42:
749:
3285:
686:, the Archbishop of Canterbury at the time of the division; but Leo responded that the only reason the papacy agreed to the creation was because of the size of the kingdom of Mercia. The comments of both Coenwulf and Leo are partisan, as each had his own reasons for representing the situation as they did: Coenwulf was entreating Leo to make London the sole southern archdiocese, while Leo was concerned to avoid the appearance of complicity with the unworthy motives Coenwulf imputed to Offa. Coenwulf's desire to move the southern archbishopric to London would have been influenced by the situation in Kent, where Archbishop
708:. Wulfred was given freedom to mint coins that did not name Coenwulf on the reverse, probably indicating that Wulfred was on good terms with the Mercian king. In 808 there was evidently a rift of some kind: a letter from Pope Leo to Charlemagne mentioned that Coenwulf had not yet made peace with Wulfred. After this no further discord is mentioned until 816, when Wulfred presided over a council which attacked lay control of religious houses. The council, held at Chelsea, asserted that Coenwulf did not have the right to make appointments to nunneries and monasteries, although both Leo and his predecessor,
556:
430:, Ecgfrith only reigned for 141 days. Offa is known to have died in 796, on either 26 July or 29 July, so Ecgfrith's date of death is either 14 December or 17 December of the same year. Coenwulf succeeded Ecgfrith as king. Coenwulf's father's name was Cuthberht, who may have been the same person as an ealdorman of that name who witnessed charters during the reign of Offa. Coenwulf is also recorded as witnessing charters during Offa's reign. According to the genealogy of Mercian kings preserved in the
902:). A mid-11th-century source asserts that Cynehelm briefly succeeded to the throne while still a child and was then murdered by his tutor Æscberht at the behest of Cwoenthryth. This version of events "bristles with historical problems", according to one historian, and it is also possible that Cynehelm is to be identified with an ealdorman who is found witnessing charters earlier in Coenwulf's reign, and who appears to have died by about 812. The opinion of historians is not unanimous on this point:
646:, in Mercian territory, perhaps implying Mercian involvement in Northumbrian politics at the time. Coenwulf gave hospitality to Eardwulf's enemies, who had been exiled from Northumbria, and consequently Eardwulf invaded Mercia in 801. The invasion was inconclusive, however, and peace was arranged on equal terms. Coenwulf may also have been behind the coup in 806 that led to Eardwulf losing his throne, and he likely continued to support Eardwulf's enemies after Eardwulf returned in 808.
701:. On 18 January 802 Æthelheard received a papal privilege that re-established his authority over all the churches in the archdiocese of Lichfield as well as those of Canterbury. Æthelheard held a council at Clovesho on 12 October 803 which finally stripped Lichfield of its archiepiscopal status. However, it appears that Hygeberht had already been removed from his office; a Hygeberht attended the council of Clovesho as the head of the Church in Mercia but signed as an abbot.
846:
584:, but he made no move to recover it during Coenwulf's reign. Egbert appears to have been independent of Mercia from the beginning of his reign, and Wessex's independence meant that Coenwulf was never able to claim the overlordship of the southern English that had belonged to Offa and Æthelbald. He did, however, claim the title of "Emperor" on one charter, the only Anglo-Saxon king to do so before the 10th century.
655:
487:
732:, bishop of Worcester, but there is no further record of Wulfred acting as archbishop for the rest of Coenwulf's reign. One account records that the quarrel between Wulfred and Coenwulf led to Wulfred being deprived of his office for six years, with no baptisms taking place during that time, but this may have been an exaggeration, with four years being the more likely term of the suspension.
808:, worth about 30 silver pennies, is only the eighth-known Anglo-Saxon gold coin dating to the mid-to-late Anglo-Saxon period. The coin's inscription, "DE VICO LVNDONIAE", indicates that it was minted in London. It has seen little or no circulation, as it was probably lost shortly after it was issued. The similarity to a coin of
498:
that
Eadberht was a pretender. The basis for this assertion was that Eadberht had reportedly been a priest, and as such had given up any right to the throne. Coenwulf wrote to the Pope and asked Leo to consider making London the seat of the southern archbishopric, removing the honour from Canterbury;
465:
Coenwulf's early reign was marked by a breakdown in
Mercian control in southern England. In East Anglia, King Eadwald minted coins at about this time, implying that he was no longer subject to Mercia. A charter of 799 seems to show that Wessex and Mercia were estranged for some time before that date,
401:
dating from
Coenwulf's reign have survived; these were documents granting land to followers or to churchmen and were witnessed by the kings who had the authority to grant the land. A charter might record the names of both a subject king and his overlord on the witness list appended to the grant. Such
295:
of
Canterbury over the issue of whether laypeople could control religious houses such as monasteries. The breakdown in the relationship between the two eventually reached the point where the archbishop was unable to exercise his duties for at least four years. A partial resolution was reached in 822
503:
And concerning that letter which the most reverend and holy Æthelheard sent to us ... as regards that apostate cleric who mounted to the throne ... we excommunicate and reject him, having regard to the safety of his soul. For if he should still persist in that wicked behaviour, be sure to
571:
The course of events in East Anglia is less clear, but
Eadwald's coinage ceased, and new coinage issued by Coenwulf began by about 805, so it is likely that Coenwulf forcibly re-established Mercian dominance there. The resumption of friendly relations with Wessex under Beorhtric received a setback
780:
type appeared, with a design consisting of three radial lines meeting at the centre. The tribrach design was introduced initially at London alone but soon spread to
Canterbury after it was reconquered from the rebels. It was not struck in East Anglia, but there are tribrach pennies in the name of
739:
and make a payment of 120 pounds to the king. Wulfred is recorded to have agreed to these terms, but the conflict continued well past
Coenwulf's death, with an apparently final agreement between Wulfred and Coenwulf's daughter Cwoenthryth reached in 826 or 827. However, Wulfred officiated at the
926:
has identified evidence that
Coenwulf came to be venerated as a saint, at least by the 12th century, and included him in his 'Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Saints'. The evidence is that the king appears to have been honoured as a 'holy benefactor' at Winchcombe Abbey in the 12th century, and that a
906:
has suggested that the ealdorman is unlikely to be the same person as the prince and that
Cynehelm therefore may well have survived to the end of his father's reign. Regardless of interpretation of Cynehelm's legend, there does appear to have been dynastic discord early in Ceolwulf's reign: a
457:
had, like
Coenwulf, gained his throne in 796, so Alcuin's meaning is not clear, but it may be that he intended it as a slur on Eardwulf or Coenwulf or on both. Alcuin certainly held negative views of Coenwulf, regarding him as a tyrant and criticising him for putting aside one wife and taking
508:
This authorisation from the Pope to proceed against Eadberht was delayed until 798, but once it was received Coenwulf took action. The Mercians captured Eadberht, put out his eyes and cut off his hands, and led him in chains to Mercia, where according to later tradition he was imprisoned at
315:
was murdered to gain the succession. Within two years Ceolwulf had been deposed, and the kingship passed permanently out of Coenwulf's family. Coenwulf was the last king of Mercia to exercise substantial dominance over other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. Within a decade of his death, the rise of
853:
A charter of 799 records a wife of Coenwulf named Cynegyth; the charter is forged, but this detail is possibly accurate. Ælfthryth is more reliably established as Coenwulf's wife, again from charter evidence; she is recorded on charters dated between 804 and 817. Coenwulf's daughter,
375:'s court, "the vengeance of the blood shed by the father has reached the son"; Alcuin added, "This was not a strengthening of the kingdom, but its ruin." Offa died in July 796. Ecgfrith succeeded him but reigned for less than five months before Coenwulf came to the throne.
499:
it is likely that Coenwulf's reasons included the loss of Mercian control over Kent. Leo refused to agree to moving the archiepiscopate to London, but in the same letter he agreed that Eadberht's previous ordination made him ineligible for the throne:
378:
A significant corpus of letters dates from the period, especially from Alcuin, who corresponded with kings, nobles, and ecclesiastics throughout England. Letters between Coenwulf and the papacy also survive. Another key source for the period is the
466:
though the charter is not regarded as undoubtedly genuine. In Kent, an uprising began, probably starting after Ecgfrith's death, though it has been suggested that it began much earlier in the year, before Offa's death. The uprising was led by
2051:, at p. 521, where as indicated in Blair's introduction (at p. 495) the italicization of his name signals that his holiness is attested only in post-Conquest evidence and thus that his status as a pre-Conquest saint is hypothetical.
666:
of Canterbury. The new archdiocese included the sees of Worcester, Hereford, Leicester, Lindsey, Dommoc and Elmham; these were essentially the midland Anglian territories. Canterbury retained the sees in the south and southeast.
453:. It appears that Coenwulf's family were powerful, but they were not of recent Mercian royal lineage. A letter written by Alcuin to the people of Kent in 797 laments that "scarcely anyone is found now of the old stock of kings".
910:
Coenwulf was the last of a series of Mercian kings, beginning with Penda in the early 7th century, to exercise dominance over most or all of southern England. In the years after his death, Mercia's position weakened, and the
907:
document from 825 says that after the death of Coenwulf "much discord and innumerable disagreements arose between various kings, nobles, bishops and ministers of the Church of God on very many matters of secular business".
740:
consecration of Coenwulf's brother and heir, Ceolwulf, on 17 September 822, so it is evident that some accommodation had been reached by that time. Wulfred had probably resumed his archiepiscopal duties earlier that year.
816:
has been taken to suggest that the two coins reflect a rivalry between the two kings, although it is unknown which coin has priority. Initially sold to American collector Allan Davisson for £230,000 at an auction held by
781:
Cuthred, sub-king of Kent. Around 805 a new portrait coinage was introduced to all three of the southern mints. After around 810 a range of reverse designs was introduced, though several were common to many or all of the
513:, on the throne of Kent. Cuthred ruled until the time of his death in 807, after which Coenwulf took control of Kent in name as well as fact. Coenwulf styled himself "King of the Mercians and the Province of Kent" (
862:
which Coenwulf had established as part of the patrimony of his family. Cwoenthryth subsequently was engaged in a long dispute with Archbishop Wulfred over her rights to the monastery. Coenwulf also had a son,
690:
had been forced to flee by Eadberht Præn. Coenwulf would have wished to retain control over the archiepiscopal seat, and at the time he wrote to the pope Kent was independent of Mercia.
504:
inform us quickly, that we may princes and all people dwelling in the island of Britain, exhorting them to expel him from his most wicked rule and procure the safety of his soul.
241:; Ecgfrith only reigned for five months, and Coenwulf ascended the throne in the same year that Offa died. In the early years of Coenwulf's reign he had to deal with a revolt in
4589:
458:
another. Alcuin wrote to a Mercian nobleman to ask him to greet Coenwulf peaceably "if it is possible to do so", implying uncertainty about Coenwulf's policy towards the
5012:
3994:
580:
but was defeated by the men of Wiltshire under the leadership of Weohstan, also an ealdorman. Egbert may also have had a claim on the Kentish throne, according to the
336:, who came to the throne in 716, had established himself as the overlord of the southern Anglo-Saxons by 731. He was assassinated in 757, and was briefly succeeded by
4584:
4338:
735:
In 821, the year of Coenwulf's death, a council was held in London at which Coenwulf threatened to exile Wulfred if the archbishop did not surrender an estate of 300
5002:
4840:
4428:
821:
in 2004, the British Government subsequently put in place an export ban in the hope of saving it for the British public. In February 2006 the coin was bought by the
4353:
4393:
875:, Alfred's wife Ealhswith was descended from Coenwulf through her mother, Eadburh, though Asser does not say which of Coenwulf's children Eadburh descends from.
4594:
5107:
4418:
4543:
818:
4160:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4383:
4363:
1857:
4378:
4226:
678:
Two versions of the events that led to the creation of the new archdiocese appear in the form of an exchange of letters in 798 between Coenwulf and
757:
4719:
3624:
833:
making it the most expensive British coin purchased until then, though the price was exceeded the following July by the third-known example of a
273:. Coenwulf's coinage reappears in 805, indicating that the kingdom was again under Mercian control. Several campaigns of Coenwulf's against the
470:, who had been an exile at Charlemagne's court: Eadberht's cause almost certainly had Carolingian support. Eadberht became king of Kent, and
4297:
3860:
352:
in 789, and Beorhtric became an ally thereafter. In Kent, Offa intervened decisively in the 780s, and at some point became the overlord of
2655:
728:
confirmed Coenwulf's privileges but this did not end the dispute. In 817 Wulfred witnessed two charters in which Coenwulf granted land to
4513:
4185:
576:
records that on the same day that Egbert came to the throne, an ealdorman of the Hwicce named Æthelmund led a force across the Thames at
4448:
4312:
4054:
4029:
3371:
3084:
4468:
764:
and his contemporaries. His very first coins are very similar to the heavy coinage of Offa's last three years, and since the mints at
4473:
658:
The dioceses of England during Coenwulf's reign. The boundary between the archdioceses of Lichfield and Canterbury is shown in bold.
5007:
4190:
5112:
572:
when Beorhtric died and the throne of Wessex passed to Egbert, who, like Eadberht, had been an exile at Charlemagne's court. The
4982:
4739:
2105:
509:
Winchcombe, a religious house closely affiliated with Coenwulf's family. By 801 at the latest Coenwulf had placed his brother,
748:
5221:
5216:
2781:
2757:
2737:
2717:
2644:
2625:
2599:
2556:
2533:
2514:
2494:
2475:
2455:
2435:
2415:
2381:
2371:
2345:
2323:
2301:
2272:
2152:
2123:
2091:
41:
2802:
2567:
2136:
4604:
3617:
2958:
2771:
3284:
1992:
890:, probably while making preparations for a campaign against the Welsh that took place under his brother and successor,
642:, who had reigned from 765 to 774. Alhmund's death was regarded as a martyrdom, and his cult subsequently developed at
2237:
3264:
772:
were under the control of Eadbert Præn and Eadwald, respectively, these earliest pennies must be the product of the
3853:
3633:
2907:
826:
3984:
3724:
1639:; Brooks emphasizes that this is a late source, though he acknowledges the division given is plausible. Brooks,
5211:
4523:
4388:
3610:
3578:
3364:
3077:
2253:
2044:
274:
253:
to claim the Kentish throne, and Coenwulf was forced to wait for papal support before he could intervene. When
300:, but it was not until about 826 that a final settlement was reached between Wulfred and Coenwulf's daughter,
5226:
3774:
3564:
1635:
According to Brooks, the earliest source for the list of dioceses attached to Lichfield is the 12th-century
4287:
4267:
332:
For most of the 8th century, Mercia was dominant among the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms south of the river Humber.
3989:
3759:
3719:
623:
357:
5191:
4814:
3846:
2289:
948:
4579:
3754:
3694:
3689:
281:, in 801, though it is likely that Coenwulf continued to support the opponents of the Northumbrian king
5122:
4855:
3869:
3093:
2873:
2816:
2355:
2333:
830:
769:
222:
163:
63:
4992:
2798:
2132:
5206:
5201:
3357:
3070:
475:
4957:
4343:
3704:
3659:
2993:
4972:
4074:
3674:
3380:
3234:
3038:
2926:
2856:
2705:
1801:
EMC Number 2004.167, Early Medieval Corpus, Fitzwilliam Museum. Now British Museum nr. 2006,0204.1.
662:
In 787, Offa had persuaded the Church to create a new archbishopric at Lichfield, dividing the arch
600:
289:
17:
4987:
4962:
4333:
712:, had granted Offa and Coenwulf the right to do so. Coenwulf had recently appointed his daughter,
5231:
5017:
4835:
4724:
4704:
4694:
4679:
4282:
3789:
3699:
3669:
3664:
2951:
1040:
Lapidge, "Alcuin of York", in Lapidge et al., "Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England", p. 24.
682:. Coenwulf asserted in his letter that Offa wanted the new archdiocese created out of enmity for
631:
454:
282:
4125:
4004:
3489:
4880:
4865:
4699:
4574:
4463:
4368:
4231:
3734:
3714:
3325:
3307:
2893:
2686:
923:
353:
278:
270:
3184:
3023:
1982:
1824:
333:
135:
5132:
5047:
4779:
4624:
4609:
4518:
4433:
3908:
3784:
3769:
3709:
3679:
3654:
3259:
3003:
1886:
1636:
1431:
1281:
867:, who later became known as a saint, with a cult dating from at least the 970s. According to
834:
639:
627:
381:
262:
4599:
4564:
4348:
4257:
3416:
3164:
3018:
2988:
5137:
5067:
4921:
4860:
4709:
4423:
4211:
4049:
3744:
3649:
3644:
3544:
3249:
3214:
2998:
2883:
891:
883:
398:
297:
197:
91:
4952:
4947:
4262:
3559:
3529:
2281:
Blunt, C.E.; Lyon, C.S.S. & Stewart, B.H. "The coinage of southern England, 796–840",
467:
265:, and had his hands cut off. Coenwulf also appears to have lost control of the kingdom of
246:
8:
5196:
5057:
4895:
4503:
4413:
4408:
4044:
4039:
3923:
3893:
3749:
3684:
3519:
3429:
3219:
694:
459:
349:
173:
4967:
4569:
4328:
2197:
5163:
5052:
5027:
4900:
4714:
4614:
4508:
4019:
3943:
3199:
3189:
3179:
3159:
3013:
2944:
2866:
2614:
2080:
936:
912:
698:
608:
592:
439:
431:
364:
337:
234:
81:
363:
Offa appears to have moved to eliminate dynastic rivals to the succession of his son,
5153:
5072:
4734:
4498:
4170:
4034:
4024:
3948:
3764:
3484:
3444:
3434:
3411:
3391:
3254:
3239:
3174:
3169:
2983:
2777:
2753:
2733:
2713:
2678:
2640:
2621:
2595:
2552:
2529:
2510:
2490:
2471:
2451:
2431:
2411:
2367:
2341:
2319:
2311:
2297:
2268:
2249:
2233:
2162:
2148:
2119:
2111:
2087:
2040:
1988:
717:
693:Æthelheard, who had succeeded Jaenberht in 792, had been the abbot of a monastery at
438:
named Cenwealh, of whom there is no other record. It is possible that this refers to
142:
4942:
4140:
2978:
494:
Coenwulf was unwilling to take military action in Kent without acknowledgement from
261:
Eadberht, Coenwulf invaded and retook the kingdom; Eadberht was taken prisoner, was
5077:
4890:
4870:
4764:
4619:
4443:
4109:
3524:
3514:
3494:
3439:
3229:
3224:
3124:
2670:
2585:
916:
899:
868:
635:
533:
525:
521:
321:
122:
107:
2389:
5062:
4784:
4749:
4639:
4272:
4195:
4069:
4059:
3549:
3534:
3509:
3504:
3474:
3421:
3321:
3149:
3139:
3134:
3129:
2919:
2359:
2213:
2181:
2075:
786:
721:
510:
435:
308:
269:
during the early part of his reign, as an independent coinage appears under King
242:
230:
3838:
2637:
Carolingian Connections: Anglo-Saxon England and Carolingian Francia, c. 750–870
555:
397:
production, however, and is sometimes thought to be biased in favour of Wessex.
304:, who had been the main beneficiary of Coenwulf's grants of religious property.
4729:
4664:
4559:
4358:
4221:
4165:
3729:
3469:
3449:
3269:
3194:
3144:
3109:
3028:
2839:
1862:
822:
725:
564:
403:
368:
341:
238:
214:
3999:
3052:
Not listed in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, but held equivalent or greater power.
773:
371:, an English deacon and scholar who spent over a decade as a chief advisor at
5185:
4094:
3963:
3953:
3928:
3479:
2767:
2682:
2609:
2294:
The Early History of the Church of Canterbury: Christ Church from 597 to 1066
709:
474:, the archbishop of Canterbury at that time, fled his see; it is likely that
2674:
2082:
Alfred the Great: Asser's Life of King Alfred and other contemporary sources
626:, was assassinated in April 796, and less than a month later his successor,
4850:
4654:
4398:
3883:
3406:
3401:
3209:
2542:
2071:
1079:
903:
864:
797:
679:
560:
495:
450:
254:
3602:
3554:
3464:
3459:
3302:
687:
471:
4458:
4014:
3898:
3499:
3454:
2115:
855:
809:
793:
736:
386:
372:
301:
266:
4977:
4916:
4236:
2232:
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, reprinted with corrections 2006.
683:
611:. It is not clear if the Mercians were involved in a battle recorded in
5097:
4744:
4634:
4438:
4252:
3794:
895:
887:
879:
859:
845:
801:
765:
729:
713:
615:
in 817 or 818, but the following year Coenwulf and his army devastated
151:
111:
5117:
4533:
3274:
229:
from December 796 until his death in 821. He was a descendant of King
5022:
4804:
4689:
4674:
4649:
4453:
4403:
4277:
4130:
3062:
2967:
2846:
1788:
Gareth Williams, "Mercian Coinage and Authority", in Brown and Farr,
672:
668:
604:
577:
549:
5158:
5092:
5037:
5032:
4885:
4799:
4794:
4774:
4684:
4644:
4528:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4307:
4302:
4292:
4180:
4104:
4099:
3968:
3349:
3340:
King of Mercia during the temporary separation of Mercia and Wessex
3119:
2588:, "Political Women in Mercia, Eighth to Early Tenth Centuries", in
612:
588:
312:
258:
147:
5102:
1530:
Patrick Wormald, "The Age of Offa and Alcuin", in Campbell et al.
599:. A civil war in Gwynedd in the 810s ended with the succession of
445:
Coenwulf's kin may have been connected to the royal family of the
421:
5127:
5082:
5042:
4997:
4845:
4819:
4809:
4789:
4659:
4538:
3918:
3913:
3779:
3244:
782:
705:
663:
596:
591:. By 798 Coenwulf was in a position to invade in return, killing
345:
344:
ousted Beornred and took the throne for himself. Offa's daughter
292:
250:
158:
1491:
Sarah and John Zaluckyj, "Decline", in Zaluckyj & Zaluckyj,
1049:
Letter of Alcuin to Mercian ealdorman Osbert, tr. in Whitelock,
792:
A gold coin bearing the name Coenwulf was discovered in 2001 at
654:
536:. Sigered appears on two charters of Coenwulf's in 811 as king (
4926:
4875:
4754:
4493:
4216:
4175:
4135:
3903:
3888:
3334:
3114:
805:
446:
442:, who was married to (and later repudiated) a sister of Penda.
411:
407:
394:
317:
226:
47:
1204:
Sarah and John Zaluckyj, "Decline", in Zaluckyj and Zaluckyj,
607:
and taking control of Rhufuniog, a small Welsh territory near
603:
in 816 or 817, and Coenwulf invaded again, this time ravaging
5168:
4769:
4009:
3958:
3938:
3933:
3396:
3154:
3008:
2936:
928:
872:
643:
616:
2464:
Keynes, Simon, "Mercia and Wessex in the Ninth Century", in
5087:
4759:
4669:
4629:
4064:
2710:
Kingship and Government in Pre-Conquest England c. 500–1066
2101:
1907:
Pauline Stafford, "Political Womena", in Brown & Farr,
761:
486:
324:, and Mercia never recovered its former position of power.
2246:
Local Saints and Local Churches in the Early Medieval West
2037:
Local Saints and Local Churches in the Early Medieval West
785:. From this date there is also evidence of a new mint, at
540:) of Essex, but his title is reduced thereafter, first to
233:, who ruled Mercia in the early 7th century. He succeeded
532:, presumably abdicating the throne in favour of his son,
1847:
Healey, "Museum Buying Rare Coin to Keep It in Britain".
307:
Coenwulf was succeeded by his brother, Ceolwulf; a post-
898:
where it was buried in St Mary's Abbey (later known as
704:
Archbishop Æthelheard died in 805 and was succeeded by
675:, was the new archdiocese's first and only archbishop.
2748:
Campbell, James; John, Eric; Wormald, Patrick (1991).
2726:
Williams, Gareth, "Mercian Coinage and Authority", in
2656:"Kings, Saints and Monasteries in Pre-Viking Mercia"
2242:
Blair, John, 'A Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Saints', in
1945:
Thacker, "Kings, Saints and Monasteries", p. 8.
2746:Wormald, Patrick, "The Age of Offa and Alcuin", in
2033:John Blair, 'A Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Saints', in
1984:
Religion and Literature in Western England, 600–800
894:, the following year. Coenwulf's body was moved to
2613:
2526:The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England
2507:The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England
2448:The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England
2428:The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England
2408:The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England
2079:
587:In 796 or 797 the Welsh engaged Mercian forces at
3868:
2167:English Historical Documents Volume I c. 500–1042
1078:See the exchange of letters between Coenwulf and
756:The coinage of Coenwulf follows the broad silver
5183:
3590:Also monarch of Wessex, Essex, Sussex and Mercia
1914:
1089:
2773:Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England
2568:"Museum Buying Rare Coin to Keep It in Britain"
2382:"Early Medieval Corpus of Coin Finds, 410–1180"
825:for £357,832 with the help of funding from the
422:Mercia and southern England at Ecgfrith's death
389:narrating the history of the Anglo-Saxons. The
1756:
1722:Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon History
1303:
1301:
1299:
1067:Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England
969:Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England
858:, survived him and inherited the monastery at
3854:
3618:
3365:
3078:
2952:
2248:. Oxford University Press. pp. 495–565.
2039:. Oxford University Press. pp. 495–565.
2034:
1980:
1743:
1672:
1656:, pp. 217–218 & 218 notes 3 & 4.
1646:
1326:The Early History of the Church of Canterbury
1115:
1102:
1065:Simon Keynes, "Coenwulf", in Lapidge et al.,
2728:Brown, Michelle P.; Farr, Carole A. (2001).
2590:Brown, Michelle P.; Farr, Carole A. (2001).
2547:Brown, Michelle P.; Farr, Carole A. (2001).
2466:Brown, Michelle P.; Farr, Carole A. (2001).
2107:Ecclesiastical History of the English People
1941:
1939:
1732:
1730:
1716:
1714:
1566:
1564:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1498:
1485:
1400:
1398:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1198:
1161:
1159:
1157:
724:, died the following January; the new pope,
649:
3632:
1961:
1923:
1698:
1472:
1296:
1271:, p. 179 and n. 122, p. 184.
1185:
1061:
1059:
1020:
1018:
1016:
967:Simon Keynes, "Mercia", in Lapidge et al.,
638:killed in 800; Alhmund was the son of King
406:, for example, where Æthelric, son of king
3861:
3847:
3625:
3611:
3372:
3358:
3085:
3071:
2959:
2945:
1720:S.E. Kelly, "Wulfred", in Lapidge et al.,
1629:
1446:
1141:
1036:
1034:
974:
935:appears in a 12th-century relic list from
919:as the dominant king south of the Humber.
871:'s biographer, the Welsh monk and bishop,
449:, a subkingdom of Mercia around the lower
367:. According to a contemporary letter from
40:
2001:
1948:
1936:
1838:"Ancient coin could fetch £150,000", BBC.
1727:
1711:
1659:
1616:
1603:
1577:
1561:
1537:
1511:
1395:
1382:
1369:
1330:
1237:
1224:
1211:
1172:
1154:
752:A silver penny of Coenwulf from c. AD 807
434:Coenwulf was descended from a brother of
327:
277:are recorded, but only one conflict with
2730:Mercia: An Anglo-Saxon kingdom in Europe
2592:Mercia: An Anglo-Saxon kingdom in Europe
2549:Mercia: An Anglo-Saxon kingdom in Europe
2468:Mercia: An Anglo-Saxon kingdom in Europe
2388:. The Fitzwilliam Museum. Archived from
2316:Mercia: An Anglo-Saxon kingdom in Europe
2228:Blackburn, Mark & Grierson, Philip,
1769:
1590:
1459:
1411:
1056:
1013:
987:
961:
844:
840:
747:
653:
554:
490:Southern England during Coenwulf's reign
485:
360:, was beheaded on Offa's orders in 794.
2503:Lapidge, Michael, "Alcuin of York", in
2244:Thacker, Alan; Sharpe, Richard (2002).
2035:Thacker, Alan; Sharpe, Richard (2002).
1876:"Rare Coin Breaks Auction Record", BBC.
1524:
1356:
1343:
1128:
1031:
1000:
528:left for Rome in 798, according to the
245:, which had been under Offa's control.
14:
5184:
3587:Also monarch of East Anglia and Mercia
3092:
2296:. London: Leicester University Press.
1782:
1685:
1043:
720:. Leo died in 816, and his successor,
196:
3842:
3606:
3353:
3066:
2940:
1901:
1879:
1870:
1841:
1832:
1424:
1324:, p. 183, n. 8, quoting Brooks,
1274:
3813:also king of Kent and king of Mercia
3379:
2803:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
2174:
2137:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
800:, England, on a footpath beside the
515:rex Merciorum atque provincie Cancie
2566:Healey, Matthew (6 February 2006).
2267:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2182:"Ancient coin could fetch £150,000"
24:
3283:
2169:. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode.
2064:
1669:, 204 & 205, pp. 791–794.
804:. The 4.33 g (0.153 oz)
402:a witness list can be seen on the
25:
5243:
2792:
2265:The Church in Anglo-Saxon Society
2214:"Rare Coin Breaks Auction Record"
2198:"Museum's £350,000 deal for coin"
922:The Anglo-Saxonist and historian
288:Coenwulf came into conflict with
50:of Coenwulf from the London mint.
4570:Æbbe "the Younger" of Coldingham
2528:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
2509:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
2450:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
2430:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
2410:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
1086:, 204 and 205, pp. 791–794.
544:, or subking, and thereafter to
524:was continued by Coenwulf. King
296:with Coenwulf's successor, King
5113:Hwita of Whitchurch Canonicorum
2027:
2014:
1981:Sims-Williams, Patrick (2005).
1974:
1850:
1804:
1795:
1314:
1261:
827:National Heritage Memorial Fund
716:, to the position of abbess of
4565:Æbbe "the Elder" of Coldingham
2966:
1987:. Cambridge University Press.
1072:
27:King of Mercia from 796 to 821
13:
1:
3870:Saints of Anglo-Saxon England
2545:, "Carolingian Contacts", in
2058:
418:", or subking, of Æthelbald.
5222:9th-century English monarchs
5217:8th-century English monarchs
4288:Edburga of Minster-in-Thanet
2424:Keynes, Simon, "Mercia", in
1821:Building Anglo-Saxon England
1667:English Historical Documents
1364:English Historical Documents
1351:English Historical Documents
1136:English Historical Documents
1084:English Historical Documents
1051:English Historical Documents
563:of king Coenwulf of Mercia (
385:, a collection of annals in
7:
4745:Eosterwine of Monkwearmouth
4253:Æbbe of Thanet (Domne Eafe)
2620:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
2404:Kelly, S.E., "Wulfred", in
2104:(1991). D.H. Farmer (ed.).
1693:Early History of Canterbury
949:Kings of Mercia family tree
942:
630:, was deposed in favour of
311:legend claims that his son
10:
5248:
4856:Florentius of Peterborough
4675:Ceolfrith of Monkwearmouth
2487:The Earliest English Kings
2444:Keynes, Simon, "Offa", in
2314:; Farr, Carole A. (2001).
2283:British Numismatic Journal
2230:Medieval European Coinage.
1775:Blackburn & Grierson,
915:in 825 firmly established
831:The British Museum Friends
743:
517:) in a charter dated 809.
5146:
5013:Beorhthelm of Shaftesbury
4935:
4909:
4828:
4795:Sigfrith of Monkwearmouth
4552:
4404:Cyneswith of Peterborough
4321:
4245:
4204:
4149:
4118:
3990:Æthelburh of Faremoutiers
3985:Æthelberht of East Anglia
3977:
3876:
3803:
3640:
3577:Existence uncertain (See
3573:
3387:
3316:
3295:
3281:
3100:
3047:
2974:
2924:
2916:
2905:
2890:
2880:
2871:
2863:
2853:
2844:
2836:
2831:
2817:C-dynasty of the Mercians
2810:
2524:Lapidge, Michael (1999).
2505:Lapidge, Michael (1999).
2446:Lapidge, Michael (1999).
2426:Lapidge, Michael (1999).
2406:Lapidge, Michael (1999).
2145:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
2143:Swanton, Michael (1996).
1887:"Anglo-Saxons.net: S 156"
1777:Medieval European Coinage
1432:"Anglo-Saxons.net: S 164"
1282:"Anglo-Saxons.net: S 154"
760:format established under
650:Relations with the church
520:Offa's domination of the
476:Christ Church, Canterbury
179:
169:
157:
141:
129:
117:
101:
97:
87:
77:
69:
62:
39:
34:
5098:Frithestan of Winchester
5083:Earmund of Stoke Fleming
4650:Billfrith of Lindisfarne
4605:Æthelwold of Lindisfarne
4514:Regenhere of Northampton
4075:Sigeberht of East Anglia
4030:Cuthbald of Peterborough
3330:Also King of East Anglia
2340:. Hambledon and London.
2024:, pp. 104–105, 112, 122.
1911:, p. 42, n. 5.
1753:, p. 229 n. 5.
954:
878:Coenwulf died in 821 at
481:
5169:Urith of Chittlehampton
5123:Margaret of Dunfermline
5018:Beornstan of Winchester
5003:Benignus of Glastonbury
4993:Æthelwold of Winchester
4983:Æthelnoth of Canterbury
4841:Firmin of North Crawley
4836:Augustine of Canterbury
4725:Eardwulf of Northumbria
4705:Eadfrith of Lindisfarne
4695:Eadberht of Lindisfarne
4680:Ceolwulf of Northumbria
4590:Æthelgyth of Coldingham
4429:Eadweard of Maugersbury
4283:Deusdedit of Canterbury
4278:Berhtwald of Canterbury
3634:Monarchs of East Anglia
2675:10.1179/mdh.1985.10.1.1
2147:. New York: Routledge.
2139:. Retrieved 2008-02-09.
1814:Early Anglo-Saxon Coins
1390:Carolingian Connections
1219:Carolingian Connections
1193:Kingship and Government
1138:, 67, pp. 453–454.
622:The Northumbrian king,
455:Eardwulf of Northumbria
249:returned from exile in
5159:Juthwara of Sherbourne
5128:Swithhun of Winchester
5068:Eadweard the Confessor
4978:Æthelgar of Canterbury
4958:Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury
4901:Theodore of Canterbury
4886:Mellitus of Canterbury
4881:Laurence of Canterbury
4866:Honorius of Canterbury
4710:Eadwine of Northumbria
4700:Eadfrith of Leominster
4580:Ælfwald of Northumbria
4464:Frithuwold of Chertsey
4399:Cynehelm of Winchcombe
4394:Cyneburh of Gloucester
4369:Beorhthelm of Stafford
4344:Æthelmod of Leominster
4308:Nothhelm of Canterbury
4293:Eanswith of Folkestone
4232:Indract of Glastonbury
4055:Hiurmine of Blythburgh
4035:Eadmund of East Anglia
3954:Patrick of Glastonbury
3593:Also monarch of Wessex
3584:Also monarch of Mercia
3289:
2994:Rædwald of East Anglia
2654:Thacker, Alan (1985).
2639:. Aldershot: Ashgate.
2635:Story, Joanna (2003).
2200:. BBC. 8 February 2006
1956:Earliest English Kings
1738:Earliest English Kings
1680:Earliest English Kings
1624:Earliest English Kings
1611:Earliest English Kings
1585:Earliest English Kings
1572:Earliest English Kings
1556:Earliest English Kings
1519:Earliest English Kings
1406:Earliest English Kings
1338:Earliest English Kings
1322:Earliest English Kings
1269:Earliest English Kings
1256:Earliest English Kings
1232:Earliest English Kings
1167:Earliest English Kings
995:Earliest English Kings
850:
849:Coenwulf's family tree
753:
659:
568:
506:
491:
328:Background and sources
218:
5212:East Anglian monarchs
5133:Wulfsige of Sherborne
5058:Eadgyth of Polesworth
5048:Eadburh of Winchester
5043:Dunstan of Canterbury
4988:Æthelwine of Athelney
4968:Ælfheah of Winchester
4963:Ælfheah of Canterbury
4927:Lewina of Bishopstone
4917:Cuthflæd of Lyminster
4861:Hadrian of Canterbury
4846:Birinus of Dorchester
4785:Oswine of Northumbria
4780:Oswald of Northumbria
4625:Balthere of Tyningham
4610:Alchhild of Middleham
4585:Æthelburh of Hackness
4519:Rumbold of Buckingham
4459:Frithuswith of Oxford
4434:Ealdgyth of Stortford
4419:Eadburh of Southwell
4339:Æthelberht of Bedford
4334:Ælfthryth of Crowland
4273:Albinus of Canterbury
4237:Maildub of Malmesbury
4181:Grimbald of St Bertin
3909:Congar of Congresbury
3899:Branwalator of Milton
3287:
2489:. London: Routledge.
2386:Early Medieval Corpus
2338:The Anglo-Saxon State
2184:. BBC. 6 October 2004
1637:William of Malmesbury
1506:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1454:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1149:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
848:
841:Family and succession
776:. Before 798 the new
751:
657:
640:Alhred of Northumbria
574:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
558:
530:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
501:
489:
428:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
414:, is described as a "
382:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
5227:Anglo-Saxon warriors
5138:Wulfthryth of Wilton
5108:Humbert of Stokenham
5038:Cwenburh of Wimborne
5023:Beornwald of Bampton
4998:Aldhelm of Sherborne
4922:Cuthmann of Steyning
4876:Justus of Canterbury
4690:Dryhthelm of Melrose
4645:Bercthun of Beverley
4454:Frithuric of Breedon
4439:Earconwald of London
4424:Eadgyth of Aylesbury
4354:Æthelwynn of Sodbury
4298:Eormengyth of Thanet
4212:Aidan of Lindisfarne
4131:Hildelith of Barking
4126:Æthelburh of Barking
4050:Herefrith of Thorney
4005:Æthelwine of Lindsey
3939:Melorius of Amesbury
3288:Offa (757–796)
3009:Oswiu of Northumbria
2908:Ruler of East Anglia
2485:Kirby, D.P. (1992).
2263:Blair, John (2006).
2086:. Penguin Classics.
1816:(2008), 43–45.
671:, already Bishop of
340:, but within a year
5103:Hædde of Winchester
5073:Eadweard the Martyr
5033:Cuthburh of Wimborn
4973:Æthelflæd of Romsey
4896:Peter of Canterbury
4775:Osthryth of Bardney
4665:Ceadda of Lichfield
4544:Wulfhild of Barking
4529:Werburgh of Chester
4504:Oswald of Worcester
4494:Milred of Worcester
4479:Mildburh of Wenlock
4469:Hæmma of Leominster
4414:Eadburh of Pershore
4409:Eadburh of Bicester
4196:Wulfram of Grantham
4186:Monegunda of Watton
4095:Walstan of Bawburgh
4085:Torthred of Thorney
4045:Guthlac of Crowland
3995:Æthelflæd of Ramsey
3934:Judoc of Winchester
3924:Elfin of Warrington
3894:Brannoc of Braunton
3818:also king of Mercia
3024:Æthelbald of Mercia
2812:Coenwulf of Mercia
2616:Anglo-Saxon England
2392:on 18 February 2008
2216:. BBC. 29 June 2006
2118:. London: Penguin.
1969:Anglo-Saxon England
1933:, pp. 118–119.
1779:, pp. 284–288.
1766:, pp. 229–230.
1764:Anglo-Saxon England
1751:Anglo-Saxon England
1706:Anglo-Saxon England
1695:, pp. 120–125.
1682:, pp. 169–170.
1654:Anglo-Saxon England
1480:Anglo-Saxon England
1366:, 205, p. 793.
1353:, 204, p. 791.
1309:Anglo-Saxon England
982:Anglo-Saxon England
819:Spink auction house
350:Beorhtric of Wessex
198:[ˈkøːnwuɫf]
133:Cynegyth (possibly)
5192:8th-century births
5164:Rumbold of Mechlin
5028:Centwine of Wessex
5008:Beocca of Chertsey
4810:Wilfrith of Hexham
4805:Wihtberht of Ripon
4715:Ealdberht of Ripon
4685:Cuthbert of Durham
4615:Alchmund of Hexham
4600:Æthelwold of Farne
4595:Æthelsige of Ripon
4509:Osburh of Coventry
4489:Mildrith of Thanet
4449:Freomund of Mercia
4389:Cyneburh of Castor
4374:Coenwulf of Mercia
4349:Æthelred of Mercia
4313:Sigeburh of Thanet
4303:Mildrith of Thanet
4263:Æthelburh of Kent
4258:Æthelberht of Kent
4205:Irish and Scottish
4161:Balthild of Romsey
4080:Tancred of Thorney
4020:Botwulf of Thorney
4010:Athwulf of Thorney
4000:Æthelthryth of Ely
3969:Sativola of Exeter
3959:Rumon of Tavistock
3944:Nectan of Hartland
3919:Decuman of Watchet
3290:
3094:Monarchs of Mercia
3019:Æthelred of Mercia
3014:Wulfhere of Mercia
3004:Oswald of Bernicia
2989:Æthelberht of Kent
2312:Brown, Michelle P.
2163:Whitelock, Dorothy
2022:Kings and Kingdoms
2009:Kings and Kingdoms
1931:Kings and Kingdoms
1920:Ælfthryth 3, PASE.
1598:Kings and Kingdoms
1467:Kings and Kingdoms
1419:Kings and Kingdoms
1377:Kings and Kingdoms
1180:Kings and Kingdoms
1026:Kings and Kingdoms
1008:Kings and Kingdoms
937:Peterborough Abbey
913:battle of Ellendun
851:
754:
660:
593:Caradog ap Meirion
569:
492:
440:Cenwealh of Wessex
432:Anglian collection
5177:
5176:
5154:Arilda of Oldbury
5118:Mærwynn of Romsey
5063:Eadgyth of Wilton
5053:Eadgar of England
4953:Ælfgifu of Exeter
4948:Ælfgar of Selwood
4800:Tatberht of Ripon
4735:Ecgberht of Ripon
4670:Cedd of Lichfield
4575:Ælfflæd of Whitby
4539:Wigstan of Repton
4499:Oda of Canterbury
4384:Credan of Evesham
4364:Beonna of Breedon
4217:Boisil of Melrose
4191:Odwulf of Evesham
4040:Eadnoth of Ramsey
4025:Cissa of Crowland
3914:Dachuna of Bodmin
3889:Barloc of Norbury
3836:
3835:
3765:Edmund the Martyr
3600:
3599:
3530:Eadberht III Præn
3347:
3346:
3101:Kingdom of Mercia
3060:
3059:
3034:Cœnwulf of Mercia
2984:Ceawlin of Wessex
2935:
2934:
2903:
2881:Succeeded by
2854:Succeeded by
2783:978-1-85264-027-9
2776:. London: Seaby.
2759:978-0-14-014395-9
2752:. Penguin Books.
2739:978-0-8264-7765-1
2719:978-0-333-56797-5
2646:978-0-7546-0124-1
2627:978-0-19-821716-9
2610:Stenton, Frank M.
2601:978-0-8264-7765-1
2586:Stafford, Pauline
2558:978-0-8264-7765-1
2535:978-0-631-22492-1
2516:978-0-631-22492-1
2496:978-0-415-09086-5
2477:978-0-8264-7765-1
2457:978-0-631-22492-1
2437:978-0-631-22492-1
2417:978-0-631-22492-1
2373:978-0-14-014395-9
2366:. Penguin Books.
2347:978-1-85285-176-7
2325:978-0-8264-7765-1
2303:978-0-7185-0041-2
2274:978-0-19-921117-3
2175:Secondary sources
2154:978-0-415-92129-9
2125:978-0-14-044565-7
2112:Leo Sherley-Price
2093:978-0-14-044409-4
1858:"Coenwulf mancus"
1812:Gareth Williams,
1508:, pp. 58–59.
1097:Anglo-Saxon State
718:Minster-in-Thanet
426:According to the
187:
186:
55:+ coenvvulf rex m
16:(Redirected from
5239:
5207:Kentish monarchs
5202:Mercian monarchs
5088:Edor of Chertsey
5078:Eadwold of Cerne
4943:Æbbe of Abingdon
4891:Paulinus of York
4871:James the Deacon
4820:Wilgils of Ripon
4790:Sicgred of Ripon
4765:John of Beverley
4660:Botwine of Ripon
4635:Bega of Copeland
4620:Alkmund of Derby
4444:Egwin of Evesham
4379:Cotta of Breedon
4329:Ælfnoth of Stowe
4268:Æthelred of Kent
4227:Ultan the Scribe
4176:Helier of Jersey
4110:Wulfric of Holme
4015:Blida of Martham
3949:Neot of Cornwall
3904:Credan of Bodmin
3884:Aldate of Oxford
3863:
3856:
3849:
3840:
3839:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3627:
3620:
3613:
3604:
3603:
3381:Monarchs of Kent
3374:
3367:
3360:
3351:
3350:
3265:Æthelred II
3260:Ceolwulf II
3087:
3080:
3073:
3064:
3063:
3053:
3039:Egbert of Wessex
2961:
2954:
2947:
2938:
2937:
2917:Preceded by
2897:
2891:Preceded by
2864:Preceded by
2837:Preceded by
2827:
2808:
2807:
2787:
2763:
2750:The Anglo-Saxons
2743:
2723:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2691:
2685:. Archived from
2660:
2650:
2631:
2619:
2605:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2562:
2539:
2520:
2500:
2481:
2461:
2441:
2421:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2377:
2364:The Anglo-Saxons
2360:Wormald, Patrick
2351:
2329:
2307:
2290:Brooks, Nicholas
2278:
2259:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2170:
2158:
2129:
2110:. Translated by
2097:
2085:
2076:Lapidge, Michael
2052:
2050:
2031:
2025:
2018:
2012:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1978:
1972:
1965:
1959:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1934:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1912:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1830:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1793:
1786:
1780:
1773:
1767:
1760:
1754:
1747:
1741:
1734:
1725:
1718:
1709:
1702:
1696:
1689:
1683:
1676:
1670:
1663:
1657:
1650:
1644:
1633:
1627:
1620:
1614:
1607:
1601:
1594:
1588:
1581:
1575:
1568:
1559:
1552:
1535:
1532:The Anglo-Saxons
1528:
1522:
1515:
1509:
1502:
1496:
1489:
1483:
1476:
1470:
1463:
1457:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1428:
1422:
1415:
1409:
1402:
1393:
1386:
1380:
1373:
1367:
1360:
1354:
1347:
1341:
1334:
1328:
1318:
1312:
1305:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1278:
1272:
1265:
1259:
1252:
1235:
1228:
1222:
1215:
1209:
1202:
1196:
1189:
1183:
1176:
1170:
1163:
1152:
1145:
1139:
1132:
1126:
1123:The Anglo-Saxons
1119:
1113:
1106:
1100:
1093:
1087:
1076:
1070:
1063:
1054:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1029:
1022:
1011:
1004:
998:
991:
985:
978:
972:
965:
933:Sanctus Kenulfus
917:Egbert of Wessex
900:Winchcombe Abbey
869:Alfred the Great
601:Hywel ap Caradog
526:Sigeric of Essex
522:kingdom of Essex
320:had begun under
200:
195:
123:Winchcombe Abbey
57:
56:
44:
32:
31:
21:
5247:
5246:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5182:
5181:
5178:
5173:
5142:
4931:
4905:
4824:
4770:Osana of Howden
4750:Hilda of Whitby
4640:Benedict Biscop
4548:
4524:Tibba of Ryhall
4317:
4241:
4200:
4171:Felix of Dommoc
4153:
4151:
4145:
4141:Sæbbi of London
4114:
4105:Wihtburh of Ely
4090:Tova of Thorney
4070:Seaxburh of Ely
4065:Pega of Peakirk
4060:Huna of Thorney
3973:
3877:British / Welsh
3872:
3867:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3799:
3636:
3631:
3601:
3596:
3569:
3383:
3378:
3348:
3343:
3312:
3291:
3279:
3215:Ceolwulf I
3165:Æthelred I
3102:
3096:
3091:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3043:
2970:
2965:
2930:
2922:
2911:
2896:
2886:
2877:
2869:
2859:
2850:
2842:
2821:
2820:
2813:
2795:
2790:
2784:
2766:
2760:
2747:
2740:
2727:
2720:
2704:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2663:Midland History
2658:
2653:
2647:
2634:
2628:
2608:
2602:
2589:
2576:
2574:
2565:
2559:
2546:
2536:
2523:
2517:
2504:
2497:
2484:
2478:
2465:
2458:
2445:
2438:
2425:
2418:
2405:
2395:
2393:
2380:
2374:
2356:Campbell, James
2354:
2348:
2334:Campbell, James
2332:
2326:
2310:
2304:
2288:
2285:32 (1963), 1–74
2275:
2262:
2256:
2243:
2219:
2217:
2212:
2203:
2201:
2196:
2187:
2185:
2180:
2177:
2161:
2155:
2142:
2126:
2100:
2094:
2070:
2067:
2065:Primary sources
2061:
2056:
2055:
2047:
2032:
2028:
2019:
2015:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1979:
1975:
1966:
1962:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1937:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1906:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1787:
1783:
1774:
1770:
1761:
1757:
1748:
1744:
1735:
1728:
1719:
1712:
1703:
1699:
1690:
1686:
1677:
1673:
1664:
1660:
1651:
1647:
1634:
1630:
1621:
1617:
1608:
1604:
1595:
1591:
1582:
1578:
1569:
1562:
1553:
1538:
1529:
1525:
1516:
1512:
1503:
1499:
1490:
1486:
1477:
1473:
1464:
1460:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1416:
1412:
1403:
1396:
1387:
1383:
1374:
1370:
1361:
1357:
1348:
1344:
1335:
1331:
1319:
1315:
1306:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1266:
1262:
1253:
1238:
1229:
1225:
1216:
1212:
1203:
1199:
1190:
1186:
1177:
1173:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1142:
1133:
1129:
1120:
1116:
1107:
1103:
1094:
1090:
1077:
1073:
1064:
1057:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1032:
1023:
1014:
1005:
1001:
992:
988:
979:
975:
966:
962:
957:
945:
843:
746:
652:
634:. Eardwulf had
484:
424:
330:
201:; also spelled
193:
150:
134:
125:
106:
58:
54:
53:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5245:
5235:
5234:
5232:Mercian saints
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5150:
5148:
5147:Unclear origin
5144:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4939:
4937:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4913:
4911:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4832:
4830:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4760:Iwig of Wilton
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4730:Eata of Hexham
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4630:Beda of Jarrow
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4560:Acca of Hexham
4556:
4554:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4359:Aldwyn of Coln
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4222:Echa of Crayke
4219:
4214:
4208:
4206:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4166:Bertha of Kent
4163:
4157:
4155:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4122:
4120:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3981:
3979:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3866:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3843:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3630:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3607:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3377:
3376:
3369:
3362:
3354:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3338:
3331:
3328:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3299:
3297:
3296:Later monarchs
3293:
3292:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3106:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3090:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3067:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3029:Offa of Mercia
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2999:Edwin of Deira
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2979:Ælle of Sussex
2975:
2972:
2971:
2964:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2941:
2933:
2932:
2923:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2904:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2879:
2874:King of Mercia
2870:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2852:
2843:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2832:Regnal titles
2829:
2828:
2814:
2811:
2806:
2805:
2794:
2793:External links
2791:
2789:
2788:
2782:
2768:Yorke, Barbara
2764:
2758:
2744:
2738:
2724:
2718:
2702:
2692:on 29 May 2008
2651:
2645:
2632:
2626:
2606:
2600:
2583:
2572:New York Times
2563:
2557:
2540:
2534:
2521:
2515:
2501:
2495:
2482:
2476:
2462:
2456:
2442:
2436:
2422:
2416:
2402:
2378:
2372:
2358:; John, Eric;
2352:
2346:
2330:
2324:
2308:
2302:
2286:
2279:
2273:
2260:
2254:
2240:
2226:
2210:
2194:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2159:
2153:
2140:
2130:
2124:
2098:
2092:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2045:
2026:
2013:
2011:, p. 119.
2000:
1994:978-0521673426
1993:
1973:
1971:, p. 230.
1960:
1958:, p. 212.
1947:
1935:
1922:
1913:
1900:
1878:
1869:
1863:British Museum
1849:
1840:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1817:
1803:
1794:
1792:, p. 221.
1781:
1768:
1755:
1742:
1740:, p. 186.
1726:
1724:, p. 491.
1710:
1708:, p. 227.
1697:
1684:
1671:
1658:
1645:
1643:, p. 119.
1628:
1626:, p. 174.
1615:
1613:, p. 197.
1602:
1589:
1587:, p. 155.
1576:
1574:, p. 188.
1560:
1558:, p. 187.
1536:
1534:, p. 101.
1523:
1521:, p. 189.
1510:
1497:
1495:, p. 232.
1484:
1482:, p. 305.
1471:
1458:
1445:
1423:
1410:
1408:, p. 179.
1394:
1392:, p. 142.
1381:
1379:, p. 121.
1368:
1355:
1342:
1340:, p. 185.
1329:
1313:
1311:, p. 225.
1295:
1273:
1260:
1258:, p. 178.
1236:
1234:, p. 156.
1223:
1221:, p. 145.
1210:
1208:, p. 228.
1197:
1184:
1182:, p. 120.
1171:
1169:, p. 177.
1153:
1140:
1127:
1114:
1108:Hunter Blair,
1101:
1099:, p. 144.
1088:
1082:in Whitelock,
1071:
1069:, p. 111.
1055:
1042:
1030:
1028:, p. 118.
1012:
999:
997:, p. 167.
986:
984:, p. 210.
973:
971:, p. 306.
959:
958:
956:
953:
952:
951:
944:
941:
842:
839:
835:Double Leopard
823:British Museum
745:
742:
710:Pope Hadrian I
651:
648:
595:, the King of
565:British Museum
483:
480:
423:
420:
404:Ismere Diploma
369:Alcuin of York
356:, whose king,
329:
326:
185:
184:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
161:
155:
154:
145:
139:
138:
131:
127:
126:
121:
119:
115:
114:
103:
99:
98:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
64:King of Mercia
60:
59:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5244:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5180:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5145:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4934:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4908:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4827:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4320:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:and Old Saxon
4148:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3976:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3964:Samson of Dol
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3929:Ivo of Ramsey
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3864:
3859:
3857:
3852:
3850:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3805:
3802:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3725:Æthelberht II
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3639:
3635:
3628:
3623:
3621:
3616:
3614:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3375:
3370:
3368:
3363:
3361:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3339:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3320:Also King of
3319:
3318:
3315:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3286:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:527–918
3099:
3095:
3088:
3083:
3081:
3076:
3074:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2962:
2957:
2955:
2950:
2948:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2929:
2928:
2921:
2915:
2910:
2909:
2902:
2901:
2895:
2889:
2885:
2876:
2875:
2868:
2862:
2858:
2849:
2848:
2841:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2809:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2785:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2755:
2751:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2732:. Continuum.
2731:
2725:
2721:
2715:
2712:. Macmillan.
2711:
2707:
2706:Williams, Ann
2703:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2638:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2618:
2617:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2594:. Continuum.
2593:
2587:
2584:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2551:. Continuum.
2550:
2544:
2543:Nelson, Janet
2541:
2537:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2473:
2470:. Continuum.
2469:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2449:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2419:
2413:
2409:
2403:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2318:. Continuum.
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2239:
2238:0-521-03177-X
2235:
2231:
2227:
2215:
2211:
2199:
2195:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2121:
2117:
2114:. Revised by
2113:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2084:
2083:
2077:
2073:
2072:Keynes, Simon
2069:
2068:
2048:
2042:
2038:
2030:
2023:
2017:
2010:
2004:
1996:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1977:
1970:
1964:
1957:
1951:
1942:
1940:
1932:
1926:
1917:
1910:
1904:
1889:. Sean Miller
1888:
1882:
1873:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1853:
1844:
1835:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1798:
1791:
1785:
1778:
1772:
1765:
1759:
1752:
1746:
1739:
1733:
1731:
1723:
1717:
1715:
1707:
1701:
1694:
1688:
1681:
1675:
1668:
1662:
1655:
1649:
1642:
1641:Early History
1638:
1632:
1625:
1619:
1612:
1606:
1600:, p. 95.
1599:
1593:
1586:
1580:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1557:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1533:
1527:
1520:
1514:
1507:
1501:
1494:
1488:
1481:
1475:
1469:, p. 51.
1468:
1462:
1456:, p. 56.
1455:
1449:
1434:. Sean Miller
1433:
1427:
1421:, p. 32.
1420:
1414:
1407:
1401:
1399:
1391:
1385:
1378:
1372:
1365:
1359:
1352:
1346:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1310:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1284:. Sean Miller
1283:
1277:
1270:
1264:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1233:
1227:
1220:
1214:
1207:
1201:
1195:, p. 29.
1194:
1188:
1181:
1175:
1168:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1151:, p. 50.
1150:
1144:
1137:
1131:
1124:
1118:
1111:
1110:Roman Britain
1105:
1098:
1092:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1053:, p. 787
1052:
1046:
1037:
1035:
1027:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1010:, p. 64.
1009:
1003:
996:
990:
983:
977:
970:
964:
960:
950:
947:
946:
940:
938:
934:
930:
925:
920:
918:
914:
908:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
876:
874:
870:
866:
861:
857:
847:
838:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
815:
814:vico Duristat
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
790:
788:
784:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
750:
741:
738:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
702:
700:
696:
691:
689:
685:
681:
676:
674:
670:
665:
656:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
585:
583:
579:
575:
566:
562:
557:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
518:
516:
512:
505:
500:
497:
488:
479:
477:
473:
469:
468:Eadberht Præn
463:
461:
456:
452:
448:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
383:
376:
374:
370:
366:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
325:
323:
319:
314:
310:
305:
303:
299:
294:
291:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
247:Eadberht Præn
244:
240:
237:, the son of
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
199:
191:
182:
178:
175:
172:
168:
165:
162:
160:
156:
153:
149:
146:
144:
140:
137:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
113:
109:
104:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
83:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:
61:
49:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
5179:
4655:Bosa of York
4553:Northumbrian
4373:
3978:East Anglian
3739:
3539:
3490:Æthelbert II
3417:Æthelberht I
3337:overlordship
3333:Recognising
3204:
3033:
2927:King of Kent
2925:
2906:
2899:
2898:
2872:
2845:
2823:
2815:
2772:
2749:
2729:
2709:
2694:. Retrieved
2687:the original
2666:
2662:
2636:
2615:
2591:
2575:. Retrieved
2571:
2548:
2525:
2506:
2486:
2467:
2447:
2427:
2407:
2394:. Retrieved
2390:the original
2385:
2363:
2337:
2315:
2293:
2282:
2264:
2245:
2229:
2218:. Retrieved
2202:. Retrieved
2186:. Retrieved
2166:
2144:
2106:
2081:
2036:
2029:
2021:
2016:
2008:
2003:
1983:
1976:
1968:
1963:
1955:
1950:
1930:
1925:
1916:
1908:
1903:
1891:. Retrieved
1881:
1872:
1861:
1852:
1843:
1834:
1820:
1819:John Blair,
1813:
1806:
1797:
1789:
1784:
1776:
1771:
1763:
1758:
1750:
1745:
1737:
1721:
1705:
1700:
1692:
1687:
1679:
1674:
1666:
1661:
1653:
1648:
1640:
1631:
1623:
1618:
1610:
1605:
1597:
1592:
1584:
1579:
1571:
1555:
1531:
1526:
1518:
1513:
1505:
1500:
1492:
1487:
1479:
1474:
1466:
1461:
1453:
1448:
1436:. Retrieved
1426:
1418:
1413:
1405:
1389:
1384:
1376:
1371:
1363:
1358:
1350:
1345:
1337:
1332:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1308:
1286:. Retrieved
1276:
1268:
1263:
1255:
1231:
1226:
1218:
1213:
1205:
1200:
1192:
1187:
1179:
1174:
1166:
1148:
1143:
1135:
1130:
1125:, pp. 95–98.
1122:
1117:
1112:, pp. 14–15.
1109:
1104:
1096:
1091:
1083:
1080:Pope Leo III
1074:
1066:
1050:
1045:
1025:
1007:
1002:
994:
989:
981:
976:
968:
963:
932:
921:
909:
904:Simon Keynes
877:
852:
813:
798:Bedfordshire
791:
777:
755:
734:
703:
692:
680:Pope Leo III
677:
661:
621:
586:
581:
573:
570:
545:
541:
537:
529:
519:
514:
507:
502:
496:Pope Leo III
493:
478:was sacked.
464:
460:Carolingians
451:river Severn
444:
427:
425:
415:
390:
380:
377:
362:
331:
306:
287:
259:anathematise
255:Pope Leo III
210:
206:
202:
194:Old English:
189:
188:
29:
4910:South Saxon
4815:Wilfrith II
3775:Æthelred II
3520:Ecgberht II
3500:Eadberht II
3430:Eorcenberht
3326:East Anglia
2912:c. 805–821
2577:11 February
2396:11 February
2220:11 February
2204:11 February
2188:11 February
2133:Ælfthryth 3
2116:R.E. Latham
1665:Whitelock,
1362:Whitelock,
1349:Whitelock,
1134:Whitelock,
856:Cwoenthryth
810:Charlemagne
794:Biggleswade
774:London mint
770:East Anglia
714:Cwoenthryth
387:Old English
373:Charlemagne
354:East Anglia
322:King Egbert
302:Cwoenthryth
279:Northumbria
267:East Anglia
78:Predecessor
5197:821 deaths
5186:Categories
4936:West Saxon
4119:East Saxon
3795:Guthrum II
3760:Æthelweard
3720:Æthelred I
3565:Æthelberht
3545:Ceolwulf I
3485:Eadbert I
3440:Ecgberht I
3335:West Saxon
3250:Beorhtwulf
2968:Bretwaldas
2884:Ceolwulf I
2696:10 January
2255:0198203942
2059:References
2046:0198203942
1893:2 February
1438:2 February
1288:2 February
1191:Williams,
1121:Campbell,
1095:Campbell,
924:John Blair
896:Winchcombe
888:Flintshire
880:Basingwerk
860:Winchcombe
812:inscribed
802:River Ivel
766:Canterbury
722:Stephen IV
688:Æthelheard
542:subregulus
472:Æthelheard
416:subregulus
395:West Saxon
290:Archbishop
257:agreed to
221:) was the
152:Cwenthryth
112:Flintshire
108:Basingwerk
92:Ceolwulf I
5093:Evorhilda
4150:Frisian,
3823:sub-kings
3790:Æthelwold
3780:Guthrum I
3755:Æthelstan
3750:Beornwulf
3695:Æthelwold
3690:Æthelhere
3675:Sigeberht
3560:Æthelstan
3555:Æthelwulf
3465:Swæfberht
3460:Swæfheard
3445:Hlothhere
3435:Eormenred
3426:Æðelwald
3412:Eormenric
3303:Æthelstan
3270:Æthelflæd
3220:Beornwulf
3185:Æthelbald
2847:Bretwalda
2799:Cenwulf 3
2683:0047-729X
1967:Stenton,
1762:Stenton,
1749:Stenton,
1704:Stenton,
1652:Stenton,
1504:Swanton,
1478:Stenton,
1452:Swanton,
1307:Stenton,
1147:Swanton,
980:Stenton,
789:in Kent.
787:Rochester
730:Deneberht
726:Paschal I
673:Lichfield
669:Hygeberht
605:Snowdonia
582:Chronicle
578:Kempsford
550:ealdorman
391:Chronicle
334:Æthelbald
219:Coenulfus
183:Christian
174:Cuthberht
164:C-dynasty
136:Ælfthryth
88:Successor
4484:Mildgyth
4152:Frankish
4100:Wendreda
3808:co-kings
3745:Ceolwulf
3700:Ealdwulf
3670:Ricberht
3665:Eorpwald
3540:Coenwulf
3525:Ealhmund
3515:Heaberht
3495:Eardwulf
3235:Ecgberht
3210:Cynehelm
3205:Coenwulf
3200:Ecgfrith
3190:Beornred
3180:Ceolwald
3160:Wulfhere
3120:Cynewald
2931:807–821
2878:796–821
2867:Ecgfrith
2857:Ecgberht
2851:796–821
2770:(1990).
2708:(1999).
2669:: 1–25.
2612:(1971).
2362:(1991).
2336:(2000).
2292:(1984).
2165:(1968).
2078:(2004).
1823:(2018),
1691:Brooks,
943:See also
892:Ceolwulf
884:Holywell
865:Cynehelm
783:moneyers
778:tribrach
684:Jænberht
632:Eardwulf
624:Æthelred
613:Anglesey
589:Rhuddlan
399:Charters
365:Ecgfrith
358:Æthelred
348:married
338:Beornred
313:Cynehelm
309:Conquest
298:Ceolwulf
283:Eardwulf
235:Ecgfrith
211:Kenwulph
190:Coenwulf
180:Religion
148:Cynehelm
82:Ecgfrith
52:Legend:
35:Coenwulf
18:Coenwulf
4720:Eanmund
4534:Wærstan
4474:Merefin
4322:Mercian
4246:Kentish
3740:Cœnwulf
3735:Eadwald
3715:Alberht
3705:Ælfwald
3660:Rædwald
3579:Eadbald
3550:Baldred
3535:Cuthred
3510:Eanmund
3505:Sigered
3475:Wihtred
3422:Eadbald
3392:Hengest
3275:Ælfwynn
3255:Burgred
3245:Wigstan
3240:Wigmund
3175:Ceolred
3170:Coenred
2920:Cuthred
2900:as King
2894:Eadwald
2020:Yorke,
2007:Yorke,
1954:Kirby,
1929:Yorke,
1866:. 2006.
1736:Kirby,
1678:Kirby,
1622:Kirby,
1609:Kirby,
1596:Yorke,
1583:Kirby,
1570:Kirby,
1554:Kirby,
1517:Kirby,
1465:Yorke,
1417:Yorke,
1404:Kirby,
1388:Story,
1375:Yorke,
1336:Kirby,
1320:Kirby,
1267:Kirby,
1254:Kirby,
1230:Kirby,
1217:Story,
1178:Yorke,
1165:Kirby,
1024:Yorke,
1006:Yorke,
993:Kirby,
768:and in
744:Coinage
706:Wulfred
699:Lindsey
664:diocese
636:Alhmund
597:Gwynedd
534:Sigered
511:Cuthred
410:of the
346:Eadburh
293:Wulfred
271:Eadwald
263:blinded
251:Francia
203:Cenwulf
73:796–821
4851:Blaise
4755:Hyglac
4136:Osgyth
3785:Eohric
3770:Oswald
3710:Beonna
3680:Ecgric
3655:Tytila
3470:Oswine
3450:Eadric
3308:Eadgar
3230:Wiglaf
3225:Ludeca
3125:Creoda
3115:Cnebba
2822:
2780:
2756:
2736:
2716:
2681:
2643:
2624:
2598:
2555:
2532:
2513:
2493:
2474:
2454:
2434:
2414:
2370:
2344:
2322:
2300:
2271:
2252:
2236:
2151:
2122:
2090:
2043:
1991:
1909:Mercia
1825:p. 230
1790:Mercia
1493:Mercia
1206:Mercia
806:mancus
628:Osbald
447:Hwicce
412:Hwicce
408:Oshere
393:was a
318:Wessex
227:Mercia
207:Kenulf
170:Father
130:Spouse
118:Burial
48:mancus
4829:Roman
3828:Danes
3650:Wuffa
3645:Wehha
3480:Alric
3397:Horsa
3155:Oswiu
3150:Peada
3140:Penda
3135:Cearl
3130:Pybba
2824:Died:
2690:(PDF)
2659:(PDF)
955:Notes
929:relic
882:near
873:Asser
758:penny
737:hides
695:Louth
644:Derby
617:Dyfed
561:bulla
559:Lead
482:Reign
436:Penda
275:Welsh
231:Pybba
215:Latin
209:, or
159:House
143:Issue
70:Reign
46:Gold
4740:Eoda
3730:Offa
3685:Anna
3407:Octa
3402:Oisc
3324:and
3322:Kent
3195:Offa
3145:Eowa
3110:Icel
2840:Offa
2778:ISBN
2754:ISBN
2734:ISBN
2714:ISBN
2698:2008
2679:ISSN
2641:ISBN
2622:ISBN
2596:ISBN
2579:2008
2553:ISBN
2530:ISBN
2511:ISBN
2491:ISBN
2472:ISBN
2452:ISBN
2432:ISBN
2412:ISBN
2398:2008
2368:ISBN
2342:ISBN
2320:ISBN
2298:ISBN
2269:ISBN
2250:ISBN
2234:ISBN
2222:2008
2206:2008
2190:2008
2149:ISBN
2120:ISBN
2102:Bede
2088:ISBN
2041:ISBN
1989:ISBN
1895:2008
1440:2008
1290:2008
829:and
762:Offa
609:Rhos
342:Offa
243:Kent
239:Offa
223:king
102:Died
3455:Mul
2826:821
2801:at
2671:doi
2135:at
931:of
796:in
697:in
548:or
546:dux
538:rex
225:of
105:821
5188::
2677:.
2667:10
2665:.
2661:.
2570:.
2384:.
2074:;
1938:^
1860:.
1729:^
1713:^
1563:^
1539:^
1397:^
1298:^
1239:^
1156:^
1058:^
1033:^
1015:^
939:.
886:,
837:.
619:.
552:.
462:.
285:.
217::
213:;
205:,
110:,
3862:e
3855:t
3848:v
3626:e
3619:t
3612:v
3581:)
3373:e
3366:t
3359:v
3086:e
3079:t
3072:v
2960:e
2953:t
2946:v
2786:.
2762:.
2742:.
2722:.
2700:.
2673::
2649:.
2630:.
2604:.
2581:.
2561:.
2538:.
2519:.
2499:.
2480:.
2460:.
2440:.
2420:.
2400:.
2376:.
2350:.
2328:.
2306:.
2277:.
2258:.
2224:.
2208:.
2192:.
2157:.
2128:.
2096:.
2049:.
1997:.
1897:.
1827:.
1442:.
1292:.
567:)
192:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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