228:
243:
270:
1986:
1976:
308:
404:
213:
20:
101:
and the sap starts to flow from the cut into bamboo containers. The sap collected is then transferred into large woks and placed over moderate heat to evaporate the moisture content of the sap. The sap is translucent and is about 80% water. At this point it is known as coconut
293:
or brown sugar. However, since coconut sugar is not highly processed, the color, sweetness and flavor can vary depending on the coconut species used, season when it was harvested, where it was harvested and/or the way the "sap" or "toddy" was reduced.
413:
Although its use as a sweetener has become more common in developed countries, there is no scientific evidence that coconut sugar is more nutritious or healthier than any other sweetener. The
242:
720:
598:
122:(North Africa). As the water evaporates, it starts to transform into a thick sap syrup. From this form, it may or may not be further reduced to crystal, block or soft paste form.
852:. Glycemic Index Research Service, Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Australia. 2011. Archived from
773:"Minor metabolites as chemical marker for the differentiation of cane, beet and coconut blossom sugar. From profiling towards identification of adulterations"
227:
97:
Producing coconut sugar is a two-step process. It starts with harvesting or "tapping" the flower bud stem of a coconut tree. Farmers make a cut on the
318:
724:
849:
877:. Glycemic Index Research Service, Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Australia. 2017
1727:
1650:
771:
Bachmann, René; Horns, Anna Lena; Paasch, Nele; Schrieck, Robbin; Weidner, Markus; Fransson, Iris; Schrör, Jan-Philipp (2022-05-01).
1597:
551:
518:
86:
Used as a sweetener in many countries, coconut sugar has no significant nutritional or health benefits over other sweeteners.
694:
631:
383:
1550:
355:
1622:
1545:
818:
480:) Glycemic Index Research Service measured the GI of coconut sugar to be 54, and considers any GI over 55 to be high.
2015:
1836:
1565:
1518:
362:
341:
1580:
913:
1492:
369:
1396:
331:
269:
1426:
469:
351:
1660:
1575:
1560:
1722:
1702:
1682:
1288:
772:
1989:
853:
326:
1602:
1570:
1148:
519:"Coconut Sugar (Gula Jawa, Gula Merah) | Indonesia Eats | Authentic Online Indonesian Food Recipes"
2010:
1883:
1697:
1555:
1411:
1153:
658:
322:
260:
1957:
1737:
684:
1747:
1687:
1193:
746:
621:
212:
1248:
1163:
1051:
473:
376:
252:
198:. It is usually derived from coconut palms, but sometimes from other palms. It is used in
8:
1655:
1540:
1497:
906:
1915:
1742:
1632:
1298:
800:
337:
149:
72:
190:
name for palm sugar or "malacca sugar", probably named for its origin in the state of
1846:
1712:
1627:
1101:
804:
792:
690:
627:
566:
414:
522:
1910:
1752:
1674:
1308:
1106:
788:
784:
289:
but with a slight hint of caramel. The flavor and sweetness is usually similar to
472:, and by that measure it is classified as a low glycemic index food. However, the
1893:
1815:
1523:
1502:
1416:
98:
76:
824:. Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Republic of Philippines. Archived from
1979:
1903:
1898:
1856:
1820:
1615:
1590:
1482:
1472:
1440:
1303:
1273:
1091:
1005:
946:
932:
899:
465:
187:
165:
126:
80:
1208:
874:
2004:
1946:
1610:
1460:
1406:
1253:
1138:
1116:
1111:
796:
458:
418:
59:
825:
1805:
1793:
1717:
1692:
1585:
1533:
1391:
1328:
1323:
1143:
1121:
973:
430:
256:
219:
64:
51:
891:
1951:
1871:
1861:
1778:
1768:
1707:
1528:
1465:
1370:
1355:
1318:
1258:
1238:
1224:
1198:
1173:
1126:
1096:
1056:
1036:
1031:
1000:
454:
426:
422:
290:
286:
169:
145:(පොල් හකුරු), though the jaggery made from the Kithul palm is preferred.
1866:
1851:
1788:
1477:
1343:
1338:
1188:
1133:
1066:
1061:
1046:
1021:
626:. Marshall Cavendish International (Asia) Private Limited. p. 38.
552:"Volatile Components of Coconut Fresh Sap, Sap Syrup and Coconut Sugar"
340:
if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
125:
The brown colour which develops as the sap is reduced is mostly due to
47:
1421:
137:
Coconut sugar is widely used in Sri Lanka as an unrefined syrup or as
1925:
1920:
1810:
1798:
1773:
1732:
1360:
1283:
1278:
1230:
1168:
1026:
993:
956:
477:
173:
68:
168:. Some Indonesian foodstuffs are made with coconut sugar, including
1783:
1365:
1243:
1183:
951:
450:
442:
195:
1930:
1841:
1487:
1455:
1386:
1313:
1263:
1203:
1178:
988:
983:
978:
961:
489:
457:. Presumably due to the heat during cooking, it further contains
446:
438:
434:
203:
191:
177:
138:
94:
Coconut sugar comes in crystal or granule form, block or liquid.
623:
Growing Up In A Nyonya
Kitchen: Singapore Recipes from my Mother
599:"Coconut sugar: Is it healthier than white sugar, or just hype?"
495:
1888:
1876:
1348:
1293:
966:
248:
513:
511:
498:, a Filipino traditional alcoholic drink made from coconut sap
19:
1333:
1268:
1158:
1083:
922:
492:, a form of brown sugar, is sometimes made from coconut sugar
199:
119:
103:
811:
770:
508:
1401:
57:
Other types of palm sugar are made from the kithul palm (
236:, a Goan Catholic sweet dish prepared with coconut sugar
723:. American Diabetes Association. 2015. Archived from
50:
produced from the sap of the flower bud stem of the
468:(GI) of 35 for coconut sugar was reported by the
2002:
107:
689:. Partridge Publishing Singapore. p. 254.
652:
650:
251:; the green flecks within the rice derive from
112:(Indonesia), and as coconut toddy (Sri Lanka),
676:
336:Please review the contents of the section and
297:
907:
613:
647:
164:refers to palm sugar specifically made from
1728:Slavery in the British and French Caribbean
921:
914:
900:
285:Coconut sugar is subtly sweet almost like
113:
592:
590:
588:
586:
549:
545:
543:
541:
539:
445:(3–9% each). Coconut sugar also contains
206:and cakes of the Southeast Asian region.
656:
18:
744:
461:in comparatively high concentrations.
2003:
596:
583:
536:
895:
745:Shallow, Parvati (6 November 2014).
715:
713:
659:"Confessions of a Palm Sugar Addict"
657:Eckhardt, Robyn (January 10, 2017).
301:
16:Sugar produced from the coconut palm
682:
619:
280:
13:
14:
2027:
1837:Australian Aboriginal sweet foods
933:List of sugars and sugar products
850:"Glycemic index of coconut sugar"
710:
1985:
1984:
1975:
1974:
402:
306:
275:Klepon, with palm sugar filling.
268:
241:
226:
211:
867:
842:
132:
819:"Glycemic Index of Coco Sugar"
789:10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108832
764:
747:"The trendiest foods for 2015"
738:
338:add the appropriate references
89:
1:
502:
470:Philippine Coconut Authority
202:dishes, but mainly in local
7:
483:
319:reliable medical references
298:Nutrition and health claims
114:
10:
2032:
1723:Reciprocity Treaty of 1875
1703:Demerara rebellion of 1823
1683:1811 German Coast uprising
1289:Non-centrifugal cane sugar
565:(1): 45–49. Archived from
1970:
1939:
1829:
1761:
1673:
1643:
1511:
1448:
1439:
1379:
1217:
1082:
1075:
1014:
939:
930:
325:or relies too heavily on
2016:Foods containing coconut
1149:High-fructose corn syrup
152:coconut sugar is called
1698:Colonial molasses trade
1154:High-maltose corn syrup
597:Beck L (16 June 2014).
1958:Pure, White and Deadly
1738:Sugar Duties Acts 1846
1644:By region (historical)
601:. The Globe & Mail
218:A bowl of gula melaka
180:(a meat preparation).
108:
24:
1748:Taiwan Sugar Railways
1688:Amelioration Act 1798
686:Malacca Reminiscences
433:of coconut sugar are
44:coconut blossom sugar
22:
1427:Unrefined sweeteners
1249:Crystalline fructose
1164:Inverted sugar syrup
721:"Coconut palm sugar"
474:University of Sydney
330:, specifically: see
253:glutinous rice flour
156:(Javanese sugar) or
1512:By region (current)
1412:Sugar confectionery
160:(red sugar), while
23:Brown coconut sugar
1916:Sweetened beverage
1743:Sugar Intervention
1651:Danish West Indies
1633:U.S. Sugar Program
1392:Cotton candy floss
1299:Plantation Reserve
1194:Steen's cane syrup
559:ASEAN Food Journal
550:Purnomo H (2007).
417:is similar to the
259:and flavored with
150:Indonesian cuisine
36:coconut palm sugar
25:
1998:
1997:
1847:Blood sugar level
1713:Leith Sugar House
1669:
1668:
1628:Sugar Association
1435:
1434:
1397:Maple sugar foods
1102:Barley malt syrup
925:as food commodity
696:978-1-4828-5489-3
633:978-981-4435-00-0
411:
410:
387:
141:, referred to as
2023:
1988:
1987:
1978:
1977:
1911:Sugar substitute
1753:Triangular trade
1446:
1445:
1107:Brown rice syrup
1080:
1079:
916:
909:
902:
893:
892:
887:
886:
884:
882:
875:"Glycemic index"
871:
865:
864:
862:
861:
846:
840:
839:
837:
836:
830:
823:
815:
809:
808:
768:
762:
761:
759:
757:
742:
736:
735:
733:
732:
717:
708:
707:
705:
703:
683:Loh, A. (2015).
680:
674:
673:
671:
669:
654:
645:
644:
642:
640:
620:Wee, S. (2012).
617:
611:
610:
608:
606:
594:
581:
580:
578:
577:
571:
556:
547:
534:
533:
531:
530:
521:. Archived from
515:
429:. The principal
406:
405:
397:
394:
388:
386:
345:
310:
309:
302:
281:Taste and flavor
272:
245:
230:
215:
117:
111:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1966:
1935:
1894:Sugar addiction
1825:
1816:Sugar sculpture
1757:
1665:
1639:
1616:Tate & Lyle
1607:United Kingdom
1524:Bundaberg Sugar
1507:
1503:Sugar marketing
1431:
1417:Sugarcane juice
1375:
1213:
1071:
1010:
935:
926:
920:
890:
880:
878:
873:
872:
868:
859:
857:
848:
847:
843:
834:
832:
828:
821:
817:
816:
812:
769:
765:
755:
753:
743:
739:
730:
728:
719:
718:
711:
701:
699:
697:
681:
677:
667:
665:
655:
648:
638:
636:
634:
618:
614:
604:
602:
595:
584:
575:
573:
569:
554:
548:
537:
528:
526:
517:
516:
509:
505:
486:
415:nutritive value
407:
403:
398:
392:
389:
352:"Coconut sugar"
346:
335:
327:primary sources
311:
307:
300:
283:
276:
273:
264:
246:
237:
231:
222:
216:
188:Southeast Asian
135:
118:(Thailand), or
92:
73:sugar date palm
30:(also known as
17:
12:
11:
5:
2029:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2011:Types of sugar
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1982:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1949:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1904:Residual sugar
1899:Sugars in wine
1896:
1891:
1886:
1884:Health effects
1881:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1859:
1857:Flavored syrup
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1821:Treacle mining
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1591:Tongaat Hulett
1588:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1483:Sugarcane mill
1480:
1475:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1458:
1452:
1450:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1274:Molasses sugar
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1092:List of syrups
1088:
1086:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1006:Reducing sugar
1003:
998:
997:
996:
991:
986:
981:
971:
970:
969:
964:
959:
954:
947:Monosaccharide
943:
941:
937:
936:
931:
928:
927:
919:
918:
911:
904:
896:
889:
888:
866:
841:
810:
763:
737:
709:
695:
675:
646:
632:
612:
582:
535:
506:
504:
501:
500:
499:
493:
485:
482:
466:glycemic index
419:empty calories
409:
408:
401:
399:
314:
312:
305:
299:
296:
282:
279:
278:
277:
274:
267:
265:
247:
240:
238:
232:
225:
223:
217:
210:
134:
131:
127:caramelization
115:namwan maphrao
91:
88:
40:coco sap sugar
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2028:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
1991:
1983:
1981:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1947:Robert Lustig
1945:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1623:United States
1621:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1611:British Sugar
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1407:Sugar alcohol
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1139:Glucose syrup
1137:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1117:Maesil-cheong
1115:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
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354: –
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315:This section
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28:Coconut sugar
21:
1956:
1806:Sugar people
1794:Sugar packet
1718:Molasses Act
1693:Blackbirding
1586:Illovo Sugar
1581:South Africa
1534:Wilmar Sugar
1329:Butterscotch
1324:Barley sugar
1229:
1144:Golden syrup
1122:Mogwa-cheong
1041:
974:Disaccharide
879:. Retrieved
869:
858:. Retrieved
854:the original
844:
833:. Retrieved
826:the original
813:
780:
777:Food Control
776:
766:
754:. Retrieved
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729:. Retrieved
725:the original
700:. Retrieved
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567:the original
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523:the original
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323:verification
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257:sweet potato
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133:Culinary use
124:
96:
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65:Palmyra palm
58:
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52:coconut palm
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
26:
1952:John Yudkin
1862:Fruit syrup
1779:Sugar shack
1769:Added sugar
1708:Holing cane
1566:Philippines
1466:Casa-grande
1380:Other forms
1356:Sugar glass
1319:Sugar candy
1259:Gula melaka
1239:Candi sugar
1218:Solid forms
1209:Yacón syrup
1199:Table syrup
1174:Maple syrup
1127:Yuja-cheong
1097:Agave syrup
1032:Agave syrup
1001:Added sugar
455:amino acids
427:brown sugar
423:table sugar
317:needs more
291:table sugar
287:brown sugar
255:mixed with
184:Gula melaka
170:kecap manis
90:Manufacture
2005:Categories
1990:Production
1867:Date honey
1852:Cane knife
1789:Sugar nips
1478:Sugar bush
1461:Plantation
1449:Production
1344:Rock candy
1309:Preserving
1189:Pine honey
1134:Corn syrup
1022:Sugar beet
881:6 December
860:2015-02-22
835:2014-02-23
783:: 108832.
731:2014-11-06
576:2017-10-07
529:2018-12-13
503:References
437:(70–79%),
363:newspapers
174:soya sauce
158:gula merah
143:pol hakuru
81:sugar palm
48:palm sugar
32:coco sugar
1926:Sweetness
1921:Sweetener
1811:Sugar tit
1799:Sucrology
1774:Crop Over
1733:Sugar Act
1576:Sri Lanka
1561:Mauritius
1546:Caribbean
1519:Australia
1361:Sugarloaf
1279:Muscovado
1231:Peen tong
1169:Kuromitsu
1027:Sugarcane
994:Trehalose
957:Galactose
940:Chemistry
805:246031008
797:0956-7135
756:1 October
702:April 22,
668:April 22,
639:April 22,
478:Australia
421:found in
332:talk page
172:(a sweet
166:aren palm
162:gula aren
154:gula jawa
77:sago palm
69:date palm
1980:Category
1940:Research
1784:Sugaring
1598:Tanzania
1473:Refinery
1441:Industry
1366:Wasanbon
1304:Powdered
1244:Chancaca
1184:Molasses
1076:Products
1052:Honeydew
952:Fructose
751:CBS News
484:See also
451:inositol
443:fructose
204:desserts
196:Malaysia
1931:Vinasse
1842:Bagasse
1830:Related
1762:Culture
1675:History
1488:Engenho
1456:Boilery
1422:Tuzemák
1387:Caramel
1314:Sucanat
1264:Jaggery
1254:Gelling
1204:Treacle
1179:Mizuame
1042:Coconut
1015:Sources
989:Sucrose
984:Maltose
979:Lactose
962:Glucose
490:Jaggery
447:mannose
439:glucose
435:sucrose
377:scholar
342:removed
234:Patoleo
192:Malacca
178:dendeng
139:jaggery
79:or the
46:) is a
1961:(1972)
1889:Nectar
1877:Jallab
1661:Hawaii
1603:Uganda
1571:Rwanda
1349:Toffee
1294:Panela
1112:Cheong
1084:Syrups
967:Xylose
803:
795:
693:
663:Saveur
630:
605:30 May
441:, and
379:
372:
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358:
350:
261:pandan
249:Klepon
200:savory
176:) and
99:spadix
75:, the
71:, the
67:, the
1872:Grape
1556:India
1551:Kenya
1498:Zafra
1493:Batey
1371:White
1334:Candy
1269:Misri
1225:Brown
1159:Honey
1057:Maple
1037:Birch
923:Sugar
829:(PDF)
822:(PDF)
801:S2CID
570:(PDF)
555:(PDF)
384:JSTOR
370:books
186:is a
120:lagbi
104:neera
1656:Fiji
1541:Cuba
1339:Hard
1067:Malt
1062:Palm
1047:Date
883:2017
793:ISSN
758:2017
704:2017
691:ISBN
670:2017
641:2017
628:ISBN
607:2015
496:Tubâ
453:and
356:news
321:for
220:sago
109:nira
1529:CSR
1402:Rum
1284:Nib
785:doi
781:135
425:or
148:In
106:or
63:),
42:or
2007::
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263:.
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