Cockade of Italy - Knowledge

706: 1063: 1876: 5828: 2041: 2083: 2060: 2095: 2123: 1659: 1480: 2107: 1988: 2007: 2184: 630: 2029: 666: 2157: 2142: 2199: 746:. In fact, the error of gazette headlines on the colours of the French tricolour cockade was clarified, and consequently the connotations of uniqueness were assumed, green, white and red adopted by the Italian patriots as one of the most important symbols of the insurrectional and political struggle, aimed at completing the national unit taking the name of "Italian tricolour". The green, white and red tricolour thus acquired a strong patriotic value, becoming one of the symbols of national awareness, a change that gradually led it to enter the 808: 2172: 565: 826:, who placed themselves at the head of an insurrectional attempt to free Bologna from papal rule. In addition to the two students, there were also two medical doctors, Antonio Succi and Angelo Sassoli, who then betrayed the patriots by referring everything to the papal police, and four other people (Giuseppe Rizzoli, known as Dozza, Camillo Tomesani, Antonio Forni Mago Sabino and Camillo Galli). Luigi Zamboni had previously expressed the desire to create a tricolour flag that would become the flag of a united Italy. 1139: 1868: 501: 358: 993: 7877: 202: 931: 211: 304: 1273:

that this Flag was also distributed to all Corps of the Royal Army, and limited in the future to only one for each Regiment; and that both the officers, and all the troops, had likewise to replace the blue with the cockade for the three Italian national colours; the use of which, according to the declarations of the ministerial dispatch of 13 July following, should undoubtedly be extended to all the R. Employees who wore a uniform. .

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fosse distribuita pure a tutti i Corpi del R. Esercito, e limitata in avvenire ad una sola per ogni Reggimento; e che tanto gli Uffiziali, come le truppe tutte, avessero parimenti a sostituire all'azzurra la Coccarda ai tre colori nazionali italiani; l'uso della quale, secondo le dichiarazioni del Dispaccio ministeriale 13 luglio successivo, dovesse senza dubbio estendersi a tutti i R. Impiegati che vestissero una divisa.

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events probably arrived in Italy before that date, it being understood that we do not yet have documented traces of this possible first realization of the tricolour cockade. It is proven by written evidence that the first revolutionary uprisings, in Italy, took place in August in the Papal State, but the sources relating to these events do not mention tricolour cockades, but only ornaments composed with leaves.

1511:, was associated with a numbered ticket bearing on the front the effigy of Giuseppe Garibaldi, the Italian tricolour and the words "Soccorso a Garibaldi", while on the back the words "Soccorso alla Sicilia". 24,442 cockades were sold, a result below expectations perhaps due to an unfounded rumor spread among the supporting population that part of the profit obtained from the sale of the cockades would go to 5722: 5525: 1549: 1430: 850: 1010:, civilians were obliged to wear a tricolour cockade pinned to their clothes, a coercion that was sanctioned, on 13 May 1797, also in Modena and Reggio Emilia. Even without the need for obligations on the part of the authorities, the cockade spread more and more among the population, who wore it with pride, laying the foundations, together with other factors, for the 982:. The participants are 100, deputies of the populations of Bologna, Ferrara, Modena and Reggio Emilia. Giuseppe Compagnoni also motioned that the standard or Cispadan Flag of three colours, Green, White and Red, should be rendered Universal and that these three colours should also be used in the Cispadan Cockade, which should be worn by everyone. It is decreed. 1080:, and with it the tricolour cockade, went underground, becoming the symbol of the patriotic ferments that began to spread in Italy and the symbol which united all the efforts of the Italian people towards freedom and independence. The social ferments that led to the birth of Italian patriotism originated in the Napoleonic era, during which the ideals of the 612:, which have always been denied by absolutist regimes. The Italian gazettes of the time had in fact created confusion on the events of the French riots, in particular by omitting the replacement of green with blue and red and thus reporting the erroneous news that the French tricolour was green, white and red. 974:, it was decided that the tricolour cockade, also considered one of the official symbols of the newborn Napoleonic state, should have been worn by all citizens. On that occasion, Giuseppe Compagnoni, who is celebrated as the "father of the Italian flag", proposed the adoption of the Italian flag and cockade. 1646:

kept however, for practicality, some rosettes with the red on the outside, simply superimposing the green on the central blue, therefore the reverse of the nationally produced airplanes. The Italian tricolour cockade was used discontinuously until 1927, when it was replaced by a cockade depicting the

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Con Circolare ministeriale del 14 giugno 1848 si faceva noto ai Governatori ed al Viceré di Sardegna avere S.M. ordinato, che la Bandiera Tricolore Nazionale Italiana con sopra la Croce di Savoia fosse sostituita a quella esistente nei Forti ed altri luoghi ove si suole inalberare; che tale Bandiera

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With the ministerial circulaire of 14 June 1848 it was made known to the Governors and the Viceroy of Piedmont-Sardinia to have S.M. ordered that the Italian National Tricolour Flag with the Savoy Cross on it be replaced with the one existing in the Forts and other places where it is usually raised;

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De Rolandis was publicly executed, after being subjected to interrogation preceded and followed by ferocious torture, on 26 April 1796. Zamboni's father died almost 80 years after suffering terrible torture, while his mother was first whipped through the streets of Bologna and then sentenced to life

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on 11 October 1796, which is associated with the first official approval of the Italian national colours by the authorities. In this case Napoleon, and eight years later with the adoption of the flag of Italy, which was born on 7 January 1797, when it first assumed the role of the national flag of a

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Tricolour cockades were given to the inhabitants of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, just before each movement of insurrection, so that they would have a distinctive sign with an unequivocal meaning. They were also pinned on the cap of the official uniform of the body of public order established by

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During the recruitment work, De Rolandis and Zamboni managed to convince 30 people to participate in their attempt at insurrection. The two, to carry out the attempted revolt, purchased some firearms which later proved to be of poor quality. The goal was to spread a leaflet intended to give rise to

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The use of the cockade was viewed with suspicion and aversion by the Genoese state authorities, since it recalled those social impulses that were beginning to spread in Europe; the popular ferments had in fact frequently rebellious and destabilizing connotations. The Italian flag was therefore born

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of the wings with green, white and red sections for the recognition of nationality. Much more often, however, the central section was not painted white, remaining the colour of the canvas. As a further mark, the tricolour cockade, in the roundel version with the external red, the central white and

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During the first weeks of the revolutionary season, it remained a common belief in Italy that the green, white and red flag was the flag waved by the French rioters. The Italian insurgents therefore used these colours as a simple imitation of the protests that were taking place in France and that

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it is reported that eyewitnesses had seen some demonstrators wandering around the city with "the new French white, red and green cockade introduced recently in Paris". The use of the term "new cockade" is indicative of the French makeshift cockades made of leaves to those in two and subsequently

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population to use cockades because they were viewed with suspicion given their meaning closely linked to the protest movements that were flaring up in France, and their use therefore went beyond the French borders and spread gradually across Europe. This also happened due to gazettes, printed in

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The French tricolour cockade was called by the Italian press "people's cockade", "citizens cockade", "liberty cockade", "patriotic cockade", "national cockade", "freedom signal" and "Assembly cockade" National "as a testimony of its universal value, linked to the ideals of the revolution, which

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It is also not excluded that the green, white and red cockade, with the erroneous belief in the use of green instead of blue, an inaccuracy perhaps caused by the previous use of green leaves, was born before 21 August, and in a different city than Genoa. The revolutionary ferments of the French

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Dal verbale della Sessione XIV del Congresso Cispadano: Reggio Emilia, 7 gennaio 1797, ore 11. Sala Patriottica. Gli intervenuti sono 100, deputati delle popolazioni di Bologna, Ferrara, Modena e Reggio Emilia. Giuseppe Compagnoni fa pure mozione che si renda Universale lo Stendardo o Bandiera

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The use of tricolour cockades continued even after the Italian unification conquests ended. In the territories then subject to plebiscites, even after the popular consultation, the use of green, white and red ornaments pinned on clothes and caps was very common. On 17 March 1861, there was the

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The Italian tricolour cockade, by convention, has the green in the centre, the white in an intermediate position and red in the periphery. This custom derives from one of the conceptual characteristics of the cockades, which can be imagined as flags rolled around the flagpole seen from above.

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Charles Albert of Piedmont-Sardinia issued a proclamation with decisive political connotations with which the Sardinian sovereign assured the provisional government of Milan formed following the five days that his troops, ready to come to his aid, would have used the Italian tricolour as a

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The error about the colours of the French cockade took root among the demonstrators because the newspapers did not correct the error immediately although at the time, in Italy, about 80 newspapers were printed, five of which in Milan alone. The news published were, at the beginning, also

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The first cockades were introduced in Europe in the 15th century. The armies of the European states used them to signal the nationality of their soldiers to discern allies from enemies. These first cockades were inspired by the distinctive coloured bands and ribbons that were used in the

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The adoption in Italy of the green, white and red cockade was not immediate and univocal by the Italian patriots. Other appearances, still sporadic, of alternative cockades to the Genoese one after that of 1789 took place the following year, when they appeared in the red and white

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defined the protests in the Papal States as " dance of green cockades" in an article published on 16 August 1789. From September 1789 there was no more news, in the Italian riots, of the cockade formed with the leaves which was replaced by cockades of green fabric.

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as a form of popular protest against the absolutist regimes that ruled the peninsula at the time and not as a patriotic manifestation of Italianness, given that it was still far from the birth of that national awareness that then led to the unification of Italy.

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The Italian tricolour cockade, as well as all similar ornaments made in the same period in other countries, main characteristic was that of being able to be clearly visible, thus giving way to unequivocally identify the political ideas of the person who wore it.

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Although the pre-Napoleonic regimes had been restored, liberal ideas often resulted in the will of the people to free themselves from foreign domination by constituting a unitary and independent state body. As in the Italian case, while the demand for greater

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as thanks for the arrival of Napoleon, who was seen, at least initially, as a liberator. The tricolour cockades then became one of the official symbols of the Milanese National Guard, which was founded on 20 November 1796, and then spread elsewhere along the

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caps and on the headdresses of the soldiers of the cavalry regiments. On the hat of the Carabinieri the azure cockade was present since the founding of the branch, which is dated 1814, while for the cavalry branch its introduction can be ascribed to 1843,

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on 15 May 1796. These cockades, having the typical circular shape, possessed red on the outside, green on an intermediate position and white in the centre. These ornaments were worn by the rioters even during the religious ceremonies officiated inside the

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During this revolt attempt, which took place between 13 and 14 November 1794 (or, according to other sources, 13 December 1794), the demonstrators led by De Rolandis and Zamboni flaunted a red and white cockade (which are also the colours of the municipal

653:, which was white and pink. More precise information, subsequently reported by all the Italian newspapers, correctly informed that there are three colours of the French cockade, however their shades erroneously cited as green, white and red cockades. 560:

leaves, were pinned on the hats. The rioters demanded the lowering of the price of basic necessities with the threat of unleashing riots comparable to the violent Parisian protests in case of refusal of the authorities to satisfy these requests.

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and freedom, both principles dear to them. Although the green, white and red tricolour, when introduced, simply had an imitative value, it was taken as a symbol of the Italian homeland during the popular uprisings of the early 19th century.

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After the Italian unification, the tricolour cockade continued to be used in the military field on the parade headdresses of the aforementioned departments of the Italian armed forces and was also introduced in the aeronautical field.

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Per viemmeglio dimostrare con segni esteriori il sentimento dell'unione italiana, vogliamo che le nostre truppe, entrando nel territorio della Lombardia e della Venezia, portino lo Scudo di Savoia sovrapposto alla bandiera tricolore

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Zamboni was found dead in a cell nicknamed "Inferno" ("Hell"), which he shared with two common criminals, probably killed by them on the orders of the police or perhaps suicide after an unsuccessful escape attempt on 18 August 1795.

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Finally, when the correct information on the chromatic composition of the French cockade arrived in Italy, the Italian Jacobins decided to keep green instead of blue, because it represented nature, and therefore metaphorically also

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The first sporadic demonstrations in favor of the ideals of the French Revolution by the Italian population took place in August 1789 with the organization of protests in various places on the Italian peninsula, especially in the

1936:, with "the cockade to the three Italian national colours in accordance with the established models". This was not an exception; similarly the tricolour cockade replaced the azure one, for example, on the frieze of the 4994: 4048: 1620:

The following period, tricolour cockades appeared that had a green perimeter and a red central disc with a position of the colours that was inverted compared to that conventionally used. Following complaints from the

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Later the green, white and red cockade always spread to a greater extent, gradually becoming the only ornament used in Italy by the rioters. The patriots began to call it "Italian cockade" making it become one of the

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various European countries, that gave ample prominence to the fact that the cockade had become, in France, one of the most important symbols of the insurrectional uprisings and of the people's struggle against the

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The first documented trace of the use of the green, white and red cockade, which however does not specify the arrangement of the colours on the ornament, is dated 21 August 1789. In the historical archives of the

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Also in the military field, the tricolour cockade has been the basis of the parade frieze of the Bersaglieri, cavalry regiments, Carabinieri (when it replaced the Italian blue cockade in this role), and of the

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which is the oldest and most important museum dedicated to the Italian unification due to the richness and representativeness of its collections and the only one that officially has the title of "national"

2040: 2365: 1756:, the tricolour cockade became the distinctive symbol of the successes in national cups starting in the 1950s; the cockade is sewn on the jersey of the team holding the trophy for the following season. 446:. The protesters replied "The green! The green! We want green cockades!" Desmoulins then seized a green leaf from the ground and pointed it to the hat as a distinctive sign of the revolutionaries. 1457:

acclaimed the two sovereigns as liberators waving green, white and red flags and wearing tricolour cockades. The regions ready to ask for annexation to the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia through the

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Compared to the Italian one, the French cockade simply has blue instead of green, while the British cockade is practically identical to the French one, but with the red and blue inverted position.

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The use of the Italian tricolour was not limited to the presence of green, white and red in a cockade, the latter, having been born on 21 August 1789, heralded by seven years the first tricolour

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The French tricolour cockade originated during the Revolution and over time became one of the symbols of change. Later, the meaning of change assigned to the French tricolour cockade crossed the

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of the green, white and red tricolour was immediate, unambiguous and devoid of political contrasts. In France the opposite happened since the French tricolour was taken as a symbol first by the

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since 14 June 1848. The latter was founded in 1862, therefore after the change of the cockade in 1848, the Guardia di Finanza has always had, as the basis of its frieze, the tricolour cockade.

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the conventional typology was restored, the one with red on the outside and green in the centre. In football, the cockade is also a symbol, again in the roundel shape, of the victories in the

1197:(18–22 March 1848), during which they had a wide diffusion among the insurgents, many of whom were religious. The Milanese clergy actively supported the patriotic demands of their faithful. 2059: 1119:

pinned on the hats or clothes of Italian patriots; its reappearance was therefore still sporadic and limited to a specific territory. The tricolour cockade appeared again during the

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The Hungarian cockade has the same arrangement of colours as the Italian tricolour cockade, having the colour position reversed like the Iranian cockade and the Surinamese one is an

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with the green in the centre, the white immediately outside and the red on the edge. The cockade, a revolutionary symbol, was the protagonist of the uprisings that characterized the

1201: 2590: 4299: 2553: 1229:"In order to show more clearly with exterior signs the commitment to Italian unification, We want that Our troops ... have the Savoy shield placed on the Italian tricolour flag. 1353:, provided in article 77 that the blue cockade was the national one alone. This article remained in force until 1 January 1948 when the Albertine Statute was replaced by the 4240: 3296: 3259: 3215: 3181: 3142: 3103: 3066: 3025: 2991: 2895: 2735: 2341: 1181:, the patriotic revolts of the 19th century, with their ideas of independence and freedom, and iconic symbols, among which there were the cockades, were instead inspired by 338:

symbol par excellence during the insurrectional uprisings of the 18th and 19th centuries, was often worn by the patriots who participated in the uprisings that marked the

2113: 937:, known as the "father of the Italian flag". Compagnoni was the first to propose the adoption of a tricolour flag for a sovereign Italian state, the Cispadane Republic. 6088: 1096:

on the part of the population did not stop with the reconstitution of the absolutist states, the uprisings that would have characterized the 19th century resurfaced.

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The azure cockade originates from at least in the 17th century, as evidenced by some documents which confirm its presence on military uniforms in use at the time of

517:. The rioters, in these early uprisings, had makeshift cockades made of green leaves pinned on their clothes in imitation of the similar protests that took place in 1468:(1860), starting to appear on the jackets of the Sicilians who gradually swelled the ranks of the Garibaldians. In particular, they made their debut shortly before 1193:

Tricolour cockades continued to be the protagonists, pinned on the chest or on the hats of patriots, in the popular uprisings that followed such as the case of the

1135:, in which there was a profusion of handkerchiefs and of tricolour cockades. Also in this case, its appearance was limited to some states of the Italian peninsula. 3549:

Cispadana di tre colori, Verde, Bianco e Rosso e che questi tre colori si usino anche nella Coccarda Cispadana, la quale debba portarsi da tutti. Viene decretato.

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Even on the subsequent and definitive French blue, white and red cockade, which was made on July 17, the newspapers made confusion reporting, as in the case of

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on 21 August 1789, and with it the colours of the three Italian national colours. Seven years later, the first tricolour military banner was adopted by the

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reported the news that the green French cockade made up of leaves had been replaced, the next day, by a red and white cockade (instead of blue and red).

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of the unification of Italy also expressed their desire to be part of a united Italy with the waving of flags and the use of cockades on their clothes.

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From a historical perspective, given the judicial process and the clamor that followed, were the tricolour cockades made in 1794 by two students of the

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In the aeronautical field, the tricolour cockade with red outwards and green in the centre returned to use, without being changed, in 1943, during the

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warships. Other national tricolour European flags were also inspired by the French flag because they were also linked to the ideals of the revolution.

2920: 2471: 1002:, which later became the council chamber of the town hall of Reggio Emilia, where the tricolour flag was officially adopted by the Cispadane Republic 5383: 5247: 2094: 1260:

The Milanese then welcomed Charles Albert of Piedmont-Sardinia and his troops with a profusion of flags and tricolour cockades. On 14 June 1848, a

2402: 1349:, which was promulgated on 4 March 1848 by Charles Albert of Piedmont-Sardinia, hence the name, and which later became the fundamental law of the 426:, while hailing the Parisian crowd to revolt, asked the protesters what colour to adopt as a symbol of the French Revolution, proposing the green 6936: 912:. In 2006, during some renovations, it was transferred to the European Student Museum of the University of Bologna, where it is still preserved. 889:

imprisonment. The other defendants, where they had minor penalties, were freed shortly thereafter by the French, who in the meantime had invaded

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underwent a change. The version with the inverted colours began to be used, that is with the green outside and the red in the centre. From the

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The Italian azure cockade was one of the representative ornaments of Italy, obtained by circularly pleating an azure ribbon. Coming from the

1111:, was to "make people forget that they are Italian". The tricolour cockade appeared, for the first time after the Napoleonic era, during the 7599: 6951: 5303: 4356: 2156: 862: 4968: 4022: 1316:

caps and on the headgear of the cavalry regiments. On the hat of the Carabinieri the blue cockade was present since the foundation of the

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from the Ministry of War decreed the replacement of the azure cockade, which until then had been placed on the hat of the uniform of the

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The use of cockades during the protests that took place in Italy was not an isolated case. It is documented that on 12 November 1789 the

4595: 838:. These cockades were made by Zamboni's parents. These cockades had green in the centre, white immediately outside and red on the edge. 7563: 6493: 4177: 3423:"Cronologia della nascita della Bandiera Nazionale Italiana sulla base dei fatti accaduti in seguito alla sommossa bolognese del 1794" 7697: 5879: 2171: 395:

and arrived in Italy together with the use of the cockade and all the values of the French Revolution, which were perpetrated by the

2028: 1710:. In 1991, the low visibility tricolour cockade was introduced, which is characterized by a narrower white band than the other two. 1472:'s conquest of Palermo, and then followed the hero of the two worlds in his victorious campaign in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. 734:, in the Republic of Genoa, red and white again. The first appearance of the Italian tricolour cockade abroad took place in 1791 in 7604: 5535: 2183: 881:

of Bologna). The trial involved all the participants in the insurrectional attempt, the family of Zamboni and the Succi brothers.

7169: 6297: 5966: 5827: 5550: 4462: 2006: 1953: 1450: 1438: 1154:, the members of the royal family wore tricolour cockades. The uprisings of 1820–21 had in fact the greatest consequences in the 580:. Initially the Italian rioters mistakenly believed that the flag waved between the Parisian barricades was green, white and red. 5268: 3765: 2141: 705: 233:

this colour is the one closest to the flagpole. The tricolour cockades with red and green in the opposite position are those of

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View of the Giardino della Montagnola in Bologna, where Zamboni and De Rolandis were buried. Their bodies were later dispersed.

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the internal green, was established on 21 December 1917, being placed on the sides of the fuselage and above the upper wing.

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just before 30 August, all of which took place in the Papal States. In Rome, in particular, cockades, which were formed from

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noted that "the nation had adopted...the tricolour cockade green, white, and red" and adopted it for its own use as well.

959:. The tricolour cockade was particularly linked to the Jacobin movement, which made it one of its most important symbols. 6973: 6836: 6302: 6261: 5782: 5599: 4707: 4424: 1696: 1159: 1066: 4124:"I diritti fondamentali nell'esperienza costituzionale italiana: dallo Statuto Albertino alla Costituzione repubblicana" 118:

had its origins on 7 January 1797, when it became for the first time a national flag of an Italian sovereign State, the

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and then handed them over to the papal authorities. After the capture of the fugitives, the latter launched an action "

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from the Ministry of War of the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, decreed the replacement of the Savoy blue cockade, in

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In this context, in 1820, on the occasion of the solemn celebrations linked to the granting of the constitution by

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Poli, Marco (2000). "Brigida Borghi Zamboni, la madre dell'eroe. Per una rilettura del caso Zamboni-De Rolandis".

7420: 7332: 7179: 7174: 7005: 6873: 5836: 5797: 4752: 4402: 1921:, was kept alongside the tricolour cockade born in 1789, and which was instead very common among the population. 1379: 1320:, which is dated 1814, for the cavalry its introduction is ascribable to 1843 while for the Bersaglieri to 1836. 1151: 1100: 469:. The French tricolour cockade was then completed on 17 July 1789 with the addition of white, the colour of the 7368: 6956: 6433: 6235: 6144: 6043: 5991: 5691: 2756: 717:. After their appearance in Genoa on 21 August 1789, red, white and green gradually became part of the Italian 477:, who was still ruling despite the violent revolts that raged in the country: the French monarchy was in fact 7619: 7450: 7337: 6868: 6863: 5889: 3426: 1899: 96: 4331: 3968: 2254: 893:

driving out the pontiffs. The bodies of De Rolandis and Zamboni were then solemnly buried in Bologna in the

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in the early 19th century. Here, the Italian tricolour cockade appeared for the first time, and with it the

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came into force, after which it was replaced, in all official offices, from the Italian tricolour cockade.

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From left to right, the national cockades of Iran, Bulgaria and Mexico, all green, white and red tricolours

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Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia (1848–1861), Kingdom of Italy (1861–1948) and Italian Republic (1948–present)

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sovereigns (so much so that he granted relative freedom of the press), he forbade its use in his duchy.

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The historic cockade, which is owned by the De Rolandis family, has been exhibited for some time in the

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Bronzini, Giovanni Battista; Dal Mestre, Luigi (1986). "La restaurazione austriaca a Milano nel 1814".

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Raccolta di Carte pubbliche, istruzioni, legislazioni ec. ec. ec. del nuovo Veneto Governo Democratico

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on 2 June 2006. They represent the best known scenographic use of the three Italian national colours.

1403: 1108: 1077: 921: 743: 700: 490: 347: 64: 60: 4155: 978:

From the minutes of the XIV Session of the Cispadan Congress: Reggio Emilia, 7 January 1797, 11 am.

7822: 7812: 7792: 7762: 7717: 7415: 7257: 7189: 7159: 7139: 7020: 6696: 6661: 6458: 5864: 5565: 5194:(in Italian). Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Dipartimento per l'informazione e l'editoria. 1800: 1776: 1768: 1760: 1479: 710: 638: 419: 2639: 1378:, from the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia pinned on the hats or clothes of Italian patriots, to the 7926: 7921: 7702: 7465: 7322: 7292: 7267: 7184: 7144: 7083: 6982: 6747: 6717: 6209: 6199: 5931: 5666: 5503:

Zanichelli, Domenico (1902). "Una raccolta ottocentesca a stampa di canti patriottici popolari".

2591:"Renata Polverini: coccarde tricolori alla sua giunta ma i colori sono invertiti – Il Messaggero" 2162: 1784: 1504: 1402:. The tricolour cockade was among the symbols most frowned upon by the authorities, for example, 1364: 831: 5936: 229:

In the case of the Italian tricolour cockade, the green is located in the centre because in the

7400: 7388: 7164: 7149: 6841: 6483: 6240: 5807: 5661: 5616: 4972: 4946: 4729: 4026: 4000: 2503: 1891:

from 1861 to 1946, the azure cockade remained officially in use until 1 January 1948, when the

1740: 1699:, there was the immediate disappearance of all the symbols linked to it, including the fasces. 1495: 1454: 1391: 1296: 1252: 858: 727: 175: 5091: 1971:

came into force, being replaced, in all official locations, by the Italian tricolour cockade.

7707: 7634: 7614: 7528: 7477: 7235: 7215: 7025: 6619: 6587: 6473: 6453: 6367: 6281: 6053: 5884: 5739: 5650: 5630: 5444: 5423: 5324: 1949: 1622: 1354: 819: 747: 718: 629: 478: 454: 403:

of 1789. Subsequently also political, with the first patriotic ferments directed at national

328: 1960:(1866), in all cases pinned on the uniforms of the generals and that of the officers of the 1507:, to finance the Expedition of the Thousand. Each tricolour cockade, which was sold for one 87:. On 14 June 1848, it replaced the azure cockade on the uniforms of some departments of the 7558: 7373: 7262: 7240: 6894: 6792: 6676: 6544: 6033: 5762: 5072:

L'Archivio riservato del Ministero di grazia e giustizia dello Stato Pontificio (1849–1868)

2204: 2189: 1913:, which was promulgated on 4 March 1848, and which later became the fundamental law of the 1788: 1780: 1658: 1561: 1357:, which sanctioned the use of the tricolour cockade in all official seats of the Republic. 1331:

the cockade with the three Italian national colours conforming to the established models. .

1265: 1174: 1022: 149:, and a reproduction of it in fabric is sewn on the shirts of the sports teams holding the 88: 2811: 2617: 1566: 331:, which had the same purpose, namely to distinguish the opponent from the fellow soldier. 8: 7842: 7832: 7787: 7553: 7518: 7513: 7230: 6851: 6787: 6707: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6114: 5921: 5874: 5859: 5844: 5584: 4928: 4101: 1553: 1371: 1163: 1120: 1011: 934: 868:

Super complocta et seditiosa compositione destributa per civitatem in conventicula armata

665: 474: 466: 412: 364:, who invented the cockade of France, which in turn inspired the birth of the Italian one 339: 72: 5483: 2789: 871:" (a prosecution for fomenting armed treasonous conspiracy throughout the state) at the 399:

of the origins, including the ideals of social renewal the basis of the advocacy of the

7817: 7802: 7782: 7639: 7580: 7533: 7455: 7312: 7282: 7272: 7247: 7220: 7127: 7120: 7056: 6812: 6807: 6524: 6179: 6169: 6098: 6063: 5906: 5706: 5635: 3667: 1961: 1731: 1715: 1626: 1469: 1300:

of 2 June 2006. On their hat, under the coat of arms, is the Italian tricolour cockade.

1256:

on 2 June 2006. On their hat, under the coat of arms, is the Italian tricolour cockade.

1194: 1085: 1026: 998: 971: 967: 767: 525: 423: 404: 396: 361: 166: 146: 119: 92: 6124: 5731: 4466: 7901: 7767: 7757: 7629: 7543: 7508: 7435: 7425: 7203: 7073: 6987: 6817: 6797: 6771: 6759: 6554: 6549: 6534: 6529: 6514: 6343: 6333: 6154: 6134: 5986: 5489: 5468:

I simboli della Repubblica: la bandiera tricolore, il canto degli italiani, l'emblema

5452: 5429: 5408: 5389: 5368: 5349: 5330: 5309: 5232: 5211: 5163: 5144: 5125: 5106: 5076: 5023: 4511:

Circulaire 37568 of the Aeronautical Services Office (U.S.A.) of the Supreme Command.

3769: 2926: 2073: 2069: 1906: 1707: 1575: 1414: 1342: 1081: 1073: 956: 807: 694: 658: 577: 534: 462: 450: 408: 381: 369: 312: 308: 298: 126: 80: 1665:

in 2016, wearing the tricolour cockade (top left badge) representing the victory of

7837: 7659: 7609: 7590: 7585: 7538: 7445: 7383: 7363: 7351: 7307: 7110: 7090: 7078: 6941: 6822: 6539: 6402: 6394: 6164: 6078: 6073: 6058: 6038: 5926: 5911: 5656: 4801: 4620: 1997: 1914: 1688: 1662: 1528: 1512: 1485: 1350: 843: 604:

were aimed at – in both nations – to the same objectives, namely to achieve better

564: 470: 320: 76: 32: 6909: 4914: 4203:"12 gennaio 1848, in piazza contro il Re: quella volta che Palermo stupì l'Europa" 4130: 4079: 2293: 7747: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7624: 7548: 7410: 6929: 6827: 6712: 6612: 6519: 6204: 6174: 6093: 5981: 5676: 5611: 3595: 1735: 1625:, aimed at avoiding confusion between cockades used on the planes of the British 1605: 1583: 1490: 1317: 1291: 1247: 1034: 951: 890: 857:

After failing to raise the city, the revolutionaries tried to take refuge in the

835: 790: 687: 605: 458: 357: 170: 4892: 1138: 7880: 7827: 7797: 7742: 7649: 7523: 7470: 7430: 7100: 7095: 6946: 6846: 6802: 6754: 6702: 6656: 6624: 6582: 6559: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6139: 6129: 5971: 5812: 5786: 5671: 5305:

Colorare la patria: tricolore e formazione della coscienza nazionale, 1797-1914

4779: 1918: 1888: 1753: 1587: 1413:

In the official context, the cockade became one of the official symbols of the

1132: 970:, which is dated 7 January 1797 and which was decreed by an assembly held in a 762: 731: 557: 505: 377: 158: 107: 3731: 3236:

transcended the nation in which it was born. See books by Ferorelli on p. 665.

508:

leaves. Many of them were used as a cockade during the Rome uprisings of 1789.

7895: 7752: 7393: 6963: 6651: 6629: 6488: 6083: 6068: 6048: 6017: 5869: 5711: 5645: 5621: 4870: 2228: 2218: 1945: 1123:, pinned on the clothing of Italian patriots, which took place mainly in the 1104: 963: 925: 778: 540:

As for the Italian uprisings, noteworthy were the revolts that took place in

373: 249:, starting from the centre, are arranged white, green and red, while that of 230: 115: 4069:

la coccarda ai tre colori nazionali italiani conforme ai modelli stabiliti.

2438:"San Felice, escursionista di Gaeta ferito mentre scende dal Picco di Circe" 500: 7870: 7677: 7482: 7252: 6856: 6722: 6671: 6646: 6225: 6119: 5896: 5802: 5681: 2147: 1867: 1772: 1670: 1387: 1336:

Ministerial Circulaire of June 14, 1848 of the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia

1124: 795: 649:, that it was only red and blue or, according to other newspapers, such as 514: 418:

The French tricolour cockade was born on 12 July 1789, two days before the

281: 257: 150: 68: 5270:

Annali d'Italia dal 1750 compilati da A. Coppi: Dal 1820 al 1829, Volume 7

7772: 7712: 7682: 7035: 6666: 6149: 5696: 5344:

Maiorino, Tarquinio; Marchetti Tricamo, Giuseppe; Zagami, Andrea (2002).

4178:"Udine e i moti del 1848, quel sogno di libertà infranto dagli austriaci" 1937: 1933: 1879:

1818 depiction of a Carabiniere with the Italian azure cockade on his hat

1666: 1458: 1407: 1341:

In the institutional context, the blue cockade had a different fate. The

1313: 1305: 1287: 1278:

Ministerial Circular of June 14, 1848 of the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia

1209: 1182: 878: 782: 683: 385: 142: 138: 1304:

The blue cockade was until then placed on the hat of the uniform of the

992: 7030: 6639: 6348: 5701: 3671: 2554:"2 giugno, gli applausi per Mattarella e Conte all'Altare della Patria" 1929: 1884: 1764: 1702:

The tricolour cockade, which was then widely used on all Italian state

1417:, a state which became independent from the Bourbon kingdom during the 1324: 1261: 1178: 1099:

The use of the tricolour cockade was forbidden by the Austrians in the

1041:

and which had Milan as its capital. The event, which took place at the

786: 774: 529: 335: 273: 250: 83:

achieved its own national unity, culminating on 17 March 1861 with the

4756: 2863: 1967:

The blue cockade was officially in use until 1 January 1948, when the

1107:. The purpose of this provision, quoting the textual words of Emperor 930: 5849: 5474: 5346:

Il tricolore degli italiani. Storia avventurosa della nostra bandiera

5294: 5259: 5198: 3746: 3662:

Milano: Anonima per l'Arte della Stampa, 1931; see Gay, H. Nelson in

2573: 2571: 1609: 1592: 1042: 443: 3808: 3600:. Vol. I. Venice: Silvestro Gatti. 1797. pp. xxvii–xxviii. 1944:

The azure cockade was instead used during the Sardinian campaign in

941:

The tricolour cockade appeared, after the events of Bologna, during

901:, before being dispersed in 1799 with the arrival of the Austrians. 822:, Luigi Zamboni from Bologna and Giovanni Battista De Rolandis from 201: 7687: 7672: 7667: 7568: 6602: 6597: 5640: 3005: 1703: 1675: 1613: 1564:, in a photo from 1998. The cockades represent, from the left, the 1476:

Giuseppe Garibaldi in the lands that were progressively conquered.

1360: 1327:

dated 14 June 1848 stated that the blue cockade would be replaced:

1222: 1030: 1021:

On 29 June 1797, with the merger of the Cispadane Republic and the

942: 898: 758: 751: 714: 573: 553: 545: 324: 303: 246: 242: 238: 130: 2568: 1200: 987:

Decree of adoption of the tricolour flag by the Cispadane Republic

695:

The tricolour cockade becomes one of the national symbols of Italy

210: 6634: 6359: 5160:

Il re che tentò di fare l'Italia. Vita di Carlo Alberto di Savoia

3832: 3712: 3700: 3676: 2276: 2274: 2272: 1824: 1680: 1652: 1597: 1038: 1007: 812: 620: 588: 439: 346:

in the 19th century; for this reason it is considered one of the

277: 269: 261: 40: 5721: 3849: 3847: 1759:

The Italian tricolour cockade made its debut in football in the

1283: 1239: 662:

three colours, despite ignoring the real chromatic composition.

342:

that was characterized by those social ferments that led to the

169:, to have a tricolour cockade pinned to their jacket during the 19: 7327: 5524: 5302:

Gavelli, Mirtide; Sangiorgi, Otello; Tarozzi, Fiorenza (1996).

3273: 3239: 3195: 3156: 3117: 3080: 3039: 2968: 2696: 1974: 1787:

and — with green on the outside and red on the inside — in the

1648: 1643: 1503:

Tricolour cockades were made by some Milanese patriots, led by

1309: 1205: 1049:, was characterized by a riot of flags and tricolour cockades. 735: 518: 265: 192: 134: 5228:

Dell'insurrezione di Milano nel 1848 e della successiva guerra

4349: 2684: 2308: 2269: 1706:, not only military, is still today one of the symbols of the 1548: 1523:, the formal act that sanctioned, with a normative act of the 253:, starting from the centre, is arranged white, red and green. 6607: 6390: 3844: 2012: 1902:. Other sources testify to its use even in the 18th century. 1812: 1579: 1571: 1557: 1103:

together with the use of the green, white and red flag under

1046: 946: 909: 634: 617: 585: 569: 453:, was immediately abandoned in favor of blue and red, or the 111: 103: 102:

The Italian tricolour cockade appeared for the first time in

44: 1429: 849: 484: 133:, not only military. The cockade is the basis of the parade 114:

on 11 October 1796, and eight years later, the birth of the

7115: 6592: 5326:

1001 curiosità sulla storia che non ti hanno mai raccontato

4564: 4562: 4277: 3564: 2834:"Otto mesi prima di Reggio il tricolore era già una realtà" 1842: 1508: 1173:

If the riots of the 14th and 15th centuries were driven by

823: 549: 541: 431: 427: 392: 344:

political and administrative unity of the Italian peninsula

234: 125:

The Italian tricolour cockade is one of the symbols of the

47:, obtained by folding a green, white and red ribbon into a 4816: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3325: 2853: 2851: 1177:, with all the effects of chance, including the link with 5249:

Simboli e bandiere nella storia del Risorgimento italiano

4457: 4455: 4453: 3350: 3348: 1839:

and I will tell him that the green, the white and the red

1835:

and I will tell him that the white, the red and the green

1673:

in the previous season. Also present in the image is the

1052: 4893:"Le uniformi da Vittorio Amedeo II a Carlo Emanuele III" 4660:"Quando scudetto e coccarda sono sulla stessa maglia..." 4559: 3278: 3276: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3085: 3083: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3042: 2973: 2971: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2674: 2672: 2529:"Quando scudetto e coccarda sono sulla stessa maglia..." 495: 457:, because it was also the colour of the king's brother, 5761: 5301: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4217: 3969:"La bandiera - Cenni storici e norme per l'esposizione" 3752: 3640: 3628: 3604: 3576: 3518: 3458: 3360: 3322: 2848: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2311: 1424: 962:

Precisely on the occasion of the first adoption of the

311:, which originated and spread among the revolts of the 4495: 4493: 4450: 4446:

Regno di Sardegna, Regno d'Italia, Repubblica Italiana

4374: 3820: 3616: 3552: 3470: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3345: 3310: 2659: 2657: 1489:

while drawing the Italian national colours during the

669:

The Italian tricolour cockade represented as a roundel

598: 3784: 3506: 2669: 1158:, where the uprisings were led for a short period by 1072:

With the fall of Napoleon and the restoration of the

1029:

was born, a pro-French state body that extended over

915: 721:

until they were represented in the most varied areas.

713:

carved into the floor of the Post Office Building in

4635: 4547: 4386: 3530: 2177:

Coppa Italia and Coppa Italia Dilettanti (1985–2006)

1464:

The tricolour cockades were also present during the

1144:

National Museum of the Italian Risorgimento in Turin

802: 334:

The Italian tricolour cockade, which later became a

6874:

Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia

5488:(in Italian). Libreria Editrice Concetto Battiato. 5053: 4969:"Il contributo della Cavalleria all'Unità d'Italia" 4526: 4514: 4490: 4023:"Il contributo della Cavalleria all'Unità d'Italia" 3905: 3883: 3871: 3859: 3796: 3688: 3482: 3441: 3381: 2812:"Le drapeau français – Présidence de la République" 2654: 2577: 2548: 2546: 2100:

Regia Aeronautica (on the fuselage only: 1927–1943)

2088:

Corpo Aeronautico and Regia Aeronautica (1918–1927)

846:, proclaiming that there was no effect whatsoever. 401:

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

5422:Troiani, Don; Kochan, James; Coates, Earl (1998). 5176: 4399:"Coccarda patriottica per il soccorso a Garibaldi" 3838: 3718: 3706: 3682: 3494: 2757:"La politica dei colori nell'Italia contemporanea" 1831:And I'll tell him the green, the red and the white 1539: 368:The Italian tricolour cockade was inspired by the 3930:"Regolamenti su uniformi, equipaggiamento e armi" 1449:the territories that were gradually conquered by 7893: 5385:Il cammino dell'idea d'Europa: appunti e letture 4995:"13 luglio 1814: nasce il corpo dei Carabinieri" 4049:"13 luglio 1814: nasce il corpo dei Carabinieri" 2543: 2255:"La Coccarda alla Biblioteca Museo Risorgimento" 2128:Regia Aeronautica (only on the wings: 1935–1943) 1794: 576:on 14 July 1789, decreeing the beginning of the 5451:(in Italian). Bruno Mondadori. pp. 42–55. 5185:(July–September). Casa Editrice Leo S. Olschki. 4197: 4195: 2922:Giovani del terzo millennio, di Giacomo Bolzano 2397: 2395: 2393: 2286: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2243: 1979: 1857:, by Francesco Dall'Ongaro and Luigi Gordigiani 1604:After the entry of the Kingdom of Italy in the 4325:"Garibaldi e i Mille Un'impresa da catalogare" 3991: 3989: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 2632: 2432: 2430: 1744:celebrated every 2 June, a tricolour cockade. 1691:, on the occasion of the establishment of the 1515:, a patriot disliked by some of the Milanese. 1374:of the tricolour cockades, it appeared in all 861:, but the local police first captured them in 6375: 5747: 5551: 5206:Caliaro, Luigino (2005). "Frecce Tricolori". 4856:vuoi dir che Italia il giogo suo l'ha scosso, 4854:e gli dirò che il verde, il bianco e il rosso 4850:e gli dirò che il bianco, il rosso e il verde 4846:E gli dirò che il verde, il rosso e il bianco 4156:"I moti: la "rivoluzione dall'alto" del 1848" 1771:, the cockade used for the teams holding the 872: 5403:Tarozzi, Fiorenza; Vecchio, Giorgio (1999). 5273:(in Italian). Tipografia di Giuseppe Giusti. 4780:"Serie A: Inter Campione d'Italia 2006-2007" 4192: 4116: 3758: 2390: 2240: 2051: 1975:Historical evolution of the cockade of Italy 99:, it took its place as a national ornament. 95:in 1861), while on 1 January 1948, with the 54: 48: 3986: 3954: 3766:"Museo nazionale del Risorgimento italiano" 2946: 2427: 1833:they fit him well with a sword at his side, 1734:, to have pinned on the jacket, during the 1728:most important offices of the Italian State 906:National Museum of the Italian Risorgimento 866: 738:, France, brought by some Genoese sailors. 6382: 6368: 5754: 5740: 5558: 5544: 5502: 4852:gli è un terno che si gioca e non si perde 4822: 4294: 4292: 2914: 2912: 2612: 2610: 2608: 1847:Finally I will tell him that the tricolour 1188: 129:, and is widely used on all Italian state 5880:Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states 5348:(in Italian). Arnoldo Mondadori Editore. 5322: 5284:Nuova Antologia di Scienze Lettere e Arti 5245: 5138: 4596:"Il contributo dell'Aeronautica Militare" 4283: 3464: 3375: 3339: 3282: 3245: 3201: 3167: 3128: 3089: 3052: 3011: 2977: 2881: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2721: 2690: 2327: 2034:Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia (until 1848) 1651:, one of the most identifying symbols of 1244:Cavalry regiment "Lancieri di Montebello" 485:The birth of the Italian national colours 5343: 5224: 5157: 5141:Bandiera madre - I tre colori della vita 5093:The Little Bombardier, and Pocket Gunner 4844:ch'io stessa alimentai di freschi umori. 4685:"Albo d'oro – Storia della Coppa Italia" 4487:Ministerial Circulaire of June 28, 1915. 3924: 3922: 3920: 3853: 3814: 3646: 3634: 3610: 3582: 3570: 3524: 3285:"La vera origine del tricolore italiano" 3248:"La vera origine del tricolore italiano" 3204:"La vera origine del tricolore italiano" 3170:"La vera origine del tricolore italiano" 3131:"La vera origine del tricolore italiano" 3092:"La vera origine del tricolore italiano" 3055:"La vera origine del tricolore italiano" 3014:"La vera origine del tricolore italiano" 2980:"La vera origine del tricolore italiano" 2884:"La vera origine del tricolore italiano" 2857: 2826: 2724:"La vera origine del tricolore italiano" 2523: 2521: 2494: 2492: 2360: 2358: 2330:"La vera origine del tricolore italiano" 2020: 1874: 1866: 1862: 1837:it is a trio that is played and not lost 1807:was dedicated to the tricolour cockade: 1767:jerseys. In football, starting from the 1721: 1657: 1547: 1478: 1428: 1359: 1282: 1238: 1199: 1137: 1061: 991: 929: 848: 806: 793:, who had the royal white flag with the 704: 664: 628: 563: 499: 356: 302: 18: 6298:Anniversary of the Unification of Italy 5967:Brigandage in Southern Italy after 1861 5442: 5421: 5402: 5381: 5277: 5205: 5119: 5069: 4848:gli stanno ben con una spada al fianco, 4840:il rosso è l'allegria de' nostri cuori. 4380: 4289: 4223: 3826: 3666:Vol. 37 No. 4 (pp. 750–751), July 1932 3536: 3512: 3476: 3354: 3316: 2918: 2909: 2869: 2678: 2605: 2280: 1451:Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont-Sardinia 1439:anniversary of the unification of Italy 1266:all military areas in which it was used 1216:In this context, on 23 March 1848, the 1212:, which is based on a tricolour cockade 773:The subsequent adoption by the Italian 241:. Conversely, the national ornament of 7894: 5290:(fourth series): 239–267 and 676–710. 5189: 3790: 2804: 2771: 2640:"Festa nazionale con diverse coccarde" 2133: 1819:the white is the faith that chains us, 1817:bring me the cockade of three colours: 1552:Cockades applied to the fuselage of a 1053:Its use during the Italian unification 972:hall of the town hall of Reggio Emilia 6363: 5735: 5539: 5481: 5465: 5266: 5100: 5015: 4646: 4553: 4532: 4520: 4499: 3917: 3911: 3889: 3877: 3865: 3802: 3753:Gavelli, Sangiorgi & Tarozzi 1996 3732:"Cenni storici sulla città di Bronte" 3694: 3622: 3558: 3500: 3488: 3452: 2518: 2489: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2355: 1952:(also dated 1860), the repression of 1849:emblem is of faith, of peace and love 1679:, worn by the current holders of the 1406:, although he was not among the most 496:The leaves used as the first cockades 6920:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy 6262:Museum of the Risorgimento (Bologna) 5962:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy 5600:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of Italy 5511:(227). Casa Editrice Leo S. Olschki. 5362: 5089: 5022:(in Italian). Ali Ribelli Edizioni. 4915:"Le origini della bandiera italiana" 4080:"Le origini della bandiera italiana" 3387: 3024:(fasc. III): 660–661. Archived from 2894:(fasc. III): 654–680. Archived from 2663: 2583: 2294:"Le origini della bandiera italiana" 1969:Constitution of the Italian Republic 1893:constitution of the Italian Republic 1829:which I myself fed with fresh moods. 1629:and with the aircraft of the French 1521:proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy 1435:Rocca Estense, San Felice sul Panaro 1425:The unification of Italian peninsula 1355:Constitution of the Italian Republic 422:, when the revolutionary journalist 179:, which is celebrated every 2 June. 85:proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy 6303:National Unity and Armed Forces Day 5280:"Le origini del tricolore italiano" 5016:Ciano, Antonio (21 December 2017). 4836:portommi la coccarda di tre colori: 4237:"Rassegna storica del Risorgimento" 1841:you mean that Italy has shaken its 1433:Tricolour cockade projected on the 1323:Specifically, the excerpt from the 1234:Charles Albert of Piedmont-Sardinia 1160:Charles Albert of Piedmont-Sardinia 1067:Charles Albert of Piedmont-Sardinia 799:of France as their reference flag. 651:La Gazzetta Enciclopedica di Milano 599:The first Italian tricolour cockade 163:most important offices of the State 13: 6389: 6277:Museum of the Risorgimento (Turin) 6267:Museum of the Risorgimento (Milan) 5942:Second Italian War of Independence 5595:History of the Altare della Patria 5192:Il tricolore: il simbolo la storia 4838:il candido è la fé che c'incatena, 4834:E lo mio amore se n'è ito a Siena, 4777:See the colours of the cockade in 4750:See the colours of the cockade in 4727:See the colours of the cockade in 4705:See the colours of the cockade in 4570:"Seconda Guerra Mondiale - Italia" 2452: 1642:Often the aircraft purchased from 1534: 1447:Second Italian War of Independence 1057: 1016:Provisional Municipality of Venice 966:by a sovereign Italian state, the 916:Free use during the Napoleonic era 182: 14: 7938: 6272:Museum of the Risorgimento (Rome) 5977:Third Italian War of Independence 5947:United Provinces of Central Italy 5902:First Italian War of Independence 5517: 5470:(in Italian). Comune di Vanzago. 5210:(in Italian). Edizioni Gribaudo. 3660:Il tricolore italiano (1796–1870) 3289:Rassegna Storica del Risorgimento 3252:Rassegna Storica del Risorgimento 3208:Rassegna Storica del Risorgimento 3174:Rassegna Storica del Risorgimento 3135:Rassegna Storica del Risorgimento 3096:Rassegna Storica del Risorgimento 3059:Rassegna Storica del Risorgimento 3018:Rassegna Storica del Risorgimento 2984:Rassegna Storica del Risorgimento 2888:Rassegna Storica del Risorgimento 2728:Rassegna Storica del Risorgimento 2334:Rassegna Storica del Risorgimento 1958:Third Italian War of Independence 1926:First Italian War of Independence 1732:President of the Italian Republic 1170:was convened for the first time. 1084:spread, including the concept of 803:The cockade of the Bologna revolt 785:that were in antagonism with the 552:between 16 and 28 August, and in 167:President of the Italian Republic 7876: 7875: 7864: 5826: 5720: 5590:Architectural and artistic works 5567: 5523: 5124:(in Italian). Sellerio Editore. 5009: 4987: 4961: 4935: 4921: 4907: 4885: 4863: 4860:emblema è di fè, di pace e amore 4858:Infine gli dirò che il tricolore 4842:Ci metterò una foglia di verbena 4828: 4794: 4771: 4744: 4721: 4699: 4677: 4652: 4613: 4588: 4538: 4505: 4481: 4463:"Prima Guerra Mondiale - Italia" 4439: 4417: 4317: 4300:"Studi Garibaldini - I quaderni" 3295:(fasc. III): 669. Archived from 3258:(fasc. III): 663. Archived from 3214:(fasc. III): 664. Archived from 3180:(fasc. III): 665. Archived from 3141:(fasc. III): 666. Archived from 3102:(fasc. III): 667. Archived from 3065:(fasc. III): 661. Archived from 2990:(fasc. III): 660. Archived from 2734:(fasc. III): 668. Archived from 2465:"I cento anni del nostro fregio" 2366:"L'Esercito del primo Tricolore" 2340:(fasc. III): 662. Archived from 2197: 2182: 2170: 2155: 2140: 2121: 2105: 2093: 2081: 2058: 2039: 2027: 2005: 1986: 1693:Italian Co-belligerent Air Force 1014:. By decree of 18 May 1797, the 616:contradictory. For example, the 209: 200: 191: 157:) that are organized in various 7605:Orders, decorations, and medals 5367:(in Italian). anno L: 415–450. 5143:(in Italian). Scripta Maneant. 4255: 4229: 4170: 4148: 4094: 4072: 4063: 4041: 4015: 3944: 3895: 3724: 3652: 3588: 3542: 3415: 3393: 3229: 2925:(in Italian). Armando Editore. 2875: 2872:, pp. 239-267 and 676-710. 2749: 1540:Aeronautical and military field 1152:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies 521:at the dawn of the revolution. 461:, who became monarch after the 407:which subsequently led, on the 292: 6236:Francis II of the Two Sicilies 6044:Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour 5992:Italian entry into World War I 5692:Presidential standard of Italy 5425:Soldiers in America, 1754–1865 5329:(in Italian). Newton Compton. 5019:I Savoia e il Massacro del Sud 3839:Bronzini & Dal Mestre 1986 3719:Bronzini & Dal Mestre 1986 3707:Bronzini & Dal Mestre 1986 3683:Bronzini & Dal Mestre 1986 3664:The American Historical Review 1556:on display at the air show in 1376:Italian pre-unification states 1268:, with the tricolour cockade: 1074:absolutist monarchical regimes 1: 6089:Annibale Santore di Santarosa 5105:. Albatros Publications Ltd. 5075:(in Italian). Gangemi. 2012. 5055:"Una gara non giocata ?" 5046: 2556:(in Italian). 6 February 2018 1900:Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia 1821:red is the joy of our hearts. 1795:The cockade of Italy in music 1437:on the occasion of the 150th 766:sovereign Italian state, the 97:birth of the Italian Republic 59:(pleating). It is one of the 6160:Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi 5855:Revolutions during the 1820s 5120:Barbero, Alessandro (2015). 5090:Adye, Ralph Willett (1802). 4971:(in Italian). Archived from 4945:(in Italian). Archived from 4572:(in Italian). Archived from 4465:(in Italian). Archived from 4425:"I plebisciti e le elezioni" 4401:(in Italian). Archived from 4330:. p. 52. Archived from 4239:(in Italian). Archived from 3817:, pp. 63-65 and p. 76.. 3425:(in Italian). Archived from 2531:(in Italian). 4 January 2011 2470:(in Italian). Archived from 2408:(in Italian). Archived from 2403:"I simboli della Repubblica" 2371:(in Italian). Archived from 2234: 2165:(1966–1985 and 2006–present) 2150:(1958–1985 and 2006–present) 2076:(1917–1918 and 1943–present) 1994:Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia 1980:In the institutional context 1924:On 14 June 1848, during the 1911:Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia 1525:Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia 1347:Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia 1166:, was also reopened and the 1156:Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia 449:The green, in the primitive 7: 7645:Water supply and sanitation 7069:Italian geographical region 6937:Monarchy and the World Wars 6879:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 6765:War of the Sicilian Vespers 6418:Timeline of Italian history 6339:Revisionism of Risorgimento 5917:Sicilian revolution of 1848 5798:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia 5793:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 5405:Gli italiani e il tricolore 5231:(in Italian). Feltrinelli. 4263:"Piacenza nel Risorgimento" 2593:(in Italian). 18 March 2011 2440:(in Italian). 17 April 2017 2212: 1612:with the tricolour and the 1527:, the birth of the unified 1419:Sicilian revolution of 1848 1396:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza 1384:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 1380:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia 1133:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza 1117:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 1101:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia 572:attack the fortress of the 161:. It is tradition, for the 53:using the technique called 37:Coccarda italiana tricolore 10: 7943: 7564:Inventions and discoveries 6974:Fall of the Fascist regime 6957:Fourth War of Independence 6915:Expedition of the Thousand 6905:Second War of Independence 6246:Joseph Radetzky von Radetz 5952:Expedition of the Thousand 5818:Duchy of Modena and Reggio 5449:Almanacco della Repubblica 5388:(in Italian). Rubbettino. 5278:Fiorini, Vittorio (1897). 5246:Colangeli, Oronzo (1965). 4265:(in Italian). 19 June 2015 3283:Ferorelli, Nicola (1925). 3246:Ferorelli, Nicola (1925). 3202:Ferorelli, Nicola (1925). 3168:Ferorelli, Nicola (1925). 3129:Ferorelli, Nicola (1925). 3090:Ferorelli, Nicola (1925). 3053:Ferorelli, Nicola (1925). 3012:Ferorelli, Nicola (1925). 2978:Ferorelli, Nicola (1925). 2882:Ferorelli, Nicola (1925). 2722:Ferorelli, Nicola (1925). 2328:Ferorelli, Nicola (1925). 1466:Expedition of the Thousand 1129:Duchy of Modena and Reggio 1094:civil and political rights 919: 761:, which was chosen by the 698: 610:civil and political rights 548:just before 16 August, in 488: 296: 287: 7917:National symbols of Italy 7860: 7658: 7504: 7495: 7359: 7350: 7338:Security and intelligence 7211: 7202: 7064: 7055: 6998: 6925:Third War of Independence 6900:First War of Independence 6887: 6780: 6689: 6570: 6507: 6426: 6410: 6401: 6311: 6290: 6254: 6231:Franz Joseph I of Austria 6218: 6108:Literature and philosophy 6107: 6026: 6005: 5957:Dictatorship of Garibaldi 5835: 5824: 5773: 5718: 5687:National colours of Italy 5626:Flags of Napoleonic Italy 5580: 5574:National symbols of Italy 5505:Archivio Storico Italiano 5443:Vecchio, Giorgio (2003). 5407:(in Italian). Il Mulino. 5365:Strenna Storica Bolognese 5323:Lucchetti, Marco (2014). 5308:(in Italian). Vallecchi. 5158:Bertoldi, Silvio (2000). 5103:Italian National Markings 4180:(in Italian). 5 July 2016 2919:Bolzano, Giacomo (2005). 2790:"I valori – Il Tricolore" 2224:National symbols of Italy 2114:low visibility procedures 2052:In the aeronautical field 1871:The Italian azure cockade 1799:A famous song written by 1404:Charles II, Duke of Parma 1400:that of Modena and Reggio 1218:king of Piedmont-Sardinia 1109:Franz Joseph I of Austria 1078:national colours of Italy 964:green, white and red flag 922:Flags of Napoleonic Italy 895:Giardino della Montagnola 701:National symbols of Italy 624:La Staffetta di Sciaffusa 491:National colours of Italy 384:in the autumn of 1790 on 348:national symbols of Italy 154: 61:national symbols of Italy 7016:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus 7011:Institutional referendum 5225:Cattaneo, Carlo (2011). 5190:Busico, Augusta (2005). 4753:"14° scudetto 2005-2006" 4305:(in Italian). p. 38 3401:"La sommossa di Bologna" 2578:Rivista aeronautica 1990 1747: 1726:It is tradition for the 1635:, which operated in the 711:Italian national colours 647:Il Corriere di Gabinetto 639:Italian national colours 537:that ruled at the time. 455:ancient colours of Paris 420:storming of the Bastille 370:French tricolour cockade 7539:Emigration and diaspora 6748:Guelphs and Ghibellines 6733:the Sardinian Judicates 6210:Francesco Saverio Salfi 6200:Gian Domenico Romagnosi 5667:Il Canto degli Italiani 5466:Villa, Claudio (2010). 5382:Ricceri, Marco (2004). 5267:Coppi, Antonio (1843). 5162:(in Italian). Rizzoli. 5139:Bellocchi, Ugo (2008). 5101:Alegi, Gregory (2001). 2618:"Roundels of the World" 2163:Coppa Italia Dilettanti 1954:post-unitary brigandage 1785:Coppa Italia Dilettanti 1505:Laura Solera Mantegazza 1365:Laura Solera Mantegazza 1290:in full uniform at the 1189:The revolutions of 1848 897:on the direct order of 832:coat of arms of Bologna 473:, in deference to King 63:and is composed of the 7421:Science and technology 7369:Italian regions by GDP 7170:Marine protected areas 6842:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 6241:Klemens von Metternich 5808:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 5763:Unification of Italy ( 5617:Festa della Repubblica 5482:Viola, Orazio (1905). 5255:(in Italian). Patron. 2112:Italian Air Force for 1880: 1872: 1860: 1741:Festa della Repubblica 1684: 1632:Aéronautique Militaire 1601: 1500: 1496:Festa della Repubblica 1455:Napoleon III of France 1442: 1392:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 1367: 1339: 1301: 1297:Festa della Repubblica 1281: 1257: 1253:Festa della Repubblica 1237: 1213: 1147: 1069: 1003: 990: 938: 873: 867: 859:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 854: 815: 744:symbols of the country 728:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 722: 670: 642: 592:Staffetta di Sciaffusa 581: 509: 365: 315: 176:Festa della Repubblica 55: 49: 36: 24: 7620:Public administration 6728:the Holy Roman Empire 6282:Tricolour Flag Museum 6054:Federico Confalonieri 5885:Republic of San Marco 5651:Tricolour Flag Museum 5631:List of Italian flags 5485:Il tricolore italiano 5208:Pattuglie acrobatiche 5122:Il divano di Istanbul 4943:"Il cappello piumato" 4802:"Storia Coppa Italia" 3997:"Il cappello piumato" 2500:"Il cappello piumato" 2021:In the military field 1878: 1870: 1863:Italian azure cockade 1855:The tricolour cockade 1809: 1801:Francesco Dall'Ongaro 1722:Institutional context 1661: 1551: 1482: 1432: 1363: 1329: 1286: 1270: 1242: 1227: 1203: 1168:Neapolitan Parliament 1141: 1065: 995: 976: 933: 920:Further information: 874:Tribunale del Torrone 852: 820:University of Bologna 810: 708: 668: 632: 567: 503: 489:Further information: 481:, on 10 August 1792. 360: 327:, both in war and in 306: 297:Further information: 141:, cavalry regiments, 22: 7848:World Heritage Sites 7303:Council of Ministers 7041:Coronavirus pandemic 6439:Currency and coinage 5937:Plombières Agreement 5532:at Wikimedia Commons 4621:"AMI Special Colors" 2205:Coppa Italia Serie D 2190:Coppa Italia Serie C 1889:Italian royal family 1887:, the colour of the 1811:And my love went to 1803:and set to music by 1789:Coppa Italia Serie C 1781:Coppa Italia Serie D 1562:United Arab Emirates 1113:uprisings of 1820–21 1023:Transpadane Republic 748:collective imaginary 719:collective imaginary 380:, introduced by the 159:national team sports 89:Royal Sardinian Army 79:. During which, the 7912:Italian unification 7379:Automotive industry 7318:Metropolitan cities 6864:Early Modern period 6837:Kingdom of Sardinia 6788:Italian city-states 6329:Italian nationalism 6324:Italian irredentism 6319:Altare della Patria 6115:Giovanni Arrivabene 5922:Ten Days of Brescia 5875:Revolutions of 1848 5860:Revolutions of 1830 5845:Rimini Proclamation 5783:Kingdom of Sardinia 5585:Altare della Patria 5475:IT\ICCU\LO1\1355389 5428:. Stackpole Books. 5295:IT\ICCU\UBO\3928254 5260:IT\ICCU\SBL\0395583 5199:IT\ICCU\UBO\2771748 5059:Rivista aeronautica 4708:"AS Roma 1984-1985" 4337:on 11 February 2017 3573:, pp. 159–160. 2134:In the sports field 1637:same theater of war 1554:Eurofighter Typhoon 1372:revolutions of 1848 1164:Sicilian Parliament 1012:Italian unification 935:Giuseppe Compagnoni 526:Prussian government 475:Louis XVI of France 467:Charles X of France 436:American Revolution 413:Italian unification 376:is inspired by the 340:Italian unification 73:Italian unification 7441:Telecommunications 6808:Maritime republics 6180:Alessandro Manzoni 6170:Francesco Lomonaco 6099:Victor Emmanuel II 6064:Giuseppe Garibaldi 5907:Five Days of Milan 5775:Pre-unitary states 5636:Sala del Tricolore 4286:, pp. 96–101. 1962:Royal Italian Army 1956:(1860–70) and the 1881: 1873: 1716:Guardia di Finanza 1685: 1627:Royal Flying Corps 1602: 1501: 1470:Giuseppe Garibaldi 1443: 1368: 1302: 1258: 1214: 1195:Five Days of Milan 1148: 1121:revolts of 1830–31 1086:self-determination 1070: 1027:Cisalpine Republic 1004: 999:Sala del Tricolore 968:Cispadane Republic 939: 855: 816: 768:Cispadane Republic 723: 671: 643: 582: 510: 424:Camille Desmoulins 405:self-determination 366: 362:Camille Desmoulins 316: 147:Guardia di Finanza 120:Cispadane Republic 93:Royal Italian Army 39:) is the national 25: 7889: 7888: 7856: 7855: 7491: 7490: 7426:Southern question 7346: 7345: 7278:Political parties 7226:Foreign relations 7198: 7197: 7051: 7050: 6772:Kingdom of Naples 6760:Kingdom of Sicily 6357: 6356: 6344:Southern question 6155:Vincenzo Gioberti 6135:Felice Cavallotti 6034:Massimo d'Azeglio 5987:Law of Guarantees 5729: 5728: 5530:Cockades of Italy 5528:Media related to 5495:978-1-161-20869-6 5435:978-0-8117-0519-6 5395:978-88-498-1142-1 5355:978-88-04-50946-2 5336:978-88-541-7155-8 5315:978-88-8252-069-4 5238:978-88-07-82231-5 5150:978-88-95847-01-6 5131:978-88-389-3352-3 5082:978-88-8252-069-4 4975:on 18 August 2018 4871:"Conosci Torino?" 4663:passionemaglie.it 4469:on 8 October 2018 4357:"L'anno di Teano" 4136:on 20 August 2018 4029:on 18 August 2018 3625:, pp. 13–14. 3561:, pp. 11–12. 2477:on 20 August 2018 2415:on 6 October 2015 2074:Italian Air Force 2070:Regia Aeronautica 2066:Corpo Aeronautico 1996:(until 1861) and 1907:Albertine Statute 1708:Italian Air Force 1576:Italian Air Force 1567:Ejército del Aire 1415:Kingdom of Sicily 1343:Statuto Albertino 1082:French Revolution 996:The 18th century 957:Italian peninsula 834:) having a green 730:, and in 1792 in 659:Republic of Genoa 606:living conditions 578:French Revolution 535:absolutist regime 465:with the name of 463:First Restoration 409:Italian peninsula 382:French Revolution 372:, as well as the 313:French Revolution 309:cockade of France 299:Cockade of France 127:Italian Air Force 81:Italian Peninsula 16:National ornament 7934: 7907:Culture of Italy 7879: 7878: 7871:Italy portal 7868: 7867: 7808:National symbols 7502: 7501: 7357: 7356: 7209: 7208: 7062: 7061: 6942:Kingdom of Italy 6869:Napoleonic Italy 6408: 6407: 6384: 6377: 6370: 6361: 6360: 6165:Giacomo Leopardi 6145:Giuseppe Ferrari 6079:Bettino Ricasoli 6074:Giuseppe Mazzini 6059:Francesco Crispi 6039:Agostino Bertani 6013:Cockade of Italy 5997:Impresa di Fiume 5927:Belfiore martyrs 5912:Sortie on Mestre 5830: 5756: 5749: 5742: 5733: 5732: 5724: 5657:Frecce Tricolori 5607:Cockade of Italy 5572: 5571: 5570: 5560: 5553: 5546: 5537: 5536: 5527: 5512: 5499: 5478: 5462: 5439: 5418: 5399: 5378: 5359: 5340: 5319: 5298: 5274: 5263: 5254: 5242: 5221: 5202: 5186: 5173: 5154: 5135: 5116: 5097: 5086: 5066: 5041: 5040: 5038: 5036: 5013: 5007: 5006: 5004: 5002: 4991: 4985: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4965: 4959: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4949:on 13 March 2017 4939: 4933: 4932: 4925: 4919: 4918: 4911: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4889: 4883: 4882: 4880: 4878: 4867: 4861: 4832: 4826: 4820: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4798: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4775: 4769: 4768: 4766: 4764: 4755:. 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Archived from 4019: 4013: 4012: 4010: 4008: 4003:on 13 March 2017 3999:. Archived from 3993: 3984: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3973: 3965: 3952: 3948: 3942: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3926: 3915: 3909: 3903: 3899: 3893: 3887: 3881: 3875: 3869: 3863: 3857: 3851: 3842: 3836: 3830: 3824: 3818: 3812: 3806: 3800: 3794: 3788: 3782: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3772:on 12 April 2016 3768:. Archived from 3762: 3756: 3750: 3744: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3728: 3722: 3716: 3710: 3704: 3698: 3692: 3686: 3680: 3674: 3656: 3650: 3644: 3638: 3632: 3626: 3620: 3614: 3608: 3602: 3601: 3592: 3586: 3580: 3574: 3568: 3562: 3556: 3550: 3546: 3540: 3534: 3528: 3522: 3516: 3510: 3504: 3498: 3492: 3486: 3480: 3474: 3468: 3462: 3456: 3450: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3419: 3413: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3397: 3391: 3385: 3379: 3373: 3358: 3352: 3343: 3337: 3320: 3314: 3308: 3307: 3305: 3304: 3280: 3271: 3270: 3268: 3267: 3243: 3237: 3233: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3223: 3199: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3189: 3165: 3154: 3153: 3151: 3150: 3126: 3115: 3114: 3112: 3111: 3087: 3078: 3077: 3075: 3074: 3050: 3037: 3036: 3034: 3033: 3009: 3003: 3002: 3000: 2999: 2975: 2966: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2950: 2944: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2916: 2907: 2906: 2904: 2903: 2879: 2873: 2867: 2861: 2855: 2846: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2830: 2824: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2808: 2802: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2786: 2769: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2753: 2747: 2746: 2744: 2743: 2719: 2694: 2688: 2682: 2676: 2667: 2661: 2652: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2636: 2630: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2614: 2603: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2587: 2581: 2575: 2566: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2550: 2541: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2525: 2516: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2506:on 13 March 2017 2502:. Archived from 2496: 2487: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2476: 2469: 2461: 2450: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2434: 2425: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2414: 2407: 2399: 2388: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2377: 2370: 2362: 2353: 2352: 2350: 2349: 2325: 2306: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2290: 2284: 2278: 2267: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2251: 2201: 2186: 2174: 2159: 2144: 2125: 2109: 2097: 2085: 2062: 2043: 2031: 2013:Italian Republic 2009: 1998:Kingdom of Italy 1990: 1915:Kingdom of Italy 1858: 1805:Luigi Gordigiani 1730:, excluding the 1689:Second World War 1663:Gianluigi Buffon 1529:Kingdom of Italy 1513:Giuseppe Mazzini 1486:Frecce Tricolori 1351:Kingdom of Italy 1337: 1279: 1235: 988: 876: 870: 844:Castel Bolognese 471:House of Bourbon 321:Late Middle Ages 213: 204: 195: 165:, excluding the 156: 58: 52: 29:cockade of Italy 23:Cockade of Italy 7942: 7941: 7937: 7936: 7935: 7933: 7932: 7931: 7892: 7891: 7890: 7885: 7865: 7852: 7823:Public holidays 7654: 7600:Life expectancy 7487: 7342: 7258:Law enforcement 7194: 7047: 6994: 6983:Social Republic 6947:Colonial Empire 6930:Capture of Rome 6883: 6776: 6685: 6578:Ancient peoples 6566: 6503: 6464:Historic states 6422: 6397: 6388: 6358: 6353: 6307: 6286: 6250: 6214: 6205:Antonio Rosmini 6175:Goffredo Mameli 6125:Giosuè Carducci 6103: 6094:Ruggero Settimo 6022: 6001: 5982:Capture of Rome 5831: 5822: 5769: 5760: 5730: 5725: 5716: 5712:Strawberry tree 5707:Stella d'Italia 5677:Italian sparrow 5612:Emblem of Italy 5576: 5568: 5566: 5564: 5520: 5515: 5496: 5459: 5436: 5415: 5396: 5375: 5356: 5337: 5316: 5252: 5239: 5218: 5170: 5151: 5132: 5113: 5083: 5049: 5044: 5034: 5032: 5030: 5014: 5010: 5000: 4998: 4993: 4992: 4988: 4978: 4976: 4967: 4966: 4962: 4952: 4950: 4941: 4940: 4936: 4927: 4926: 4922: 4913: 4912: 4908: 4898: 4896: 4891: 4890: 4886: 4876: 4874: 4869: 4868: 4864: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4833: 4829: 4823:Zanichelli 1902 4821: 4817: 4807: 4805: 4800: 4799: 4795: 4785: 4783: 4778: 4776: 4772: 4762: 4760: 4751: 4749: 4745: 4735: 4733: 4730:"Juha Tamminen" 4728: 4726: 4722: 4712: 4710: 4706: 4704: 4700: 4690: 4688: 4683: 4682: 4678: 4668: 4666: 4658: 4657: 4653: 4645: 4636: 4626: 4624: 4619: 4618: 4614: 4604: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4593: 4589: 4579: 4577: 4576:on 27 July 2016 4568: 4567: 4560: 4552: 4548: 4543: 4539: 4531: 4527: 4519: 4515: 4510: 4506: 4498: 4491: 4486: 4482: 4472: 4470: 4461: 4460: 4451: 4444: 4440: 4430: 4428: 4423: 4422: 4418: 4408: 4406: 4397: 4396: 4387: 4379: 4375: 4365: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4354: 4350: 4340: 4338: 4334: 4327: 4323: 4322: 4318: 4308: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4297: 4290: 4282: 4278: 4268: 4266: 4261: 4260: 4256: 4246: 4244: 4243:on 26 July 2021 4235: 4234: 4230: 4226:, p. 1857. 4222: 4218: 4208: 4206: 4201: 4200: 4193: 4183: 4181: 4176: 4175: 4171: 4161: 4159: 4154: 4153: 4149: 4139: 4137: 4133: 4126: 4122: 4121: 4117: 4107: 4105: 4100: 4099: 4095: 4085: 4083: 4078: 4077: 4073: 4068: 4064: 4054: 4052: 4047: 4046: 4042: 4032: 4030: 4021: 4020: 4016: 4006: 4004: 3995: 3994: 3987: 3977: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3966: 3955: 3949: 3945: 3935: 3933: 3928: 3927: 3918: 3910: 3906: 3900: 3896: 3888: 3884: 3876: 3872: 3864: 3860: 3852: 3845: 3837: 3833: 3825: 3821: 3813: 3809: 3801: 3797: 3789: 3785: 3775: 3773: 3764: 3763: 3759: 3751: 3747: 3737: 3735: 3730: 3729: 3725: 3717: 3713: 3705: 3701: 3693: 3689: 3681: 3677: 3657: 3653: 3645: 3641: 3633: 3629: 3621: 3617: 3609: 3605: 3594: 3593: 3589: 3581: 3577: 3569: 3565: 3557: 3553: 3547: 3543: 3535: 3531: 3523: 3519: 3511: 3507: 3499: 3495: 3487: 3483: 3475: 3471: 3463: 3459: 3451: 3442: 3432: 3430: 3429:on 2 March 2016 3421: 3420: 3416: 3406: 3404: 3399: 3398: 3394: 3386: 3382: 3374: 3361: 3353: 3346: 3338: 3323: 3315: 3311: 3302: 3300: 3281: 3274: 3265: 3263: 3244: 3240: 3234: 3230: 3221: 3219: 3200: 3196: 3187: 3185: 3166: 3157: 3148: 3146: 3127: 3118: 3109: 3107: 3088: 3081: 3072: 3070: 3051: 3040: 3031: 3029: 3010: 3006: 2997: 2995: 2976: 2969: 2959: 2957: 2952: 2951: 2947: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2917: 2910: 2901: 2899: 2880: 2876: 2868: 2864: 2856: 2849: 2839: 2837: 2832: 2831: 2827: 2817: 2815: 2810: 2809: 2805: 2795: 2793: 2788: 2787: 2772: 2762: 2760: 2755: 2754: 2750: 2741: 2739: 2720: 2697: 2689: 2685: 2677: 2670: 2662: 2655: 2645: 2643: 2638: 2637: 2633: 2623: 2621: 2616: 2615: 2606: 2596: 2594: 2589: 2588: 2584: 2576: 2569: 2559: 2557: 2552: 2551: 2544: 2534: 2532: 2527: 2526: 2519: 2509: 2507: 2498: 2497: 2490: 2480: 2478: 2474: 2467: 2463: 2462: 2453: 2443: 2441: 2436: 2435: 2428: 2418: 2416: 2412: 2405: 2401: 2400: 2391: 2381: 2379: 2378:on 9 March 2017 2375: 2368: 2364: 2363: 2356: 2347: 2345: 2326: 2309: 2299: 2297: 2292: 2291: 2287: 2283:, chapt. XVIII. 2279: 2270: 2260: 2258: 2253: 2252: 2241: 2237: 2215: 2208: 2202: 2193: 2187: 2178: 2175: 2166: 2160: 2151: 2145: 2136: 2129: 2126: 2117: 2110: 2101: 2098: 2089: 2086: 2077: 2063: 2054: 2047: 2044: 2035: 2032: 2023: 2016: 2010: 2001: 1991: 1982: 1977: 1865: 1859: 1853: 1848: 1846: 1840: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1797: 1750: 1736:military parade 1724: 1697:fall of fascism 1606:First World War 1584:Royal Air Force 1542: 1537: 1535:Subsequent uses 1491:military parade 1427: 1338: 1335: 1318:military branch 1292:military parade 1280: 1277: 1248:military parade 1236: 1233: 1191: 1088:of the people. 1060: 1058:The first riots 1055: 989: 986: 952:Milan Cathedral 928: 918: 805: 703: 697: 601: 498: 493: 487: 479:abolished later 459:Count of Artois 301: 295: 290: 223: 222: 221: 220: 216: 215: 214: 206: 205: 197: 196: 185: 183:Colour position 171:military parade 77:Italian history 17: 12: 11: 5: 7940: 7930: 7929: 7927:Sports symbols 7924: 7922:Sport in Italy 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7887: 7886: 7884: 7883: 7873: 7861: 7858: 7857: 7854: 7853: 7851: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7770: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7664: 7662: 7656: 7655: 7653: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7596: 7595: 7594: 7593: 7578: 7577: 7576: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7505: 7499: 7493: 7492: 7489: 7488: 7486: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7474: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7431:Stock exchange 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7397: 7396: 7391: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7360: 7354: 7348: 7347: 7344: 7343: 7341: 7340: 7335: 7333:Municipalities 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7293:Prime Minister 7290: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7244: 7243: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7212: 7206: 7200: 7199: 7196: 7195: 7193: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7180:Regional parks 7177: 7175:National parks 7172: 7167: 7162: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7136: 7135: 7125: 7124: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7087: 7086: 7084:Climate change 7076: 7071: 7065: 7059: 7053: 7052: 7049: 7048: 7046: 7045: 7044: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7002: 7000: 6996: 6995: 6993: 6992: 6991: 6990: 6985: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6960: 6959: 6949: 6944: 6934: 6933: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6891: 6889: 6885: 6884: 6882: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6860: 6859: 6849: 6847:Duchy of Savoy 6844: 6839: 6834: 6833: 6832: 6831: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6784: 6782: 6778: 6777: 6775: 6774: 6769: 6768: 6767: 6757: 6755:Lombard League 6752: 6751: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6693: 6691: 6687: 6686: 6684: 6683: 6682: 6681: 6680: 6679: 6677:Western Empire 6669: 6664: 6662:Roman conquest 6659: 6654: 6644: 6643: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6616: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6583:Italic peoples 6574: 6572: 6568: 6567: 6565: 6564: 6563: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6511: 6509: 6505: 6504: 6502: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6430: 6428: 6424: 6423: 6421: 6420: 6414: 6412: 6405: 6399: 6398: 6387: 6386: 6379: 6372: 6364: 6355: 6354: 6352: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6315: 6313: 6309: 6308: 6306: 6305: 6300: 6294: 6292: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6258: 6256: 6252: 6251: 6249: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6222: 6220: 6216: 6215: 6213: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6195:Carlo Pisacane 6192: 6190:Silvio Pellico 6187: 6185:Ippolito Nievo 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6140:Vincenzo Cuoco 6137: 6132: 6130:Carlo Cattaneo 6127: 6122: 6117: 6111: 6109: 6105: 6104: 6102: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6030: 6028: 6024: 6023: 6021: 6020: 6015: 6009: 6007: 6003: 6002: 6000: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5972:Roman Question 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5893: 5892: 5890:Roman Republic 5887: 5882: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5841: 5839: 5833: 5832: 5825: 5823: 5821: 5820: 5815: 5813:Duchy of Parma 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5787:House of Savoy 5779: 5777: 5771: 5770: 5759: 5758: 5751: 5744: 5736: 5727: 5726: 5719: 5717: 5715: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5672:Italia turrita 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5603: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5581: 5578: 5577: 5563: 5562: 5555: 5548: 5540: 5534: 5533: 5519: 5518:External links 5516: 5514: 5513: 5507:(in Italian). 5500: 5494: 5479: 5463: 5457: 5445:"Il tricolore" 5440: 5434: 5419: 5413: 5400: 5394: 5379: 5373: 5360: 5354: 5341: 5335: 5320: 5314: 5299: 5286:(in Italian). 5275: 5264: 5243: 5237: 5222: 5216: 5203: 5187: 5174: 5168: 5155: 5149: 5136: 5130: 5117: 5111: 5098: 5087: 5081: 5067: 5061:(in Italian). 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5042: 5028: 5008: 4986: 4960: 4934: 4929:"Il Tricolore" 4920: 4906: 4884: 4862: 4827: 4825:, p. 438. 4815: 4793: 4770: 4759:on 7 July 2018 4743: 4720: 4698: 4676: 4651: 4634: 4612: 4587: 4558: 4546: 4537: 4525: 4513: 4504: 4489: 4480: 4449: 4438: 4416: 4385: 4373: 4348: 4316: 4288: 4284:Bellocchi 2008 4276: 4254: 4228: 4216: 4191: 4169: 4147: 4115: 4102:"Il Tricolore" 4093: 4071: 4062: 4040: 4014: 3985: 3953: 3943: 3916: 3904: 3894: 3882: 3870: 3858: 3843: 3841:, p. 131. 3831: 3829:, p. 114. 3819: 3807: 3795: 3793:, p. 215. 3783: 3757: 3745: 3723: 3721:, p. 137. 3711: 3709:, p. 119. 3699: 3687: 3685:, p. 129. 3675: 3658:Ghisi, Enrico 3651: 3649:, p. 169. 3639: 3637:, p. 163. 3627: 3615: 3613:, p. 162. 3603: 3587: 3585:, p. 160. 3575: 3563: 3551: 3541: 3529: 3527:, p. 157. 3517: 3505: 3493: 3481: 3479:, p. 706. 3469: 3465:Colangeli 1965 3457: 3440: 3414: 3392: 3390:, p. 423. 3380: 3376:Colangeli 1965 3359: 3357:, p. 253. 3344: 3340:Colangeli 1965 3321: 3319:, p. 249. 3309: 3291:(in Italian). 3272: 3254:(in Italian). 3238: 3228: 3210:(in Italian). 3194: 3176:(in Italian). 3155: 3137:(in Italian). 3116: 3098:(in Italian). 3079: 3061:(in Italian). 3038: 3020:(in Italian). 3004: 2986:(in Italian). 2967: 2945: 2931: 2908: 2890:(in Italian). 2874: 2862: 2860:, p. 156. 2847: 2825: 2803: 2770: 2748: 2730:(in Italian). 2695: 2691:Lucchetti 2014 2683: 2668: 2666:, p. 271. 2653: 2631: 2604: 2582: 2580:, p. 115. 2567: 2542: 2517: 2488: 2451: 2426: 2389: 2354: 2336:(in Italian). 2307: 2285: 2268: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2232: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2209: 2207:(1999–present) 2203: 2196: 2194: 2192:(1972–present) 2188: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2169: 2167: 2161: 2154: 2152: 2146: 2139: 2135: 2132: 2131: 2130: 2127: 2120: 2118: 2116:(1991–present) 2111: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2080: 2078: 2064: 2057: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2048: 2045: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2026: 2022: 2019: 2018: 2017: 2015:(1948–present) 2011: 2004: 2002: 1992: 1985: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1950:siege of Gaeta 1919:Duchy of Savoy 1864: 1861: 1851: 1796: 1793: 1777:2006–07 season 1769:1985–86 season 1761:1958–59 season 1749: 1746: 1723: 1720: 1588:United Kingdom 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1426: 1423: 1333: 1275: 1231: 1190: 1187: 1142:Facade of the 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 984: 980:Patriotic Hall 945:'s entry into 917: 914: 804: 801: 781:, then by the 763:Lombard Legion 732:Porto Maurizio 699:Main article: 696: 693: 684:natural rights 608:and to obtain 600: 597: 568:The people of 497: 494: 486: 483: 451:French cockade 294: 291: 289: 286: 218: 217: 208: 207: 199: 198: 190: 189: 188: 187: 186: 184: 181: 108:Lombard Legion 91:(becoming the 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7939: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7899: 7897: 7882: 7874: 7872: 7863: 7862: 7859: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7665: 7663: 7661: 7657: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7592: 7589: 7588: 7587: 7584: 7583: 7582: 7579: 7575: 7572: 7571: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7506: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7494: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7458: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7386: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7361: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7349: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7298: 7294: 7291: 7288: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7242: 7239: 7238: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7213: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7201: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7134: 7131: 7130: 7129: 7126: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7108: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7085: 7082: 7081: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7066: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7054: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7026:Years of Lead 7024: 7022: 7021:Economic Boom 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7008: 7007: 7004: 7003: 7001: 6997: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6964:Fascist Italy 6962: 6958: 6955: 6954: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6939: 6938: 6935: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6910:Niçard exodus 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6897: 6896: 6893: 6892: 6890: 6886: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6858: 6855: 6854: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6810: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6790: 6789: 6786: 6785: 6783: 6779: 6773: 6770: 6766: 6763: 6762: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6700: 6699: 6698: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6688: 6678: 6675: 6674: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6649: 6648: 6645: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6630:Magna Graecia 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6585: 6584: 6581: 6580: 6579: 6576: 6575: 6573: 6569: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6517: 6516: 6513: 6512: 6510: 6506: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6431: 6429: 6425: 6419: 6416: 6415: 6413: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6400: 6396: 6392: 6385: 6380: 6378: 6373: 6371: 6366: 6365: 6362: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6316: 6314: 6310: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6295: 6293: 6291:National days 6289: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6259: 6257: 6253: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6217: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6112: 6110: 6106: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6084:Aurelio Saffi 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6069:Daniele Manin 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6049:Celso Ceretti 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6025: 6019: 6018:Flag of Italy 6016: 6014: 6011: 6010: 6008: 6004: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5877: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5870:Neo-Guelphism 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5838: 5834: 5829: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5788: 5784: 5781: 5780: 5778: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5766: 5757: 5752: 5750: 5745: 5743: 5738: 5737: 5734: 5723: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5646:Tricolour Day 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5623: 5622:Flag of Italy 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5587: 5586: 5583: 5582: 5579: 5575: 5561: 5556: 5554: 5549: 5547: 5542: 5541: 5538: 5531: 5526: 5522: 5521: 5510: 5506: 5501: 5497: 5491: 5487: 5486: 5480: 5476: 5473: 5469: 5464: 5460: 5458:88-424-9499-2 5454: 5450: 5446: 5441: 5437: 5431: 5427: 5426: 5420: 5416: 5414:88-15-07163-6 5410: 5406: 5401: 5397: 5391: 5387: 5386: 5380: 5376: 5374:88-555-2567-0 5370: 5366: 5361: 5357: 5351: 5347: 5342: 5338: 5332: 5328: 5327: 5321: 5317: 5311: 5307: 5306: 5300: 5296: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5276: 5272: 5271: 5265: 5261: 5258: 5251: 5250: 5244: 5240: 5234: 5230: 5229: 5223: 5219: 5217:88-8058-873-7 5213: 5209: 5204: 5200: 5197: 5193: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5175: 5171: 5169:88-17-86481-1 5165: 5161: 5156: 5152: 5146: 5142: 5137: 5133: 5127: 5123: 5118: 5114: 5112:1-902207-33-5 5108: 5104: 5099: 5096:. T. Egerton. 5095: 5094: 5088: 5084: 5078: 5074: 5073: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5051: 5031: 5029:9788833460086 5025: 5021: 5020: 5012: 4996: 4990: 4974: 4970: 4964: 4948: 4944: 4938: 4930: 4924: 4916: 4910: 4894: 4888: 4872: 4866: 4831: 4824: 4819: 4803: 4797: 4781: 4774: 4758: 4754: 4747: 4731: 4724: 4709: 4702: 4686: 4680: 4664: 4661: 4655: 4649:, p. 40. 4648: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4622: 4616: 4597: 4591: 4575: 4571: 4565: 4563: 4556:, p. 13. 4555: 4550: 4541: 4534: 4529: 4522: 4517: 4508: 4501: 4496: 4494: 4484: 4468: 4464: 4458: 4456: 4454: 4447: 4442: 4426: 4420: 4404: 4400: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4383:, p. 25. 4382: 4377: 4358: 4352: 4333: 4326: 4320: 4301: 4295: 4293: 4285: 4280: 4264: 4258: 4242: 4238: 4232: 4225: 4220: 4204: 4198: 4196: 4179: 4173: 4157: 4151: 4132: 4125: 4119: 4103: 4097: 4081: 4075: 4066: 4050: 4044: 4028: 4024: 4018: 4002: 3998: 3992: 3990: 3970: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3947: 3931: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3914:, p. 22. 3913: 3908: 3898: 3892:, p. II. 3891: 3886: 3880:, p. 21. 3879: 3874: 3868:, p. 20. 3867: 3862: 3855: 3854:Cattaneo 2011 3850: 3848: 3840: 3835: 3828: 3823: 3816: 3815:Bertoldi 2000 3811: 3805:, p. 29. 3804: 3799: 3792: 3787: 3771: 3767: 3761: 3755:, p. 43. 3754: 3749: 3733: 3727: 3720: 3715: 3708: 3703: 3697:, p. 18. 3696: 3691: 3684: 3679: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3655: 3648: 3647:Maiorino 2002 3643: 3636: 3635:Maiorino 2002 3631: 3624: 3619: 3612: 3611:Maiorino 2002 3607: 3599: 3598: 3591: 3584: 3583:Maiorino 2002 3579: 3572: 3571:Maiorino 2002 3567: 3560: 3555: 3545: 3538: 3533: 3526: 3525:Maiorino 2002 3521: 3515:, p. 42. 3514: 3509: 3502: 3497: 3491:, p. 46. 3490: 3485: 3478: 3473: 3467:, p. 13. 3466: 3461: 3455:, p. 10. 3454: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3428: 3424: 3418: 3402: 3396: 3389: 3384: 3378:, p. 12. 3377: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3356: 3351: 3349: 3342:, p. 11. 3341: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3318: 3313: 3299:on 2019-03-31 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3279: 3277: 3262:on 2019-03-31 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3242: 3232: 3218:on 2019-03-31 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3198: 3184:on 2019-03-31 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3145:on 2019-03-31 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3106:on 2019-03-31 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3086: 3084: 3069:on 2019-03-31 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3028:on 2019-03-31 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3008: 2994:on 2019-03-31 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2974: 2972: 2955: 2949: 2934: 2932:9788883587504 2928: 2924: 2923: 2915: 2913: 2898:on 2019-03-31 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2878: 2871: 2866: 2859: 2858:Maiorino 2002 2854: 2852: 2835: 2829: 2813: 2807: 2791: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2758: 2752: 2738:on 2019-03-31 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2692: 2687: 2681:, p. 99. 2680: 2675: 2673: 2665: 2660: 2658: 2641: 2635: 2619: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2592: 2586: 2579: 2574: 2572: 2555: 2549: 2547: 2530: 2524: 2522: 2505: 2501: 2495: 2493: 2473: 2466: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2439: 2433: 2431: 2411: 2404: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2374: 2367: 2361: 2359: 2344:on 2019-03-31 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2295: 2289: 2282: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2256: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2239: 2230: 2229:Tricolour Day 2227: 2225: 2222: 2220: 2219:Flag of Italy 2217: 2216: 2206: 2200: 2195: 2191: 2185: 2180: 2173: 2168: 2164: 2158: 2153: 2149: 2143: 2138: 2137: 2124: 2119: 2115: 2108: 2103: 2096: 2091: 2084: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2061: 2056: 2055: 2042: 2037: 2030: 2025: 2024: 2014: 2008: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1989: 1984: 1983: 1972: 1970: 1965: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1948:in 1860, the 1947: 1946:central Italy 1942: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1922: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1903: 1901: 1896: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1877: 1869: 1856: 1850: 1844: 1826: 1823:I will put a 1814: 1808: 1806: 1802: 1792: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1757: 1755: 1754:Italian sport 1745: 1743: 1742: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1719: 1717: 1711: 1709: 1705: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1682: 1678: 1677: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1638: 1634: 1633: 1628: 1624: 1618: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1599: 1595: 1594: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1568: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1550: 1546: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1516: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1498: 1497: 1492: 1488: 1487: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1462: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1440: 1436: 1431: 1422: 1420: 1416: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1332: 1328: 1326: 1321: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1299: 1298: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1274: 1269: 1267: 1263: 1255: 1254: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1230: 1226: 1224: 1219: 1211: 1207: 1202: 1198: 1196: 1186: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1145: 1140: 1136: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1105:death penalty 1102: 1097: 1095: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1068: 1064: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1033:, on part of 1032: 1028: 1024: 1019: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1001: 1000: 994: 983: 981: 975: 973: 969: 965: 960: 958: 953: 948: 944: 936: 932: 927: 926:Flag of Italy 923: 913: 911: 907: 902: 900: 896: 892: 886: 882: 880: 875: 869: 864: 860: 851: 847: 845: 839: 837: 833: 827: 825: 821: 814: 809: 800: 798: 797: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 771: 769: 764: 760: 755: 753: 749: 745: 739: 737: 733: 729: 720: 716: 712: 707: 702: 692: 689: 685: 679: 675: 667: 663: 660: 654: 652: 648: 640: 636: 631: 627: 625: 622: 619: 613: 611: 607: 596: 593: 590: 587: 579: 575: 571: 566: 562: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 538: 536: 531: 527: 522: 520: 516: 507: 502: 492: 482: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 447: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 416: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 389: 387: 383: 379: 375: 374:flag of Italy 371: 363: 359: 355: 351: 349: 345: 341: 337: 336:revolutionary 332: 330: 326: 322: 314: 310: 305: 300: 285: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 254: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 231:flag of Italy 227: 212: 203: 194: 180: 178: 177: 172: 168: 164: 160: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 123: 121: 117: 116:flag of Italy 113: 109: 105: 100: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 65:three colours 62: 57: 51: 46: 42: 38: 34: 30: 21: 7708:Architecture 7678:Quattrocento 7635:Social class 7615:Prostitution 7529:Demographics 7451:Trade unions 7394:Central Bank 7236:Human rights 7216:Constitution 6999:Contemporary 6969:World War II 6857:Italian Wars 6781:Early modern 6723:Papal States 6701:Italy under 6647:Ancient Rome 6226:Pope Pius IX 6120:Cesare Balbo 6027:Main leaders 6012: 5897:Quadrilatero 5803:Papal States 5765:Risorgimento 5764: 5682:Italian wolf 5662:Goddess Roma 5606: 5508: 5504: 5484: 5467: 5448: 5424: 5404: 5384: 5364: 5345: 5325: 5304: 5287: 5283: 5269: 5248: 5227: 5207: 5191: 5182: 5178: 5159: 5140: 5121: 5102: 5092: 5071: 5062: 5058: 5033:. Retrieved 5018: 5011: 4999:. Retrieved 4997:(in Italian) 4989: 4977:. Retrieved 4973:the original 4963: 4951:. Retrieved 4947:the original 4937: 4923: 4909: 4897:. Retrieved 4895:(in Italian) 4887: 4875:. Retrieved 4873:(in Italian) 4865: 4830: 4818: 4806:. Retrieved 4804:(in Italian) 4796: 4784:. Retrieved 4782:(in Italian) 4773: 4761:. Retrieved 4757:the original 4746: 4734:. Retrieved 4732:(in Italian) 4723: 4711:. Retrieved 4701: 4689:. Retrieved 4687:(in Italian) 4679: 4667:. Retrieved 4662: 4654: 4625:. Retrieved 4623:(in Italian) 4615: 4603:. Retrieved 4601:(in Italian) 4590: 4578:. Retrieved 4574:the original 4549: 4540: 4535:, p. 3. 4528: 4523:, p. 4. 4516: 4507: 4502:, p. 2. 4483: 4471:. Retrieved 4467:the original 4441: 4429:. Retrieved 4427:(in Italian) 4419: 4407:. Retrieved 4403:the original 4381:Caliaro 2005 4376: 4364:. Retrieved 4362:(in Italian) 4351: 4339:. Retrieved 4332:the original 4319: 4307:. Retrieved 4279: 4267:. Retrieved 4257: 4245:. Retrieved 4241:the original 4231: 4224:Gangemi 2012 4219: 4207:. Retrieved 4205:(in Italian) 4182:. Retrieved 4172: 4160:. Retrieved 4158:(in Italian) 4150: 4138:. Retrieved 4131:the original 4118: 4106:. Retrieved 4104:(in Italian) 4096: 4084:. Retrieved 4082:(in Italian) 4074: 4065: 4053:. Retrieved 4051:(in Italian) 4043: 4031:. Retrieved 4027:the original 4017: 4005:. Retrieved 4001:the original 3976:. Retrieved 3974:(in Italian) 3946: 3934:. Retrieved 3932:(in Italian) 3907: 3897: 3885: 3873: 3861: 3856:, Chapt. XI. 3834: 3827:Ricceri 2004 3822: 3810: 3798: 3786: 3774:. Retrieved 3770:the original 3760: 3748: 3736:. Retrieved 3734:(in Italian) 3726: 3714: 3702: 3690: 3678: 3663: 3659: 3654: 3642: 3630: 3618: 3606: 3596: 3590: 3578: 3566: 3554: 3544: 3539:, p. 9. 3537:Tarozzi 1999 3532: 3520: 3513:Vecchio 2003 3508: 3503:, p. 1. 3496: 3484: 3477:Fiorini 1897 3472: 3460: 3431:. Retrieved 3427:the original 3417: 3405:. Retrieved 3403:(in Italian) 3395: 3383: 3355:Fiorini 1897 3317:Fiorini 1897 3312: 3301:. Retrieved 3297:the original 3292: 3288: 3264:. Retrieved 3260:the original 3255: 3251: 3241: 3231: 3220:. Retrieved 3216:the original 3211: 3207: 3197: 3186:. Retrieved 3182:the original 3177: 3173: 3147:. Retrieved 3143:the original 3138: 3134: 3108:. Retrieved 3104:the original 3099: 3095: 3071:. Retrieved 3067:the original 3062: 3058: 3030:. Retrieved 3026:the original 3021: 3017: 3007: 2996:. Retrieved 2992:the original 2987: 2983: 2958:. Retrieved 2956:(in Italian) 2948: 2936:. Retrieved 2921: 2900:. Retrieved 2896:the original 2891: 2887: 2877: 2870:Fiorini 1897 2865: 2838:. Retrieved 2836:(in Italian) 2828: 2816:. Retrieved 2806: 2794:. Retrieved 2792:(in Italian) 2761:. Retrieved 2759:(in Italian) 2751: 2740:. Retrieved 2736:the original 2731: 2727: 2693:, Chapt. 22. 2686: 2679:Troiani 1998 2644:. Retrieved 2642:(in Italian) 2634: 2622:. Retrieved 2620:(in Italian) 2595:. Retrieved 2585: 2558:. Retrieved 2533:. Retrieved 2508:. Retrieved 2504:the original 2479:. Retrieved 2472:the original 2442:. Retrieved 2417:. Retrieved 2410:the original 2380:. Retrieved 2373:the original 2346:. Retrieved 2342:the original 2337: 2333: 2298:. Retrieved 2296:(in Italian) 2288: 2281:Barbero 2015 2259:. Retrieved 2257:(in Italian) 2148:Coppa Italia 1966: 1943: 1923: 1904: 1897: 1882: 1854: 1810: 1798: 1773:Coppa Italia 1758: 1751: 1739: 1725: 1712: 1701: 1695:. After the 1686: 1674: 1671:Coppa Italia 1641: 1630: 1619: 1603: 1591: 1565: 1543: 1517: 1502: 1494: 1484: 1474: 1463: 1444: 1412: 1388:Papal States 1369: 1340: 1330: 1322: 1303: 1295: 1271: 1259: 1251: 1228: 1215: 1192: 1172: 1149: 1125:Papal States 1098: 1090: 1071: 1020: 1005: 997: 977: 961: 940: 903: 894: 887: 883: 856: 842:Bologna and 840: 828: 817: 796:fleur-de-lis 794: 783:Bonapartists 772: 756: 740: 724: 680: 676: 672: 655: 650: 646: 644: 633:Panorama of 623: 614: 602: 591: 583: 539: 528:forbade the 523: 515:Papal States 511: 448: 438:, symbol of 417: 390: 367: 352: 333: 317: 293:The premises 282:Turkmenistan 258:urban legend 255: 228: 224: 174: 151:Coppa Italia 124: 101: 69:Italian flag 28: 26: 7773:Italophilia 7733:Coat of arm 7683:Cinquecento 7559:Immigration 7509:Aristocracy 7374:Agriculture 7268:Nationality 7241:LGBT rights 7155:Earthquakes 7036:Mani pulite 6952:World War I 6895:Unification 6888:Late modern 6852:Renaissance 6697:Middle Ages 6690:Middle Ages 6667:Roman Italy 6434:Citizenship 6150:Ugo Foscolo 5932:Crimean War 5865:Young Italy 5697:Rosso corsa 4269:3 September 4247:2 September 3791:Busico 2005 2818:13 February 2814:(in French) 2000:(1861–1948) 1938:Bersaglieri 1934:Carabinieri 1667:Juventus FC 1459:plebiscites 1445:During the 1408:reactionary 1390:, from the 1382:, from the 1370:During the 1314:Bersaglieri 1306:Carabinieri 1288:Carabinieri 1210:Bersaglieri 1204:The parade 1183:Romanticism 1131:and in the 879:Inquisition 787:Monarchists 779:Republicans 530:Westphalian 386:French Navy 329:tournaments 143:Carabinieri 139:Bersaglieri 7896:Categories 7843:Traditions 7833:Television 7818:Philosophy 7783:Literature 7723:Cathedrals 7693:Settecento 7554:Healthcare 7519:Corruption 7514:Censorship 7273:Parliament 7231:Government 7031:Maxi Trial 6979:Resistance 6708:Ostrogoths 6640:Messapians 6525:Villanovan 6515:Prehistory 6508:Prehistory 6349:Third Rome 5702:Savoy blue 5047:References 4647:Villa 2010 4554:Alegi 2001 4533:Alegi 2001 4521:Alegi 2001 4500:Alegi 2001 3912:Villa 2010 3890:Viola 1905 3878:Villa 2010 3866:Villa 2010 3803:Coppi 1843 3695:Villa 2010 3623:Villa 2010 3559:Villa 2010 3501:Villa 2010 3489:Villa 2010 3453:Villa 2010 3303:2019-09-25 3266:2019-09-25 3222:2019-09-25 3188:2019-09-25 3149:2019-09-25 3110:2019-09-25 3073:2019-09-25 3032:2019-09-25 2998:2019-09-25 2902:2019-09-25 2840:14 January 2742:2019-09-25 2348:2019-09-25 1930:circulaire 1885:Savoy blue 1827:leaf in it 1590:) and the 1325:circulaire 1262:circulaire 1179:classicism 863:Covigliaio 709:The three 686:, that is 397:Jacobinism 378:French one 274:Seychelles 251:Madagascar 153:(English: 7803:Mythology 7778:Libraries 7698:Ottocento 7640:Terrorism 7581:Languages 7534:Education 7456:Transport 7406:Companies 7313:Provinces 7283:President 7248:Judiciary 7221:Elections 7133:Volcanoes 7128:Volcanism 7121:Apennines 7106:Mountains 7074:Peninsula 7057:Geography 6988:Civil War 6713:Byzantium 6620:Etruscans 6555:Canegrate 6550:Golasecca 6535:Rinaldone 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