87:
31:
95:
1020:
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cocci are a large group of bacteria with similar morphology. All are spherical or nearly so, but they vary considerably in size. Members of some genera are identifiable by the way cells are attached to one another: in pockets, in chains, or grape-like clusters. These arrangements reflect patterns of
134:
or nearly spherical. Coccus refers to the shape of the bacteria, and can contain multiple genera, such as staphylococci or streptococci. Cocci can grow in pairs, chains, or clusters, depending on their orientation and attachment during cell division. In contrast to many bacilli-shaped bacteria, most
592:. This genus is divided into 58 species and two subspecies. These gram-positive, coccoid bacteria were once thought to be harmless to the human body. However, within the last ten years, there has been an influx of nosocomial pathogens originating from
650:. When the word is formatted with lowercase and not italicized, 'bacillus', it will most likely be referring to shape and not to the genus. Bacilliform bacteria are also often simply called rods when the bacteriologic context is clear.
325:
spp. also inhabit human skin, but they are facultative anaerobes. They ferment sugars, producing lactic acid as an end product. Many of these species produce carotenoid pigments, which color their colonies yellow or orange.
1000:
are known to evolve specific traits to survive in their ideal environment. Bacteria-caused illnesses hinge on the bacteria’s physiology and their ability to interact with their environment, including the ability to
993:
are another major bacterial cell morphology. Spiral bacteria can be sub-classified as spirilla, spirochetes, or vibrios based on the number of twists per cell, cell thickness, cell flexibility, and motility.
60:
Generally, the basic morphologies are spheres (coccus) and round-ended cylinders or rod shaped (bacillus). But, there are also other morphologies such as helically twisted cylinders (example
577:
has around 129 species and 23 subspecies that benefit many microbiomes on the human body. There are many species that show non-pathogenic characteristics; however, there are some, like
1889:
205:
Coccoid bacteria often occur in characteristic arrangements and these forms have specific names as well; listed here are the basic forms as well as representative bacterial
646:, capitalized but not italicized, can also refer to a less specific taxonomic group of bacteria that includes two orders, one of which contains the genus
1818:
332:
is a major human pathogen. It can infect almost any tissue in the body, frequently the skin. It often causes nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections.
429:
1863:
538:
391:, is divided into more than ten different species, but most of them are gram negative and coccoid. The gram-negative, coccoid species include:
1844:
982:, another medically important Gram-negative coccobacillus, is observed in sexually transmitted disease, chancroid, of Third World countries.
1011:
to morph into a corkscrew shape that likely helps it twist into — and then escape — the protective mucus that lines the inside of the gut.
1953:
1893:
894:(spherical bacteria) and bacilli (rod-shaped bacteria). Coccobacilli, then, are very short rods which may be mistaken for cocci. The word
291:
cells, for example, are arranged in cubical pockets because cell division alternates regularly among the three perpendicular planes.
66:), cylinders curved in one plane (selenomonads) and unusual morphologies (the square, flat box-shaped cells of the Archaean genus
2230:
693:
Bacilli usually divide in the same plane and are solitary, but can combine to form diplobacilli, streptobacilli, and palisades.
653:
Bacilli usually divide in the same plane and are solitary, but can combine to form diplobacilli, streptobacilli, and palisades.
3474:
2085:
1982:
1928:
1545:
1263:
928:
2962:
1420:
3173:
2729:
2469:
2317:
Humphrey, Peter A.; Dehner, Louis P.; Pfeifer, John D., eds. (2008). "Chapter 53: Histology and histochemical stains".
2240:
1218:
1246:
Cole JR (January 1990). "Diagnostic
Procedure in Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology". In Carter GR, Cole JR (eds.).
297:
spp. resemble a string of beads because division always occurs in the same plane. Some of these strings, for example,
3069:
2326:
2159:
2008:"Developmental cycle of Coxiella burnetii: structure and morphogenesis of vegetative and sporogenic differentiations"
1664:
1492:
1463:
1397:
1364:
1339:
1714:
2344:"Helical and rod-shaped bacteria swim in helical trajectories with little additional propulsion from helical shape"
871:
2646:
2074:
Schaechter, Moselio; DiRita, Victor J.; Dermody, Terence (2007). Schaechter, Moselio; Engleberg, N. Cary (eds.).
1118:(plural spirochetes) is a very thin, elongate, flexible, spiral bacteria that is motile via internal periplasmic
1126:. Owing to their morphological properties, spirochetes are difficult to Gram-stain but may be visualized using
3287:
2843:
2574:
3550:
3244:
1822:
1388:
Levinson, Warren; Joyce, Elizabeth A.; Nussbaum, Jesse; Schwartz, Brian S.; Chin-Hong, Peter (10 May 2018).
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526:
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1907:
Harry E, Monahan L, Thompson L (2006). "Bacterial cell division: the mechanism and its precision".
1131:
544:
369:
298:
1848:
1498:
550:
405:
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174:
2056:
1036:(plural spirilla) is a rigid spiral bacterium that is gram-negative and frequently has external
3491:
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2462:
910:
765:
710:
417:
226:
1535:
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1954:"Gram-Negative Cocci and Coccobacilli of Medical Significance; List of Bacteria and Diseases"
1127:
922:
916:
399:
363:
328:
240:
17:
1209:. A helical shape is seen to be better suited for movement of bacteria in a viscous medium.
3439:
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35:
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8:
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532:
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411:
269:
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3347:
2057:"Q-fever (Coxiella burnetti) Zoonoses: An historical and persistent rickettsial disease"
1390:
Review of medical microbiology & immunology: a guide to clinical infectious diseases
3469:
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1255:
1174:
1102:
1068:
508:
472:
466:
435:
2442:
2032:
2007:
1920:
632:. Bacilli are found in many different taxonomic groups of bacteria. However, the name
3545:
3515:
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1988:
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423:
86:
50:
3267:
3251:
3234:
2967:
2866:
2751:
2627:
2557:
2510:
2080:(4 ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 666.
2075:
1657:
Epidemiology and pathogenesis of
Moraxella catarrhalis colonization and infection
1442:
1007:
950:
738:
490:
484:
1591:
3519:
3337:
3309:
3294:
3272:
2622:
2586:
1223:
1179:
945:
672:
514:
170:
30:
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1972:
1968:
1407:
3539:
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3317:
3222:
3217:
3138:
3096:
2976:
2861:
2817:
2789:
2780:
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1796:
1674:
1428:
1374:
1144:
1085:
1057:
1041:
1037:
1002:
934:
668:
352:
293:
283:
234:
166:
147:
123:
94:
73:. Other arrangements include pairs, tetrads, clusters, chains and palisades.
68:
3464:
3375:
3370:
3106:
3006:
2991:
2871:
2612:
2530:
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2426:
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1992:
1938:
1804:
1787:
1770:
1688:
1313:
1195:
1162:
1074:
1019:
786:
667:
There is no connection between the shape of a bacterium and its color upon
375:
220:
2408:
2192:
2118:
2041:
1743:
3481:
3332:
3327:
3229:
3047:
2894:
2447:
1722:
1123:
1115:
973:
807:
793:
779:
772:
731:
717:
254:
62:
1028:
is a common pathogen of bacterial food-related gastrointestinal illness.
248:
49:
and often key to their identification. Their direct examination under a
3001:
2986:
2904:
2637:
1605:
1139:
861:
821:
800:
682:
625:
317:
The various gram-positive cocci differ physiologically and by habitat.
213:
186:
663:
Coccobacillus: Oval and similar to coccus (circular shaped bacterium).
3459:
3449:
3434:
3126:
2996:
2827:
2785:
2697:
2591:
1168:
1096:
1050:
1033:
452:
357:
194:
190:
182:
143:
340:
314:
have no regular plane of division. They form grape-like structures.
2505:
2482:
1845:"Chapter 4: Functional Anatomy Of Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cells"
1183:
1151:
1119:
1107:
997:
968:
932:
is a Gram-negative coccobacillus prevalent in subgingival plaques.
849:
835:
828:
745:
724:
634:
629:
558:, a salient pathogen contributing to infections in the human body.
267:
describes a pack-like cuboidal arrangement of eight cocci such as
139:
127:
46:
252:
are clusters of four cocci arranged within the same plane such as
3078:
2935:
2899:
2535:
2048:
1334:(10th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett. p. 106.
643:
639:
54:
2342:
Constantino MA, Jabbarzadeh M, Fu HC, Bansil R (November 2016).
2321:. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 680.
697:
Diplobacilli: Two bacilli arranged side by side with each other.
657:
Diplobacilli: Two bacilli arranged side by side with each other.
2981:
2736:
1977:(4 ed.). University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.
1250:(Fifth ed.). San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 211–220.
842:
675:
can be used to distinguish among gram-negative bacilli such as
131:
2341:
1005:. Researchers discovered a protein that allows the bacterium
2909:
2235:(6th International ed.). McGraw-Hill. pp. 108–109.
1421:
1387:
1200:
891:
581:, that exhibit pathogenic characteristics in the human body.
206:
157:
151:
671:; there are both gram-positive rods and gram-negative rods.
165:
Important human diseases caused by coccoid bacteria include
1866:. The Community College of Baltimore County. Archived from
1748:
1693:
1634:
890:, is a type of bacterium with a shape intermediate between
45:
are the shapes that are characteristic of various types of
1654:
1771:"The ecology, epidemiology and virulence of Enterococcus"
1533:
944:
is a Gram-negative coccobacillus responsible for causing
1882:
135:
cocci bacteria do not have flagella and are non-motile.
2073:
1479:
Salton MR, Kim KS (1996). Baron S, et al. (eds.).
2061:
Purdue
University Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory
1715:"Streptococcus pneumoniae (Klein, 1884) Chester, 1901"
439:. The most common of these species are the pathogenic
2316:
1819:"The Size, Shape, And Arrangement Of Bacterial Cells"
554:. However, only one has a morphology of diplococcus,
27:
Shapes characteristic of certain bacteria and archaea
1906:
1540:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 395–.
1122:
inside the outer membrane. They comprise the phylum
379:
spp. Presumably, diplococcus has been implicated in
2152:
642:, refers to a specific genus of bacteria. The name
321:spp. are obligate aerobes that inhabit human skin.
238:are irregular (grape-like) clusters of cocci (e.g.
2268:"Microbial Adaptation to Enhance Stress Tolerance"
2154:. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 16–17.
1516:
1515:Ingraham, Catherine A.; Ingraham, John L. (2000).
1392:(15th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
53:enables the classification of these bacteria (and
2266:Tan YS, Zhang RK, Liu ZH, Li BZ, Yuan YJ (2022).
1359:(7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
966:is also a coccobacillus. Bacteria from the genus
938:strains may grow on solid media as coccobacilli.
464:, comprises gram-negative coccobacilli bacteria:
387:belongs to the family Neisseriaceae. This genus,
3537:
1514:
1285:
972:are medically important coccobacilli that cause
2224:
2222:
2220:
2005:
1768:
1487:(4th ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch.
3063:
2463:
2265:
1864:"Sizes, Shapes, and Arrangements of Bacteria"
1325:
1323:
287:cell division and that cells stick together.
2149:
2077:Schaechter's Mechanisms of Microbial Disease
1900:
1821:. Midlands Technical College. Archived from
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1203:shaped, the most common example of which is
2335:
2319:The Washington Manual of Surgical Pathology
2261:
2259:
2217:
1999:
1527:
1447:
1329:
1241:
1239:
700:Streptobacilli: Bacilli arranged in chains.
660:Streptobacilli: Bacilli arranged in chains.
367:. Examples of gram-positive diplococci are
344:Structure b represents diplococcus bacteria
34:Bacteria display a large diversity of cell
3077:
3070:
3056:
2477:
2470:
2456:
2181:Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
2107:Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
1951:
1510:
1508:
1320:
1286:Zapun A, Vernet T, Pinho MG (March 2008).
2416:
2367:
2293:
2283:
2200:
2126:
2031:
2006:McCaul TF, Williams JC (September 1981).
1786:
1655:Verhaegh, S.J.C. (Suzanne) (2011-06-01).
1565:
1478:
1303:
1272:
759:
704:
306:are only two cells long. They are called
2393:"The selective value of bacterial shape"
2256:
2177:"The Selective Value of Bacterial Shape"
2103:"The selective value of bacterial shape"
1969:"Pasteurella, Yersinia, and Francisella"
1892:. NYU School of Medicine. Archived from
1236:
1095:
1018:
860:
339:
93:
85:
29:
1966:
1769:Fisher, Katie; Phillips, Carol (2009).
1505:
1453:
898:reflects an intermediate shape between
14:
3538:
2228:
2055:Walters, Sherry. Thacker, Leon (ed.).
1952:Tankeshwar, Acharya (April 11, 2016).
1561:
1559:
1557:
1355:Ryan, Kenneth James (4 January 2018).
277:
3051:
2451:
2390:
2384:
2174:
2150:Csuros, Maria; Csuros, Csaba (1999).
2100:
1861:
1566:Gillespie, Claire (August 20, 2018).
1226:– gave first named shapes of bacteria
1161:, a tick-borne bacterium that causes
929:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
628:clear), is a rod-shaped bacterium or
118:(scarlet) and derived from the Greek
3032:
1472:
1354:
1248:17 - Streptococcus and Related Cocci
1245:
2054:
1554:
1067:, a foodborne pathogen that causes
609:
146:noun, which in turn stems from the
24:
2175:Young, Kevin D. (September 2006).
1534:Richard A. Harvey (Ph.D.) (2007).
1256:10.1016/b978-0-12-161775-2.50021-9
1219:Bacterial morphological plasticity
25:
3562:
2436:
1592:"Mystery of the forgotten plague"
1381:
1348:
1106:bacteria, the causative agent of
688:
3514:
3505:
3504:
3147:
3031:
3022:
3021:
1909:International Review of Cytology
1305:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2007.00098.x
856:
351:are pairs of cocci. Examples of
2720:Bacterial cellular morphologies
2310:
2168:
2143:
2094:
2067:
2024:10.1128/jb.147.3.1063-1076.1981
1960:
1945:
1855:
1837:
1811:
1762:
1736:
1707:
1681:
1648:
1622:
1598:
1584:
1288:"The different shapes of cocci"
200:
43:Bacterial cellular morphologies
1454:Ryan KJ, Ray CG, eds. (2004).
1414:
1091:
13:
1:
1921:10.1016/S0074-7696(06)53002-5
1458:(4th ed.). McGraw Hill.
1230:
1178:, subspecies of which causes
1044:flagella. Examples include:
954:, the bacterium that causes
335:
90:Arrangement of cocci bacteria
3487:Standard anatomical position
3412:Glossary of plant morphology
3407:Glossary of dinosaur anatomy
3402:Anatomical terms of location
1519:Introduction to Microbiology
1485:Baron's Medical Microbiology
1456:Sherris Medical Microbiology
1357:Sherris medical microbiology
1332:Fundamentals of Microbiology
1014:
624:(when the context makes the
224:are chains of cocci such as
158:
7:
2391:Young KD (September 2006).
2232:Foundations in Microbiology
2101:Young KD (September 2006).
1212:
599:
185:, as well as some forms of
10:
3567:
2963:Bacteria (classifications)
2685:Primary nutritional groups
1971:. In Baron, Samuel (ed.).
1967:Collins, Frank M. (1996).
1606:"Neisseria Trevisan, 1885"
1568:"Types of Coccus Bacteria"
1422:
1330:Pommerville, J.C. (2013).
1189:
763:
708:
169:infections, some types of
152:
3525:Index of anatomy articles
3500:
3427:
3389:
3356:
3308:
3260:
3210:
3194:
3156:
3145:
3089:
3017:
2948:
2928:
2880:
2769:
2760:
2712:
2605:
2543:
2529:
2489:
2285:10.3389/fmicb.2022.888746
2272:Frontiers in Microbiology
2229:Talaro, Kathleen (2007).
1292:FEMS Microbiology Reviews
985:
958:, is also coccobacillus.
130:) whose overall shape is
81:
3174:morphological plasticity
3164:Bacterial cell structure
2839:Bacterial outer membrane
2443:Bacteria Picture Gallery
563:Streptococcus pneumoniae
370:Streptococcus pneumoniae
175:urinary tract infections
76:
2012:Journal of Bacteriology
1890:"Gram Negative Bacilli"
1438:A Greek–English Lexicon
527:M. nonliquefaciens
381:encephalitis lethargica
3492:Transcendental anatomy
3397:Anatomical terminology
2834:Gram-negative bacteria
2813:Gram-positive bacteria
2397:Microbiol Mol Biol Rev
2360:10.1126/sciadv.1601661
1788:10.1099/mic.0.026385-0
1111:
1029:
911:Haemophilus influenzae
875:
766:Gram-negative bacteria
760:Gram-negative examples
711:Gram-positive bacteria
705:Gram-positive examples
588:belongs to the family
545:M. saccharolytica
456:belongs to the family
345:
227:Streptococcus pyogenes
103:
91:
39:
3169:cellular morphologies
2689:Substrate preference
2409:10.1128/MMBR.00001-06
2193:10.1128/MMBR.00001-06
2119:10.1128/MMBR.00001-06
1851:on 23 September 2012.
1429:Liddell, Henry George
1143:species, which cause
1128:dark field microscopy
1099:
1048:Members of the genus
1022:
923:Chlamydia trachomatis
917:Gardnerella vaginalis
864:
618:bacilliform bacterium
565:belongs to the genus
551:M. pluranimalium
406:N. polysaccharea
364:Moraxella catarrhalis
343:
329:Staphylococcus aureus
241:Staphylococcus aureus
189:, throat infections,
97:
89:
33:
3551:Morphology (biology)
3440:Anatomical variation
3123:Microscopic anatomy
2670:Microbial metabolism
1974:Medical microbiology
1499:(via NCBI Bookshelf)
1158:Borrelia burgdorferi
1134:. Examples include:
1132:Warthin–Starry stain
1110:magnified 400 times.
1064:Campylobacter jejuni
1025:Campylobacter jejuni
941:Bordetella pertussis
441:N. meningitidis
418:N. meningitidis
179:toxic shock syndrome
138:Cocci is an English
3455:Form classification
3323:Neanderthal anatomy
3181:Colonial morphology
3119:Comparative anatomy
3102:Superficial anatomy
2920:Non-motile bacteria
2516:Pathogenic bacteria
1206:Helicobacter pylori
1081:Helicobacter pylori
979:Haemophilus ducreyi
556:M. catarrhalis
445:N. gonorrhoeae
400:N. gonorrhoeae
278:Gram-positive cocci
216:are pairs of cocci.
162:) meaning 'berry'.
144:modern or Neo-Latin
3470:History of anatomy
3157:Bacteria and fungi
2849:Lipopolysaccharide
1175:Treponema pallidum
1112:
1103:Treponema pallidum
1069:campylobacteriosis
1030:
926:are coccobacilli.
876:
638:, capitalized and
579:S. pneumoniae
467:Moraxella lacunata
346:
300:S. pneumoniae
270:Sarcina ventriculi
104:
92:
40:
3533:
3532:
3366:Amphibian anatomy
3358:Other vertebrates
3300:Arthropod cuticle
3278:Insect morphology
3273:Gastropod anatomy
3186:Lichen morphology
3112:brain morphometry
3045:
3044:
2944:
2943:
2890:Bacterial capsule
2856:Periplasmic space
2823:Lipoteichoic acid
2708:
2707:
2680:Microbial ecology
2675:Nitrogen fixation
2087:978-0-7817-5342-5
1984:978-0-9631172-1-2
1930:978-0-12-373597-3
1896:on 14 March 2009.
1870:on 11 August 2019
1547:978-0-7817-8215-9
1265:978-0-12-161775-2
1172:species, such as
1155:species, such as
1078:species, such as
1061:species, such as
963:Coxiella burnetti
867:Coxiella burnetii
753:Propionibacterium
616:), also called a
533:M. osloensis
521:M. lincolnii
412:N. lactamica
394:Neisseria cinerea
114:, from the Latin
38:and arrangements.
16:(Redirected from
3558:
3518:
3508:
3507:
3445:Anatomical plane
3343:Elephant anatomy
3240:Plant morphology
3151:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3049:
3048:
3035:
3034:
3025:
3024:
2973:Former groupings
2767:
2766:
2618:Human microbiome
2541:
2540:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2449:
2448:
2431:
2430:
2420:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2371:
2354:(11): e1601661.
2339:
2333:
2332:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2297:
2287:
2263:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2226:
2215:
2214:
2204:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2130:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2035:
2018:(3): 1063–1076.
2003:
1997:
1996:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1847:. Archived from
1841:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1825:on 9 August 2016
1815:
1809:
1808:
1790:
1781:(6): 1749–1757.
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1721:. Archived from
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1563:
1552:
1551:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1512:
1503:
1502:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1451:
1445:
1425:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1327:
1318:
1317:
1307:
1283:
1270:
1269:
1243:
1100:Thin spirochete
902:(spherical) and
620:or often just a
611:
571:Streptococcaceae
509:M. cuniculi
473:M. atlantae
436:N. subflava
161:
155:
154:
122:(berry)) is any
51:light microscope
21:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3496:
3423:
3417:leaf morphology
3385:
3352:
3348:Giraffe anatomy
3304:
3268:Decapod anatomy
3256:
3252:Soil morphology
3235:Plant life-form
3206:
3190:
3152:
3143:
3085:
3076:
3046:
3041:
3013:
2968:Bacterial phyla
2952:
2940:
2924:
2882:
2876:
2867:Arabinogalactan
2772:
2756:
2704:
2601:
2545:
2533:
2525:
2511:Lysogenic cycle
2492:
2485:
2476:
2439:
2434:
2389:
2385:
2340:
2336:
2329:
2315:
2311:
2264:
2257:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2227:
2218:
2173:
2169:
2162:
2148:
2144:
2099:
2095:
2088:
2072:
2068:
2053:
2049:
2004:
2000:
1985:
1965:
1961:
1950:
1946:
1931:
1905:
1901:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1873:
1871:
1860:
1856:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1828:
1826:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1767:
1763:
1754:
1752:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1728:
1726:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1699:
1697:
1689:"Streptococcus"
1687:
1686:
1682:
1667:
1653:
1649:
1640:
1638:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1614:
1612:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1576:
1574:
1564:
1555:
1548:
1532:
1528:
1513:
1506:
1495:
1477:
1473:
1466:
1452:
1448:
1443:Perseus Project
1419:
1415:
1400:
1386:
1382:
1367:
1353:
1349:
1342:
1328:
1321:
1284:
1273:
1266:
1244:
1237:
1233:
1215:
1192:
1094:
1017:
1008:Vibrio cholerae
991:Spiral bacteria
988:
951:Yersinia pestis
859:
768:
762:
739:Corynebacterium
713:
707:
691:
602:
590:Enterococcaceae
569:and the family
479:M. boevrei
355:diplococci are
338:
280:
203:
150:masculine noun
84:
79:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3564:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3512:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3431:
3429:
3428:Related topics
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3362:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3314:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3295:Spider anatomy
3292:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3275:
3270:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3121:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3104:
3099:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3086:
3075:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3052:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3029:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2984:
2979:
2970:
2965:
2959:
2957:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2886:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2858:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2783:
2777:
2775:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2725:cell structure
2716:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2698:Saccharophilic
2695:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2615:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2587:Microaerophile
2584:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2549:
2547:
2538:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2497:
2495:
2487:
2486:
2475:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2438:
2437:External links
2435:
2433:
2432:
2403:(3): 660–703.
2383:
2334:
2327:
2309:
2255:
2242:978-0071262323
2241:
2216:
2187:(3): 660–703.
2167:
2160:
2142:
2113:(3): 660–703.
2093:
2086:
2066:
2047:
1998:
1983:
1959:
1944:
1929:
1899:
1881:
1854:
1836:
1810:
1761:
1744:"Enterococcus"
1735:
1706:
1680:
1665:
1647:
1621:
1597:
1583:
1553:
1546:
1526:
1504:
1493:
1471:
1464:
1446:
1413:
1398:
1380:
1365:
1347:
1340:
1319:
1298:(2): 345–360.
1271:
1264:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1224:Ferdinand Cohn
1221:
1214:
1211:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1180:treponematoses
1165:
1148:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1071:
1054:
1016:
1013:
987:
984:
946:whooping cough
858:
855:
854:
853:
846:
839:
832:
825:
818:
811:
804:
797:
790:
783:
776:
764:Main article:
761:
758:
757:
756:
749:
742:
735:
728:
721:
709:Main article:
706:
703:
702:
701:
698:
690:
687:
673:MacConkey agar
665:
664:
661:
658:
601:
598:
503:M. caviae
497:M. caprae
460:. This genus,
430:N. oralis
424:N. mucosa
337:
334:
323:Staphylococcus
312:Staphylococcus
279:
276:
275:
274:
260:
245:
231:
217:
202:
199:
171:food poisoning
167:staphylococcal
100:Staphylococcus
83:
80:
78:
75:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3563:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3511:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3382:
3381:Shark anatomy
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3338:Horse anatomy
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3318:Human anatomy
3316:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3261:Invertebrates
3259:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3218:Plant anatomy
3216:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3150:
3140:
3139:Morphometrics
3137:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3097:Gross anatomy
3095:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3073:
3068:
3066:
3061:
3059:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3038:
3030:
3028:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2977:Schizomycetes
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2951:
2947:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2818:Teichoic acid
2816:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2790:Peptidoglycan
2787:
2784:
2782:
2781:Cell membrane
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2473:
2468:
2466:
2461:
2459:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2387:
2379:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2338:
2330:
2328:9780781765275
2324:
2320:
2313:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2262:
2260:
2244:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2171:
2163:
2161:9781566701792
2157:
2153:
2146:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2089:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2070:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2002:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1963:
1955:
1948:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1903:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1765:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1739:
1725:on 2020-04-01
1724:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1684:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1666:9780397515684
1662:
1658:
1651:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1625:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1594:. 2004-07-27.
1593:
1587:
1573:
1569:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1549:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1530:
1521:
1520:
1511:
1509:
1500:
1496:
1494:0-9631172-1-1
1490:
1486:
1482:
1475:
1467:
1465:0-8385-8529-9
1461:
1457:
1450:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1433:Scott, Robert
1430:
1426:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1399:9781259644498
1395:
1391:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1366:9781259859809
1362:
1358:
1351:
1343:
1341:9781449647964
1337:
1333:
1326:
1324:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1267:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1240:
1235:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1145:leptospirosis
1142:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1098:
1087:
1086:peptic ulcers
1084:, a cause of
1083:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1058:Campylobacter
1055:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1042:lophotrichous
1039:
1038:amphitrichous
1035:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1004:
999:
995:
992:
983:
981:
980:
975:
971:
970:
965:
964:
959:
957:
953:
952:
947:
943:
942:
937:
936:
935:Acinetobacter
931:
930:
925:
924:
919:
918:
913:
912:
907:
906:(elongated).
905:
901:
897:
896:coccobacillus
893:
889:
888:bacillococcus
885:
881:
880:coccobacillus
873:
869:
868:
863:
857:Coccobacillus
852:
851:
847:
845:
844:
840:
838:
837:
833:
831:
830:
826:
824:
823:
819:
817:
816:
812:
810:
809:
805:
803:
802:
798:
796:
795:
791:
789:
788:
784:
782:
781:
777:
775:
774:
770:
769:
767:
755:
754:
750:
748:
747:
743:
741:
740:
736:
734:
733:
729:
727:
726:
722:
720:
719:
715:
714:
712:
699:
696:
695:
694:
686:
684:
680:
679:
674:
670:
669:Gram staining
662:
659:
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651:
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645:
641:
637:
636:
631:
627:
623:
619:
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587:
582:
580:
576:
575:Streptococcus
572:
568:
567:Streptococcus
564:
559:
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547:
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541:
540:
535:
534:
529:
528:
523:
522:
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511:
510:
505:
504:
499:
498:
493:
492:
491:M. canis
487:
486:
485:M. bovis
481:
480:
475:
474:
469:
468:
463:
462:Moraxellaceae
459:
458:Moraxellaceae
455:
454:
448:
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432:
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353:gram-negative
350:
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333:
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324:
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313:
309:
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301:
296:
295:
294:Streptococcus
290:
285:
284:gram-positive
272:
271:
266:
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261:
258:
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251:
250:
246:
243:
242:
237:
236:
235:Staphylococci
232:
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149:
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136:
133:
129:
125:
124:microorganism
121:
117:
113:
109:
101:
96:
88:
74:
72:
70:
69:Haloquadratum
65:
64:
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
32:
19:
3475:19th century
3465:Hertwig rule
3376:Fish anatomy
3371:Bird anatomy
3245:reproductive
3168:
3107:Neuroanatomy
3007:Mendosicutes
2992:Gracilicutes
2972:
2872:Mycolic acid
2862:Mycobacteria
2860:
2832:
2811:
2747:Coccobacilli
2719:
2647:in pregnancy
2613:Extremophile
2597:Aerotolerant
2531:Biochemistry
2493:microbiology
2479:Microbiology
2400:
2396:
2386:
2351:
2347:
2337:
2318:
2312:
2275:
2271:
2248:11 September
2246:. Retrieved
2231:
2184:
2180:
2170:
2151:
2145:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2076:
2069:
2060:
2050:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1973:
1962:
1947:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1894:the original
1884:
1872:. Retrieved
1868:the original
1857:
1849:the original
1839:
1827:. Retrieved
1823:the original
1813:
1778:
1775:Microbiology
1774:
1764:
1753:. Retrieved
1747:
1738:
1727:. Retrieved
1723:the original
1719:www.gbif.org
1718:
1709:
1698:. Retrieved
1692:
1683:
1656:
1650:
1639:. Retrieved
1633:
1624:
1613:. Retrieved
1610:www.gbif.org
1609:
1600:
1586:
1575:. Retrieved
1571:
1537:Microbiology
1536:
1529:
1518:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1455:
1449:
1436:
1416:
1389:
1383:
1356:
1350:
1331:
1295:
1291:
1247:
1204:
1199:species are
1196:Helicobacter
1194:
1193:
1182:, including
1173:
1167:
1163:Lyme disease
1156:
1150:
1138:
1124:Spirochaetes
1113:
1101:
1079:
1075:Helicobacter
1073:
1062:
1056:
1049:
1031:
1023:
1006:
996:
990:
989:
977:
967:
961:
960:
949:
939:
933:
927:
921:
915:
909:
908:
903:
899:
895:
887:
884:coccobacilli
883:
879:
877:
865:
848:
841:
834:
827:
820:
813:
806:
799:
792:
787:Enterobacter
785:
778:
771:
751:
744:
737:
730:
723:
716:
692:
689:Arrangements
676:
666:
652:
647:
633:
621:
617:
613:
605:
603:
594:Enterococcus
593:
589:
586:Enterococcus
585:
583:
578:
574:
573:. The genus
570:
566:
562:
561:The species
560:
555:
549:
543:
539:M. ovis
537:
531:
525:
519:
515:M. equi
513:
507:
501:
495:
489:
483:
477:
471:
465:
461:
457:
451:
449:
444:
440:
434:
428:
422:
416:
410:
404:
398:
392:
388:
384:
383:. The genus
376:Enterococcus
374:
368:
362:
356:
348:
347:
327:
322:
318:
316:
311:
307:
303:
299:
292:
288:
281:
268:
262:
253:
247:
239:
233:
225:
221:Streptococci
219:
204:
201:Arrangements
164:
137:
119:
115:
111:
107:
105:
99:
67:
61:
59:
42:
41:
36:morphologies
3482:Physiognomy
3333:Dog anatomy
3328:Cat anatomy
3230:Plant habit
2895:Slime layer
2575:Facultative
2563:Facultative
1862:Kaiser GE.
1630:"Moraxella"
1481:Structure.
1092:Spirochetes
974:brucellosis
808:Pseudomonas
794:Escherichia
780:Citrobacter
773:Bacteroides
732:Clostridium
718:Actinomyces
319:Micrococcus
310:Species of
308:diplococci.
255:Micrococcus
63:Spirochetes
3540:Categories
3390:Glossaries
3202:Structures
3083:morphology
3002:Mollicutes
2997:Firmicutes
2987:Prokaryota
2905:Glycocalyx
2730:plasticity
2693:Lipophilic
2546:preference
2521:Resistance
2278:: 888746.
1755:2019-12-02
1729:2019-12-02
1700:2019-12-02
1641:2019-12-02
1615:2019-12-02
1577:2019-12-01
1408:1032261353
1231:References
1140:Leptospira
1116:spirochete
1003:shapeshift
822:Salmonella
801:Klebsiella
683:salmonella
640:italicized
596:bacteria.
584:The genus
450:The genus
349:Diplococci
336:Diplococci
214:Diplococci
191:pneumonias
187:meningitis
3460:Gracility
3450:Body plan
3435:Allometry
3132:molecular
3127:histology
2955:evolution
2929:Composite
2828:Endospore
2786:Cell wall
2762:Structure
2653:Placental
2592:Nanaerobe
2570:Anaerobic
2501:Infection
1915:: 27–94.
1797:1350-0872
1675:929980928
1572:Sciencing
1375:983825627
1201:helically
1169:Treponema
1051:Spirillum
1034:spirillum
1015:Spirillum
453:Moraxella
389:Neisseria
385:Neisseria
361:spp. and
358:Neisseria
195:sinusitis
183:gonorrhea
132:spherical
126:(usually
3546:Bacteria
3510:Category
3195:Protists
3027:Category
2950:Taxonomy
2883:envelope
2773:envelope
2663:Salivary
2580:Obligate
2558:Obligate
2506:Exotoxin
2483:Bacteria
2427:16959965
2378:28138539
2304:35572687
2211:16959965
2137:16959965
1993:21413268
1939:17098054
1874:8 August
1829:8 August
1805:19383684
1314:18266741
1213:See also
1184:syphilis
1152:Borrelia
1120:flagella
1108:syphilis
998:Bacteria
969:Brucella
904:bacillus
882:(plural
850:Yersinia
836:Shigella
829:Serratia
746:Listeria
725:Bacillus
648:Bacillus
635:Bacillus
630:archaeon
606:bacillus
600:Bacillus
140:loanword
128:bacteria
116:coccinus
110:(plural
102:bacteria
47:bacteria
3310:Mammals
3288:Odonata
3283:Diptera
3079:Anatomy
3037:Commons
2936:Biofilm
2915:Fimbria
2900:S-layer
2881:Outside
2742:Bacilli
2658:Uterine
2643:Vaginal
2553:Aerobic
2536:ecology
2491:Medical
2418:1594593
2369:5262464
2348:Sci Adv
2295:9093737
2202:1594593
2128:1594593
2042:7275931
1441:at the
1190:Helical
815:Proteus
678:E. coli
644:Bacilli
614:bacilli
289:Sarcina
264:Sarcina
249:Tetrads
173:, some
55:archaea
3520:Portal
3211:Plants
3090:Fields
2982:Monera
2752:Spiral
2544:Oxygen
2425:
2415:
2376:
2366:
2325:
2302:
2292:
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2209:
2199:
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2040:
2033:216147
2030:
1991:
1981:
1937:
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1795:
1673:
1663:
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1491:
1462:
1423:κόκκος
1406:
1396:
1373:
1363:
1338:
1312:
1262:
986:Spiral
956:plague
920:, and
900:coccus
886:), or
843:Vibrio
548:, and
207:genera
193:, and
159:cóccos
153:κόκκος
120:kokkos
108:coccus
82:Coccus
3223:fruit
2910:Pilus
2864:only:
2844:Porin
2836:only:
2815:only:
2737:Cocci
2713:Shape
2633:Mouth
2606:Other
892:cocci
626:sense
148:Greek
142:of a
112:cocci
77:Types
18:Cocci
3081:and
2953:and
2771:Cell
2638:Skin
2628:Lung
2534:and
2423:PMID
2374:PMID
2323:ISBN
2300:PMID
2250:2017
2237:ISBN
2207:PMID
2156:ISBN
2133:PMID
2082:ISBN
2038:PMID
1989:PMID
1979:ISBN
1935:PMID
1925:ISBN
1876:2016
1831:2016
1801:PMID
1793:ISSN
1749:LPSN
1694:LPSN
1671:OCLC
1661:ISBN
1635:LPSN
1542:ISBN
1489:ISBN
1460:ISBN
1404:OCLC
1394:ISBN
1371:OCLC
1361:ISBN
1336:ISBN
1310:PMID
1260:ISBN
681:and
443:and
433:and
373:and
282:The
2805:DAP
2800:NAG
2795:NAM
2623:Gut
2413:PMC
2405:doi
2364:PMC
2356:doi
2290:PMC
2280:doi
2197:PMC
2189:doi
2123:PMC
2115:doi
2028:PMC
2020:doi
2016:147
1917:doi
1913:253
1783:doi
1779:155
1483:In:
1300:doi
1252:doi
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610:pl.
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