1514:
4689:
1334:
6821:
4682:
3186:
1487:
4011:
1191:, defined by Andrea Cau in 2018, includes all coelurosaurians more closely related to birds than to tyrannosauroids. Cau stated that the synapomorphies of the clade included "Keel or carinae in the postaxial cervical centra, absence of hyposphene-hypantra in caudal vertebrae (reversal to the plesiomorphic theropodan condition), a prominent dorsomedial process on the semilunate carpal, a convex ventral margin of the pubic foot, a subrectangular distal end of tibia and a sulcus along the posterior margin of the proximal end of fibula." Another proposed clade is
1509:
3997:
1456:
6273:
5477:
6259:
3990:
6266:
3192:
1303:
4696:
1425:
132:
181:
4004:
6834:
5495:
5483:
1395:
865:. Though it is unknown whether these are related to true feathers, recent analysis has suggested that the feather-like integument found in ornithischians may have evolved independently of coelurosaurs but this was estimated by assuming that primitive pterosaurs had scales. In 2018, two anurognathid specimens were found to have integumentary structures similar to protofeathers. Based on phylogenetic analysis, protofeathers would have had a common origin with
5502:
6828:
6253:
5490:
1609:
1273:
1365:
1174:, and all of its descendants". As tyrannosauroids are considered to be the most basal large group within Coelurosauria, this means that the common ancestor of tyrannosauroids and birds was an even more basal coelurosaurian. As a result, almost all coelurosaurians are also tyrannoraptorans, with the only exceptions being particularly basal species such as
818:. Fossil traces of feathers, though rare, have been found in members of most major coelurosaurian lineages. Most coelurosaurs also retained scales and scutes on some portion of their bodies, particularly the feet, though some primitive coelurosaurian species are known to have had scales on the upper legs and portions of the tail as well. These include
721:
had considered it likely and probable that all coelurosaurs were feathered. However, several skin impressions found for some members of this group show pebbly, scaly skin, indicating that feathers did not completely replace scales in all taxa. In the past, Coelurosauria was used to refer to all small
735:
The studying of anatomical traits in coelurosaurs indicates that the last common ancestor had evolved the ability to eat and digest plant matter, adapting to an omnivorous diet, an ability that could be a major contributor to the clade's success. Later groups would hold on to the omnivory, while
885:
and 3D reconstruction software. These finds are of evolutionary significance because they help document the emergence of the neurology of modern birds from that of earlier reptiles. An increase in the proportion of the brain occupied by the cerebrum seems to have occurred with the advent of the
1056:
of
Coelurosauria has been subject to intensive research and revision. For many years, Coelurosauria was a 'dumping ground' for all small theropods. In the 1960s several distinctive lineages of coelurosaurs were recognized, and a number of new infraorders were erected, including the
1143:, defined to include all theropods with a bird-like arrangement of the pectoral bones, where the angled shoulder girdle (coracoids) come in contact with the breastbone (sternum). According to Paul, ornithomimosaurs are the most
1195:, erected by Hendrickx, Mateus, Araújo and Choiniere (2019), They define it as "the clade Compsognathidae + Maniraptoriformes", which can be more or less inclusive than Maniraptoromorpha depending on the topology.
978:
in China at about 165-163 Ma. The wide range of fossils in the late
Jurassic and morphological evidence shows that coelurosaurian differentiation was virtually complete before the end of the Jurassic.
2378:
Schweitzer, M.H.; Watt, J.A.; Avci, R.; Knapp, L.; Chiappe, L.; Norell, M.; Marshall, M. (1999). "Beta-keratin specific immunological reactivity in feather-like structures of the
Cretaceous Alvarezsaurid,
2334:
Zelenitsky, D. K.; Therrien, F.; Erickson, G. M.; Debuhr, C. L.; Kobayashi, Y.; Eberth, D. A.; Hadfield, F. (2012). "Feathered Non-Avian
Dinosaurs from North America Provide Insight into Wing Origins".
1813:
Godefroit, Pascal; Cau, Andrea; Hu, Dong-Yu; Escuillié, François; Wu, Wenhao; Dyke, Gareth (2013). "A Jurassic avialan dinosaur from China resolves the early phylogenetic history of birds".
2586:
1089:. Senter (2007) listed 59 different published phylogenies since 1984. Those since 2005 have followed almost the same pattern, and differ significantly from many older phylogenies.
1912:
Turner, A.H., Makovicky, P.J., and Norell, M.A. 2012. A review of dromaeosaurid systematics and paravian phylogeny. Bulletin of the
American Museum of Natural History 371: 1–206.
1652:
Zhang, H.; Wang, M.; Liu, X. (2008). "Constraints on the upper boundary age of the
Tiaojishan Formation volcanic rocks in West Liaoning-North Hebei by LA-ICP-MS dating".
2571:
Zanno, L.E., Gillette, D.D., Albright, L.B., and Titus, A.L. (2009). "A new North
American therizinosaurid and the role of herbivory in 'predatory' dinosaur evolution."
2003:
Yang, Zixiao; Jiang, Baoyu; McNamara, Maria E.; Kearns, Stuart L.; Pittman, Michael; Kaye, Thomas G.; Orr, Patrick J.; Xu, Xing; Benton, Michael J. (December 17, 2018).
1513:
1187:
Several recently-named clades have been proposed to define the structure of
Coelurosauria crownward of basal groups such as tyrannosauroids and compsognathids.
994:
are coelurosaurs. Many of the coelurosaurian lineages survived to the end of the
Cretaceous period (about 66 Ma) and fossils of some lineages, such as the
1075:, or equivalent specifiers. Under this modern definition, many small theropods are not classified as coelurosaurs at all and some large theropods, such as the
2004:
1245:
The following family tree illustrates a synthesis of the relationships of the major coelurosaurian groups based on various studies conducted in the 2010s.
1135:
and all its descendants. The concept is now considered redundant, and the clade
Bullatosauria is now viewed as synonymous with Maniraptoriformes. In 2002,
1026:, otherwise known as modern birds, survived, and continued to diversify after the extinction of the other dinosaurs into the numerous forms found today.
2046:
6959:
1033:
definitions, birds are considered the only living lineage of coelurosaurs. Birds are classified by most paleontologists as belonging to the subgroup
2616:
881:
are known from fossils. Theropod endocrania can also be reconstructed from preserved braincases without damaging valuable specimens by using a
2285:"The distribution of dental features in non-avian theropod dinosaurs: Taxonomic potential, degree of homoplasy, and major evolutionary trends"
1069:. During the 1980s and 1990s, paleontologists began to give Coelurosauria a formal definition, usually as all animals closer to birds than to
6913:
1147:
members of this group. In 2010, Paul used Avepectora for a smaller clade, excluding ornithomimosaurs, compsognathids and alvarezsauroids.
2485:(Theropoda: Allosauroidea) and its implications for theropod brain evolution". In Tanke, D. H.; Carpenter, K.; Skrepnick, M. W. (eds.).
2396:
6964:
1111:. Holtz rejected this hypothesis in 1999, and most paleontologists now consider troodontids to be much more closely related to either
999:
1079:, were actually more advanced than allosaurs and therefore were reclassified as giant coelurosaurs. Even more drastically, the
2471:
4688:
4681:
2669:
1864:
6820:
1119:
than they are to ornithomimosaurs, causing the Bullatosauria to be abandoned. The name referred to the inflated (bulbous)
845:
Though once thought to be a feature exclusive to coelurosaurs, feathers or feather-like structures are also known in some
2648:
2510:
2547:
6918:
5476:
2157:
Holtz, T.R. Jr (1994). "The phylogenetic position of the Tyrannosauridae. Implications for theropod systematics".
4010:
3996:
2603:
2284:
6258:
2184:
6699:
3989:
3185:
5494:
3191:
2120:
6272:
1778:
Carrano, M.T.; Benson, R.B.J.; Sampson, S.D. (2012). "The phylogeny of Tetanurae (Dinosauria: Theropoda)".
1757:
4695:
1720:"Two new basal coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs from the Lower Cretaceous Sao Khua Formation of Thailand"
180:
1171:
4003:
1236:
of this clade is the presence of feathers homologous to those of birds, based on study of a specimen of
6265:
1123:
both groups shared. Holtz defined the group as the clade containing the most recent common ancestor of
1040:
A portion of a tail belonging to a juvenile coelurosaur was found in 2015, inside of a piece of amber.
5501:
2611:
6833:
1083:, once not even regarded as theropods, have turned out to be non-carnivorous coelurosaurs related to
882:
814:
Fossil evidence shows that the skin of even the most primitive coelurosaurs was covered primarily in
2736:
2250:
1029:
There is consensus among paleontologists that birds are descended from coelurosaurs. Under modern
998:, are best known from the late Cretaceous. A majority of coelurosaur groups became extinct in the
6891:
6827:
5482:
2641:
1934:
1875:
1333:
2463:
2457:
770:) carnivorous dinosaurs ever discovered. Characteristics that distinguish coelurosaurs include:
6931:
6853:
2539:
894:
A few fossil traces tentatively associated with the Coelurosauria date as far back as the late
918:
from the late Middle Jurassic. Many nearly complete fossil coelurosaurians are known from the
6954:
6926:
5207:
5119:
1144:
2531:
6900:
6785:
4896:
4864:
2556:
Senter, P. (2007). "A new look at the phylogeny of Coelurosauria (Dinosauria: Theropoda)."
2344:
1822:
1661:
1632:
1229:
6252:
8:
5220:
5007:
2530:
Padian, K (2004). "Basal Avialae". In Weishampel, D.B.; Dodson, P.; Osmólska, H. (eds.).
1622:
1219:
1096:
886:
Coelurosauria and "continued throughout the evolution of maniraptorans and early birds."
809:
714:
282:
5489:
2348:
2283:
Hendrickx, Christophe; Mateus, Octávio; Araújo, Ricardo; Choiniere, Jonah (2019-11-24).
1826:
1665:
6692:
5196:
5056:
4912:
4852:
4287:
4197:
4080:
2944:
2634:
2196:
Paul, G. S. (2010). The Princeton field guide to dinosaurs Princeton University Press.
1980:
1953:
1846:
1795:
1207:
1053:
959:
175:
1755:
Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages,
1486:
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6169:
5710:
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4494:
3844:
2923:
2543:
2532:
2467:
2431:
2419:
2400:
2360:
2316:
2231:
2180:
2121:"A new basal coelurosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Middle Jurassic of Siberia"
2104:
2083:
2027:
1985:
1838:
1704:
1481:
1455:
1211:
1100:
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1003:
942:
903:
741:
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397:
2211:
1799:
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6050:
5912:
5831:
5803:
5763:
5644:
5614:
5132:
4885:
4749:
4606:
4506:
4355:
4262:
4220:
3787:
3097:
2576:
2561:
2453:
2392:
2352:
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2296:
2265:
2223:
2099:
2019:
1975:
1967:
1850:
1830:
1787:
1727:
1700:
1669:
1614:
1328:
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1062:
1011:
1007:
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991:
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524:
376:
360:
2227:
2081:
6741:
6479:
6442:
6374:
6229:
6222:
6034:
5976:
5949:
5939:
5898:
5733:
5592:
5576:
5394:
5366:
5344:
5231:
5076:
4783:
4557:
4440:
4418:
4339:
4168:
4145:
4138:
4116:
4102:
4095:
4056:
3907:
3754:
3681:
3670:
3606:
3494:
3381:
2958:
2867:
2721:
2696:
1958:
1791:
1627:
1449:
1136:
1116:
1085:
1076:
986:, a superb range of coelurosaurian fossils (including avians) are known from the
964:
908:
899:
866:
830:
749:
737:
691:
576:
555:
545:
459:
384:
147:
40:
24:
2118:
1893:
6706:
6669:
6650:
6612:
6601:
6398:
6111:
6070:
6061:
6043:
6023:
5919:
5633:
5378:
5240:
5067:
5049:
4877:
4844:
4830:
4791:
4565:
4426:
4383:
4376:
4298:
4274:
4227:
4186:
4123:
4109:
3837:
3822:
3649:
3483:
3347:
3315:
3304:
3281:
3243:
3104:
3074:
2998:
2937:
2836:
1898:
1879:
1424:
1233:
1019:
1015:
857:
819:
665:
120:
2565:
2023:
1673:
902:
is fragmentary. The oldest known unambiguous members of Coelurosauria are the
131:
6948:
6876:
6748:
6594:
6555:
6534:
6413:
6406:
6333:
6127:
6100:
5958:
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5845:
5838:
5781:
5698:
5561:
5321:
5161:
4995:
4926:
4812:
4799:
4544:
4522:
4515:
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4452:
4404:
4328:
4064:
3855:
3829:
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3719:
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3614:
3599:
3585:
3544:
3510:
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3422:
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3161:
3154:
3081:
3051:
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2901:
2894:
2820:
2435:
2320:
2177:
Dinosaurs of the Air: The Evolution and Loss of Flight in Dinosaurs and Birds
2031:
1418:
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1160:
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1080:
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936:
924:
919:
754:
597:
492:
340:
330:
168:
164:
159:
141:
82:
2514:
2356:
1302:
778:(series of vertebrae that attach to the hips) longer than in other dinosaurs
6720:
6658:
6628:
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6541:
6519:
6511:
6391:
6383:
6363:
6078:
5989:
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2404:
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10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19990815)285:2<146::AID-JEZ7>3.0.CO;2-A
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1989:
1971:
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1224:
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1093:
930:
846:
449:
439:
312:
264:
1768:
Holtz, 2000. A new phylogeny of the carnivorous dinosaurs. Gaia. 15, 5-61.
1394:
6885:
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5107:
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3537:
3528:
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3089:
3067:
3060:
3019:
3011:
2987:
2972:
2951:
2859:
2851:
2269:
1691:
from the Early Jurassic of Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China".
1503:
1215:
1180:
1034:
824:
766:
760:
703:
586:
565:
513:
428:
404:
302:
153:
57:
2621:
2047:"Stunning fossils show pterosaurs had primitive feathers like dinosaurs"
2005:"Pterosaur integumentary structures with complex feather-like branching"
1834:
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6642:
6587:
6208:
6007:
5824:
5810:
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5747:
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5607:
5429:
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5175:
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4741:
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3779:
3734:
3712:
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3621:
3517:
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3365:
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3112:
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2311:
1071:
1030:
1023:
983:
878:
851:
684:
502:
470:
350:
238:
102:
67:
2251:"The assembly of the avian body plan: a 160-million-year long process"
2084:"Cranial osteology and phylogenetic position of the theropod dinosaur
6734:
6727:
6427:
6420:
6093:
6085:
6016:
5669:
5387:
4933:
4837:
4572:
4157:
4042:
4029:
3956:
3892:
3815:
3794:
3551:
3414:
3222:
3209:
3127:
2979:
2798:
2785:
2748:
2657:
1389:
1049:
970:
862:
251:
192:
107:
51:
6847:
1232:, and all descendants of that common ancestor." One of the possible
6870:
6318:
5726:
5719:
5691:
5584:
5084:
4465:
3801:
3628:
3389:
3026:
2705:
2681:
2538:(2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp.
1238:
948:
914:
895:
676:
673:
535:
481:
322:
225:
212:
97:
92:
77:
72:
62:
44:
20:
2459:
Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed
2420:"An overview of non-avian theropod discoveries and classification"
736:
others specialized in various directions, becoming insectivorous (
5859:
5621:
5351:
5254:
4579:
3900:
2301:
1687:
Barrett, P. M. (2009). "The affinities of the enigmatic dinosaur
1297:
1176:
1125:
815:
368:
112:
87:
6905:
2333:
690:
Coelurosauria is a subgroup of theropod dinosaurs that includes
6527:
6215:
3642:
2675:
2082:
Oliver W. M. Rauhut; Angela C. Milner; Scott Moore-Fay (2010).
1869:
1717:
1272:
775:
202:
2493:
Mayr, G., B. Pohl & D.S. Peters (2005). "A well-preserved
2282:
635:
5358:
5099:
5041:
2119:
A. O. Averianov; S. A. Krasnolutskii; S. V. Ivantsov (2010).
1358:
1203:
1151:
796:
792:
669:
2626:
1718:
Samanthi, A.; Chanthasit, P.; Martin Sander, P. (May 2019).
1198:
The last, and most exclusive of these proposed subclades is
647:
6791:
5401:
1112:
785:
722:
theropods, but this classification has since been amended.
707:
680:
656:
650:
638:
632:
2138:
626:
1364:
1222:, who defined it as "the most recent common ancestor of
2377:
2002:
1812:
139:
Six exemplar coelurosaurs (top left to bottom right):
2417:
1150:
Within Coelurosauria exists a slightly less inclusive
2411:
2088:(Woodward, 1910) from the Middle Jurassic of England"
2063:
1915:
644:
629:
623:
1935:"Meat-eating dinosaurs not so carnivorous after all"
1777:
1604:
898:. What has been found between then and the earliest
593:
582:
572:
561:
551:
541:
531:
520:
509:
498:
488:
477:
466:
455:
445:
435:
424:
393:
356:
346:
336:
318:
308:
298:
6200:
990:in Liaoning. All known theropod dinosaurs from the
641:
2418:Hendrickx, C.; Hartman, S.A.; Mateus, O. (2015).
6946:
6302:
6168:
2481:Larsson, H.C.E. (2001). "Endocranial anatomy of
2258:Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana
842:) also preserve feathers elsewhere on the body.
5642:
2575:, Published online before print July 15, 2009,
1711:
4166:
2720:
1206:which may have been united by the presence of
1158:. This clade was defined by Sereno (1999) as "
2642:
2209:
2179:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
1806:
834:. Fossils of at least some of these animals (
710:, the only known dinosaur group alive today.
5531:
2587:First Dinosaur Tail Found Preserved in Amber
2508:
2424:PalArch's Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1954:"Evolution of Dinosaur Epidermal Structures"
1651:
934:) is known from Bavaria at 155-150 Ma.
872:
4725:
4643:
3765:
2489:. Indiana University Press. pp. 19–33.
1771:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
752:). The group includes some of the largest (
653:
2649:
2635:
2248:
2203:
889:
877:Although rare, complete casts of theropod
717:discovered so far have been coelurosaurs.
668:, meaning "hollow-tailed lizards") is the
130:
2310:
2300:
2103:
2092:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
1979:
1731:
795:(lower leg bone) that is longer than the
6960:Extant Middle Jurassic first appearances
4040:
3955:
3220:
2796:
2169:
1740:
2480:
2242:
2128:Proceedings of the Zoological Institute
2069:
1951:
1686:
1099:found a close relationship between the
6947:
2529:
2452:
2144:
1921:
6852:
6851:
6290:
6289:
5518:
4712:
4027:
3207:
2783:
2668:
2630:
2156:
1000:Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
2462:. Indiana University Press. p.
2558:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
1780:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
13:
2573:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
2497:specimen with theropod features".
1002:, including the Tyrannosauroidea,
416:Coelurosaurs of uncertain affinity
14:
6976:
6965:Taxa named by Friedrich von Huene
5519:
2597:
1043:
6832:
6826:
6819:
6271:
6264:
6257:
6251:
5500:
5493:
5488:
5481:
5475:
4713:
4694:
4687:
4680:
4009:
4002:
3995:
3988:
3190:
3184:
2612:The Major Groups of Coelurosaurs
2105:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00591.x
2044:
1952:Barrett, Paul M. (3 June 2015).
1705:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00887.x
1607:
1512:
1507:
1485:
1454:
1423:
1393:
1363:
1332:
1301:
1271:
781:a tail stiffened towards the tip
619:
179:
55:
2622:Tree of Life Web: Coelurosauria
2446:
2385:Journal of Experimental Zoology
2371:
2327:
2276:
2190:
2150:
2112:
2075:
2038:
1996:
1945:
1927:
1906:
1210:and wings. This clade contains
1139:named an apomorphy-based clade
2511:"Re: What are these dinosaurs"
2012:Nature Ecology & Evolution
1886:
1857:
1762:
1680:
1645:
1:
4028:
3208:
2784:
2656:
2483:Carcharodontosaurus saharicus
2228:10.1126/science.284.5423.2137
1724:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
1638:
803:
2212:"The evolution of dinosaurs"
1792:10.1080/14772019.2011.630927
1753:Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2012)
962:in Wyoming at about 150 Ma.
7:
1600:
1170:(the house sparrow), their
730:
10:
6981:
2289:Palaeontologia Electronica
1181:Sciurumimus albersdoerferi
807:
725:
18:
6860:
6816:
6773:
6668:
6611:
6582:
6573:
6499:
6490:
6474:
6463:
6373:
6358:
6354:
6343:
6313:
6298:
6285:
6249:
6196:
6164:
6110:
6060:
6033:
6006:
5984:
5975:
5948:
5937:
5907:
5896:
5776:
5772:
5761:
5709:
5680:
5657:
5653:
5631:
5542:
5527:
5514:
5473:
5443:
5377:
5309:
5299:
5295:
5230:
5215:
5206:
5127:
5118:
5066:
5015:
5006:
4962:
4951:
4895:
4872:
4863:
4825:
4821:
4810:
4771:
4760:
4736:
4721:
4708:
4677:
4639:
4596:
4552:
4543:
4505:
4460:
4451:
4413:
4402:
4338:
4297:
4282:
4273:
4257:
4253:
4242:
4196:
4181:
4177:
4155:
4051:
4036:
4023:
3985:
3951:
3854:
3774:
3744:
3680:
3594:
3583:
3527:
3493:
3409:
3400:
3360:
3356:
3345:
3314:
3269:
3265:
3254:
3231:
3216:
3203:
3181:
3146:
3126:
3050:
3006:
2997:
2889:
2878:
2807:
2792:
2779:
2747:
2729:
2716:
2664:
2566:10.1017/S1477201907002143
2024:10.1038/s41559-018-0728-7
1899:Dictionary.com Unabridged
1689:Eshanosaurus deguchiianus
1674:10.1007/s11434-008-0287-4
1500:
1477:
1470:
1446:
1439:
1415:
1408:
1385:
1378:
1355:
1348:
1324:
1317:
1293:
1286:
1263:
1256:
1218:. The group was named by
1202:. Maniraptoriformes is a
873:Nervous system and senses
295:
290:
176:Scientific classification
174:
138:
129:
34:
2487:Mesozoic Vertebrate Life
2086:Proceratosaurus bradleyi
1654:Chinese Science Bulletin
955:Tanycolagreus topwilsoni
883:computed tomography scan
679:more closely related to
19:Not to be confused with
2357:10.1126/science.1225376
2159:Journal of Paleontology
1876:Oxford University Press
1107:, and named this group
958:are all known from the
890:Fossil evidence and age
706:; Maniraptora includes
389:(possibly polyphyletic)
2617:Palaeos: Coelurosauria
2605:Paleobiology Database:
2581:10.1098/rspb.2009.1029
2210:Sereno, P. C. (1999).
1972:10.1098/rsbl.2015.0229
1733:10.4202/app.00540.2018
6927:Paleobiology Database
5208:Carcharodontosaurinae
5120:Carcharodontosauridae
2198:Princeton, New Jersey
1872:UK English Dictionary
1758:Winter 2011 Appendix.
6201:Dubious coelurosaurs
4897:Metriacanthosaurinae
4865:Metriacanthosauridae
3147:Dubious neotheropods
2526:(on "Coelurosaurus")
2270:10.4435/BSPI.2018.01
1633:List of fossil birds
1172:last common ancestor
1092:In 1994, a study by
5221:Carcharodontosaurus
5008:Carcharodontosauria
2593:, December 8, 2016.
2591:National Geographic
2349:2012Sci...338..510Z
2249:Andrea Cau (2018).
2222:(5423): 2137–2147.
2175:Paul, G.S. (2002).
2147:, pp. 210–231.
1835:10.1038/nature12168
1827:2013Natur.498..359G
1666:2008SciBu..53.3574Z
1623:Feathered dinosaurs
1208:pennaceous feathers
974:are known from the
810:Feathered dinosaurs
744:) and carnivorous (
715:feathered dinosaurs
6693:Archaeornithomimus
5197:Veterupristisaurus
5057:Veterupristisaurus
4913:Metriacanthosaurus
4853:Piatnitzkysauridae
4288:Eustreptospondylus
4198:Piatnitzkysauridae
4081:Chuandongocoelurus
2945:Notatesseraeraptor
2509:George Olshevsky.
2505:(5753): 1483–1486.
1468:Maniraptoriformes
1346:Maniraptoromorpha
960:Morrison Formation
16:Clade of dinosaurs
6942:
6941:
6854:Taxon identifiers
6845:
6844:
6841:
6840:
6814:
6813:
6810:
6809:
6806:
6805:
6802:
6801:
6769:
6768:
6765:
6764:
6575:Macrocheiriformes
6492:Ornithomimosauria
6466:Maniraptoriformes
6459:
6458:
6305:Maniraptoromorpha
6292:Maniraptoromorpha
6281:
6280:
6247:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6239:
6238:
6192:
6191:
6188:
6187:
6170:Maniraptoromorpha
6160:
6159:
6156:
6155:
6152:
6151:
6148:
6147:
6144:
6143:
5892:
5891:
5757:
5756:
5711:Proceratosauridae
5663:Chingkankousaurus
5510:
5509:
5471:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5439:
5438:
5291:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5279:
5278:
5275:
5274:
5271:
5270:
4947:
4946:
4943:
4942:
4704:
4703:
4675:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4663:
4662:
4635:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4539:
4538:
4495:Vallibonavenatrix
4398:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4238:
4237:
4019:
4018:
3983:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3579:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3341:
3340:
3199:
3198:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3122:
3121:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2473:978-0-253-34595-0
2454:Currie, Philip J.
2343:(6106): 510–514.
1821:(7454): 359–362.
1660:(22): 3574–3584.
1597:
1596:
1588:
1587:
1579:
1578:
1570:
1569:
1561:
1560:
1552:
1551:
1543:
1542:
1534:
1533:
1525:
1524:
1482:Ornithomimosauria
1437:Neocoelurosauria
1200:Maniraptoriformes
1189:Maniraptoromorpha
1167:Passer domesticus
1161:Tyrannosaurus rex
1101:Ornithomimosauria
1059:Ornithomimosauria
1004:Ornithomimosauria
949:Coelurus fragilis
943:Hesperornithoides
940:, the troodontid
867:avemetatarsalians
788:(lower arm bone).
742:Therizinosauridae
612:
611:
607:
606:
398:Ornithomimosauria
390:
286:
124:
6972:
6935:
6934:
6922:
6921:
6909:
6908:
6896:
6895:
6894:
6881:
6880:
6879:
6849:
6848:
6836:
6830:
6823:
6679:Aepyornithomimus
6580:
6579:
6497:
6496:
6472:
6471:
6436:Sinocalliopteryx
6356:
6355:
6352:
6351:
6346:Neocoelurosauria
6311:
6310:
6300:
6299:
6287:
6286:
6275:
6268:
6261:
6255:
6198:
6197:
6166:
6165:
6135:Zhuchengtyrannus
6051:Thanatotheristes
5982:
5981:
5946:
5945:
5913:Appalachiosaurus
5905:
5904:
5774:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5764:Pantyrannosauria
5655:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5645:Tyrannosauroidea
5640:
5639:
5615:Xinjiangovenator
5540:
5539:
5529:
5528:
5516:
5515:
5504:
5497:
5492:
5485:
5479:
5307:
5306:
5297:
5296:
5213:
5212:
5133:Acrocanthosaurus
5125:
5124:
5013:
5012:
4960:
4959:
4886:Yangchuanosaurus
4870:
4869:
4823:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4769:
4768:
4750:Lourinhanosaurus
4734:
4733:
4723:
4722:
4710:
4709:
4698:
4691:
4684:
4641:
4640:
4607:Sigilmassasaurus
4550:
4549:
4507:Ceratosuchopsini
4458:
4457:
4411:
4410:
4356:Dubreuillosaurus
4280:
4279:
4263:Streptospondylus
4255:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4221:Piatnitzkysaurus
4179:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4164:
4163:
4049:
4048:
4038:
4037:
4025:
4024:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3953:
3952:
3788:Ekrixinatosaurus
3772:
3771:
3763:
3762:
3592:
3591:
3407:
3406:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3229:
3228:
3218:
3217:
3205:
3204:
3194:
3188:
3098:Procompsognathus
3004:
3003:
2887:
2886:
2805:
2804:
2794:
2793:
2781:
2780:
2727:
2726:
2718:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2666:
2665:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2628:
2627:
2553:
2537:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2513:. Archived from
2490:
2477:
2440:
2439:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2381:Shuvuuia deserti
2375:
2369:
2368:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2314:
2304:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2255:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2207:
2201:
2194:
2188:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2154:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2125:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2009:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1983:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1878:. Archived from
1861:
1855:
1854:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1760:
1751:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1649:
1617:
1615:Dinosaurs portal
1612:
1611:
1610:
1516:
1511:
1489:
1473:
1472:
1458:
1442:
1441:
1427:
1411:
1410:
1397:
1381:
1380:
1367:
1351:
1350:
1336:
1329:Tyrannosauroidea
1320:
1319:
1305:
1289:
1288:
1275:
1259:
1258:
1249:
1248:
1212:ornithomimosaurs
1193:Neocoelurosauria
1067:Oviraptorosauria
1063:Deinonychosauria
1012:Deinonychosauria
1008:Oviraptorosauria
996:Tyrannosauroidea
992:Yixian Formation
988:Yixian Formation
906:tyrannosauroids
849:dinosaurs (like
799:(upper leg bone)
758:) and smallest (
746:Tyrannosauroidea
740:), herbivorous (
719:Philip J. Currie
700:ornithomimosaurs
663:
662:
659:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
595:
584:
574:
563:
553:
543:
533:
525:Lourinhanosaurus
522:
511:
500:
490:
479:
468:
457:
447:
437:
426:
412:
411:
395:
388:
377:Tyrannosauroidea
361:Xinjiangovenator
358:
348:
338:
320:
310:
300:
281:
184:
183:
134:
118:
117:
54:
38:Temporal range:
32:
31:
6980:
6979:
6975:
6974:
6973:
6971:
6970:
6969:
6945:
6944:
6943:
6938:
6930:
6925:
6917:
6912:
6904:
6899:
6890:
6889:
6884:
6875:
6874:
6869:
6856:
6846:
6837:
6824:
6798:
6761:
6742:Sinornithomimus
6664:
6607:
6569:
6486:
6480:Compsognathidae
6468:
6455:
6443:Sinosauropteryx
6375:Compsognathidae
6369:
6348:
6339:
6307:
6294:
6277:
6276:
6262:
6235:
6230:Shanyangosaurus
6223:Phaedrolosaurus
6184:
6140:
6106:
6056:
6035:Daspletosaurini
6029:
6002:
5977:Tyrannosaurinae
5971:
5950:Albertosaurinae
5942:
5940:Tyrannosauridae
5933:
5901:
5899:Eutyrannosauria
5888:
5766:
5753:
5734:Proceratosaurus
5705:
5676:
5647:
5636:
5627:
5593:Richardoestesia
5577:Chilantaisaurus
5536:
5523:
5506:
5505:
5486:
5459:
5435:
5395:Australovenator
5373:
5367:Chilantaisaurus
5345:Phuwiangvenator
5267:
5232:Giganotosaurini
5226:
5202:
5114:
5077:Chilantaisaurus
5062:
5002:
4956:
4939:
4891:
4859:
4815:
4806:
4784:Monolophosaurus
4765:
4756:
4730:
4717:
4700:
4699:
4685:
4659:
4619:
4592:
4558:Camarillasaurus
4535:
4501:
4447:
4441:Ostafrikasaurus
4419:Camarillasaurus
4407:
4390:
4340:Afrovenatorinae
4334:
4293:
4269:
4247:
4234:
4192:
4171:
4169:Megalosauroidea
4160:
4151:
4146:Vectaerovenator
4139:Szechuanosaurus
4117:Monolophosaurus
4103:Kaijiangosaurus
4096:Cryolophosaurus
4057:Calamospondylus
4045:
4032:
4015:
4014:
4007:
4000:
3993:
3971:
3927:
3908:Pycnonemosaurus
3850:
3761:
3755:Majungasaurinae
3740:
3682:Majungasaurinae
3676:
3671:Xenotarsosaurus
3607:Dryptosauroides
3588:
3571:
3523:
3495:Elaphrosaurinae
3489:
3396:
3382:Ornithomimoides
3350:
3337:
3310:
3259:
3250:
3225:
3212:
3195:
3189:
3167:
3142:
3118:
3046:
2993:
2959:Shuangbaisaurus
2883:
2874:
2801:
2788:
2763:
2743:
2737:Avemetatarsalia
2722:Avemetatarsalia
2712:
2697:Avemetatarsalia
2671:
2670:
2660:
2655:
2600:
2550:
2520:
2518:
2474:
2449:
2444:
2443:
2416:
2412:
2376:
2372:
2332:
2328:
2281:
2277:
2253:
2247:
2243:
2208:
2204:
2195:
2191:
2174:
2170:
2155:
2151:
2143:
2139:
2123:
2117:
2113:
2080:
2076:
2068:
2064:
2055:
2053:
2045:Page, Micheal.
2043:
2039:
2007:
2001:
1997:
1966:(6): 20150229.
1959:Biology Letters
1950:
1946:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1811:
1807:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1752:
1741:
1716:
1712:
1685:
1681:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1628:Origin of birds
1613:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1598:
1589:
1580:
1571:
1562:
1553:
1544:
1535:
1526:
1459:
1450:Compsognathidae
1428:
1368:
1315:Tyrannoraptora
1276:
1177:Zuolong salleei
1137:Gregory S. Paul
1117:Dromaeosauridae
1086:Therizinosaurus
1046:
965:Epidendrosaurus
909:Proceratosaurus
904:proceratosaurid
900:Middle Jurassic
892:
875:
836:Scansoriopteryx
831:Scansoriopteryx
820:tyrannosauroids
812:
806:
750:Dromaeosauridae
738:Alvarezsauridae
733:
728:
672:containing all
622:
618:
608:
577:Shanyangosaurus
556:Richardoestesia
546:Phaedrolosaurus
460:Chilantaisaurus
417:
385:Compsognathidae
280:
178:
148:Sinosauropteryx
125:
116:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
49:
48:
41:Middle Jurassic
39:
36:
28:
25:Coelurosauravus
17:
12:
11:
5:
6978:
6968:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6940:
6939:
6937:
6936:
6923:
6910:
6897:
6882:
6866:
6864:
6858:
6857:
6843:
6842:
6839:
6838:
6818:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6811:
6808:
6807:
6804:
6803:
6800:
6799:
6797:
6796:
6795:
6794:
6788:
6779:
6777:
6771:
6770:
6767:
6766:
6763:
6762:
6760:
6759:
6752:
6745:
6738:
6731:
6724:
6717:
6710:
6707:Dromiceiomimus
6703:
6696:
6689:
6682:
6674:
6672:
6670:Ornithomimidae
6666:
6665:
6663:
6662:
6655:
6651:Paraxenisaurus
6647:
6639:
6632:
6625:
6617:
6615:
6613:Deinocheiridae
6609:
6608:
6606:
6605:
6602:Shenzhousaurus
6598:
6591:
6583:
6577:
6571:
6570:
6568:
6567:
6560:
6552:
6545:
6538:
6531:
6524:
6516:
6508:
6500:
6494:
6488:
6487:
6485:
6484:
6475:
6469:
6464:
6461:
6460:
6457:
6456:
6454:
6453:
6446:
6439:
6432:
6424:
6417:
6410:
6403:
6399:Beipiaognathus
6395:
6388:
6379:
6377:
6371:
6370:
6368:
6367:
6359:
6349:
6344:
6341:
6340:
6338:
6337:
6330:
6323:
6314:
6308:
6303:
6296:
6295:
6283:
6282:
6279:
6278:
6270:
6256:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6244:
6241:
6240:
6237:
6236:
6234:
6233:
6226:
6219:
6212:
6204:
6202:
6194:
6193:
6190:
6189:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6182:
6181:
6180:
6174:
6172:
6162:
6161:
6158:
6157:
6154:
6153:
6150:
6149:
6146:
6145:
6142:
6141:
6139:
6138:
6131:
6124:
6116:
6114:
6112:Tyrannosaurini
6108:
6107:
6105:
6104:
6097:
6090:
6082:
6075:
6071:Bistahieversor
6066:
6064:
6062:Teratophoneini
6058:
6057:
6055:
6054:
6047:
6044:Daspletosaurus
6039:
6037:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6027:
6024:Qianzhousaurus
6020:
6012:
6010:
6004:
6003:
6001:
6000:
5993:
5985:
5979:
5973:
5972:
5970:
5969:
5962:
5954:
5952:
5943:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5932:
5931:
5924:
5920:Bistahieversor
5916:
5908:
5902:
5897:
5894:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5887:
5886:
5878:
5871:
5864:
5856:
5849:
5842:
5835:
5828:
5821:
5814:
5807:
5800:
5792:
5785:
5777:
5767:
5762:
5759:
5758:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5751:
5744:
5737:
5730:
5723:
5715:
5713:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5703:
5695:
5687:
5685:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5674:
5666:
5658:
5648:
5643:
5637:
5634:Tyrannoraptora
5632:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5625:
5618:
5611:
5604:
5596:
5589:
5581:
5573:
5566:
5558:
5551:
5543:
5537:
5532:
5525:
5524:
5512:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5499:
5480:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5449:
5447:
5441:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5433:
5426:
5419:
5412:
5405:
5398:
5391:
5383:
5381:
5379:Megaraptoridae
5375:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5363:
5355:
5348:
5341:
5334:
5326:
5318:
5310:
5304:
5293:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5277:
5276:
5273:
5272:
5269:
5268:
5266:
5265:
5258:
5251:
5244:
5241:Giganotosaurus
5236:
5234:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5224:
5216:
5210:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5193:
5186:
5179:
5172:
5165:
5158:
5151:
5144:
5136:
5128:
5122:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5112:
5104:
5096:
5089:
5081:
5072:
5070:
5068:Neovenatoridae
5064:
5063:
5061:
5060:
5053:
5050:Ulughbegsaurus
5046:
5038:
5031:
5024:
5016:
5010:
5004:
5003:
5001:
5000:
4992:
4984:
4976:
4968:
4966:
4957:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4930:
4923:
4916:
4909:
4901:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4882:
4878:Xuanhanosaurus
4873:
4867:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4849:
4845:Xuanhanosaurus
4841:
4834:
4831:Asfaltovenator
4826:
4816:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4804:
4796:
4792:Megalosauridae
4788:
4780:
4772:
4766:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4746:
4737:
4731:
4726:
4719:
4718:
4706:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4693:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4657:
4656:
4655:
4649:
4647:
4637:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4610:
4602:
4600:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4569:
4566:Ichthyovenator
4562:
4553:
4547:
4541:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4526:
4519:
4511:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4491:
4483:
4476:
4469:
4461:
4455:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4437:
4430:
4427:Cristatusaurus
4423:
4414:
4408:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4396:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4384:Poekilopleuron
4380:
4377:Piveteausaurus
4373:
4366:
4359:
4352:
4344:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4325:
4318:
4311:
4303:
4301:
4299:Megalosaurinae
4295:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4283:
4277:
4275:Megalosauridae
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4258:
4248:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4228:Xuanhanosaurus
4224:
4217:
4210:
4202:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4190:
4187:Yunyangosaurus
4182:
4172:
4167:
4161:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4142:
4135:
4127:
4124:Pandoravenator
4120:
4113:
4110:Kayentavenator
4106:
4099:
4092:
4084:
4077:
4069:
4061:
4052:
4046:
4041:
4034:
4033:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3961:
3959:
3949:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3918:
3911:
3904:
3897:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3860:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3841:
3838:Skorpiovenator
3834:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3805:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3775:
3769:
3760:
3759:
3750:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3731:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3694:
3686:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3650:Spectrovenator
3646:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3603:
3595:
3589:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3533:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3514:
3507:
3499:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3484:Spinostropheus
3480:
3473:
3466:
3458:
3450:
3442:
3434:
3427:
3419:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3386:
3378:
3370:
3361:
3351:
3348:Abelisauroidea
3346:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3328:
3320:
3318:
3316:Ceratosauridae
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3305:Saltriovenator
3301:
3293:
3286:
3282:Fosterovenator
3278:
3270:
3260:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3244:Lophostropheus
3240:
3232:
3226:
3221:
3214:
3213:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3158:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3109:
3105:Pterospondylus
3101:
3094:
3086:
3078:
3075:Lucianovenator
3071:
3064:
3056:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3016:
3007:
3001:
2999:Coelophysoidea
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2984:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2938:Lophostropheus
2934:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2898:
2890:
2884:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2864:
2856:
2848:
2840:
2837:Erythrovenator
2833:
2825:
2817:
2808:
2802:
2797:
2790:
2789:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2753:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2730:
2724:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2699:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2662:
2661:
2654:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2599:
2598:External links
2596:
2595:
2594:
2584:
2569:
2554:
2548:
2534:The Dinosauria
2527:
2506:
2491:
2478:
2472:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2410:
2391:(2): 146–157.
2370:
2326:
2275:
2241:
2202:
2189:
2168:
2149:
2137:
2111:
2098:(1): 155–195.
2074:
2070:Larsson (2001)
2062:
2037:
1995:
1944:
1926:
1924:, p. 368.
1914:
1905:
1902:(Online). n.d.
1885:
1882:on 2020-08-01.
1856:
1805:
1786:(2): 211–300.
1770:
1761:
1739:
1710:
1699:(4): 681−688.
1679:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1453:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1422:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1384:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1292:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1270:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1247:
1234:synapomorphies
1156:Tyrannoraptora
1094:paleontologist
1077:tyrannosaurids
1045:
1044:Classification
1042:
1020:Hesperornithes
1016:Enantiornithes
891:
888:
874:
871:
858:Kulindadromeus
808:Main article:
805:
802:
801:
800:
789:
782:
779:
732:
729:
727:
724:
692:compsognathids
610:
609:
605:
604:
603:
602:
591:
580:
570:
559:
549:
539:
529:
518:
507:
496:
486:
475:
464:
453:
443:
433:
419:
418:
415:
410:
409:
408:
401:
391:
380:
372:
364:
354:
344:
334:
326:
316:
306:
293:
292:
291:Included taxa
288:
287:
275:
268:
267:
262:
255:
254:
249:
242:
241:
236:
229:
228:
223:
216:
215:
210:
206:
205:
200:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
172:
171:
136:
135:
127:
126:
121:Early Jurassic
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
37:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6977:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6952:
6950:
6933:
6928:
6924:
6920:
6915:
6911:
6907:
6902:
6898:
6893:
6892:Coelurosauria
6887:
6883:
6878:
6872:
6868:
6867:
6865:
6863:
6862:Coelurosauria
6859:
6855:
6850:
6835:
6831:
6829:
6822:
6793:
6789:
6787:
6783:
6782:
6781:
6780:
6778:
6776:
6772:
6758:
6757:
6753:
6751:
6750:
6749:Struthiomimus
6746:
6744:
6743:
6739:
6737:
6736:
6732:
6730:
6729:
6725:
6723:
6722:
6718:
6716:
6715:
6711:
6709:
6708:
6704:
6702:
6701:
6700:"Coelosaurus"
6697:
6695:
6694:
6690:
6688:
6687:
6683:
6681:
6680:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6671:
6667:
6661:
6660:
6656:
6653:
6652:
6648:
6645:
6644:
6640:
6638:
6637:
6633:
6631:
6630:
6626:
6624:
6623:
6619:
6618:
6616:
6614:
6610:
6604:
6603:
6599:
6597:
6596:
6595:Pelecanimimus
6592:
6590:
6589:
6585:
6584:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6572:
6566:
6565:
6561:
6558:
6557:
6556:Thecocoelurus
6553:
6551:
6550:
6546:
6544:
6543:
6539:
6537:
6536:
6535:Kinnareemimus
6532:
6530:
6529:
6525:
6522:
6521:
6517:
6514:
6513:
6509:
6507:
6506:
6502:
6501:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6489:
6482:
6481:
6477:
6476:
6473:
6470:
6467:
6462:
6452:
6451:
6447:
6445:
6444:
6440:
6438:
6437:
6433:
6430:
6429:
6425:
6423:
6422:
6418:
6416:
6415:
6414:Huaxiagnathus
6411:
6409:
6408:
6407:Compsognathus
6404:
6401:
6400:
6396:
6394:
6393:
6389:
6386:
6385:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6376:
6372:
6366:
6365:
6361:
6360:
6357:
6353:
6350:
6347:
6342:
6336:
6335:
6334:Ornitholestes
6331:
6329:
6328:
6324:
6321:
6320:
6316:
6315:
6312:
6309:
6306:
6301:
6297:
6293:
6288:
6284:
6274:
6269:
6267:
6260:
6254:
6232:
6231:
6227:
6225:
6224:
6220:
6218:
6217:
6213:
6211:
6210:
6206:
6205:
6203:
6199:
6195:
6178:
6177:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6171:
6167:
6163:
6137:
6136:
6132:
6130:
6129:
6128:Tyrannosaurus
6125:
6123:
6122:
6118:
6117:
6115:
6113:
6109:
6103:
6102:
6101:Teratophoneus
6098:
6096:
6095:
6091:
6088:
6087:
6083:
6081:
6080:
6076:
6073:
6072:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6063:
6059:
6053:
6052:
6048:
6046:
6045:
6041:
6040:
6038:
6036:
6032:
6026:
6025:
6021:
6019:
6018:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6009:
6005:
5999:
5998:
5994:
5992:
5991:
5987:
5986:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5974:
5968:
5967:
5963:
5961:
5960:
5959:Albertosaurus
5956:
5955:
5953:
5951:
5947:
5944:
5941:
5936:
5930:
5929:
5925:
5922:
5921:
5917:
5915:
5914:
5910:
5909:
5906:
5903:
5900:
5895:
5884:
5883:
5879:
5877:
5876:
5875:Xiongguanlong
5872:
5870:
5869:
5865:
5862:
5861:
5857:
5855:
5854:
5853:Suskityrannus
5850:
5848:
5847:
5846:Stokesosaurus
5843:
5841:
5840:
5839:Santanaraptor
5836:
5834:
5833:
5829:
5827:
5826:
5822:
5820:
5819:
5815:
5813:
5812:
5808:
5806:
5805:
5801:
5798:
5797:
5793:
5791:
5790:
5786:
5784:
5783:
5782:Alectrosaurus
5779:
5778:
5775:
5771:
5768:
5765:
5760:
5750:
5749:
5745:
5743:
5742:
5738:
5736:
5735:
5731:
5729:
5728:
5724:
5722:
5721:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5712:
5708:
5701:
5700:
5699:Tanycolagreus
5696:
5694:
5693:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5679:
5672:
5671:
5667:
5665:
5664:
5660:
5659:
5656:
5652:
5649:
5646:
5641:
5638:
5635:
5630:
5624:
5623:
5619:
5617:
5616:
5612:
5610:
5609:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5597:
5595:
5594:
5590:
5587:
5586:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5574:
5572:
5571:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5562:Bahariasaurus
5559:
5557:
5556:
5552:
5550:
5549:
5545:
5544:
5541:
5538:
5535:
5534:Coelurosauria
5530:
5526:
5522:
5521:Coelurosauria
5517:
5513:
5503:
5498:
5496:
5491:
5484:
5478:
5453:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5448:
5446:
5445:Coelurosauria
5442:
5432:
5431:
5427:
5425:
5424:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5406:
5404:
5403:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5380:
5376:
5370:
5368:
5364:
5362:
5360:
5356:
5354:
5353:
5349:
5347:
5346:
5342:
5340:
5339:
5335:
5332:
5331:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5322:Bahariasaurus
5319:
5317:
5316:
5312:
5311:
5308:
5305:
5302:
5298:
5294:
5264:
5263:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5245:
5243:
5242:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5233:
5229:
5223:
5222:
5218:
5217:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5205:
5199:
5198:
5194:
5192:
5191:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5180:
5178:
5177:
5173:
5171:
5170:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5162:Kelmayisaurus
5159:
5157:
5156:
5152:
5150:
5149:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5130:
5129:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5117:
5110:
5109:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5097:
5095:
5094:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5069:
5065:
5059:
5058:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5039:
5037:
5036:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5018:
5017:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5005:
4998:
4997:
4996:Saurophaganax
4993:
4990:
4989:
4985:
4982:
4981:
4977:
4975:
4974:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4965:
4961:
4958:
4955:
4950:
4936:
4935:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4927:Siamotyrannus
4924:
4922:
4921:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4898:
4894:
4888:
4887:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4875:
4874:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4855:
4854:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4828:
4827:
4824:
4820:
4817:
4814:
4813:Allosauroidea
4809:
4802:
4801:
4800:Spinosauridae
4797:
4794:
4793:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4774:
4773:
4770:
4767:
4764:
4759:
4752:
4751:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4739:
4738:
4735:
4732:
4729:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4711:
4707:
4697:
4692:
4690:
4683:
4653:
4652:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4616:
4615:
4611:
4609:
4608:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4599:
4595:
4589:
4588:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4555:
4554:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4545:Spinosaurinae
4542:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4523:Riparovenator
4520:
4518:
4517:
4516:Ceratosuchops
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4504:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4480:Riojavenatrix
4477:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4453:Baryonychinae
4450:
4443:
4442:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4416:
4415:
4412:
4409:
4406:
4405:Spinosauridae
4401:
4386:
4385:
4381:
4379:
4378:
4374:
4372:
4371:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4331:
4330:
4329:Wiehenvenator
4326:
4324:
4323:
4319:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4300:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4265:
4264:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4252:
4249:
4246:
4241:
4230:
4229:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4195:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4183:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4154:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4065:Chienkosaurus
4062:
4059:
4058:
4054:
4053:
4050:
4047:
4044:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4026:
4022:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3991:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3856:Furileusauria
3853:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3830:Rahiolisaurus
3827:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3746:Carnotaurinae
3743:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3727:Rahiolisaurus
3724:
3722:
3721:
3720:Majungasaurus
3717:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3657:Tarascosaurus
3654:
3652:
3651:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3615:Eoabelisaurus
3612:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3600:Chenanisaurus
3597:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3586:Abelisauridae
3582:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3545:Masiakasaurus
3542:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3511:Huinculsaurus
3508:
3506:
3505:
3504:Elaphrosaurus
3501:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3423:Austrocheirus
3420:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3344:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3275:Berberosaurus
3272:
3271:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3253:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3206:
3202:
3193:
3187:
3164:
3163:
3162:Halticosaurus
3159:
3157:
3156:
3155:Teinurosaurus
3152:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3082:Megapnosaurus
3079:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3052:Coelophysidae
3049:
3043:
3042:
3041:Powellvenator
3038:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2931:Liliensternus
2928:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2902:Dolichosuchus
2899:
2897:
2896:
2895:Dilophosaurus
2892:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2877:
2870:
2869:
2868:Herrerasauria
2865:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2821:Daemonosaurus
2818:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2782:
2778:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2652:
2647:
2645:
2640:
2638:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2607:Coelurosauria
2606:
2602:
2601:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2549:0-520-24209-2
2545:
2541:
2536:
2535:
2528:
2517:on 2007-12-09
2516:
2512:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2495:Archaeopteryx
2492:
2488:
2484:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2414:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2374:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2330:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2279:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2193:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2146:
2145:Padian (2004)
2141:
2133:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2087:
2078:
2072:, p. 19.
2071:
2066:
2052:
2051:New Scientist
2048:
2041:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1948:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1923:
1922:Currie (2005)
1918:
1909:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1894:"coelurosaur"
1889:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1871:
1866:
1865:"coelurosaur"
1860:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1809:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1774:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1693:Palaeontology
1690:
1683:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1648:
1644:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1605:
1593:
1592:
1584:
1583:
1575:
1574:
1566:
1565:
1557:
1556:
1548:
1547:
1539:
1538:
1530:
1529:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1475:
1474:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1451:
1444:
1443:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1419:Ornitholestes
1413:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1383:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1353:
1352:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1322:
1321:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1291:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1268:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1253:Coelurosauria
1251:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1216:maniraptorans
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1109:Bullatosauria
1106:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
982:In the early
980:
977:
976:Daohugou Beds
973:
972:
967:
966:
961:
957:
956:
951:
950:
945:
944:
939:
938:
937:Ornitholestes
933:
932:
927:
926:
925:Archaeopteryx
921:
920:Late Jurassic
917:
916:
911:
910:
905:
901:
897:
887:
884:
880:
870:
868:
864:
860:
859:
854:
853:
848:
847:ornithischian
843:
841:
838:and possibly
837:
833:
832:
827:
826:
821:
817:
811:
798:
794:
790:
787:
783:
780:
777:
773:
772:
771:
769:
768:
763:
762:
757:
756:
755:Tyrannosaurus
751:
747:
743:
739:
723:
720:
716:
711:
709:
705:
704:maniraptorans
701:
697:
693:
688:
686:
682:
678:
675:
671:
667:
661:
616:
615:Coelurosauria
600:
599:
598:Teinurosaurus
592:
589:
588:
581:
579:
578:
571:
568:
567:
560:
558:
557:
550:
548:
547:
540:
538:
537:
530:
527:
526:
519:
516:
515:
508:
505:
504:
497:
495:
494:
493:Huaxiagnathus
487:
484:
483:
476:
473:
472:
465:
462:
461:
454:
452:
451:
444:
442:
441:
434:
431:
430:
423:
422:
421:
420:
414:
413:
407:
406:
402:
400:
399:
392:
387:
386:
381:
379:
378:
373:
371:
370:
365:
363:
362:
355:
353:
352:
345:
343:
342:
341:Tanycolagreus
335:
333:
332:
331:Ornitholestes
327:
325:
324:
317:
315:
314:
307:
305:
304:
297:
296:
294:
289:
284:
279:
278:Coelurosauria
276:
273:
270:
269:
266:
263:
260:
257:
256:
253:
250:
247:
244:
243:
240:
237:
234:
231:
230:
227:
224:
221:
218:
217:
214:
211:
208:
207:
204:
201:
198:
197:
194:
191:
188:
187:
182:
177:
173:
170:
169:house sparrow
166:
165:Ronaldoraptor
162:
161:
160:Archaeopteryx
156:
155:
150:
149:
144:
143:
142:Tyrannosaurus
137:
133:
128:
122:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
53:
46:
42:
33:
30:
26:
22:
6955:Coelurosaurs
6861:
6825:
6754:
6747:
6740:
6733:
6726:
6721:Ornithomimus
6719:
6712:
6705:
6698:
6691:
6684:
6677:
6659:Tyrannomimus
6657:
6649:
6641:
6634:
6629:Deinocheirus
6627:
6620:
6600:
6593:
6586:
6562:
6554:
6549:Nqwebasaurus
6547:
6542:Nedcolbertia
6540:
6533:
6526:
6520:Calamosaurus
6518:
6512:Aviatyrannis
6510:
6503:
6478:
6448:
6441:
6434:
6426:
6419:
6412:
6405:
6397:
6392:Aristosuchus
6390:
6384:Aniksosaurus
6382:
6364:Aniksosaurus
6362:
6332:
6325:
6317:
6263:
6228:
6221:
6214:
6207:
6133:
6126:
6119:
6099:
6092:
6084:
6079:Dynamoterror
6077:
6069:
6049:
6042:
6022:
6015:
5995:
5990:Asiatyrannus
5988:
5964:
5957:
5928:Dryptosaurus
5926:
5918:
5911:
5880:
5873:
5866:
5858:
5851:
5844:
5837:
5830:
5823:
5818:Jinbeisaurus
5816:
5809:
5802:
5794:
5789:Aviatyrannis
5787:
5780:
5746:
5741:Sinotyrannus
5739:
5732:
5725:
5718:
5697:
5690:
5668:
5661:
5620:
5613:
5606:
5598:
5591:
5583:
5575:
5570:Bicentenaria
5568:
5560:
5555:Asiamericana
5553:
5546:
5533:
5520:
5487:
5444:
5428:
5421:
5414:
5407:
5400:
5393:
5386:
5365:
5357:
5350:
5343:
5336:
5330:Deltadromeus
5328:
5320:
5313:
5262:Tyrannotitan
5260:
5253:
5246:
5239:
5219:
5195:
5190:Taurovenator
5188:
5181:
5174:
5169:Lajasvenator
5167:
5160:
5153:
5148:Concavenator
5146:
5138:
5131:
5106:
5098:
5091:
5083:
5075:
5055:
5048:
5040:
5033:
5026:
5019:
4994:
4986:
4978:
4971:
4964:Allosauridae
4932:
4925:
4920:Shidaisaurus
4918:
4911:
4904:
4884:
4876:
4851:
4843:
4836:
4829:
4798:
4790:
4782:
4775:
4748:
4740:
4728:Avetheropoda
4715:Avetheropoda
4686:
4645:Avetheropoda
4612:
4605:
4598:Spinosaurini
4585:
4578:
4571:
4564:
4556:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4493:
4485:
4478:
4473:Protathlitis
4471:
4464:
4439:
4432:
4425:
4417:
4382:
4375:
4368:
4363:Leshansaurus
4361:
4354:
4347:
4327:
4320:
4315:Megalosaurus
4313:
4308:Duriavenator
4306:
4286:
4261:
4245:Megalosauria
4226:
4219:
4214:Marshosaurus
4212:
4207:Condorraptor
4205:
4185:
4144:
4137:
4129:
4122:
4115:
4108:
4101:
4094:
4088:Cruxicheiros
4086:
4079:
4071:
4063:
4055:
3920:
3915:Quilmesaurus
3913:
3906:
3899:
3891:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3843:
3836:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3778:
3767:Brachyrostra
3753:
3733:
3725:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3696:
3689:
3669:
3664:Tralkasaurus
3662:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3613:
3605:
3598:
3566:Vespersaurus
3564:
3559:Velocisaurus
3557:
3550:
3543:
3536:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3460:
3454:Deltadromeus
3452:
3444:
3438:Compsosuchus
3436:
3429:
3421:
3413:
3388:
3380:
3374:Lametasaurus
3372:
3364:
3330:
3325:Ceratosaurus
3323:
3303:
3295:
3288:
3280:
3273:
3257:Ceratosauria
3242:
3235:
3160:
3153:
3111:
3103:
3096:
3088:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3039:
3034:Podokesaurus
3032:
3025:
3018:
3010:
2986:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2917:Gojirasaurus
2915:
2910:Dracovenator
2908:
2900:
2893:
2881:Neotheropoda
2866:
2858:
2850:
2844:Guaibasaurus
2842:
2835:
2827:
2819:
2813:Chindesaurus
2811:
2701:
2692:
2604:
2590:
2572:
2557:
2533:
2519:. Retrieved
2515:the original
2502:
2498:
2494:
2486:
2482:
2458:
2427:
2423:
2413:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2340:
2336:
2329:
2302:10.26879/820
2295:(3): 1–110.
2292:
2288:
2278:
2261:
2257:
2244:
2219:
2215:
2205:
2197:
2192:
2176:
2171:
2165:: 1100–1117.
2162:
2158:
2152:
2140:
2131:
2127:
2114:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2077:
2065:
2054:. Retrieved
2050:
2040:
2018:(1): 24–30.
2015:
2011:
1998:
1963:
1957:
1947:
1939:ScienceDaily
1938:
1929:
1917:
1908:
1897:
1888:
1880:the original
1868:
1859:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1764:
1754:
1723:
1713:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1682:
1657:
1653:
1647:
1502:
1501:
1480:
1478:
1448:
1417:
1388:
1386:
1357:
1327:
1325:
1296:
1294:
1267:Bicentenaria
1265:
1252:
1244:
1237:
1225:Ornithomimus
1223:
1220:Thomas Holtz
1199:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1186:
1175:
1165:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1140:
1132:Ornithomimus
1130:
1124:
1108:
1105:Troodontidae
1097:Thomas Holtz
1091:
1084:
1070:
1047:
1039:
1028:
981:
969:
963:
953:
947:
941:
935:
931:Wellnhoferia
929:
923:
913:
907:
893:
876:
855:
850:
844:
839:
835:
829:
823:
813:
765:
759:
753:
734:
712:
696:tyrannosaurs
689:
614:
613:
596:
585:
575:
564:
554:
544:
534:
523:
512:
501:
491:
480:
469:
458:
450:Aniksosaurus
448:
440:Asiamericana
438:
427:
403:
396:
383:
375:
367:
359:
349:
339:
329:
321:
313:Bicentenaria
311:
301:
277:
271:
265:Avetheropoda
258:
245:
232:
219:
158:
152:
146:
140:
35:Coelurosaurs
29:
6886:Wikispecies
6786:Maniraptora
6775:Maniraptora
6756:Tototlmimus
6686:Anserimimus
6636:Garudimimus
6622:Beishanlong
6564:Valdoraptor
6505:Arkansaurus
6450:Xunmenglong
6327:Juravenator
6121:Tarbosaurus
5997:Nanuqsaurus
5966:Gorgosaurus
5882:Megaraptora
5868:Timurlengia
5600:Sciurumimus
5548:Aratasaurus
5416:Murusraptor
5338:Fukuiraptor
5301:Megaraptora
5183:Shaochilong
5155:Eocarcharia
5108:Megaraptora
5028:Lusovenator
4906:Alpkarakush
4763:Carnosauria
4614:Spinosaurus
4587:Siamosaurus
4487:Suchosaurus
4434:Iberospinus
4370:Magnosaurus
4349:Afrovenator
4322:Torvosaurus
4073:Chilesaurus
3886:Carnotaurus
3879:Caletodraco
3865:Abelisaurus
3691:Arcovenator
3538:Laevisuchus
3529:Noasaurinae
3431:Berthasaura
3402:Noasauridae
3332:Genyodectes
3297:Lukousaurus
3290:Jubbulpuria
3090:Panguraptor
3068:Coelophysis
3061:Camposaurus
3020:Panguraptor
3012:Dracoraptor
2988:Zupaysaurus
2973:Tachiraptor
2952:Sarcosaurus
2852:Nhandumirim
2430:(1): 1–73.
2312:10362/98436
2264:(1): 1–25.
2134:(1): 42–57.
1504:Maniraptora
1035:Maniraptora
1031:cladistical
1022:. Only the
840:Juravenator
825:Juravenator
767:Parvicursor
761:Microraptor
587:Shaochilong
566:Sciurumimus
514:Juravenator
429:Megaraptora
405:Maniraptora
303:Aratasaurus
154:Deinonychus
50:165–0
6949:Categories
6714:Gallimimus
6643:Harpymimus
6588:Harpymimus
6209:Iliosuchus
6179:see below↓
6008:Alioramini
5825:Juratyrant
5811:Eotyrannus
5796:Bagaraatan
5748:Yutyrannus
5682:Coeluridae
5608:Vayuraptor
5454:see below↓
5430:Tratayenia
5423:Orkoraptor
5409:Megaraptor
5315:Aoniraptor
5248:Mapusaurus
5176:Sauroniops
5140:Altispinax
5093:Neovenator
5035:Siamraptor
5021:Datanglong
4988:Epanterias
4980:Antrodemus
4973:Allosaurus
4954:Allosauria
4777:Altispinax
4742:Gasosaurus
4654:see below↓
4530:Suchomimus
4131:Sinosaurus
3966:see below↓
3922:Viavenator
3872:Aucasaurus
3809:Ilokelesia
3780:Dahalokely
3735:Rajasaurus
3713:Indosaurus
3706:Genusaurus
3698:Dahalokely
3622:Indosuchus
3518:Limusaurus
3477:Ligabueino
3470:Kiyacursor
3462:Genusaurus
3446:Dahalokely
3366:Betasuchus
3237:Dornraptor
3137:see below↓
3113:Segisaurus
2966:Sinosaurus
2829:Eodromaeus
2758:see below↓
2706:Dinosauria
2688:Sauropsida
2521:2007-01-29
2447:References
2185:0801867630
2056:2022-07-16
1639:References
1141:Avepectora
1081:segnosaurs
1072:Allosaurus
1024:Neornithes
984:Cretaceous
879:endocrania
863:pterosaurs
861:), and in
852:Tianyulong
804:Integument
685:carnosaurs
503:Iliosuchus
471:Gasosaurus
351:Vayuraptor
239:Saurischia
226:Dinosauria
6790:includes
6735:Rativates
6728:Qiupalong
6428:Scipionyx
6421:Mirischia
6094:Lythronax
6086:Labocania
6017:Alioramus
5670:Labocania
5388:Aerosteon
4934:Sinraptor
4838:Erectopus
4573:Irritator
4158:Orionides
4043:Tetanurae
4030:Tetanurae
3957:Tetanurae
3893:Elemgasem
3816:Llukalkan
3795:Elemgasem
3552:Noasaurus
3415:Afromimus
3223:Averostra
3210:Averostra
3128:Averostra
2980:Velocipes
2799:Theropoda
2786:Theropoda
2749:Theropoda
2674:Kingdom:
2658:Theropoda
2436:1567-2158
2321:1094-8074
2032:2397-334X
1390:Scipionyx
1050:phylogeny
971:Pedopenna
677:dinosaurs
283:von Huene
252:Theropoda
199:Kingdom:
193:Eukaryota
167:", and a
119:Possible
6871:Wikidata
6319:Coelurus
5727:Kileskus
5720:Guanlong
5692:Coelurus
5585:Gualicho
5085:Gualicho
4466:Baryonyx
3802:Guemesia
3629:Kryptops
3390:Ozraptor
3027:Pendraig
2682:Chordata
2680:Phylum:
2676:Animalia
2456:(2005).
2405:10440726
2365:23112330
2236:10381873
1990:26041865
1843:23719374
1800:85354215
1601:See also
1239:Shuvuuia
1121:sphenoid
1054:taxonomy
915:Kileskus
896:Triassic
816:feathers
784:a bowed
731:Bodyplan
683:than to
674:theropod
536:Nuthetes
482:Gualicho
323:Coelurus
213:Chordata
209:Phylum:
203:Animalia
189:Domain:
21:Coelurus
6906:4434257
6877:Q131092
5860:Timimus
5622:Zuolong
5352:Rapator
5255:Meraxes
4580:Oxalaia
3901:Koleken
2924:Lepidus
2686:Class:
2499:Science
2345:Bibcode
2337:Science
2216:Science
1981:4528472
1851:4364892
1823:Bibcode
1662:Bibcode
1298:Zuolong
1126:Troodon
928:(incl.
726:Anatomy
664:; from
369:Zuolong
45:Present
6919:436492
6528:Hexing
6216:Kakuru
5804:Dilong
3845:Thanos
3823:Niebla
3643:Rugops
3636:Kurupi
2546:
2542:–231.
2470:
2434:
2403:
2363:
2319:
2234:
2183:
2030:
1988:
1978:
1870:Lexico
1849:
1841:
1815:Nature
1798:
1154:named
1065:, and
1018:, and
828:, and
776:sacrum
702:, and
285:, 1914
123:record
6932:53940
6792:birds
5832:Moros
5359:Siats
5100:Siats
5042:Siats
2702:Clade
2693:Clade
2254:(PDF)
2124:(PDF)
2008:(PDF)
1847:S2CID
1796:S2CID
1359:Aorun
1230:birds
1204:clade
1152:clade
1145:basal
1113:birds
797:femur
793:tibia
713:Most
708:birds
681:birds
670:clade
666:Greek
272:Clade
259:Clade
246:Clade
233:Clade
220:Clade
6914:NCBI
6784:see
5402:Maip
2860:Tawa
2735:see
2544:ISBN
2468:ISBN
2432:ISSN
2401:PMID
2361:PMID
2317:ISSN
2232:PMID
2181:ISBN
2028:ISSN
1986:PMID
1839:PMID
1228:and
1214:and
1129:and
1103:and
1052:and
1048:The
968:and
952:and
912:and
856:and
786:ulna
748:and
58:PreꞒ
6901:EoL
2577:doi
2562:doi
2560:, (
2540:210
2503:310
2464:368
2393:doi
2389:285
2383:".
2353:doi
2341:338
2307:hdl
2297:doi
2266:doi
2224:doi
2220:258
2132:314
2100:doi
2096:158
2020:doi
1976:PMC
1968:doi
1831:doi
1819:498
1788:doi
1728:doi
1701:doi
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113:N
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78:D
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68:O
63:Ꞓ
43:–
27:.
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