1987:
2001:
31:
191:. This code was the exclusive and exhaustive statement of Chinese law between 1644 and 1912. Though it was in form a criminal code, large parts of the code dealt with civil law matters and the settlement of civil disputes. The code ceased its operation upon the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912, but significant provisions remained in operation in
367:
In the
Americas, the influence of Continental legal codes has manifest itself in two ways. In civil law jurisdictions, legal codes in the Continental tradition are common. In common law jurisdictions, however, there has been a strong trend towards codification. The result of such codification,
87:
and other common law countries that have adopted similar legislative practices, a code of law is a standing body of statute law on a particular area, which is added to, subtracted from, or otherwise modified by individual legislative enactments.
161:
of
Justinian, also known as the Justinian Code (429–534 AD). However, these law codes did not exhaustively describe the Roman legal system. The Twelve Tables were limited in scope, and most legal doctrines were developed by the
183:. This, and subsequent imperial codes, formed the basis for the penal system of both China and other East Asian states under its cultural influence. The last and best preserved imperial code is the
559:
57:. It is a type of legislation that purports to exhaustively cover a complete system of laws or a particular area of law as it existed at the time the code was enacted, by a process of
695:
216:), or through processing by jurists. The accepted Roman law is usually then codified and forms part of the central Code. The codification movement gathered pace after the rise of
168:, who interpreted the tables to deal with situations far beyond what is contained therein. The Justinian Code collected together existing legal material at the time.
404:
is a common feature in many legal systems. Codification of the criminal law allows the criminal law to be more accessible and more democratically made and amended.
585:
2053:
83:, codes modify the existing common law only to the extent of its express or implicit provision, but otherwise leaves the common law intact. In the
307:
The
Continental civil law tradition spread around the world along with European cultural and military dominance in recent centuries. During the
288:
civilizations developed their own legal traditions, sometimes codifying them through consistent oral tradition, as illustrated e.g. by the
703:
474:
611:
110:) provide the earliest known evidence of a law code, dating back to 2400 BC. In addition, The UrukAgina Law Code (2380–2360 BC), the
1968:
784:
278:
102:
The legal code was a common feature of the legal systems of the ancient Middle East. Tablets discovered in the ancient city of
244:
738:
524:
514:
2046:
262:
750:
792:
337:, and also influenced by the Japanese code. This new tradition has been largely maintained in the legal system of the
2135:
1394:
952:
851:
324:
72:
In a civil law country, a code of law typically exhaustively covers the complete system of law, such as civil law or
1508:
1377:
574:
2039:
1963:
1310:
1211:
212:, became the basis of the legal systems of many countries. Roman law was either adopted by legislation (becoming
1470:
1104:
776:
730:
433:
300:
in 1222–1236, enumerating regulations in both constitutional and civil matters, and transmitted to this day by
823:
338:
1630:
1109:
372:
largely codifies common law doctrine and is very different in form and content from all other civil codes.
1625:
266:
97:
2076:
1600:
1099:
333:
253:
1683:
1478:
1460:
385:
66:
1812:
2140:
1853:
1640:
1129:
1114:
768:
2081:
1908:
1893:
428:
274:
270:
20:
319:(1898), based primarily on the French civil code and influenced by the German code. After the
2012:
1605:
1283:
1094:
369:
184:
2130:
1733:
1079:
667:
208:
157:
122:
603:
368:
however, is not always a legal code as found in civil law jurisdictions. For example, the
8:
1888:
1028:
945:
413:
316:
221:
388:
systems. The legal code typically covers exhaustively the entire system of private law.
2086:
1703:
1362:
1216:
1201:
1179:
923:
903:
856:
846:
58:
132:(c. 1760 BC), are among the earliest and best preserved legal codes, originating from
1688:
1610:
1448:
1191:
1186:
1139:
1064:
1058:
898:
816:
734:
726:
541:
520:
320:
308:
129:
468:
80:
1693:
1660:
1159:
1023:
1018:
983:
549:
258:
118:
114:
1942:
1915:
1903:
1883:
1817:
1795:
1775:
1770:
1750:
1615:
1595:
1590:
1493:
1453:
1164:
1089:
1013:
998:
918:
643:
443:
289:
232:
35:
554:
2108:
2019:
1827:
1745:
1334:
1300:
1251:
1236:
1008:
913:
893:
883:
196:
62:
61:. Though the process and motivations for codification are similar in different
670:
19:
This article is about exhaustive legislations. For municipal regulations, see
2124:
1873:
1832:
1718:
1698:
1670:
1620:
1585:
1559:
1554:
1547:
1498:
1438:
1278:
1268:
1226:
1149:
1144:
1074:
1033:
957:
463:
397:
349:
152:
84:
489:
478:. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 632–634.
2005:
1755:
1723:
1678:
1416:
1411:
1382:
1295:
1273:
1241:
1174:
1154:
1048:
988:
978:
930:
888:
866:
809:
418:
327:
government abandoned the imperial code tradition and instead adopted a new
217:
213:
195:
until well into the 1970s due to a peculiar interaction between it and the
188:
180:
148:
73:
2102:
2031:
1927:
1868:
1858:
1655:
1650:
1488:
1389:
1305:
1231:
1196:
1119:
1043:
993:
908:
438:
297:
137:
24:
1991:
1920:
1800:
1738:
1483:
1404:
1399:
1357:
1339:
1327:
1288:
1134:
1124:
1084:
1069:
1053:
1003:
940:
935:
401:
381:
345:
328:
225:
79:
By contrast, in a common law country with legislative practices in the
759:
1898:
1863:
1805:
1780:
1645:
1542:
1530:
1515:
1503:
1431:
1349:
1322:
1206:
353:
203:
192:
176:
1986:
1947:
1932:
1635:
1520:
1317:
861:
423:
357:
164:
30:
1837:
1785:
1765:
1713:
1525:
1443:
1259:
1221:
1169:
361:
293:
248:
240:
126:
54:
1937:
1790:
1535:
1426:
1421:
1367:
1038:
625:
285:
229:
1878:
1822:
1728:
1569:
1372:
871:
696:"La première déclaration des droits de l'Homme est africaine"
312:
301:
172:
133:
111:
107:
16:
Legislation that purports to cover a complete system of laws
1760:
1708:
1564:
962:
878:
723:
Crime and
Punishment in Ancient China: The Tang Yin Pi Shih
490:"Law code | Ancient Legal Systems & Modern Legislation"
467:
141:
103:
832:
542:"Mesopotamian Law Codes: The Human Roots of Moses's Laws"
261:. The European codifications of the 1800s influenced the
151:, a number of codifications were developed, such as the
626:"The Code of Lipit-Ishtar | by Francis R. Steele, 1948"
801:
352:
is found in a number of common law jurisdictions in
344:
Meanwhile, codifications also became more common in
572:
121:(approximately 100 years before Lipit-Ishtar), the
671:"Master Page on the Pio-Benedictine Code of 1917"
2122:
175:, the first comprehensive criminal code was the
155:of Roman law (first compiled in 450 BC) and the
34:First page of the 1804 original edition of the
516:Mesopotamia: The World's Earliest Civilization
2047:
817:
760:Code of Laws of the United States of America
187:, created in 1644 upon the founding of the
2061:
2054:
2040:
824:
810:
575:"Law and Authority in Ancient Mesopotamia"
553:
1969:History of the American legal profession
462:
29:
2123:
539:
512:
279:Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches
2035:
805:
601:
277:and whose Eastern counterpart is the
702:. September 7, 2008. Archived from
573:Basim Fuad Musallam (Summer 1965).
519:. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc.
245:Allgemeines BĂĽrgerliches Gesetzbuch
69:systems, their usage is different.
13:
666:
614:from the original on Jul 13, 2023.
591:from the original on Jul 13, 2023.
562:from the original on Jul 13, 2023.
331:strongly influenced by the German
14:
2152:
953:Restitution and unjust enrichment
744:
360:, and continues to be debated in
23:. For the television series, see
2000:
1999:
1985:
391:
53:, is a systematic collection of
1964:History of the legal profession
688:
513:Kuiper, Kathleen (2010-08-15).
660:
636:
618:
595:
566:
533:
506:
482:
456:
434:List of national legal systems
1:
777:contemporary French law codes
540:Wilkin, Stanley (June 2019).
449:
375:
793:Connecticut General Statutes
644:"Cuneiform law | legal body"
384:typically forms the core of
106:(Tell Mardikh in modern-day
7:
700:africamix - Blog LeMonde.fr
555:10.13140/RG.2.2.34598.78408
407:
179:, created in 624 AD in the
98:List of ancient legal codes
10:
2157:
1631:International legal theory
1110:International slavery laws
1105:International human rights
1100:International criminal law
339:People's Republic of China
323:of 1911 in China, the new
273:which was replaced by the
95:
91:
18:
2095:
2069:
1979:
1956:
1846:
1684:Administration of justice
1669:
1578:
1469:
1348:
1250:
971:
839:
2136:Civil law (legal system)
1461:Basic structure doctrine
1311:Natural and legal rights
1192:Public international law
348:systems. For example, a
125:(1934–1924 BC), and the
1641:Principle of typicality
1115:International trade law
831:
648:Encyclopedia Britannica
475:Encyclopædia Britannica
334:BĂĽrgerliches Gesetzbuch
254:BĂĽrgerliches Gesetzbuch
25:Code of Law (TV series)
2063:Legal codes by country
725:. Orchid Press, 2007.
604:"The Laws of Eshnunna"
602:Yaron, Reuven (1988).
429:Legal code (municipal)
275:1983 Code of Canon Law
271:1917 Code of Canon Law
38:
21:legal code (municipal)
1636:Principle of legality
1395:Delegated legislation
1095:Intellectual property
755:The Roman Law Library
370:California Civil Code
224:. Prominent national
185:Great Qing Legal Code
33:
1854:Barristers' chambers
1796:Legal representation
1734:Justice of the peace
1080:Financial regulation
785:Louisiana Civil Code
222:Treaty of Westphalia
209:Corpus Juris Civilis
158:Corpus Juris Civilis
123:Code of Lipit-Ishtar
119:the Code of Eshnunna
1889:Election commission
1601:Expressive function
1130:Landlord–tenant law
1029:Consumer protection
772:napoleon-series.org
414:Code (cryptography)
199:common law system.
117:(c. 2100–2050 BC),
1847:Legal institutions
1714:Lawsuit/Litigation
1704:Dispute resolution
1509:Catholic canon law
1217:State of emergency
1180:Will and testament
904:Law of obligations
857:Constitutional law
847:Administrative law
780:legifrance.gouv.fr
296:proclaimed by the
267:Catholic canon law
257:) of 1900 and the
39:
2118:
2117:
2029:
2028:
1689:Constitutionalism
1611:Law and economics
1449:Act of parliament
1187:Product liability
1140:Legal archaeology
1065:Environmental law
1059:Entertainment law
899:International law
788:legis.state.la.us
751:Codex Iustinianus
739:978-974-524-091-9
668:Peters, Edward N.
526:978-1-61530-112-6
325:Republic of China
321:Xinhai Revolution
309:Meiji Restoration
269:resulting in the
233:Napoleonic Code (
206:, especially the
130:Code of Hammurabi
81:English tradition
2148:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2033:
2032:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1990:
1989:
1813:Question of fact
1694:Criminal justice
1024:Construction law
1019:Conflict of laws
984:Agricultural law
826:
819:
812:
803:
802:
721:van Gulik, R.H.
715:
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712:
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664:
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582:AUB ScholarWorks
579:
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563:
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537:
531:
530:
510:
504:
503:
501:
500:
486:
480:
479:
471:
460:
115:Code of Ur-Nammu
45:, also called a
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2155:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2091:
2065:
2060:
2030:
2025:
1998:
1984:
1975:
1952:
1943:Political party
1916:Legal education
1904:Law enforcement
1884:Court of equity
1842:
1818:Question of law
1771:Practice of law
1751:Judicial review
1665:
1616:Legal formalism
1596:Comparative law
1591:Contract theory
1574:
1494:Legal pluralism
1465:
1454:Act of Congress
1378:Executive order
1344:
1246:
1165:Nationality law
1090:Immigration law
1014:Competition law
967:
835:
830:
769:Napoleonic Code
764:law.cornell.edu
747:
719:
718:
709:
707:
694:
693:
689:
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461:
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452:
444:Visigothic Code
410:
394:
378:
290:Kouroukan Fouga
247:) of 1812, the
100:
94:
36:Napoleonic Code
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2154:
2144:
2143:
2141:Sources of law
2138:
2133:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2109:Norwegian Code
2106:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2084:
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2067:
2066:
2059:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2036:
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2026:
2024:
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2016:
2009:
1995:
1992:Law portal
1980:
1977:
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1974:
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1866:
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1828:Trial advocacy
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1365:
1360:
1358:Ballot measure
1354:
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1343:
1342:
1337:
1335:Legal treatise
1332:
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1315:
1314:
1313:
1303:
1301:Letters patent
1298:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1262:
1256:
1254:
1252:Sources of law
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1237:Unenforced law
1234:
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1021:
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1011:
1009:Commercial law
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745:External links
743:
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532:
525:
505:
481:
466:, ed. (1911).
464:Chisholm, Hugh
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315:adopted a new
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2087:United States
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1874:Civil society
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1833:Trier of fact
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1719:Legal opinion
1717:
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1700:
1699:Court-martial
1697:
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1671:Jurisprudence
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1560:Statutory law
1558:
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1555:Socialist law
1553:
1549:
1548:Byzantine law
1546:
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1499:Religious law
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1679:Adjudication
1579:Legal theory
1417:Ratification
1412:Promulgation
1383:Proclamation
1363:Codification
1296:Human rights
1284:Divine right
1274:Constitution
1264:
1242:Women in law
1160:Military law
1155:Marriage law
1150:Maritime law
1049:Election law
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931:Property law
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1651:Rule of law
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1489:Chinese law
1390:Legislation
1340:Regulations
1328:Law reports
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1202:Reparations
1197:Refugee law
1120:Jurimetrics
1061:(Media law)
999:Banking law
994:Amnesty law
972:Disciplines
909:Private law
795:(2013 Ed.)
439:Source code
298:Mali Empire
284:Meanwhile,
259:Swiss codes
226:civil codes
202:In Europe,
171:In ancient
138:Mesopotamia
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2125:Categories
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1526:Jewish law
1484:Common law
1405:Rulemaking
1400:Regulation
1350:Law making
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1265:Legal code
1212:Sports law
1135:Law of war
1085:Health law
1070:Family law
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936:Public law
797:cga.ct.gov
762:(US Code)
731:9745240915
710:2009-03-27
653:2020-05-26
499:2023-12-08
494:Britannica
450:References
402:penal code
382:civil code
376:Civil code
346:common law
329:civil code
317:Civil Code
235:code civil
220:after the
165:pontifices
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386:civil law
354:Australia
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193:Hong Kong
177:Tang Code
67:civil law
2096:Obsolete
2006:Category
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884:Doctrine
862:Contract
680:July 15,
612:Archived
586:Archived
560:Archived
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358:Americas
356:and the
241:Austrian
112:Sumerian
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2020:Outline
1957:History
1864:The bar
1838:Verdict
1786:Counsel
1766:Justice
1621:History
1444:Statute
1260:Charter
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362:England
294:charter
286:African
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1938:Police
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230:French
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1879:Court
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1570:Yassa
1373:Edict
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872:Crime
753:Site
589:(PDF)
578:(PDF)
313:Japan
173:China
140:(now
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