Rothschild, J., Allen-Whitt, J. (1986) 5714:Rothschild, J., Allen-Whitt, J. (1986) 5194:"Statement on the Cooperative Identity" 4841:"Gone down the Co-op for a tin of jam." 4399: 4168: 4159: 3948: 3786:Has significant investment in the work; 3344: 3071: 2813:, there is a clear distinction between 2177:Other events such as the founding of a 14: 15337: 14220:Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA 10698:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path 8461:Zeuli, Kimebrly A. and Cropp, Robert. 8171:Cooperatives On the Path to Socialism? 7922: 7920: 7918: 7916: 7890: 7888: 7886: 7884: 7882: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7804: 7802: 7800: 7798: 7796: 7794: 7792: 7790: 7788: 7786: 7740:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 7694:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 7485:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 7212: 7210: 7129: 6698: 6664:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 6646:from the original on 20 September 2020 6037:. International Cooperative Alliance. 5955:. International Cooperative Alliance. 5880: 5593: 5489:from the original on 10 September 2013 5358: 3020:Major purchasing cooperatives include 2667:that is tasked with the delivery of a 2652: 2564: 2133:Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers 1908:Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers 1897: 765:Oxford, Swindon & Gloucester Co-op 436:Limited liability limited partnership 351:Industrial and provident society 13422: 13292:Mass killings under communist regimes 12376: 12238:International socialist organizations 10219: 9215: 8955: 8594: 8552: 8287:Bernardi A., Monni S., eds., (2016), 8099:"Co-opoly: The Game of Co-operatives" 7896:"Distributing Returns – Cooperatives" 7837:Duffy, Michael; Shi, Chenxia (2023). 7676:from the original on 6 September 2018 7644:from the original on 29 November 2018 7575: 7435:Jossa, Bruno; Cuomo, Gaetano (1997). 7396: 7394: 7284:Aragonés, Vidal (22 September 2019). 7279: 7277: 7125: 7123: 7121: 7119: 7072:Social Economy in China and the World 7025: 7023: 7021: 7019: 7017: 6969: 6967: 6940: 6938: 6936: 6934: 6932: 6930: 6928: 6926: 6886: 6884: 6882: 6880: 6878: 6876: 6849: 6847: 6845: 6794: 6792: 6790: 6788: 6762: 6760: 6758: 6485: 6355:from the original on 13 November 2017 6305:from the original on 9 October 2022. 6084:Statement on the Cooperative Identity 5836:from the original on 21 December 2018 5806:from the original on 21 December 2018 5633:from the original on 7 September 2015 5416:from the original on 10 December 2020 5385:from the original on 10 December 2020 5241: 5024:Decentralized autonomous organization 4319: 4245:Foundations and Governments financing 4104: 3970: 3645: 3622:cooperatives tend to be longer term. 3529: 3213:tax relief, has limited its take-up. 3147: 2848: 2555: 533:Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung 9157:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 8458:, New York: ILR Press/Itchaca, 1991. 8109:from the original on 17 January 2014 7588:from the original on 1 December 2018 7187:Dahl, Robert A. (24 November 2020). 7186: 6433:from the original on 25 October 2019 6407:from the original on 25 October 2019 6381:from the original on 25 October 2019 6163: 6082:International Cooperative Alliance. 5959:from the original on 5 November 2019 5346:from the original on 26 January 2021 5331: 5313:from the original on 22 October 2017 4773: 4607:adding citations to reliable sources 4578: 4349: 3882: 3795:Receives benefits from the business; 3694: 3542:to the capitalist to earn a salary. 3453: 3393:in that the latter is by definition 3040:agricultural production cooperatives 3000:Business and employment cooperatives 2887:adding citations to reliable sources 2858: 12319: 9196:History of the cooperative movement 8667:International Co-operative Alliance 8306:Developing Successful Worker Co-ops 7913: 7873: 7783: 7618:from the original on 28 August 2019 7207: 5869:The Labour Party: A Marxist History 5619: 5054:History of the cooperative movement 4483: 4414: 4261: 4177: 4038: 3953: 3859:, hired by meat industries such as 3481:Cooperative Commonwealth Federation 3467:are examples of such arrangements. 3245:: the members of Färm's management; 2995:Business and employment cooperative 2663:A utility cooperative is a type of 2606:Limited equity housing cooperatives 2527:International Co-operative Alliance 2382:could be distinguished by use of a 2348:Education, training and information 2328:Many cooperatives follow the seven 2219:International Co-operative Alliance 1904:History of the cooperative movement 1884:International Co-operative Alliance 24: 9273:Accidental death and dismemberment 8532:Venezuela's Cooperative Revolution 8308:, London: Sage Publications, 1988. 7527:from the original on 12 April 2019 7391: 7274: 7116: 7014: 6964: 6923: 6873: 6842: 6785: 6755: 6716:from the original on 29 March 2014 6706:"Plaid Cymru Credit Union website" 6588:from the original on 21 March 2019 6151:from the original on 14 March 2019 6145:"Australian Co-operative Glossary" 5896:Piñeiro Harnecker, Camila (2012). 5883:Worker Cooperatives and Revolution 5780:from the original on 14 March 2021 5480: 5199:International Cooperative Alliance 4882:Co-opoly: The Game of Cooperatives 4863:the eponymous housing co-operative 4667:International Cooperative Alliance 4471:Allocate the losses to the members 3465:International Cooperative Alliance 2796:coopérative d'épargne et de credit 2123:, which was the first established 25: 15386: 13246:Criticism of communist party rule 8595: 8525: 8350:Consumers' Co-operative Societies 7771:from the original on 14 July 2016 7557:from the original on 1 April 2017 7508:International Labour Organization 6747:. 16 October 2017. Archived from 6537:from the original on 27 June 2018 6320:Urban Mass: A Look at Co-op City. 6041:from the original on 9 April 2018 5989:from the original on 7 March 2016 5867:Cliff, T., Cluckstein, D. (1988) 5103:Mondragón Cooperative Corporation 4760:Cooperatives in socialist thought 4359:Other forms of equity investments 4068:History of cooperatives in Canada 3909:and remove advice or instruction. 3721:and remove advice or instruction. 3036:Agricultural service cooperatives 2799:' in French-speaking countries). 2342:Economic participation by members 2229:Union. In the United States, the 2209:From the mid-nineteenth century, 2156:The Association of Administrators 2058:, and his partners purchased the 1728:Business and economics portal 15322: 15281: 14255:International Conference of Rome 14245:International Conference of Rome 13401: 13389: 13267:21st-century communist theorists 12355: 12343: 12331: 12318: 12307: 12306: 9399:Directors and officers liability 8121: 8091: 8071: 8051: 8030: 8010: 7998:"Gender issues in cooperatives." 7957: 7576:Cropp, Matt (22 November 2011). 7467:from the original on 5 July 2016 6897:Journal of Comparative Economics 6401:"Top ranking retailers in Italy" 6178:The Bank and Finance Terminology 5332:Chen, Michelle (26 March 2016). 5303:"The World Co-operative Monitor" 5069:List of co-operative federations 4950: 4936: 4922: 4830:(2010), the first volume of his 4777: 4733:The strongest manifestations of 4665:in early 2013, President of the 4583: 4151: 4003:and subsequent contributions to 3887: 3699: 3449:List of Co-operative Federations 3417:Federal or secondary cooperative 2863: 2620:zero-equity housing cooperatives 2600:market-rate housing cooperatives 2456:industrial and provident society 2062:mill from Owen's father-in-law, 1721: 759:The volunteer board of a retail 578:Société à responsabilité limitée 67: 12528:Dictatorship of the proletariat 12162: 11673: 11329: 11290: 11266: 10974:Dictatorship of the proletariat 8196:"co.op, 2003 Facts and Figures" 8144: 7830: 7702: 7656: 7630: 7600: 7569: 7539: 7493: 7447: 7428: 7403: 7357: 7330: 7304: 7265: 7180: 7130:Kaswan, Mark J. (3 July 2014). 7059: 7033: 6817: 6737: 6728: 6672: 6626: 6613: 6600: 6562:Law & Contemporary Problems 6549: 6498: 6471: 6419: 6393: 6367: 6337: 6283: 6247: 6217: 6185: 6137: 6115: 6101:Andrew McLeod (December 2006). 6095: 6053: 6023: 6001: 5971: 5941: 5919: 5904: 5889: 5874: 5861: 5848: 5826:"History – About us – OP Group" 5818: 5802:(Press release). 21 June 1995. 5792: 5740: 5708: 5692: 5683: 5664: 5645: 5603:. Lloydstsb.com. Archived from 5584: 5566: 5540: 5514: 5501: 5474: 5450: 4809:Cooperatives in popular culture 4696:that conform} the cooperative: 4594:needs additional citations for 4492:. (2011) performed research on 4462:Make use of the "cushion funds" 4311: 4293: 4206: 4138: 4044:In the United States of America 3940:40 days of vacation (at least). 3538:and workers have to sell their 3471:Cooperative political movements 3217:Multi-stakeholding in retailing 3126:Franz Hermann Schulze-Delitzsch 2874:needs additional citations for 2300:declining influence of the USSR 30:For the personality trait, see 14367:Australian Anarchist Centenary 14292:German Revolution of 1918–1919 11217:Organizational self-management 9049:Socially responsible investing 8454:Whyte, W. F. and Whyte, K. K. 8378:, Open University Press, 1989. 8161:(February 2015), Carl Ratner, 7337:Bárcena, Selina (9 May 2023). 7217:Fajardo García, Gemma (2021). 6829:SSE Knowledge Hub for the SDGs 6196:(in Finnish). Helsinki: WSOY. 5526:Social Welfare History Project 5428: 5397: 5325: 5295: 5266: 5235: 5210: 5081:(a producer cooperative & 4657:as well as increase their own 3438:cooperation among cooperatives 3140:Multi-stakeholder cooperatives 2755:Franz Herman Schulze'Delitzsch 2529:. 80% were involved in either 2402:Cooperatives as legal entities 2351:Cooperation among cooperatives 2223:World Council of Credit Unions 2127:that would be merged into the 1841:The Research published by the 13: 1: 14006:Decentralized planned economy 13448: 12468:Critique of political economy 12402: 11197:Free association of producers 10954:Critique of political economy 10245: 9241: 8672:Cooperative wholesale society 8294:Cooperative League of America 6992:10.1080/00036846.2022.2118963 6175:"cooperative share capital". 5179: 5044:Employee stock ownership plan 4304:Crowd lending, also known as 4029:financial crisis of 2007–2008 3196:voting is one person one vote 2336:Voluntary and open membership 2261:Stanford Federal Credit Union 2170:said about the association: " 1383:management information system 1034:Chief human resources officer 13603:Proletarian internationalism 13361:Socialist mode of production 13277:Anti-communist mass killings 13219:Workers of the world, unite! 12488:Proletarian internationalism 12294:Socialist calculation debate 12269:Economic calculation problem 11237:Socialist mode of production 10166:Savings and loan association 9095:Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen 8848:Health insurance cooperative 8711:Savings and loan association 7157:10.1080/19463138.2014.951048 5718:, Cambridge University Press 5404:Kontrast.at (8 March 2020). 5248:The American Economic Review 4422: 4188: 4089:Self financing (social base) 4061: 4010: 3497:British cooperative movement 3134:Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen 2759:Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen 2746:organizations and adhere to 2727:. The statue in front is of 2396:suffix of internet addresses 1970:Savings and loan association 1864:(founded by Catholic priest 1377:Enterprise resource planning 1205:Financial statement analysis 460:Massachusetts business trust 36:Cooperative (disambiguation) 7: 14302:1919 United States bombings 13329:Marx's theory of alienation 12362:Organized Labour portal 11091:Socialisation of production 9599:Insurance-linked securities 8415:"The New Cooperativism" in 8362:The History of Co-operation 8061:1984, Seal Press, Seattle. 8040:, 2010, Pan Books, London, 6493:Cooperatives in Agriculture 5123:Mutualism (economic theory) 5019:Danish cooperative movement 4915: 4909:The Ministry for the Future 4770:Mutualism (economic theory) 4716:Interpersonal relationships 4541:Collective decision-making. 4286:Concessional/Flexible Loans 3826:The problem of labour fraud 3636: 3302:New generation cooperatives 2521:, is a cooperative as well. 2324:Co-op principles and values 2318: 2131:between 1970 and 1985. The 1866:José María Arizmendiarrieta 647:Piercing the corporate veil 343:Community interest company 318:UK / Ireland / Commonwealth 306:Economic interest grouping 10: 15391: 15257:Situationist International 14327:Spanish Revolution of 1936 14185:Self-managed social center 11598:Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin 11423:Victor Prosper Considerant 9288:Total permanent disability 8956: 8479:Understanding Cooperatives 8384:Van Deusen, David. (2006) 7900:cooperatives.extension.org 7318:(in Spanish). 1 March 2007 7232:10.7203/CIRIEC-E.103.20685 5911:D. Wolff, Richard (2012). 5898:Cooperatives and Socialism 5629:. Gazetteer for Scotland. 5158:Stock exchange cooperative 4763: 4572: 4521:Developing workers’ skills 4426: 4403: 4323: 4297: 4276: 4265: 4223:Collettivo di Fabbrica GKN 4210: 4192: 4108: 4065: 4047: 3974: 3649: 3446: 3420: 3348: 3297:New generation cooperative 3151: 3009: 2852: 2705: 2656: 2608:, which are often used by 2568: 2544: 2313: 2160:The Association of Farmers 1919: 1901: 416:Limited liability company 40: 29: 15276: 15161: 14721: 14671: 14396: 14382:Really Really Free Market 14377:1999 Seattle WTO protests 14199: 14071: 13981: 13945: 13898: 13821: 13752: 13743: 13693: 13668:Temporary autonomous zone 13593:Permanent autonomous zone 13528:Consensus decision-making 13456: 13384: 13259: 13228: 13186: 13108: 12730: 12679: 12641: 12577: 12536: 12410: 12302: 12251: 12228: 12160: 11671: 11463:William Batchelder Greene 11398:Francisco Largo Caballero 11327: 11288: 11264: 11255: 11134: 10924: 10796: 10751: 10573: 10409: 10268: 10255: 10191: 10043: 10028:Health insurance coverage 9968: 9752: 9581: 9523: 9452: 9371: 9323: 9293:Business overhead expense 9258: 9249: 9191: 9163:United Farmers of Alberta 9149: 9118: 9062: 8987: 8966: 8962: 8951: 8908: 8861: 8840: 8802: 8769: 8724: 8691: 8684: 8652: 8612: 8605: 8601: 8590: 7193:. Yale University Press. 6909:10.1016/j.jce.2009.08.001 6861:(in Catalan). 25 May 2017 5856:The cooperative workplace 5716:The Cooperative Workplace 4663:International Women's Day 3983:Capital and the Debt Trap 3867:, which according to the 3485:United Farmers of Alberta 3316:. For example, producing 3079:Agricultural cooperatives 2470:Cooperative share capital 2345:Autonomy and independence 2248:for his invention of the 1958:Labour law § History 1815:Agricultural cooperatives 1039:Chief information officer 871:Limited liability company 627:Internal affairs doctrine 622:and estoppel corporations 15365:Types of business entity 14372:Carnival Against Capital 14297:Bavarian Soviet Republic 14286:Manifesto of the Sixteen 14180:Radical environmentalism 14129:Independent Media Center 14061:Workers' self-management 13508:Autonomous social center 12513:Workers' self-management 11608:Friedrich Wilhelm Schulz 11101:Socialist market economy 9429:Protection and indemnity 9175:Nepal Co-operative Party 8493:25 February 2011 at the 8337:19 November 2010 at the 8304:Cornforth, C. J. et al. 8059:Murder in the Collective 7965:"What is a Cooperative?" 7080:10.4324/9781315718286-10 6089:27 November 2020 at the 6061:"What is a co-operative" 5733:5 September 2008 at the 5553:9 September 2017 at the 5039:Employee stock ownership 4872:drama television series 4851:Murder in the Collective 4454:Redistribution of losses 4391:Redistribution of profit 4342:Direct equity investment 3774:Internal Revenue Service 3567: 3339: 3108:Dairy Farmers of America 2793:crédito' in Spanish or ' 2765:movement was started by 2246:Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2027:Fenwick Weavers' Society 1930:Collegium (ancient Rome) 1052:Chief technology officer 986:Mergers and acquisitions 956:Constitutional documents 781:Management of a business 51:This article is part of 14001:Cost the limit of price 13351:Revolutionary socialism 12559:Socialization (Marxism) 11319:Étienne-Gabriel Morelly 11309:Gabriel Bonnot de Mably 10989:Equality of opportunity 10944:Criticism of capitalism 10688:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism 10445:Left-wing laissez-faire 9886:Explanation of benefits 9358:Variable universal life 8448:Problems Of Cooperation 8435:20 October 2014 at the 8419:, Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2010 8407:17 October 2016 at the 8376:Reluctant Entrepreneurs 8176:9 February 2015 at the 8157:9 February 2015 at the 8027:," WorldWatch Institute 7843:SSRN Electronic Journal 5677:18 January 2021 at the 5627:"Rev. Dr. Henry Duncan" 5138:Participatory economics 5133:Participatory democracy 5014:Cost the limit of price 3582:CEO-to-worker pay ratio 3578:top-to-bottom pay ratio 3505:consumers' cooperatives 3429:cooperative federations 3264:Suppliers and producers 3200: 2687:Rural Utilities Service 2359:Co-op Marque and domain 2242:Artturi Ilmari Virtanen 1822:Purchasing cooperatives 1112:Environmental economics 1092:International economics 1043:Chief marketing officer 1029:Chief financial officer 1024:Chief operating officer 1020:Chief executive officer 981:International trade law 775:Business administration 297:Societas unius personae 159:General corporate forms 14797:Bosnia and Herzegovina 13608:Propaganda of the deed 13598:Prefigurative politics 13588:Participatory politics 13533:Conscientious objector 11982:José Carlos Mariátegui 11927:E. M. S. Namboodiripad 11912:Martin Luther King Jr. 11588:Luis Emilio Recabarren 11583:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon 11518:Alexandre Ledru-Rollin 11207:Labor-time calculation 11172:Decentralized planning 11076:Proletarian revolution 11031:State-owned enterprise 10949:Criticism of socialism 10023:Health insurance costs 9424:Professional liability 9004:Cooperative federalism 8999:Co-operative economics 8470:29 August 2006 at the 8357:Holyoake, George Jacob 8299:Co-operation 1921–1947 8263:Cite journal requires 8234:Isao Takamura (1995). 8221:Cite journal requires 8081:, 2007, Carol MRP Co, 6523:10.1515/zfgg-1989-0116 6491:Cobia, David, editor, 6325:2 October 2011 at the 6275:: CS1 maint: others ( 6031:"Coop Marque Register" 5881:Wright, Chris (2014). 5509:The Ownership Solution 4786:This section is empty. 4737:in cooperatives are: 4377:social venture capital 4165:more money out of it. 3605:Stability of contracts 3423:Cooperative Federation 3226:Categories of members: 3089:Agricultural marketing 3012:Purchasing cooperative 3006:Purchasing cooperative 2828:Community co-operative 2795: 2748:cooperative principles 2740:financial institutions 2732: 2665:consumers' cooperative 2547:Consumers' cooperative 2541:Consumers' cooperative 2522: 2502: 2415: 2368: 2151: 2119:accruing interest for 2113:depository institution 2054:, from Newtown in mid- 2031:Fenwick, East Ayrshire 2022: 2003:radically revised its 1985:English-speaking world 1681:International business 1666:Business judgment rule 1011:Chief business officer 911:Annual general meeting 891:State-owned enterprise 881:Privately held company 768: 761:consumers' cooperative 609:Business judgment rule 43:Co-op (disambiguation) 34:. For other uses, see 15370:Types of organization 15247:Libertarian socialism 14362:Kate Sharpley Library 14337:Red inverted triangle 14280:High Treason Incident 14270:Congress of Amsterdam 13678:Voluntary association 13488:Anti-authoritarianism 13478:Anarchist criminology 13473:Anarchist Black Cross 13302:Intentional community 12438:Collective leadership 12325:Socialism WikiProject 12087:Léopold Sédar Senghor 11782:Cornelius Castoriadis 11648:Alfred Russel Wallace 11413:Nikolay Chernyshevsky 11378:Louis Auguste Blanqui 11338:Stephen Pearl Andrews 11167:Cooperative ownership 10683:Maoism–Third Worldism 9879:Out-of-pocket expense 9740:Workers' compensation 9394:Collateral protection 9384:Business interruption 8817:Community wind energy 8613:Primary cooperative ( 8443:Warbasse, James Peter 8424:Warbasse, James Peter 8190:, Volume 66, Number 9 8167:, Volume 66, Number 9 7996:Nippierd, A. (2002). 6127:14 April 2019 at the 6103:Types of Cooperatives 5900:. Palgrave Macmillan. 5885:. Booklocker.com Inc. 5752:29 April 2009 at the 5242:Domar, Evsey (1966). 5059:Intentional community 4989:Cooperative economics 4575:Women in cooperatives 4569:Women in cooperatives 4147:Cooperative resources 4077:Cooperative financing 3612:Mondragon Corporation 3490: 3399:non-stock corporation 3379:voluntary association 3364:Volunteer cooperative 3130:Genossenschaftsgesetz 2843:Highlands and Islands 2721:The Co-operative Bank 2719: 2508: 2493: 2486:Types of cooperatives 2409: 2366: 2354:Concern for community 2308:neoliberal capitalism 2291:libertarian socialism 2265:financial institution 2149: 2017: 1882:domain. In 2014, the 1862:Mondragon Corporation 1835:Platform cooperatives 1805:Consumer cooperatives 1357:Customer relationship 1293:Business intelligence 1255:Financial institution 1230:International finance 1180:Cash conversion cycle 1087:Development economics 1048:Chief product officer 796:Management accounting 763:, such as the former 758: 553:Naamloze vennootschap 543:Kabushiki gaisha 360:Limited company 15375:Private aid programs 15360:Mutualism (movement) 15288:Anarchism portal 14692:Fictional characters 14175:Radical cheerleading 13408:Socialism portal 13396:Communism portal 13251:Criticism of Marxism 13241:Communist propaganda 12671:Fourth International 12661:Second International 12448:Communist revolution 12350:Communism portal 12338:Socialism portal 12289:Socialism by country 11887:Pablo Iglesias Posse 11593:Henri de Saint-Simon 11548:Nikolay Mikhaylovsky 11202:Industrial democracy 11009:History of socialism 11004:History of communism 10999:History of anarchism 10102:Corpus Juris Civilis 8584:mutual organizations 8516:28 July 2020 at the 8393:14 July 2014 at the 8133:21 June 2017 at the 8023:30 July 2019 at the 8003:4 March 2016 at the 7851:10.2139/ssrn.4359271 6505:Oswald Hahn (1989). 6464:28 July 2020 at the 6456:Amr Khafagy (2019). 6108:18 July 2011 at the 6019:on 23 February 2016. 5871:, London: Bookmarks. 5206:on 27 November 2020. 5074:List of cooperatives 4994:Collective ownership 4897:Kim Stanley Robinson 4603:improve this article 4406:Capital reinvestment 4400:Capital reinvestment 4306:peer-to-peer lending 4169:Balance sheet assets 4160:Proceeds from assets 3949:Economic performance 3927:Flexible scheduling. 3907:rewrite this section 3719:rewrite this section 3585:conventional firms. 3407:service organization 3351:Platform cooperative 3345:Platform cooperative 3083:fishery cooperatives 3072:Producer cooperative 2976:Indian Coffee Houses 2967:one person, one vote 2883:improve this article 2817:(Sparbank) and true 2815:mutual savings banks 2775:Mouvement Desjardins 2575:Building cooperative 2480:co-operative capital 2211:mutual organisations 2203:industrial societies 2190:one member, one vote 2154:"Spolok Gazdovský" ( 2129:Trustee Savings Bank 2121:sickness and old-age 2082:set up a newspaper, 1954:History of insurance 1873:retail co-operatives 1843:Worldwatch Institute 1298:Business development 1142:Economic development 904:Corporate governance 801:Financial accounting 677:Beneficial ownership 614:Corporate governance 450:Delaware corporation 277:Societas cooperativa 15237:Left-libertarianism 14312:Kronstadt rebellion 14250:Trial of the Thirty 14215:Revolutions of 1848 14157:No gods, no masters 13968:Synthesis anarchism 13958:Anarcho-syndicalism 13946:Types of federation 13356:Socialist economics 13272:Anti anti-communism 13201:Red flag (politics) 12666:Third International 12656:First International 12483:Market abolitionism 12428:Class consciousness 12092:George Bernard Shaw 12002:François Mitterrand 11917:Alexandra Kollontai 11892:Jayaprakash Narayan 11573:Constantin Pecqueur 11393:Philippe Buonarroti 11348:John Goodwyn Barmby 11247:Workplace democracy 11157:Calculation in kind 11147:Anarchist economics 11096:Socialist economics 10994:Equality of outcome 10934:Anarchist economics 10641:Ho Chi Minh Thought 10514:Libertarian Marxism 10509:Left-libertarianism 10161:Rochdale Principles 10156:Mutual savings bank 10151:Mutual organization 10136:Cooperative banking 10053:Mesopotamian banker 9333:Longevity insurance 8974:Rochdale Principles 8921:Agent-owned company 8706:Mutual savings bank 8537:Dollars & Sense 8520:, Amr Khafagy, 2019 8413:Vieta, Marco (ed.) 8400:Vicari S., (2015), 8242:on 14 February 2008 8079:Cooperative Village 7942:10.4000/pistes.2635 7148:2014IJUSD...6..190K 6610:, 79(3/4): 549–577. 6429:. 24 January 2019. 5937:on 9 November 2014. 5658:29 May 2019 at the 5522:"English Poor Laws" 5113:Mutual organization 4958:Architecture portal 4859:Cooperative Village 4849:Less seriously, in 4373:equity crowdfunding 4336:Rochdale Principles 4111:Capital (economics) 4001:perverse incentives 3652:Workplace democracy 3618:since the mid 50s. 3616:Mondragon (Euskadi) 3536:means of production 3375:mutual organization 3085:are such examples. 3046:Agricultural supply 3030:CCA Global Partners 2841:in Ireland and the 2767:Alphonse Desjardins 2708:Cooperative banking 2659:Utility cooperative 2653:Utility cooperative 2581:housing cooperative 2571:Housing cooperative 2565:Housing cooperative 2476:cooperative capital 2464:joint stock company 2418:A cooperative is a 2388:ethical consumerism 2330:Rochdale Principles 2137:Rochdale Principles 2098:Presbyterian Church 1966:Mutual savings bank 1962:Mutual organization 1934:Cooperative banking 1912:Rochdale Principles 1898:Origins and history 1892:ethical consumerism 1799:Worker cooperatives 1708:Business statistics 1691:International trade 1676:Business operations 1372:Electronic business 1277:Types of management 1165:Financial statement 1147:Economic statistics 1015:Chief brand officer 971:Corporate liability 886:Sole proprietorship 866:Joint-stock company 692:Corporate registers 652:Rochdale Principles 406:Benefit corporation 232:Sole proprietorship 15187:Anti-globalization 14857:Dominican Republic 14682:Anarcho-punk bands 14342:Labadie Collection 14332:Barcelona May Days 14235:Cantonal rebellion 14169:Property is theft! 14135:The Internationale 14089:Anarchist bookfair 13890:Without adjectives 13745:Schools of thought 13376:Worker cooperative 13334:National communism 13307:Left-wing politics 13212:The Internationale 12564:Economic democracy 12274:Marxist philosophy 12191:Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu 12012:Gamal Abdel Nasser 11967:Alasdair MacIntyre 11737:Simone de Beauvoir 11508:Ferdinand Lassalle 11275:Tommaso Campanella 11222:Production for use 11182:Economic democracy 11051:Mode of production 11041:Left-wing politics 11020:The Internationale 10703:Xi Jinping Thought 9913:Insurable interest 9414:Payment protection 9315:Payment protection 9169:Co-operative Party 9054:Solidarity economy 9014:Economic democracy 8779:Collective farming 8279:Birchall, Johnston 6952:. 19 November 2014 6686:on 4 February 2012 5915:. Haymarket Books. 5607:on 11 October 2012 5546:Carrell, Severin. 5511:, London: Penguin. 5173:Worker cooperative 5148:Social corporatism 5034:Economic democracy 4967:Artist cooperative 4838:"Where's our mam?" 4671:Dame Pauline Green 4655:economies of scale 4320:Equity investments 4105:Capital by members 4095:Gianluca Salvatore 3977:Economic stability 3971:Economic stability 3869:Audiencia Nacional 3646:Internal democracy 3547:working conditions 3530:Working conditions 3501:Co-operative Party 3477:Co-operative Party 3434:Rochdale Principle 3391:worker cooperative 3154:Social cooperative 3148:Social cooperative 3050:economies of scale 2963:worker cooperative 2855:Worker cooperative 2849:Worker cooperative 2733: 2723:'s head office in 2632:building societies 2610:affordable housing 2556:Retail cooperative 2523: 2503: 2416: 2369: 2287:economic democracy 2269:OP Financial Group 2199:universal suffrage 2152: 2100:in Dumfriesshire, 2023: 2001:British government 1671:Consumer behaviour 1473:Product life-cycle 1260:Capital management 1225:Managerial finance 916:Board of directors 769: 493:Aktiengesellschaft 465:Nevada corporation 15310: 15309: 15267:Spontaneous order 15197:Anti-war movement 14702:Jewish anarchists 14210:French Revolution 14163:Popular education 13941: 13940: 13658:Spontaneous order 13518:Classless society 13416: 13415: 13196:Hammer and sickle 12687:Communist Parties 12503:Stateless society 12498:Social revolution 12463:Communist society 12433:Classless society 12370: 12369: 12243:Socialist parties 12224: 12223: 12127:Ram Manohar Lohia 12067:Gaetano Salvemini 11852:Mikhail Gorbachev 11563:Antonie Pannekoek 11192:Equal opportunity 11187:Economic planning 10920: 10919: 10809:African-Caribbean 10797:Regional variants 10524:Council communism 10392:Saint-Simonianism 10213: 10212: 10058:Code of Hammurabi 10033:Vehicle insurance 9928:Replacement value 9820:Actual cash value 9784:Adverse selection 9774:Actuarial science 9748: 9747: 9680:Kidnap and ransom 9653:Extended warranty 9300:Income protection 9209: 9208: 9187: 9186: 9183: 9182: 9150:Political parties 9105:Rochdale Pioneers 9100:David Schweickart 9039:Social enterprise 8991:economic theories 8947: 8946: 8943: 8942: 8904: 8903: 8680: 8679: 8429:Cooperative Peace 8315:", PM Press, 2009 8180:(February 2015), 8046:978-0-330-53544-1 7517:978-92-2-127031-7 7316:La Voz de Galicia 7200:978-0-300-25405-1 7089:978-1-315-71828-6 6986:(33): 3863–3883. 6980:Applied Economics 6237:978-952-5446-32-6 5913:Democracy at Work 5528:. 19 January 2011 5507:Gates, J. (1998) 4806: 4805: 4729:, even in co-ops. 4723:non-binary people 4721:Lesser wages for 4635: 4634: 4627: 4350:Financing members 4025:cooperative banks 4019:A 2013 report by 3924: 3923: 3900:a manual or guide 3736: 3735: 3712:a manual or guide 3454:Cooperative union 3161:social enterprise 2959: 2958: 2951: 2933: 2375:cooperatives and 2183:Tolpuddle Martyrs 2091:Rev. Henry Duncan 1764: 1763: 1651:Business analysis 1220:Corporate finance 1190:Capital budgeting 1127:Knowledge economy 921:Supervisory board 751: 750: 632:Limited liability 594: 593: 503:Ansvarlig selskap 390:Unlimited company 227:Shelf corporation 222:Shell corporation 210:Limited liability 16:(Redirected from 15382: 15355:Market socialism 15329:Organized labour 15327: 15326: 15318: 15286: 15285: 15284: 15177:Anti-consumerism 15172:Anti-corporatism 14322:Amakasu Incident 14265:Strandza Commune 14240:Haymarket affair 14141:Jewish anarchism 14083:A las Barricadas 14051:Social ownership 14036:Market socialism 14011:Free association 13973:Union of egoists 13750: 13749: 13683:Workers' council 13673:Union of egoists 13633:Security culture 13543:Decentralization 13538:Critique of work 13443: 13436: 13429: 13420: 13419: 13406: 13405: 13394: 13393: 13392: 13297:Internationalism 13287:Communitarianism 12651:Communist League 12554:Common ownership 12523:World revolution 12473:Free association 12397: 12390: 12383: 12374: 12373: 12360: 12359: 12348: 12347: 12346: 12336: 12335: 12322: 12321: 12310: 12309: 12211:Yanis Varoufakis 12164: 12077:Jean-Paul Sartre 12062:Bertrand Russell 12037:Sylvia Pankhurst 12017:Jawaharlal Nehru 11882:Dolores Ibárruri 11847:Einar Gerhardsen 11827:Alexander Dubček 11777:Nikolai Bukharin 11687:Salvador Allende 11675: 11658:Wilhelm Weitling 11643:Suzanne Voilquin 11628:William Thompson 11618:Lysander Spooner 11578:Georgi Plekhanov 11568:Giovanni Pascoli 11533:Errico Malatesta 11528:Helen Macfarlane 11473:Alexander Herzen 11448:Friedrich Engels 11443:Prosper Enfantin 11438:W. E. B. Du Bois 11408:Edward Carpenter 11368:Eduard Bernstein 11331: 11314:Sylvain Maréchal 11292: 11268: 11262: 11261: 11227:Public ownership 11177:Direct democracy 11162:Common ownership 11126:Workers' council 11111:State capitalism 11026:Internationalism 10959:Critique of work 10939:Anti-revisionism 10616:Marxism–Leninism 10450:Left-wing market 10407: 10406: 10367:Social democracy 10250: 10240: 10233: 10226: 10217: 10216: 10171:Social insurance 10126:Friendly society 10018:Health insurance 9846:Short rate table 9594:Catastrophe bond 9495:Lenders mortgage 9256: 9255: 9236: 9229: 9222: 9213: 9212: 8964: 8963: 8953: 8952: 8916:Friendly society 8853:Mutual insurance 8716:Building society 8689: 8688: 8610: 8609: 8603: 8602: 8592: 8591: 8573: 8566: 8559: 8550: 8549: 8456:Making Mondragon 8272: 8266: 8261: 8259: 8251: 8249: 8247: 8238:. Archived from 8230: 8224: 8219: 8217: 8209: 8207: 8201:. Archived from 8200: 8138: 8125: 8119: 8118: 8116: 8114: 8095: 8089: 8075: 8069: 8055: 8049: 8034: 8028: 8014: 8008: 7994: 7985: 7984: 7982: 7980: 7975:on 26 March 2013 7971:. Archived from 7961: 7955: 7954: 7944: 7924: 7911: 7910: 7908: 7906: 7892: 7871: 7870: 7834: 7828: 7781: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7770: 7763: 7755: 7746: 7745: 7739: 7731: 7729: 7727: 7722:on 27 March 2016 7721: 7715:. 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December 2006. 6318:Whitsett, Ross. 6316: 6310: 6309: 6304: 6297: 6287: 6281: 6280: 6274: 6266: 6261: 6251: 6245: 6244: 6221: 6215: 6214: 6189: 6183: 6182: 6172: 6161: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6141: 6135: 6134: 6119: 6113: 6099: 6093: 6080: 6071: 6070: 6066:Co-operatives UK 6057: 6051: 6050: 6048: 6046: 6027: 6021: 6020: 6005: 5999: 5998: 5996: 5994: 5975: 5969: 5968: 5966: 5964: 5945: 5939: 5938: 5923: 5917: 5916: 5908: 5902: 5901: 5893: 5887: 5886: 5878: 5872: 5865: 5859: 5852: 5846: 5845: 5843: 5841: 5822: 5816: 5815: 5813: 5811: 5796: 5790: 5789: 5787: 5785: 5766: 5757: 5744: 5738: 5725: 5719: 5712: 5706: 5696: 5690: 5687: 5681: 5668: 5662: 5649: 5643: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5623: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5612: 5597: 5591: 5588: 5582: 5581: 5570: 5564: 5563:, 7 August 2007. 5544: 5538: 5537: 5535: 5533: 5518: 5512: 5505: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5494: 5481:Europe, CICOPA. 5478: 5472: 5471: 5469: 5463:. Archived from 5462: 5454: 5448: 5447: 5446:on 26 June 2015. 5442:. Archived from 5432: 5426: 5425: 5423: 5421: 5401: 5395: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5384: 5376:Co-operatives UK 5373: 5365: 5356: 5355: 5353: 5351: 5329: 5323: 5322: 5320: 5318: 5299: 5293: 5292: 5287: 5285: 5276:. Archived from 5270: 5264: 5263: 5239: 5233: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5214: 5208: 5207: 5202:. Archived from 5190: 5153:Social ownership 5089:Market socialism 5049:Friendly society 5004:Common ownership 4972:Co-determination 4960: 4955: 4954: 4946: 4941: 4940: 4932: 4930:Socialism portal 4927: 4926: 4801: 4798: 4788:You can help by 4781: 4774: 4766:Market socialism 4659:bargaining power 4630: 4623: 4619: 4616: 4610: 4587: 4579: 4545:However, Castel 4494:job satisfaction 4484:Job satisfaction 4450:if they appear. 4415:Patronage refund 4381:impact investing 4371:, quasi-equity, 4326:Equity (finance) 4262:Challenge grants 4183:Financial grants 4178:Financial grants 4039:In North America 4005:economic bubbles 3993:counter-cyclical 3954:Job productivity 3919: 3916: 3910: 3898:is written like 3891: 3890: 3883: 3731: 3728: 3722: 3710:is written like 3703: 3702: 3695: 3673:William Thompson 3461:Co-operatives UK 3401:, volunteer-run 3314:primary products 3062:socialist states 3058:collective farms 2954: 2947: 2943: 2940: 2934: 2932: 2891: 2867: 2859: 2798: 2763:caisse populaire 2738:are cooperative 2639:savings and loan 2273:cooperative bank 2179:friendly society 2117:savings accounts 2106:friendly society 1946:Friendly society 1756: 1749: 1742: 1726: 1725: 1703:Business process 1245:Financial market 1082:Labour economics 1077:Public economics 836:Corporation sole 771: 770: 743: 736: 729: 697:Registered agent 642:Drag-along right 582: 567: 557: 547: 537: 527: 517: 507: 497: 487: 456: 439: 419: 363: 354: 346: 338: 330: 319: 309: 301: 291: 287:Societas privata 281: 271: 252: 251: 71: 48: 47: 21: 15390: 15389: 15385: 15384: 15383: 15381: 15380: 15379: 15345:Business models 15335: 15334: 15333: 15321: 15313: 15311: 15306: 15282: 15280: 15272: 15271: 15270: 15227:Labour movement 15157: 15156: 15155: 14717: 14716: 14715: 14667: 14666: 14665: 14392: 14391: 14390: 14387:Occupy movement 14260:Ferrer movement 14195: 14194: 14193: 14109:Escuela Moderna 14067: 14066: 14065: 13977: 13937: 13894: 13858:Insurrectionary 13817: 13739: 13738: 13737: 13689: 13688: 13687: 13613:Refusal of work 13498:Anti-militarism 13493:Anti-capitalism 13452: 13447: 13417: 13412: 13400: 13390: 13388: 13380: 13255: 13224: 13182: 13104: 12726: 12675: 12637: 12573: 12544:Planned economy 12532: 12518:World communism 12493:Labour movement 12453:Communist state 12443:Communist party 12418:Anti-capitalism 12406: 12401: 12371: 12366: 12354: 12344: 12342: 12330: 12298: 12247: 12220: 12156: 12082:Arthur Scargill 12052:Pierre Renaudel 11862:Antonio Gramsci 11842:Muammar Gaddafi 11837:Faiz Ahmad Faiz 11832:Albert Einstein 11772:Aristide Briand 11762:Murray Bookchin 11757:Grace Lee Boggs 11742:Walter Benjamin 11712:Chiang Kai-shek 11692:Inejirō Asanuma 11667: 11638:Benjamin Tucker 11498:Peter Kropotkin 11478:Thomas Hodgskin 11453:Charles Fourier 11433:Théodore Dézamy 11383:Philippe Buchez 11343:Mikhail Bakunin 11323: 11299:Gracchus Babeuf 11284: 11251: 11232:Social dividend 11130: 11106:Socialist state 11071:Post-capitalism 11066:Planned economy 11061:Nationalization 10926: 10916: 10792: 10747: 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7038: 7034: 7028: 7015: 6972: 6965: 6955: 6953: 6950:www.cicopa.coop 6944: 6943: 6924: 6889: 6874: 6864: 6862: 6853: 6852: 6843: 6833: 6831: 6823: 6822: 6818: 6808: 6806: 6798: 6797: 6786: 6776: 6774: 6766: 6765: 6756: 6751:on 31 May 2019. 6743: 6742: 6738: 6733: 6729: 6719: 6717: 6704: 6703: 6699: 6689: 6687: 6678: 6677: 6673: 6657: 6656: 6649: 6647: 6643: 6636: 6634:"Archived copy" 6632: 6631: 6627: 6618: 6614: 6605: 6601: 6591: 6589: 6574:10.2307/1190425 6554: 6550: 6540: 6538: 6503: 6499: 6490: 6486: 6477: 6476: 6472: 6466:Wayback Machine 6455: 6446: 6436: 6434: 6425: 6424: 6420: 6410: 6408: 6399: 6398: 6394: 6384: 6382: 6373: 6372: 6368: 6358: 6356: 6343: 6342: 6338: 6327:Wayback Machine 6317: 6313: 6302: 6295: 6289: 6288: 6284: 6268: 6267: 6259: 6253: 6252: 6248: 6238: 6223: 6222: 6218: 6204: 6190: 6186: 6174: 6173: 6164: 6154: 6152: 6143: 6142: 6138: 6132: 6129:Wayback Machine 6120: 6116: 6110:Wayback Machine 6100: 6096: 6091:Wayback Machine 6081: 6074: 6059: 6058: 6054: 6044: 6042: 6029: 6028: 6024: 6009:"Coop Identity" 6007: 6006: 6002: 5992: 5990: 5977: 5976: 5972: 5962: 5960: 5947: 5946: 5942: 5925: 5924: 5920: 5909: 5905: 5894: 5890: 5879: 5875: 5866: 5862: 5853: 5849: 5839: 5837: 5824: 5823: 5819: 5809: 5807: 5798: 5797: 5793: 5783: 5781: 5768: 5767: 5760: 5754:Wayback Machine 5745: 5741: 5735:Wayback Machine 5726: 5722: 5713: 5709: 5697: 5693: 5688: 5684: 5679:Wayback Machine 5669: 5665: 5660:Wayback Machine 5650: 5646: 5636: 5634: 5625: 5624: 5620: 5610: 5608: 5599: 5598: 5594: 5589: 5585: 5572: 5571: 5567: 5555:Wayback Machine 5545: 5541: 5531: 5529: 5520: 5519: 5515: 5506: 5502: 5492: 5490: 5479: 5475: 5470:on 6 July 2011. 5467: 5460: 5456: 5455: 5451: 5434: 5433: 5429: 5419: 5417: 5402: 5398: 5388: 5386: 5382: 5371: 5367: 5366: 5359: 5349: 5347: 5330: 5326: 5316: 5314: 5301: 5300: 5296: 5283: 5281: 5280:on 18 June 2019 5272: 5271: 5267: 5240: 5236: 5226: 5224: 5216: 5215: 5211: 5192: 5191: 5187: 5182: 5177: 4956: 4949: 4944:Business portal 4942: 4935: 4928: 4921: 4918: 4890:TESA Collective 4832:Century Trilogy 4811: 4802: 4796: 4793: 4772: 4764:Main articles: 4762: 4745:Sexual violence 4631: 4620: 4614: 4611: 4600: 4588: 4577: 4571: 4486: 4473: 4464: 4456: 4440: 4431: 4425: 4417: 4408: 4402: 4393: 4385:patient capital 4361: 4352: 4344: 4328: 4322: 4314: 4302: 4296: 4288: 4279: 4270: 4268:Challenge grant 4264: 4249:Especially for 4247: 4215: 4209: 4197: 4191: 4180: 4171: 4162: 4154: 4149: 4141: 4113: 4107: 4099:Riccardo Bodini 4091: 4079: 4070: 4064: 4052: 4046: 4041: 4023:concluded that 4013: 3979: 3973: 3956: 3951: 3920: 3914: 3911: 3904: 3892: 3888: 3881: 3857:Servicarne Coop 3848:social security 3828: 3772:In the US, the 3759: 3732: 3726: 3723: 3716: 3704: 3700: 3693: 3654: 3648: 3639: 3607: 3570: 3555:Kunle Akingbola 3532: 3493: 3479:, the Canadian 3473: 3456: 3451: 3425: 3419: 3366: 3353: 3347: 3342: 3299: 3219: 3203: 3168:organizations. 3156: 3150: 3142: 3097:food processing 3074: 3014: 3008: 2997: 2988:Suma Wholefoods 2955: 2944: 2938: 2935: 2892: 2890: 2880: 2868: 2857: 2851: 2830: 2714: 2706:Main articles: 2704: 2661: 2655: 2643:Leeds Permanent 2577: 2569:Main articles: 2567: 2558: 2549: 2543: 2488: 2472: 2404: 2361: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2049:social reformer 1976: 1942:Fraternal order 1922:Benefit society 1918: 1902:Main articles: 1900: 1770:(also known as 1760: 1720: 1713: 1712: 1656:Business ethics 1646: 1636: 1635: 1576: 1568: 1567: 1278: 1270: 1269: 1265:Venture capital 1195:Commercial bank 1185:Insider dealing 1160: 1152: 1151: 1102:Planned economy 1067: 1057: 1056: 1001: 999:Corporate title 991: 990: 966:Corporate crime 946: 936: 935: 931:Audit committee 906: 896: 895: 851:Holding company 831:Corporate group 826: 819:Business entity 811: 810: 791: 747: 702: 701: 682:Civil procedure 672: 664: 663: 637:Tag-along right 604: 596: 595: 580: 565: 555: 545: 535: 525: 515: 505: 495: 485: 454:statutory trust 448: 437: 417: 361: 358: 352: 344: 336: 328: 317: 307: 299: 289: 279: 269: 249: 247:by jurisdiction 246: 245:Corporate forms 237: 236: 217:Private limited 185:Holding company 160: 152: 151: 133: 79: 78:By jurisdiction 46: 39: 32:Cooperativeness 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15388: 15378: 15377: 15372: 15367: 15362: 15357: 15352: 15347: 15332: 15331: 15308: 15307: 15305: 15298: 15291: 15277: 15274: 15273: 15269: 15264: 15259: 15254: 15249: 15244: 15242:Libertarianism 15239: 15234: 15232:Left communism 15229: 15224: 15219: 15214: 15209: 15204: 15199: 15194: 15189: 15184: 15179: 15174: 15169: 15168: 15167: 15165: 15163:Related topics 15159: 15158: 15154: 15149: 15144: 15139: 15134: 15132:United Kingdom 15129: 15124: 15119: 15114: 15109: 15104: 15099: 15094: 15089: 15084: 15079: 15074: 15069: 15064: 15059: 15054: 15049: 15044: 15039: 15034: 15029: 15024: 15019: 15014: 15009: 15004: 14999: 14994: 14989: 14984: 14979: 14974: 14969: 14964: 14959: 14954: 14949: 14944: 14939: 14934: 14929: 14924: 14919: 14914: 14909: 14904: 14899: 14894: 14889: 14884: 14879: 14874: 14869: 14864: 14859: 14854: 14849: 14847:Czech Republic 14844: 14839: 14834: 14829: 14824: 14819: 14814: 14809: 14804: 14799: 14794: 14789: 14784: 14779: 14774: 14769: 14764: 14759: 14754: 14749: 14744: 14739: 14734: 14729: 14728: 14727: 14725: 14719: 14718: 14714: 14709: 14704: 14699: 14694: 14689: 14684: 14679: 14678: 14677: 14675: 14669: 14668: 14664: 14659: 14654: 14649: 14644: 14639: 14634: 14629: 14624: 14619: 14614: 14609: 14604: 14599: 14594: 14589: 14584: 14579: 14574: 14569: 14564: 14559: 14554: 14549: 14544: 14539: 14534: 14529: 14524: 14519: 14514: 14509: 14504: 14502:González Prada 14499: 14494: 14489: 14484: 14479: 14474: 14469: 14464: 14459: 14454: 14449: 14444: 14439: 14434: 14429: 14424: 14419: 14414: 14409: 14404: 14403: 14402: 14400: 14394: 14393: 14389: 14384: 14379: 14374: 14369: 14364: 14359: 14354: 14349: 14344: 14339: 14334: 14329: 14324: 14319: 14317:Makhnovshchina 14314: 14309: 14304: 14299: 14294: 14289: 14282: 14277: 14272: 14267: 14262: 14257: 14252: 14247: 14242: 14237: 14232: 14230:Hague Congress 14227: 14222: 14217: 14212: 14207: 14206: 14205: 14203: 14197: 14196: 14192: 14187: 14182: 14177: 14172: 14165: 14160: 14153: 14148: 14143: 14138: 14131: 14126: 14121: 14116: 14111: 14106: 14101: 14096: 14091: 14086: 14079: 14078: 14077: 14075: 14069: 14068: 14064: 14063: 14058: 14053: 14048: 14043: 14038: 14033: 14031:Labour voucher 14028: 14026:Give-away shop 14023: 14018: 14016:General strike 14013: 14008: 14003: 13998: 13995: 13989: 13988: 13987: 13985: 13979: 13978: 13976: 13975: 13970: 13965: 13960: 13955: 13953:Affinity group 13949: 13947: 13943: 13942: 13939: 13938: 13936: 13935: 13930: 13925: 13923:Post-anarchist 13920: 13915: 13910: 13904: 13902: 13896: 13895: 13893: 13892: 13887: 13886: 13885: 13880: 13875: 13865: 13860: 13855: 13850: 13849: 13848: 13846:Social ecology 13843: 13833: 13827: 13825: 13823:Post-classical 13819: 13818: 13816: 13815: 13814: 13813: 13812: 13802: 13792: 13787: 13786: 13785: 13780: 13775: 13774: 13773: 13758: 13756: 13747: 13741: 13740: 13736: 13731: 13726: 13721: 13716: 13711: 13706: 13701: 13700: 13699: 13697: 13691: 13690: 13686: 13685: 13680: 13675: 13670: 13665: 13660: 13655: 13650: 13645: 13643:Social ecology 13640: 13638:Self-ownership 13635: 13630: 13625: 13620: 13615: 13610: 13605: 13600: 13595: 13590: 13585: 13580: 13575: 13570: 13568:Horizontalidad 13565: 13560: 13555: 13550: 13545: 13540: 13535: 13530: 13525: 13523:Class struggle 13520: 13515: 13510: 13505: 13503:Affinity group 13500: 13495: 13490: 13485: 13480: 13475: 13470: 13464: 13463: 13462: 13460: 13454: 13453: 13446: 13445: 13438: 13431: 13423: 13414: 13413: 13411: 13410: 13398: 13385: 13382: 13381: 13379: 13378: 13373: 13368: 13363: 13358: 13353: 13348: 13343: 13342: 13341: 13331: 13326: 13321: 13320: 13319: 13314: 13304: 13299: 13294: 13289: 13284: 13279: 13274: 13269: 13263: 13261: 13260:Related topics 13257: 13256: 13254: 13253: 13248: 13243: 13238: 13236:Anti-communism 13232: 13230: 13226: 13225: 13223: 13222: 13215: 13208: 13203: 13198: 13192: 13190: 13184: 13183: 13181: 13180: 13175: 13170: 13165: 13160: 13155: 13150: 13145: 13140: 13139: 13138: 13128: 13123: 13118: 13112: 13110: 13106: 13105: 13103: 13102: 13097: 13092: 13087: 13082: 13077: 13072: 13067: 13062: 13057: 13052: 13047: 13042: 13037: 13032: 13027: 13022: 13017: 13012: 13007: 13002: 12997: 12992: 12987: 12982: 12977: 12972: 12967: 12962: 12957: 12952: 12947: 12942: 12937: 12932: 12927: 12922: 12917: 12912: 12907: 12902: 12897: 12892: 12887: 12882: 12877: 12872: 12867: 12862: 12857: 12852: 12847: 12842: 12837: 12832: 12827: 12822: 12817: 12812: 12807: 12802: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12767: 12762: 12757: 12752: 12747: 12742: 12736: 12734: 12728: 12727: 12725: 12724: 12719: 12714: 12709: 12704: 12699: 12694: 12689: 12683: 12681: 12677: 12676: 12674: 12673: 12668: 12663: 12658: 12653: 12647: 12645: 12639: 12638: 12636: 12635: 12634: 12633: 12623: 12618: 12617: 12616: 12606: 12605: 12604: 12599: 12589: 12583: 12581: 12575: 12574: 12572: 12571: 12566: 12561: 12556: 12551: 12546: 12540: 12538: 12534: 12533: 12531: 12530: 12525: 12520: 12515: 12510: 12505: 12500: 12495: 12490: 12485: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12465: 12460: 12455: 12450: 12445: 12440: 12435: 12430: 12425: 12423:Class conflict 12420: 12414: 12412: 12408: 12407: 12400: 12399: 12392: 12385: 12377: 12368: 12367: 12365: 12364: 12352: 12340: 12328: 12316: 12303: 12300: 12299: 12297: 12296: 12291: 12286: 12281: 12276: 12271: 12266: 12261: 12255: 12253: 12249: 12248: 12246: 12245: 12240: 12234: 12232: 12226: 12225: 12222: 12221: 12219: 12218: 12213: 12208: 12203: 12198: 12193: 12188: 12183: 12178: 12173: 12171:Pedro Castillo 12167: 12165: 12158: 12157: 12155: 12154: 12149: 12144: 12139: 12134: 12129: 12124: 12119: 12114: 12112:E. P. Thompson 12109: 12104: 12099: 12094: 12089: 12084: 12079: 12074: 12072:Bernie Sanders 12069: 12064: 12059: 12057:B. T. Ranadive 12054: 12049: 12044: 12039: 12034: 12029: 12024: 12022:Ernst Niekisch 12019: 12014: 12009: 12004: 11999: 11994: 11989: 11987:Adrien Marquet 11984: 11979: 11977:Nelson Mandela 11974: 11969: 11964: 11959: 11957:Rosa Luxemburg 11954: 11949: 11947:Vladimir Lenin 11944: 11939: 11937:Henri Lefebvre 11934: 11929: 11924: 11919: 11914: 11909: 11904: 11899: 11897:Russell Jacoby 11894: 11889: 11884: 11879: 11877:Saddam Hussein 11874: 11869: 11864: 11859: 11854: 11849: 11844: 11839: 11834: 11829: 11824: 11819: 11817:Eugene V. Debs 11814: 11809: 11804: 11799: 11794: 11789: 11784: 11779: 11774: 11769: 11767:Bertolt Brecht 11764: 11759: 11754: 11749: 11744: 11739: 11734: 11729: 11727:Henri Barbusse 11724: 11719: 11714: 11709: 11704: 11702:Clement Attlee 11699: 11697:Hafez al-Assad 11694: 11689: 11684: 11678: 11676: 11669: 11668: 11666: 11665: 11660: 11655: 11650: 11645: 11640: 11635: 11630: 11625: 11623:Fred M. Taylor 11620: 11615: 11610: 11605: 11600: 11595: 11590: 11585: 11580: 11575: 11570: 11565: 11560: 11555: 11553:William Morris 11550: 11545: 11540: 11535: 11530: 11525: 11520: 11515: 11510: 11505: 11500: 11495: 11490: 11485: 11480: 11475: 11470: 11465: 11460: 11455: 11450: 11445: 11440: 11435: 11430: 11425: 11420: 11418:James Connolly 11415: 11410: 11405: 11400: 11395: 11390: 11385: 11380: 11375: 11370: 11365: 11363:Edward Bellamy 11360: 11355: 11350: 11345: 11340: 11334: 11332: 11325: 11324: 11322: 11321: 11316: 11311: 11306: 11304:Victor d'Hupay 11301: 11295: 11293: 11286: 11285: 11283: 11282: 11277: 11271: 11269: 11259: 11253: 11252: 11250: 11249: 11244: 11239: 11234: 11229: 11224: 11219: 11214: 11212:Labour voucher 11209: 11204: 11199: 11194: 11189: 11184: 11179: 11174: 11169: 11164: 11159: 11154: 11149: 11144: 11138: 11136: 11132: 11131: 11129: 11128: 11123: 11118: 11113: 11108: 11103: 11098: 11093: 11088: 11083: 11078: 11073: 11068: 11063: 11058: 11053: 11048: 11043: 11038: 11033: 11028: 11023: 11016: 11011: 11006: 11001: 10996: 10991: 10986: 10981: 10979:Egalitarianism 10976: 10971: 10966: 10964:Class struggle 10961: 10956: 10951: 10946: 10941: 10936: 10930: 10928: 10922: 10921: 10918: 10917: 10915: 10914: 10909: 10904: 10899: 10898: 10897: 10892: 10890:In one country 10882: 10877: 10872: 10867: 10862: 10857: 10856: 10855: 10845: 10844: 10843: 10842: 10841: 10831: 10821: 10816: 10811: 10806: 10800: 10798: 10794: 10793: 10791: 10790: 10785: 10780: 10779: 10778: 10773: 10763: 10757: 10755: 10749: 10748: 10746: 10745: 10744: 10743: 10733: 10732: 10731: 10726: 10721: 10720: 10719: 10718: 10717: 10707: 10706: 10705: 10700: 10695: 10690: 10685: 10680: 10670: 10665: 10660: 10653: 10648: 10643: 10638: 10633: 10628: 10623: 10613: 10603: 10598: 10597: 10596: 10585: 10583: 10571: 10570: 10568: 10567: 10562: 10561: 10560: 10555: 10554: 10553: 10548: 10538: 10533: 10528: 10527: 10526: 10519:Left communism 10511: 10506: 10505: 10504: 10499: 10494: 10489: 10484: 10479: 10474: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10453: 10452: 10447: 10437: 10432: 10421: 10419: 10404: 10403: 10402: 10401: 10400: 10399: 10389: 10384: 10379: 10369: 10364: 10359: 10354: 10349: 10344: 10339: 10334: 10329: 10328: 10327: 10322: 10312: 10307: 10302: 10297: 10292: 10287: 10282: 10276: 10274: 10266: 10265: 10256: 10253: 10252: 10243: 10242: 10235: 10228: 10220: 10211: 10210: 10208: 10207: 10204:List of topics 10200: 10192: 10189: 10188: 10186: 10185: 10180: 10179: 10178: 10173: 10168: 10163: 10158: 10153: 10148: 10143: 10138: 10133: 10119: 10114: 10113: 10112: 10098: 10097: 10096: 10091: 10089:Burial society 10079: 10078: 10077: 10071:§235–238; §240 10063:§100–105; §126 10055: 10049: 10047: 10041: 10040: 10038: 10037: 10036: 10035: 10030: 10025: 10020: 10015: 10013:Climate change 10005: 10003:United Kingdom 10000: 9995: 9990: 9985: 9980: 9974: 9972: 9966: 9965: 9963: 9962: 9961: 9960: 9950: 9948:Underinsurance 9945: 9940: 9938:Self-insurance 9935: 9930: 9925: 9920: 9915: 9910: 9905: 9900: 9895: 9888: 9883: 9882: 9881: 9876: 9871: 9861: 9860: 9859: 9849: 9848: 9847: 9844: 9832: 9827: 9822: 9817: 9816: 9815: 9810: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9786: 9781: 9771: 9765: 9763: 9750: 9749: 9746: 9745: 9743: 9742: 9737: 9732: 9727: 9722: 9717: 9712: 9707: 9705:Political risk 9702: 9697: 9692: 9687: 9685:Legal expenses 9682: 9677: 9672: 9671: 9670: 9660: 9655: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9634: 9633: 9628: 9618: 9613: 9608: 9603: 9602: 9601: 9596: 9585: 9583: 9579: 9578: 9576: 9575: 9570: 9565: 9560: 9555: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9529: 9527: 9521: 9520: 9518: 9517: 9512: 9507: 9502: 9497: 9492: 9487: 9482: 9477: 9472: 9467: 9465:Builder's risk 9462: 9456: 9454: 9450: 9449: 9447: 9446: 9441: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9421: 9416: 9411: 9406: 9401: 9396: 9391: 9389:Business owner 9386: 9381: 9375: 9373: 9369: 9368: 9366: 9365: 9360: 9355: 9353:Universal life 9350: 9345: 9340: 9335: 9329: 9327: 9321: 9320: 9318: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9305:Long-term care 9302: 9297: 9296: 9295: 9290: 9280: 9275: 9270: 9264: 9262: 9253: 9247: 9246: 9239: 9238: 9231: 9224: 9216: 9207: 9206: 9204: 9203: 9198: 9192: 9189: 9188: 9185: 9184: 9181: 9180: 9178: 9177: 9172: 9166: 9160: 9153: 9151: 9147: 9146: 9144: 9143: 9138: 9136:United Kingdom 9133: 9128: 9122: 9120: 9116: 9115: 9113: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9097: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9066: 9064: 9060: 9059: 9057: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9041: 9036: 9031: 9029:Neo-capitalism 9026: 9021: 9016: 9011: 9006: 9001: 8995: 8993: 8988: 8985: 8984: 8982: 8981: 8976: 8970: 8968: 8960: 8959: 8949: 8948: 8945: 8944: 8941: 8940: 8938: 8937: 8930: 8923: 8918: 8912: 8910: 8906: 8905: 8902: 8901: 8899: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8877: 8876: 8865: 8863: 8859: 8858: 8856: 8855: 8850: 8844: 8842: 8838: 8837: 8835: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8813: 8811: 8800: 8799: 8797: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8775: 8773: 8767: 8766: 8764: 8763: 8762: 8761: 8756: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8730: 8728: 8722: 8721: 8719: 8718: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8697: 8695: 8686: 8682: 8681: 8678: 8677: 8675: 8674: 8669: 8663: 8661: 8650: 8649: 8647: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8626: 8620: 8618: 8607: 8599: 8598: 8588: 8587: 8576: 8575: 8568: 8561: 8553: 8547: 8546: 8541: 8527: 8526:External links 8524: 8522: 8521: 8506: 8497: 8483: 8475: 8459: 8452: 8440: 8421: 8411: 8398: 8382: 8379: 8372: 8369: 8366: 8354: 8342: 8328: 8321:Derr, Jascha. 8319: 8316: 8309: 8302: 8291: 8285: 8282: 8276: 8273: 8265:|journal= 8231: 8223:|journal= 8191: 8187:Monthly Review 8168: 8164:Monthly Review 8148: 8146: 8143: 8140: 8139: 8137:, Truthout.org 8120: 8090: 8070: 8050: 8038:Fall of Giants 8029: 8009: 7986: 7956: 7912: 7872: 7829: 7782: 7747: 7701: 7655: 7629: 7599: 7568: 7538: 7516: 7492: 7446: 7427: 7402: 7390: 7372:(in Spanish). 7356: 7329: 7303: 7273: 7264: 7206: 7199: 7179: 7142:(2): 190–205. 7115: 7088: 7058: 7032: 7013: 6963: 6922: 6903:(4): 517–533. 6872: 6841: 6816: 6804:institute.coop 6784: 6754: 6736: 6727: 6697: 6671: 6625: 6612: 6599: 6568:(1): 208–221. 6548: 6497: 6484: 6470: 6444: 6418: 6392: 6366: 6336: 6331:The Cooperator 6311: 6282: 6246: 6236: 6216: 6202: 6184: 6162: 6136: 6122:Osuuskuntalaki 6114: 6094: 6072: 6052: 6022: 6000: 5970: 5940: 5918: 5903: 5888: 5873: 5860: 5847: 5817: 5791: 5758: 5739: 5720: 5707: 5691: 5682: 5663: 5644: 5618: 5592: 5583: 5565: 5539: 5513: 5500: 5473: 5449: 5427: 5396: 5357: 5324: 5294: 5265: 5234: 5209: 5184: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5128:Neo-capitalism 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5091: 5086: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4980: 4979: 4969: 4963: 4962: 4961: 4947: 4933: 4917: 4914: 4855:Barbara Wilson 4843: 4842: 4839: 4827:Fall of Giants 4810: 4807: 4804: 4803: 4784: 4782: 4761: 4758: 4757: 4756: 4742: 4731: 4730: 4719: 4713: 4709: 4633: 4632: 4591: 4589: 4582: 4573:Main article: 4570: 4567: 4543: 4542: 4539: 4536: 4533: 4526: 4525: 4522: 4519: 4516: 4498:social economy 4485: 4482: 4472: 4469: 4463: 4460: 4455: 4452: 4439: 4436: 4424: 4421: 4416: 4413: 4401: 4398: 4392: 4389: 4360: 4357: 4351: 4348: 4343: 4340: 4321: 4318: 4313: 4310: 4295: 4292: 4287: 4284: 4278: 4275: 4263: 4260: 4246: 4243: 4239:sustainability 4208: 4205: 4190: 4187: 4179: 4176: 4170: 4167: 4161: 4158: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4140: 4137: 4136: 4135: 4131: 4106: 4103: 4090: 4087: 4078: 4075: 4066:Main article: 4063: 4060: 4048:Main article: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4012: 4009: 3972: 3969: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3946: 3945: 3941: 3938: 3935: 3932: 3928: 3922: 3921: 3895: 3893: 3886: 3880: 3877: 3827: 3824: 3823: 3822: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3800: 3799: 3796: 3793: 3790: 3787: 3784: 3781: 3758: 3755: 3754: 3753: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3740: 3734: 3733: 3707: 3705: 3698: 3692: 3689: 3647: 3644: 3638: 3635: 3606: 3603: 3569: 3566: 3531: 3528: 3492: 3489: 3472: 3469: 3455: 3452: 3421:Main article: 3418: 3415: 3403:consumer co-op 3395:employee-owned 3365: 3362: 3349:Main article: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3330:gourmet cheese 3298: 3295: 3275: 3274: 3267: 3260: 3253: 3246: 3239: 3218: 3215: 3202: 3199: 3198: 3197: 3194: 3190: 3187: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3166:social economy 3152:Main article: 3149: 3146: 3141: 3138: 3073: 3070: 3010:Main article: 3007: 3004: 2996: 2993: 2957: 2956: 2871: 2869: 2862: 2853:Main article: 2850: 2847: 2829: 2826: 2821:(Andelsbank). 2744:not-for-profit 2703: 2700: 2669:public utility 2657:Main article: 2654: 2651: 2624: 2623: 2613: 2603: 2589:not-for-profit 2566: 2563: 2557: 2554: 2545:Main article: 2542: 2539: 2487: 2484: 2471: 2468: 2403: 2400: 2360: 2357: 2356: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2263:was the first 2089:Also in 1810, 2084:The Cooperator 2029:was formed in 2009:British Empire 1993:profit sharing 1926:Burial society 1899: 1896: 1839: 1838: 1832: 1829: 1825: 1819: 1818: 1817: 1808: 1802: 1762: 1761: 1759: 1758: 1751: 1744: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1731: 1730: 1715: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1699: 1698: 1688: 1686:Business model 1683: 1678: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1647: 1642: 1641: 1638: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1577: 1574: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1566: 1565: 1560: 1555: 1554: 1553: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1517: 1516: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1454: 1453: 1442: 1437: 1436: 1435: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1404: 1403: 1395:Human resource 1392: 1387: 1386: 1385: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1337:Communications 1334: 1333: 1332: 1322: 1321: 1320: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1279: 1276: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1268: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1215:Public finance 1212: 1210:Financial risk 1207: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1161: 1158: 1157: 1154: 1153: 1150: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1137:Macroeconomics 1134: 1132:Microeconomics 1129: 1124: 1122:Market economy 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1068: 1063: 1062: 1059: 1058: 1055: 1054: 1045: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1017: 1008: 1002: 997: 996: 993: 992: 989: 988: 983: 978: 976:Insolvency law 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 951:Commercial law 947: 942: 941: 938: 937: 934: 933: 928: 926:Advisory board 923: 918: 913: 907: 902: 901: 898: 897: 894: 893: 888: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 827: 817: 816: 813: 812: 809: 808: 803: 798: 792: 787: 786: 783: 782: 778: 777: 749: 748: 746: 745: 738: 731: 723: 720: 719: 718: 717: 712: 710:Company portal 704: 703: 700: 699: 694: 689: 684: 679: 673: 670: 669: 666: 665: 662: 661: 654: 649: 644: 639: 634: 629: 624: 616: 611: 605: 602: 601: 598: 597: 592: 591: 590: 589: 584: 574: 569: 559: 549: 539: 529: 519: 509: 499: 489: 475: 474: 470: 469: 468: 467: 462: 457: 446: 441: 433: 428: 427: 426: 424:Low-profit LLC 413: 408: 400: 399: 395: 394: 393: 392: 387: 386: 385: 380: 375: 370: 356: 348: 340: 332: 321: 320: 314: 313: 312: 311: 303: 293: 283: 273: 259: 258: 256:European Union 250: 243: 242: 239: 238: 235: 234: 229: 224: 219: 214: 213: 212: 207: 202: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 167: 161: 158: 157: 154: 153: 150: 149: 148: 147: 142: 135:European Union 131: 126: 121: 116: 111: 106: 104:Cayman Islands 101: 96: 91: 86: 80: 77: 76: 73: 72: 64: 63: 57: 56: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15387: 15376: 15373: 15371: 15368: 15366: 15363: 15361: 15358: 15356: 15353: 15351: 15348: 15346: 15343: 15342: 15340: 15330: 15325: 15320: 15319: 15316: 15304: 15303: 15299: 15297: 15296: 15292: 15290: 15289: 15278: 15275: 15268: 15265: 15263: 15260: 15258: 15255: 15253: 15250: 15248: 15245: 15243: 15240: 15238: 15235: 15233: 15230: 15228: 15225: 15223: 15220: 15218: 15215: 15213: 15210: 15208: 15205: 15203: 15200: 15198: 15195: 15193: 15190: 15188: 15185: 15183: 15180: 15178: 15175: 15173: 15170: 15166: 15164: 15160: 15153: 15150: 15148: 15145: 15143: 15140: 15138: 15137:United States 15135: 15133: 15130: 15128: 15125: 15123: 15120: 15118: 15115: 15113: 15110: 15108: 15105: 15103: 15100: 15098: 15095: 15093: 15090: 15088: 15085: 15083: 15080: 15078: 15075: 15073: 15070: 15068: 15065: 15063: 15060: 15058: 15055: 15053: 15050: 15048: 15045: 15043: 15040: 15038: 15035: 15033: 15030: 15028: 15025: 15023: 15020: 15018: 15015: 15013: 15010: 15008: 15005: 15003: 15000: 14998: 14995: 14993: 14990: 14988: 14985: 14983: 14980: 14978: 14975: 14973: 14970: 14968: 14965: 14963: 14960: 14958: 14955: 14953: 14950: 14948: 14945: 14943: 14940: 14938: 14935: 14933: 14930: 14928: 14925: 14923: 14920: 14918: 14915: 14913: 14910: 14908: 14905: 14903: 14900: 14898: 14897:French Guiana 14895: 14893: 14890: 14888: 14885: 14883: 14880: 14878: 14875: 14873: 14870: 14868: 14865: 14863: 14860: 14858: 14855: 14853: 14850: 14848: 14845: 14843: 14840: 14838: 14835: 14833: 14830: 14828: 14825: 14823: 14820: 14818: 14815: 14813: 14810: 14808: 14805: 14803: 14800: 14798: 14795: 14793: 14790: 14788: 14785: 14783: 14780: 14778: 14775: 14773: 14770: 14768: 14765: 14763: 14760: 14758: 14755: 14753: 14750: 14748: 14745: 14743: 14740: 14738: 14735: 14733: 14730: 14726: 14724: 14720: 14713: 14710: 14708: 14705: 14703: 14700: 14698: 14695: 14693: 14690: 14688: 14685: 14683: 14680: 14676: 14674: 14670: 14663: 14660: 14658: 14655: 14653: 14650: 14648: 14645: 14643: 14640: 14638: 14635: 14633: 14630: 14628: 14625: 14623: 14620: 14618: 14615: 14613: 14610: 14608: 14605: 14603: 14600: 14598: 14595: 14593: 14590: 14588: 14585: 14583: 14580: 14578: 14575: 14573: 14570: 14568: 14565: 14563: 14560: 14558: 14555: 14553: 14550: 14548: 14545: 14543: 14540: 14538: 14535: 14533: 14530: 14528: 14525: 14523: 14520: 14518: 14515: 14513: 14510: 14508: 14505: 14503: 14500: 14498: 14495: 14493: 14490: 14488: 14485: 14483: 14480: 14478: 14475: 14473: 14470: 14468: 14465: 14463: 14460: 14458: 14455: 14453: 14450: 14448: 14445: 14443: 14440: 14438: 14435: 14433: 14430: 14428: 14425: 14423: 14420: 14418: 14415: 14413: 14410: 14408: 14405: 14401: 14399: 14395: 14388: 14385: 14383: 14380: 14378: 14375: 14373: 14370: 14368: 14365: 14363: 14360: 14358: 14355: 14353: 14350: 14348: 14345: 14343: 14340: 14338: 14335: 14333: 14330: 14328: 14325: 14323: 14320: 14318: 14315: 14313: 14310: 14308: 14307:Biennio Rosso 14305: 14303: 14300: 14298: 14295: 14293: 14290: 14288: 14287: 14283: 14281: 14278: 14276: 14273: 14271: 14268: 14266: 14263: 14261: 14258: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14248: 14246: 14243: 14241: 14238: 14236: 14233: 14231: 14228: 14226: 14225:Paris Commune 14223: 14221: 14218: 14216: 14213: 14211: 14208: 14204: 14202: 14198: 14191: 14188: 14186: 14183: 14181: 14178: 14176: 14173: 14170: 14166: 14164: 14161: 14158: 14154: 14152: 14149: 14147: 14144: 14142: 14139: 14137: 14136: 14132: 14130: 14127: 14125: 14122: 14120: 14117: 14115: 14112: 14110: 14107: 14105: 14102: 14100: 14097: 14095: 14092: 14090: 14087: 14085: 14084: 14080: 14076: 14074: 14070: 14062: 14059: 14057: 14054: 14052: 14049: 14047: 14046:Mutual credit 14044: 14042: 14039: 14037: 14034: 14032: 14029: 14027: 14024: 14022: 14019: 14017: 14014: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14004: 14002: 13999: 13996: 13994: 13993:Communization 13991: 13990: 13986: 13984: 13980: 13974: 13971: 13969: 13966: 13964: 13961: 13959: 13956: 13954: 13951: 13950: 13948: 13944: 13934: 13931: 13929: 13926: 13924: 13921: 13919: 13916: 13914: 13911: 13909: 13906: 13905: 13903: 13901: 13897: 13891: 13888: 13884: 13881: 13879: 13876: 13874: 13871: 13870: 13869: 13866: 13864: 13861: 13859: 13856: 13854: 13851: 13847: 13844: 13842: 13839: 13838: 13837: 13834: 13832: 13829: 13828: 13826: 13824: 13820: 13811: 13808: 13807: 13806: 13803: 13801: 13798: 13797: 13796: 13793: 13791: 13788: 13784: 13783:Philosophical 13781: 13779: 13776: 13772: 13769: 13768: 13767: 13764: 13763: 13762: 13761:Individualist 13759: 13757: 13755: 13751: 13748: 13746: 13742: 13735: 13732: 13730: 13727: 13725: 13722: 13720: 13717: 13715: 13712: 13710: 13707: 13705: 13704:Animal rights 13702: 13698: 13696: 13692: 13684: 13681: 13679: 13676: 13674: 13671: 13669: 13666: 13664: 13661: 13659: 13656: 13654: 13651: 13649: 13646: 13644: 13641: 13639: 13636: 13634: 13631: 13629: 13626: 13624: 13621: 13619: 13616: 13614: 13611: 13609: 13606: 13604: 13601: 13599: 13596: 13594: 13591: 13589: 13586: 13584: 13581: 13579: 13576: 13574: 13573:Individualism 13571: 13569: 13566: 13564: 13561: 13559: 13556: 13554: 13553:Direct action 13551: 13549: 13546: 13544: 13541: 13539: 13536: 13534: 13531: 13529: 13526: 13524: 13521: 13519: 13516: 13514: 13511: 13509: 13506: 13504: 13501: 13499: 13496: 13494: 13491: 13489: 13486: 13484: 13481: 13479: 13476: 13474: 13471: 13469: 13466: 13465: 13461: 13459: 13455: 13451: 13444: 13439: 13437: 13432: 13430: 13425: 13424: 13421: 13409: 13404: 13399: 13397: 13387: 13386: 13383: 13377: 13374: 13372: 13371:War communism 13369: 13367: 13364: 13362: 13359: 13357: 13354: 13352: 13349: 13347: 13344: 13340: 13337: 13336: 13335: 13332: 13330: 13327: 13325: 13322: 13318: 13315: 13313: 13310: 13309: 13308: 13305: 13303: 13300: 13298: 13295: 13293: 13290: 13288: 13285: 13283: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13273: 13270: 13268: 13265: 13264: 13262: 13258: 13252: 13249: 13247: 13244: 13242: 13239: 13237: 13234: 13233: 13231: 13227: 13220: 13216: 13213: 13209: 13207: 13204: 13202: 13199: 13197: 13194: 13193: 13191: 13189: 13185: 13179: 13176: 13174: 13171: 13169: 13166: 13164: 13161: 13159: 13156: 13154: 13151: 13149: 13146: 13144: 13141: 13137: 13134: 13133: 13132: 13129: 13127: 13124: 13122: 13119: 13117: 13114: 13113: 13111: 13107: 13101: 13098: 13096: 13095:Moufawad-Paul 13093: 13091: 13088: 13086: 13083: 13081: 13078: 13076: 13073: 13071: 13068: 13066: 13063: 13061: 13058: 13056: 13053: 13051: 13048: 13046: 13043: 13041: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13028: 13026: 13023: 13021: 13018: 13016: 13013: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13003: 13001: 12998: 12996: 12993: 12991: 12988: 12986: 12983: 12981: 12978: 12976: 12973: 12971: 12968: 12966: 12963: 12961: 12958: 12956: 12953: 12951: 12948: 12946: 12943: 12941: 12938: 12936: 12933: 12931: 12928: 12926: 12923: 12921: 12918: 12916: 12913: 12911: 12908: 12906: 12903: 12901: 12898: 12896: 12893: 12891: 12888: 12886: 12883: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12853: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12841: 12838: 12836: 12833: 12831: 12828: 12826: 12823: 12821: 12818: 12816: 12813: 12811: 12808: 12806: 12803: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12763: 12761: 12758: 12756: 12753: 12751: 12748: 12746: 12743: 12741: 12738: 12737: 12735: 12733: 12729: 12723: 12720: 12718: 12715: 12713: 12710: 12708: 12705: 12703: 12700: 12698: 12695: 12693: 12690: 12688: 12685: 12684: 12682: 12680:Organisations 12678: 12672: 12669: 12667: 12664: 12662: 12659: 12657: 12654: 12652: 12649: 12648: 12646: 12644: 12640: 12632: 12629: 12628: 12627: 12624: 12622: 12619: 12615: 12612: 12611: 12610: 12607: 12603: 12600: 12598: 12595: 12594: 12593: 12590: 12588: 12585: 12584: 12582: 12580: 12576: 12570: 12567: 12565: 12562: 12560: 12557: 12555: 12552: 12550: 12547: 12545: 12542: 12541: 12539: 12535: 12529: 12526: 12524: 12521: 12519: 12516: 12514: 12511: 12509: 12506: 12504: 12501: 12499: 12496: 12494: 12491: 12489: 12486: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12461: 12459: 12456: 12454: 12451: 12449: 12446: 12444: 12441: 12439: 12436: 12434: 12431: 12429: 12426: 12424: 12421: 12419: 12416: 12415: 12413: 12409: 12405: 12398: 12393: 12391: 12386: 12384: 12379: 12378: 12375: 12363: 12358: 12353: 12351: 12341: 12339: 12334: 12329: 12327: 12326: 12317: 12315: 12314: 12305: 12304: 12301: 12295: 12292: 12290: 12287: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12270: 12267: 12265: 12262: 12260: 12257: 12256: 12254: 12250: 12244: 12241: 12239: 12236: 12235: 12233: 12231: 12230:Organizations 12227: 12217: 12214: 12212: 12209: 12207: 12204: 12202: 12201:Lula da Silva 12199: 12197: 12194: 12192: 12189: 12187: 12184: 12182: 12179: 12177: 12174: 12172: 12169: 12168: 12166: 12159: 12153: 12150: 12148: 12145: 12143: 12140: 12138: 12135: 12133: 12130: 12128: 12125: 12123: 12120: 12118: 12115: 12113: 12110: 12108: 12105: 12103: 12100: 12098: 12095: 12093: 12090: 12088: 12085: 12083: 12080: 12078: 12075: 12073: 12070: 12068: 12065: 12063: 12060: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12043: 12042:Fred Paterson 12040: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12032:George Orwell 12030: 12028: 12025: 12023: 12020: 12018: 12015: 12013: 12010: 12008: 12005: 12003: 12000: 11998: 11997:Salama Moussa 11995: 11993: 11990: 11988: 11985: 11983: 11980: 11978: 11975: 11973: 11972:Nestor Makhno 11970: 11968: 11965: 11963: 11960: 11958: 11955: 11953: 11952:György Lukács 11950: 11948: 11945: 11943: 11942:Claude Lefort 11940: 11938: 11935: 11933: 11930: 11928: 11925: 11923: 11920: 11918: 11915: 11913: 11910: 11908: 11905: 11903: 11900: 11898: 11895: 11893: 11890: 11888: 11885: 11883: 11880: 11878: 11875: 11873: 11872:Eric Hobsbawm 11870: 11868: 11867:Safdar Hashmi 11865: 11863: 11860: 11858: 11855: 11853: 11850: 11848: 11845: 11843: 11840: 11838: 11835: 11833: 11830: 11828: 11825: 11823: 11820: 11818: 11815: 11813: 11810: 11808: 11805: 11803: 11802:Jeremy Corbyn 11800: 11798: 11797:G. D. H. Cole 11795: 11793: 11790: 11788: 11785: 11783: 11780: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11763: 11760: 11758: 11755: 11753: 11750: 11748: 11745: 11743: 11740: 11738: 11735: 11733: 11730: 11728: 11725: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11717:Deng Xiaoping 11715: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11703: 11700: 11698: 11695: 11693: 11690: 11688: 11685: 11683: 11680: 11679: 11677: 11670: 11664: 11661: 11659: 11656: 11654: 11653:Josiah Warren 11651: 11649: 11646: 11644: 11641: 11639: 11636: 11634: 11633:Pyotr Tkachev 11631: 11629: 11626: 11624: 11621: 11619: 11616: 11614: 11611: 11609: 11606: 11604: 11601: 11599: 11596: 11594: 11591: 11589: 11586: 11584: 11581: 11579: 11576: 11574: 11571: 11569: 11566: 11564: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11554: 11551: 11549: 11546: 11544: 11543:Louise Michel 11541: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11526: 11524: 11523:Pierre Leroux 11521: 11519: 11516: 11514: 11511: 11509: 11506: 11504: 11503:Paul Lafargue 11501: 11499: 11496: 11494: 11491: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11476: 11474: 11471: 11469: 11466: 11464: 11461: 11459: 11456: 11454: 11451: 11449: 11446: 11444: 11441: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11419: 11416: 11414: 11411: 11409: 11406: 11404: 11403:Étienne Cabet 11401: 11399: 11396: 11394: 11391: 11389: 11388:Georg Büchner 11386: 11384: 11381: 11379: 11376: 11374: 11371: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11361: 11359: 11356: 11354: 11353:Enrico Barone 11351: 11349: 11346: 11344: 11341: 11339: 11336: 11335: 11333: 11326: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11310: 11307: 11305: 11302: 11300: 11297: 11296: 11294: 11287: 11281: 11278: 11276: 11273: 11272: 11270: 11263: 11260: 11258: 11254: 11248: 11245: 11243: 11240: 11238: 11235: 11233: 11230: 11228: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11190: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11180: 11178: 11175: 11173: 11170: 11168: 11165: 11163: 11160: 11158: 11155: 11153: 11150: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11139: 11137: 11133: 11127: 11124: 11122: 11121:Welfare state 11119: 11117: 11114: 11112: 11109: 11107: 11104: 11102: 11099: 11097: 11094: 11092: 11089: 11087: 11084: 11082: 11079: 11077: 11074: 11072: 11069: 11067: 11064: 11062: 11059: 11057: 11056:Nanosocialism 11054: 11052: 11049: 11047: 11046:Mixed economy 11044: 11042: 11039: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11024: 11021: 11017: 11015: 11014:Impossibilism 11012: 11010: 11007: 11005: 11002: 11000: 10997: 10995: 10992: 10990: 10987: 10985: 10984:Equal liberty 10982: 10980: 10977: 10975: 10972: 10970: 10967: 10965: 10962: 10960: 10957: 10955: 10952: 10950: 10947: 10945: 10942: 10940: 10937: 10935: 10932: 10931: 10929: 10923: 10913: 10910: 10908: 10905: 10903: 10900: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10887: 10886: 10883: 10881: 10878: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10868: 10866: 10863: 10861: 10858: 10854: 10853:Eurocommunism 10851: 10850: 10849: 10846: 10840: 10837: 10836: 10835: 10832: 10830: 10827: 10826: 10825: 10822: 10820: 10817: 10815: 10812: 10810: 10807: 10805: 10802: 10801: 10799: 10795: 10789: 10786: 10784: 10781: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10768: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10758: 10756: 10754: 10750: 10742: 10739: 10738: 10737: 10734: 10730: 10727: 10725: 10722: 10716: 10715:Neo-Stalinism 10713: 10712: 10711: 10708: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10676: 10675: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10668:Khrushchevism 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10658: 10654: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10642: 10639: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10618: 10617: 10614: 10612: 10609: 10608: 10607: 10604: 10602: 10599: 10595: 10592: 10591: 10590: 10587: 10586: 10584: 10581: 10576: 10575:Authoritarian 10572: 10566: 10563: 10559: 10556: 10552: 10549: 10547: 10544: 10543: 10542: 10539: 10537: 10534: 10532: 10529: 10525: 10522: 10521: 10520: 10517: 10516: 10515: 10512: 10510: 10507: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10488: 10485: 10483: 10480: 10478: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10462:Individualist 10460: 10458: 10455: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10443: 10442: 10441: 10438: 10436: 10433: 10431: 10428: 10427: 10426: 10423: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10412: 10408: 10398: 10395: 10394: 10393: 10390: 10388: 10385: 10383: 10380: 10378: 10375: 10374: 10373: 10370: 10368: 10365: 10363: 10360: 10358: 10357:Revolutionary 10355: 10353: 10350: 10348: 10345: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10333: 10330: 10326: 10323: 10321: 10318: 10317: 10316: 10313: 10311: 10308: 10306: 10303: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10286: 10283: 10281: 10278: 10277: 10275: 10273: 10267: 10263: 10259: 10254: 10249: 10241: 10236: 10234: 10229: 10227: 10222: 10221: 10218: 10206: 10205: 10201: 10199: 10198: 10194: 10193: 10190: 10184: 10181: 10177: 10174: 10172: 10169: 10167: 10164: 10162: 10159: 10157: 10154: 10152: 10149: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10134: 10132: 10129: 10128: 10127: 10123: 10120: 10118: 10115: 10111: 10110: 10106: 10105: 10104: 10103: 10099: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10086: 10085: 10084: 10080: 10076: 10072: 10068: 10064: 10061: 10060: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10050: 10048: 10046: 10042: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10026: 10024: 10021: 10019: 10016: 10014: 10011: 10010: 10009: 10008:United States 10006: 10004: 10001: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9975: 9973: 9967: 9959: 9956: 9955: 9954: 9951: 9949: 9946: 9944: 9941: 9939: 9936: 9934: 9931: 9929: 9926: 9924: 9921: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9909: 9906: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9893: 9892:Force majeure 9889: 9887: 9884: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9866: 9865: 9862: 9858: 9855: 9854: 9853: 9850: 9845: 9843: 9842: 9838: 9837: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9826: 9823: 9821: 9818: 9814: 9813:Value of life 9811: 9809: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9776: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9766: 9764: 9762: 9757: 9751: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9728: 9726: 9723: 9721: 9718: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9708: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9691: 9688: 9686: 9683: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9675:Interest rate 9673: 9669: 9666: 9665: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9623: 9622: 9619: 9617: 9614: 9612: 9609: 9607: 9604: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9591: 9590: 9587: 9586: 9584: 9580: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9543:Inland marine 9541: 9539: 9538:GAP insurance 9536: 9534: 9531: 9530: 9528: 9526:Communication 9522: 9516: 9513: 9511: 9508: 9506: 9503: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9491: 9488: 9486: 9483: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9463: 9461: 9458: 9457: 9455: 9451: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9376: 9374: 9370: 9364: 9361: 9359: 9356: 9354: 9351: 9349: 9348:Unitised fund 9346: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9338:Mortgage life 9336: 9334: 9331: 9330: 9328: 9326: 9322: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9285: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9276: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9266: 9265: 9263: 9261: 9257: 9254: 9248: 9244: 9237: 9232: 9230: 9225: 9223: 9218: 9217: 9214: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9193: 9190: 9176: 9173: 9170: 9167: 9164: 9161: 9158: 9155: 9154: 9152: 9148: 9142: 9141:United States 9139: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9123: 9121: 9117: 9111: 9110:Beatrice Webb 9108: 9106: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9070:G. D. H. Cole 9068: 9067: 9065: 9063:Key theorists 9061: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8996: 8994: 8989:Political and 8986: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8971: 8969: 8965: 8961: 8954: 8950: 8936: 8935: 8931: 8929: 8928: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8913: 8911: 8907: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8875: 8872: 8871: 8870: 8867: 8866: 8864: 8860: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8845: 8843: 8839: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8805: 8801: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8784:Reforestation 8782: 8780: 8777: 8776: 8774: 8772: 8768: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8751: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8731: 8729: 8727: 8723: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8699: 8698: 8696: 8694: 8690: 8687: 8683: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8664: 8662: 8659: 8655: 8651: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8634: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8611: 8608: 8606:By governance 8604: 8600: 8596:Organizations 8593: 8589: 8585: 8581: 8574: 8569: 8567: 8562: 8560: 8555: 8554: 8551: 8545: 8542: 8539: 8538: 8533: 8530: 8529: 8519: 8515: 8512: 8511: 8507: 8504: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8492: 8489: 8488: 8484: 8481: 8480: 8476: 8473: 8469: 8466: 8465: 8460: 8457: 8453: 8450: 8449: 8444: 8441: 8438: 8434: 8431: 8430: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8418: 8412: 8410: 8406: 8403: 8399: 8397:, Z Magazine. 8396: 8392: 8389: 8388: 8383: 8380: 8377: 8373: 8370: 8367: 8364: 8363: 8358: 8355: 8352: 8351: 8346: 8345:Gide, Charles 8343: 8340: 8336: 8333: 8329: 8326: 8325: 8320: 8317: 8314: 8311:Curl, John. " 8310: 8307: 8303: 8301: 8300: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8286: 8283: 8280: 8277: 8274: 8270: 8257: 8241: 8237: 8232: 8228: 8215: 8204: 8197: 8192: 8189: 8188: 8183: 8182:Peter Marcuse 8179: 8175: 8172: 8169: 8166: 8165: 8160: 8156: 8153: 8150: 8149: 8136: 8132: 8129: 8124: 8108: 8104: 8100: 8094: 8088: 8087:9780979277207 8084: 8080: 8074: 8068: 8067:9781878067234 8064: 8060: 8054: 8047: 8043: 8039: 8033: 8026: 8022: 8019: 8013: 8006: 8002: 7999: 7993: 7991: 7974: 7970: 7966: 7960: 7952: 7948: 7943: 7938: 7934: 7930: 7923: 7921: 7919: 7917: 7901: 7897: 7891: 7889: 7887: 7885: 7883: 7881: 7879: 7877: 7868: 7864: 7860: 7856: 7852: 7848: 7844: 7840: 7833: 7827: 7825: 7823: 7821: 7819: 7817: 7815: 7813: 7811: 7809: 7807: 7805: 7803: 7801: 7799: 7797: 7795: 7793: 7791: 7789: 7787: 7767: 7760: 7754: 7752: 7743: 7737: 7718: 7711: 7705: 7697: 7691: 7672: 7665: 7659: 7643: 7639: 7633: 7617: 7613: 7609: 7603: 7587: 7583: 7579: 7572: 7556: 7552: 7548: 7542: 7523: 7519: 7513: 7509: 7502: 7496: 7488: 7482: 7463: 7456: 7450: 7442: 7438: 7431: 7416: 7412: 7411:"APA PsycNet" 7406: 7397: 7395: 7379: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7360: 7344: 7340: 7333: 7317: 7313: 7307: 7291: 7287: 7280: 7278: 7268: 7260: 7256: 7252: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7224: 7220: 7213: 7211: 7202: 7196: 7192: 7191: 7183: 7175: 7171: 7167: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7149: 7145: 7141: 7137: 7133: 7126: 7124: 7122: 7120: 7111: 7105: 7091: 7085: 7081: 7077: 7074:, Routledge, 7073: 7069: 7062: 7046: 7042: 7036: 7026: 7024: 7022: 7020: 7018: 7009: 7005: 7001: 6997: 6993: 6989: 6985: 6981: 6977: 6970: 6968: 6951: 6947: 6941: 6939: 6937: 6935: 6933: 6931: 6929: 6927: 6918: 6914: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6898: 6894: 6887: 6885: 6883: 6881: 6879: 6877: 6860: 6856: 6850: 6848: 6846: 6830: 6826: 6820: 6805: 6801: 6795: 6793: 6791: 6789: 6773: 6769: 6763: 6761: 6759: 6750: 6746: 6740: 6731: 6715: 6711: 6707: 6701: 6685: 6681: 6675: 6667: 6661: 6642: 6635: 6629: 6622: 6616: 6609: 6603: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6564:(in German). 6563: 6559: 6552: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6524: 6520: 6516: 6513:(in German). 6512: 6508: 6501: 6494: 6488: 6480: 6474: 6467: 6463: 6460:. Routledge. 6459: 6453: 6451: 6449: 6432: 6428: 6422: 6406: 6402: 6396: 6380: 6376: 6370: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6340: 6333: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6321: 6315: 6308: 6301: 6294: 6293: 6286: 6278: 6272: 6265: 6258: 6257: 6250: 6243: 6239: 6233: 6229: 6228: 6220: 6213: 6211: 6205: 6203:951-0-29148-X 6199: 6195: 6188: 6180: 6179: 6171: 6169: 6167: 6150: 6146: 6140: 6130: 6126: 6123: 6118: 6111: 6107: 6104: 6098: 6092: 6088: 6085: 6079: 6077: 6068: 6067: 6062: 6056: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6026: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6004: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5974: 5958: 5954: 5953:Coop Identity 5950: 5949:"Coop Marque" 5944: 5936: 5932: 5928: 5922: 5914: 5907: 5899: 5892: 5884: 5877: 5870: 5864: 5857: 5851: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5821: 5805: 5801: 5795: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5765: 5763: 5755: 5751: 5748: 5743: 5736: 5732: 5729: 5724: 5717: 5711: 5705: 5704:0-586-03832-9 5701: 5695: 5686: 5680: 5676: 5673: 5667: 5661: 5657: 5654: 5648: 5632: 5628: 5622: 5606: 5602: 5596: 5587: 5579: 5575: 5569: 5562: 5561: 5556: 5552: 5549: 5543: 5527: 5523: 5517: 5510: 5504: 5488: 5484: 5477: 5466: 5459: 5453: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5431: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5400: 5381: 5377: 5370: 5364: 5362: 5345: 5341: 5340: 5335: 5328: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5298: 5291: 5279: 5275: 5269: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5238: 5223: 5219: 5213: 5205: 5201: 5200: 5195: 5189: 5185: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5084: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4978: 4975: 4974: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4964: 4959: 4953: 4948: 4945: 4939: 4934: 4931: 4925: 4920: 4913: 4911: 4910: 4905: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4891: 4887: 4884:is a popular 4883: 4879: 4877: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4865:in New York. 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4847: 4840: 4837: 4836: 4835: 4833: 4829: 4828: 4823: 4819: 4814: 4800: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4780: 4776: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4754: 4750: 4749:pick-up lines 4746: 4743: 4740: 4739: 4738: 4736: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4717: 4714: 4710: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4698: 4697: 4695: 4691: 4686: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4641:, democracy, 4640: 4629: 4626: 4618: 4608: 4604: 4598: 4597: 4592:This section 4590: 4586: 4581: 4580: 4576: 4566: 4562: 4559: 4554: 4552: 4551:mental health 4548: 4540: 4537: 4534: 4531: 4530: 4529: 4523: 4520: 4517: 4514: 4513: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4481: 4477: 4468: 4459: 4451: 4449: 4445: 4435: 4430: 4420: 4412: 4407: 4397: 4388: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4356: 4347: 4339: 4337: 4333: 4327: 4317: 4309: 4307: 4301: 4291: 4283: 4274: 4269: 4259: 4256: 4252: 4242: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4204: 4202: 4196: 4186: 4184: 4175: 4166: 4157: 4152:Gross profits 4144: 4132: 4129: 4128: 4127: 4124: 4121: 4117: 4112: 4102: 4100: 4096: 4093:According to 4086: 4083: 4074: 4069: 4059: 4057: 4056:Credit unions 4051: 4036: 4032: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4017: 4008: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3989: 3985: 3984: 3978: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3942: 3939: 3936: 3933: 3929: 3926: 3925: 3918: 3908: 3903: 3901: 3896:This section 3894: 3885: 3884: 3876: 3872: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3853:shell company 3849: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3834: 3820: 3817: 3814: 3811: 3808: 3805: 3804: 3803: 3797: 3794: 3791: 3788: 3785: 3782: 3779: 3778: 3777: 3775: 3770: 3768: 3763: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3741: 3738: 3737: 3730: 3720: 3715: 3713: 3708:This section 3706: 3697: 3696: 3688: 3685: 3680: 3676: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3653: 3643: 3634: 3632: 3626: 3623: 3619: 3617: 3613: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3583: 3579: 3574: 3565: 3563: 3560:According to 3558: 3556: 3553:According to 3551: 3548: 3543: 3541: 3537: 3527: 3525: 3524:Jeremy Corbyn 3520: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3488: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3468: 3466: 3462: 3450: 3445: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3430: 3424: 3414: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3361: 3359: 3352: 3337: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3324:, pasta from 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3294: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3280: 3279: 3272: 3268: 3265: 3261: 3258: 3254: 3251: 3247: 3244: 3240: 3237: 3233: 3232: 3231: 3228: 3227: 3223: 3214: 3210: 3208: 3195: 3191: 3188: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3174: 3173: 3169: 3167: 3162: 3155: 3145: 3137: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3100: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3084: 3080: 3069: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3003: 3001: 2992: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2980:A. K. Gopalan 2977: 2971: 2968: 2964: 2953: 2950: 2942: 2939:February 2024 2931: 2928: 2924: 2921: 2917: 2914: 2910: 2907: 2903: 2900: – 2899: 2898:"Cooperative" 2895: 2894:Find sources: 2888: 2884: 2878: 2877: 2872:This article 2870: 2866: 2861: 2860: 2856: 2846: 2845:of Scotland. 2844: 2840: 2834: 2833:individuals. 2825: 2822: 2820: 2819:credit unions 2816: 2812: 2807: 2805: 2800: 2797: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2780: 2779:United States 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2751: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2736:Credit unions 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2713: 2709: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2689: 2688: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2660: 2650: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2637: 2633: 2628: 2621: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2597: 2596: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2576: 2572: 2562: 2553: 2548: 2538: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2507: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2467: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2448: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2421: 2413: 2408: 2399: 2397: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2380:credit unions 2378: 2374: 2365: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2334: 2333: 2331: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2288: 2283: 2281: 2276: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2244:received the 2243: 2238: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2215: 2212: 2207: 2204: 2200: 2195: 2191: 2186: 2184: 2180: 2175: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2148: 2144: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2096: 2092: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2043: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2025:In 1761, the 2020: 2016: 2012: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1895: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1876: 1874: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1850: 1848: 1844: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1796: 1795: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1757: 1752: 1750: 1745: 1743: 1738: 1737: 1735: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1718: 1717: 1716: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1661:Business plan 1659: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1645: 1640: 1639: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1591:Communication 1589: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1578: 1572: 1571: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1552: 1551:administrator 1549: 1548: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1515: 1512: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1452: 1449: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1434: 1433:administrator 1431: 1430: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1402: 1399: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1342:Configuration 1340: 1338: 1335: 1331: 1328: 1327: 1326: 1323: 1319: 1316: 1315: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1280: 1274: 1273: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1162: 1156: 1155: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1097:Mixed economy 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1069: 1066: 1061: 1060: 1053: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1003: 1000: 995: 994: 987: 984: 982: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 957: 954: 952: 949: 948: 945: 944:Corporate law 940: 939: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 908: 905: 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355: 349: 347: 341: 339: 333: 331: 325: 324: 323: 322: 316: 315: 310: 304: 302: 298: 294: 292: 288: 284: 282: 278: 274: 272: 267: 263: 262: 261: 260: 257: 254: 253: 248: 241: 240: 233: 230: 228: 225: 223: 220: 218: 215: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 197: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 163: 162: 156: 155: 146: 143: 141: 138: 137: 136: 132: 130: 127: 125: 124:United States 122: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 105: 102: 100: 97: 95: 92: 90: 87: 85: 82: 81: 75: 74: 70: 66: 65: 62: 61:Corporate law 59: 58: 54: 50: 49: 44: 37: 33: 19: 15350:Cooperatives 15300: 15293: 15279: 15192:Anti-statism 15182:Anti-fascism 15087:South Africa 14587:Pi i Margall 14284: 14133: 14094:Anarcho-punk 14081: 14056:Wage slavery 14021:Gift economy 13918:Postcolonial 13900:Contemporary 13853:Independence 13800:Collectivist 13719:Love and sex 13548:Deep ecology 13483:Anationalism 13324:LGBTQ rights 13282:Anti-fascism 13168:Soviet Union 12549:Gift economy 12508:Wage slavery 12323: 12311: 12142:Clara Zetkin 12122:Leon Trotsky 12117:Ernst Toller 12107:R. H. Tawney 12047:Karl Polanyi 11922:James Larkin 11787:Noam Chomsky 11513:Pyotr Lavrov 11493:Karl Kautsky 11488:Mother Jones 11468:Charles Hall 11458:Emma Goldman 11428:Claire Démar 11358:August Bebel 11166: 11152:Basic income 10655: 10531:Luxemburgism 10482:Neozapatismo 10430:Collectivist 10280:21st century 10202: 10195: 10141:Credit union 10130: 10107: 10100: 10081: 9953:Underwriting 9908:Insurability 9890: 9869:Co-insurance 9839: 9835:Cancellation 9626:Catastrophic 9611:Climate risk 9439:Trade credit 9085:William King 9075:Charles Gide 9009:Distributism 8932: 8925: 8771:Agricultural 8701:Credit union 8580:Cooperatives 8579: 8535: 8509: 8502: 8486: 8478: 8463: 8455: 8447: 8428: 8416: 8386: 8375: 8361: 8349: 8323: 8312: 8305: 8298: 8256:cite journal 8244:. Retrieved 8240:the original 8214:cite journal 8203:the original 8185: 8162: 8145:Bibliography 8123: 8111:. Retrieved 8102: 8093: 8078: 8077:Madeson, F. 8073: 8058: 8053: 8037: 8036:Follett, K. 8032: 8012: 7977:. Retrieved 7973:the original 7968: 7959: 7932: 7903:. Retrieved 7899: 7842: 7832: 7773:. Retrieved 7724:. Retrieved 7717:the original 7704: 7678:. Retrieved 7658: 7646:. Retrieved 7632: 7620:. Retrieved 7611: 7602: 7590:. Retrieved 7581: 7571: 7559:. Retrieved 7551:www.geo.coop 7550: 7541: 7529:. Retrieved 7495: 7469:. Retrieved 7449: 7440: 7430: 7418:. Retrieved 7414: 7405: 7381:. Retrieved 7369: 7359: 7347:. Retrieved 7345:(in Spanish) 7342: 7332: 7320:. Retrieved 7315: 7306: 7294:. Retrieved 7292:(in Catalan) 7289: 7267: 7222: 7190:On Democracy 7189: 7182: 7139: 7135: 7093:, retrieved 7071: 7061: 7049:. Retrieved 7045:Co-opLaw.org 7044: 7035: 6983: 6979: 6954:. Retrieved 6949: 6900: 6896: 6863:. Retrieved 6858: 6832:. Retrieved 6828: 6819: 6807:. Retrieved 6803: 6775:. Retrieved 6771: 6749:the original 6739: 6730: 6718:. Retrieved 6709: 6700: 6688:. Retrieved 6684:the original 6674: 6648:. Retrieved 6628: 6623:(Roma, 2011) 6620: 6615: 6607: 6602: 6590:. Retrieved 6565: 6561: 6551: 6539:. Retrieved 6517:(1): 91–92. 6514: 6510: 6500: 6492: 6487: 6473: 6435:. Retrieved 6421: 6409:. Retrieved 6395: 6383:. Retrieved 6369: 6357:. Retrieved 6348: 6339: 6329: 6314: 6306: 6291: 6285: 6263: 6255: 6249: 6241: 6226: 6219: 6209: 6207: 6193: 6187: 6177: 6153:. Retrieved 6139: 6133:(in Finnish) 6117: 6097: 6064: 6055: 6043:. Retrieved 6035:Domains.Coop 6034: 6025: 6017:the original 6012: 6003: 5991:. Retrieved 5983:Co-op Marque 5982: 5973: 5961:. Retrieved 5952: 5943: 5935:the original 5930: 5921: 5912: 5906: 5897: 5891: 5882: 5876: 5868: 5863: 5855: 5850: 5838:. Retrieved 5829: 5820: 5808:. Retrieved 5794: 5782:. Retrieved 5774:www.ica.coop 5773: 5742: 5723: 5715: 5710: 5694: 5685: 5666: 5647: 5635:. Retrieved 5621: 5609:. Retrieved 5605:the original 5595: 5586: 5577: 5568: 5560:The Guardian 5558: 5542: 5530:. Retrieved 5525: 5516: 5508: 5503: 5491:. Retrieved 5476: 5465:the original 5452: 5444:the original 5440:thenews.coop 5439: 5430: 5418:. 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Retrieved 5221: 5212: 5204:the original 5197: 5188: 5094:Microfinance 5079:Los Horcones 5029:Distributism 4907: 4901: 4894: 4881: 4880: 4873: 4867: 4858: 4850: 4848: 4844: 4831: 4825: 4815: 4812: 4794: 4790:adding to it 4785: 4732: 4688:Some of the 4687: 4682: 4678:gender norms 4675: 4636: 4621: 4612: 4601:Please help 4596:verification 4593: 4563: 4555: 4546: 4544: 4527: 4510: 4489: 4487: 4478: 4474: 4465: 4457: 4441: 4432: 4418: 4409: 4394: 4365:equity funds 4362: 4353: 4345: 4332:stock market 4329: 4315: 4312:Social bonds 4303: 4300:Crowdlending 4294:Crowdlending 4289: 4280: 4271: 4248: 4220: 4216: 4213:Crowdfunding 4207:Crowdfunding 4198: 4181: 4172: 4163: 4155: 4142: 4139:Social loans 4125: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4092: 4084: 4080: 4071: 4053: 4033: 4018: 4014: 3981: 3980: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3912: 3905:Please help 3897: 3873: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3829: 3801: 3771: 3764: 3760: 3724: 3717:Please help 3709: 3681: 3677: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3640: 3627: 3624: 3620: 3608: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3575: 3571: 3559: 3552: 3544: 3533: 3521: 3509:Labour Party 3494: 3474: 3457: 3426: 3411:sweat equity 3367: 3354: 3301: 3300: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3281: 3277: 3276: 3270: 3263: 3257:Sympathisers 3256: 3249: 3242: 3235: 3229: 3225: 3224: 3220: 3211: 3206: 3204: 3170: 3157: 3143: 3129: 3123: 3120: 3101: 3087: 3075: 3044: 3039: 3035: 3034: 3026:ACE Hardware 3022:Best Western 3019: 3015: 2999: 2998: 2984:Slaney's Act 2972: 2960: 2945: 2936: 2926: 2919: 2912: 2905: 2893: 2881:Please help 2876:verification 2873: 2835: 2831: 2823: 2808: 2803: 2801: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2762: 2752: 2734: 2712:Credit union 2696: 2692: 2684: 2662: 2642: 2629: 2625: 2619: 2616:Group equity 2615: 2605: 2599: 2593: 2578: 2559: 2550: 2524: 2479: 2475: 2473: 2449: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2420:legal entity 2417: 2392: 2371:Since 2002, 2370: 2327: 2284: 2277: 2258: 2239: 2216: 2208: 2187: 2176: 2171: 2168:Ľudovít Štúr 2164:Credit union 2159: 2155: 2153: 2125:savings bank 2108:to create a 2088: 2083: 2080:William King 2024: 1996: 1977: 1938:Credit union 1877: 1870: 1851: 1840: 1779: 1775: 1772:co-operative 1771: 1767: 1765: 1581:Architecture 1575:Organization 1541:Supply chain 1367:Earned value 1240:Stock market 1117:Open economy 1107:Econometrics 855: 846:Conglomerate 752: 656: 619: 577: 562: 552: 542: 532: 523:Aksjeselskap 522: 513:Aktieselskab 512: 502: 492: 481: 368:by guarantee 296: 286: 276: 265: 174: 170:Conglomerate 114:South Africa 18:Co-operative 15102:Switzerland 15062:Puerto Rico 15047:Philippines 15012:New Zealand 15007:Netherlands 14877:El Salvador 14712:Periodicals 14275:Tragic Week 14146:Lifestylism 14041:Mutual bank 13997:Cooperative 13963:Platformism 13913:Free-market 13841:Primitivist 13724:Nationalism 13653:Somatherapy 13563:Freethought 13366:Trade union 13158:Philippines 12609:Pre-Marxist 12602:Libertarian 12206:Evo Morales 12196:Kim Jong Un 12176:Hugo Chávez 12147:Howard Zinn 12137:Cornel West 12132:H. G. Wells 12102:Sun Yat-sen 11932:Jack Layton 11907:Kim Il Sung 11902:Kim Jong-il 11857:Maxim Gorky 11807:Marcel Déat 11722:Jiang Zemin 11663:Oscar Wilde 11603:George Sand 11558:Robert Owen 11483:Jean Jaurès 11373:Louis Blanc 11280:Thomas More 11242:Technocracy 11116:Trade union 11086:Revisionism 11036:Land reform 10907:Third World 10834:Nationalist 10621:Brezhnevism 10594:Nechayevism 10536:Mao-Spontex 10502:Syndicalist 10492:Communalism 10487:Platformism 10440:Free-market 10411:Libertarian 10397:Technocracy 10347:Nationalist 10325:Syndicalism 10176:Trade union 10131:Cooperative 9804:Uncertainty 9663:Index-based 9631:Multi-peril 9589:Reinsurance 9548:Public auto 9453:Residential 9090:Robert Owen 8754:egalitarian 8057:Wilson, B. 7680:29 November 7648:29 November 7622:29 November 7612:www.sba.gov 7592:29 November 7531:29 November 7242:10550/90859 6772:www.uk.coop 6720:22 February 6690:25 December 6359:29 November 6210:osuuspääoma 6045:23 February 6013:Coop Marque 5993:23 February 5963:23 February 5840:20 December 5810:20 December 5784:16 December 5578:archive.org 5420:29 November 5163:Syndicalism 5098:microcredit 5009:Corporatism 4822:World War I 4818:Ken Follett 4753:sexist joke 4690:patriarchal 4369:mutual fund 4233:factory in 4227:Insorgiamo! 3833:syndicalism 3684:Robert Dahl 3669:Mark Kaswan 3540:labor force 3517:food retail 3513:Plaid Cymru 3499:formed the 3440:, with the 3387:social club 3334:goat's milk 3326:durum wheat 3205:The SCIC – 3068:in Israel. 3054:Ocean Spray 2811:Scandinavia 2729:Robert Owen 2531:agriculture 2110:cooperative 2052:Robert Owen 2019:Robert Owen 1974:Trade union 1792:collectives 1768:cooperative 1696:Trade route 1611:Engineering 1606:Development 1458:Performance 1401:development 1362:Distributed 1235:Liquidation 876:Partnership 861:Corporation 856:Cooperative 658:Ultra vires 378:proprietary 195:Partnership 190:Joint-stock 180:Corporation 175:Cooperative 15339:Categories 15222:Dual Power 15207:Autonomism 15202:Autarchism 14862:East Timor 14832:Costa Rica 14777:Bangladesh 14772:Azerbaijan 14482:Feyerabend 14119:Freeganism 13771:Illegalist 13709:Capitalism 13648:Sociocracy 13618:Revolution 13583:Mutual aid 13513:Black bloc 12975:Berlinguer 12865:Khrushchev 12313:Categories 12216:Xi Jinping 12152:J. Posadas 11822:John Dewey 11812:Guy Debord 11732:Jyoti Basu 11613:Eugène Sue 10927:and issues 10925:Key topics 10902:Sri Lankan 10875:Melanesian 10870:Indonesian 10819:Bolivarian 10741:Lassallism 10729:Tkachevism 10606:Bolshevism 10580:from above 10565:Third camp 10541:Trotskyism 10416:from below 10382:Icarianism 10377:Fourierism 10362:Scientific 10295:Democratic 10270:Schools of 9971:by country 9969:Insurance 9943:Total loss 9864:Deductible 9825:Cash value 9769:Act of God 9754:Insurance 9668:Parametric 9648:Expatriate 9524:Transport/ 9490:Landlords' 9475:Earthquake 9363:Whole life 9283:Disability 8794:Wheat pool 8789:Winemaking 8685:By product 8654:Federation 8639:Purchasing 8374:Paton, R. 8246:17 January 8113:16 January 7506:(Report). 6855:"Criteris" 6710:ucpccu.org 6437:25 October 6411:25 October 6385:25 October 6349:www.pty.fi 5611:16 October 5532:30 January 5483:"About Us" 5389:11 January 5374:(Report). 5350:27 January 5339:The Nation 5284:16 January 5180:References 5108:Mutual aid 5083:Walden Two 4886:board game 4861:is set in 4651:solidarity 4427:See also: 4404:See also: 4324:See also: 4298:See also: 4266:See also: 4211:See also: 4193:See also: 4109:See also: 3988:resilience 3975:See also: 3915:April 2024 3727:April 2024 3671:describes 3650:See also: 3447:See also: 3371:collective 3278:Governance 3271:Supporters 3093:harvesting 2909:newspapers 2725:Manchester 2519:Raiffeisen 2495:Co-op City 2441:purchasing 2306:of global 2250:AIV silage 2227:Raiffeisen 2104:founded a 2064:David Dale 2060:New Lanark 2039:discounted 1920:See also: 1828:investors. 1788:enterprise 1784:autonomous 1563:Technology 1445:Operations 1325:Commercial 1318:innovation 1308:Capability 1200:Derivative 789:Accounting 715:Law portal 563:Osakeyhtiö 482:Aktiebolag 431:Series LLC 15262:Socialism 15212:Communism 15147:Venezuela 15082:Singapore 15017:Nicaragua 14942:Indonesia 14922:Hong Kong 14917:Guatemala 14762:Australia 14752:Argentina 14723:By region 14707:Musicians 14612:Santillán 14562:Malatesta 14532:Kropotkin 14512:Guillaume 14190:Symbolism 14104:DIY ethic 13983:Economics 13928:Post-left 13873:Christian 13868:Religious 13805:Communist 13790:Mutualist 13754:Classical 13714:Education 13663:Squatting 13623:Rewilding 13558:Free love 13450:Anarchism 13346:Red Scare 13229:Criticism 13109:By region 13090:Hatherley 12920:Althusser 12855:Togliatti 12805:Kollontai 12800:Luxemburg 12785:Pannekoek 12780:Malatesta 12775:Kropotkin 12631:Christian 12626:Religious 12621:Primitive 12587:Anarchist 12569:Use value 12537:Economics 12404:Communism 12264:Communism 12259:Anarchism 12186:Hu Jintao 12007:Imre Nagy 11792:M. N. Roy 11752:Léon Blum 11747:Tony Benn 11682:Tariq Ali 11538:Karl Marx 11142:Adhocracy 11081:Reformism 10969:Democracy 10839:Chiangist 10829:Communist 10776:communism 10771:anarchism 10766:Christian 10753:Religious 10710:Stalinism 10636:Guevarism 10626:Castroism 10601:Blanquism 10477:Mutualism 10435:Communist 10425:Anarchism 10352:Reformist 10320:Labourism 10290:Communist 10248:Socialism 10117:Syndicate 10083:Collegium 9978:Australia 9933:Risk pool 9903:Indemnity 9874:Copayment 9808:Knightian 9720:Terrorism 9690:Liability 9558:Satellite 9419:Pollution 9343:Term life 9252:insurance 9250:Types of 9243:Insurance 9119:By region 9044:Socialism 9024:Mutualism 8881:Recycling 8841:Insurance 8832:Broadband 8827:Telephone 8739:Cohousing 8500:Zvi Galor 7951:1481-9384 7867:257010940 7859:1556-5068 7378:1134-6582 7259:244881436 7251:0213-8093 7174:154552606 7166:1946-3138 7008:252503792 7000:0003-6846 6917:0147-5967 6859:Pam a Pam 6650:2 October 6531:201699198 6271:cite book 5830:www.op.fi 5493:14 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