31:
738:
3274:
675:, the Archbishop of Canterbury at the time of the division; but Leo responded that the only reason the papacy agreed to the creation was because of the size of the kingdom of Mercia. The comments of both Coenwulf and Leo are partisan, as each had his own reasons for representing the situation as they did: Coenwulf was entreating Leo to make London the sole southern archdiocese, while Leo was concerned to avoid the appearance of complicity with the unworthy motives Coenwulf imputed to Offa. Coenwulf's desire to move the southern archbishopric to London would have been influenced by the situation in Kent, where Archbishop
697:. Wulfred was given freedom to mint coins that did not name Coenwulf on the reverse, probably indicating that Wulfred was on good terms with the Mercian king. In 808 there was evidently a rift of some kind: a letter from Pope Leo to Charlemagne mentioned that Coenwulf had not yet made peace with Wulfred. After this no further discord is mentioned until 816, when Wulfred presided over a council which attacked lay control of religious houses. The council, held at Chelsea, asserted that Coenwulf did not have the right to make appointments to nunneries and monasteries, although both Leo and his predecessor,
545:
419:, Ecgfrith only reigned for 141 days. Offa is known to have died in 796, on either 26 July or 29 July, so Ecgfrith's date of death is either 14 December or 17 December of the same year. Coenwulf succeeded Ecgfrith as king. Coenwulf's father's name was Cuthberht, who may have been the same person as an ealdorman of that name who witnessed charters during the reign of Offa. Coenwulf is also recorded as witnessing charters during Offa's reign. According to the genealogy of Mercian kings preserved in the
891:). A mid-11th-century source asserts that Cynehelm briefly succeeded to the throne while still a child and was then murdered by his tutor Æscberht at the behest of Cwoenthryth. This version of events "bristles with historical problems", according to one historian, and it is also possible that Cynehelm is to be identified with an ealdorman who is found witnessing charters earlier in Coenwulf's reign, and who appears to have died by about 812. The opinion of historians is not unanimous on this point:
635:, in Mercian territory, perhaps implying Mercian involvement in Northumbrian politics at the time. Coenwulf gave hospitality to Eardwulf's enemies, who had been exiled from Northumbria, and consequently Eardwulf invaded Mercia in 801. The invasion was inconclusive, however, and peace was arranged on equal terms. Coenwulf may also have been behind the coup in 806 that led to Eardwulf losing his throne, and he likely continued to support Eardwulf's enemies after Eardwulf returned in 808.
690:. On 18 January 802 Æthelheard received a papal privilege that re-established his authority over all the churches in the archdiocese of Lichfield as well as those of Canterbury. Æthelheard held a council at Clovesho on 12 October 803 which finally stripped Lichfield of its archiepiscopal status. However, it appears that Hygeberht had already been removed from his office; a Hygeberht attended the council of Clovesho as the head of the Church in Mercia but signed as an abbot.
835:
573:, but he made no move to recover it during Coenwulf's reign. Egbert appears to have been independent of Mercia from the beginning of his reign, and Wessex's independence meant that Coenwulf was never able to claim the overlordship of the southern English that had belonged to Offa and Æthelbald. He did, however, claim the title of "Emperor" on one charter, the only Anglo-Saxon king to do so before the 10th century.
644:
476:
721:, bishop of Worcester, but there is no further record of Wulfred acting as archbishop for the rest of Coenwulf's reign. One account records that the quarrel between Wulfred and Coenwulf led to Wulfred being deprived of his office for six years, with no baptisms taking place during that time, but this may have been an exaggeration, with four years being the more likely term of the suspension.
797:, worth about 30 silver pennies, is only the eighth-known Anglo-Saxon gold coin dating to the mid-to-late Anglo-Saxon period. The coin's inscription, "DE VICO LVNDONIAE", indicates that it was minted in London. It has seen little or no circulation, as it was probably lost shortly after it was issued. The similarity to a coin of
487:
that
Eadberht was a pretender. The basis for this assertion was that Eadberht had reportedly been a priest, and as such had given up any right to the throne. Coenwulf wrote to the Pope and asked Leo to consider making London the seat of the southern archbishopric, removing the honour from Canterbury;
454:
Coenwulf's early reign was marked by a breakdown in
Mercian control in southern England. In East Anglia, King Eadwald minted coins at about this time, implying that he was no longer subject to Mercia. A charter of 799 seems to show that Wessex and Mercia were estranged for some time before that date,
390:
dating from
Coenwulf's reign have survived; these were documents granting land to followers or to churchmen and were witnessed by the kings who had the authority to grant the land. A charter might record the names of both a subject king and his overlord on the witness list appended to the grant. Such
284:
of
Canterbury over the issue of whether laypeople could control religious houses such as monasteries. The breakdown in the relationship between the two eventually reached the point where the archbishop was unable to exercise his duties for at least four years. A partial resolution was reached in 822
492:
And concerning that letter which the most reverend and holy Æthelheard sent to us ... as regards that apostate cleric who mounted to the throne ... we excommunicate and reject him, having regard to the safety of his soul. For if he should still persist in that wicked behaviour, be sure to
560:
The course of events in East Anglia is less clear, but
Eadwald's coinage ceased, and new coinage issued by Coenwulf began by about 805, so it is likely that Coenwulf forcibly re-established Mercian dominance there. The resumption of friendly relations with Wessex under Beorhtric received a setback
769:
type appeared, with a design consisting of three radial lines meeting at the centre. The tribrach design was introduced initially at London alone but soon spread to
Canterbury after it was reconquered from the rebels. It was not struck in East Anglia, but there are tribrach pennies in the name of
728:
and make a payment of 120 pounds to the king. Wulfred is recorded to have agreed to these terms, but the conflict continued well past
Coenwulf's death, with an apparently final agreement between Wulfred and Coenwulf's daughter Cwoenthryth reached in 826 or 827. However, Wulfred officiated at the
915:
has identified evidence that
Coenwulf came to be venerated as a saint, at least by the 12th century, and included him in his 'Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Saints'. The evidence is that the king appears to have been honoured as a 'holy benefactor' at Winchcombe Abbey in the 12th century, and that a
895:
has suggested that the ealdorman is unlikely to be the same person as the prince and that
Cynehelm therefore may well have survived to the end of his father's reign. Regardless of interpretation of Cynehelm's legend, there does appear to have been dynastic discord early in Ceolwulf's reign: a
446:
had, like
Coenwulf, gained his throne in 796, so Alcuin's meaning is not clear, but it may be that he intended it as a slur on Eardwulf or Coenwulf or on both. Alcuin certainly held negative views of Coenwulf, regarding him as a tyrant and criticising him for putting aside one wife and taking
497:
This authorisation from the Pope to proceed against Eadberht was delayed until 798, but once it was received Coenwulf took action. The Mercians captured Eadberht, put out his eyes and cut off his hands, and led him in chains to Mercia, where according to later tradition he was imprisoned at
304:
was murdered to gain the succession. Within two years Ceolwulf had been deposed, and the kingship passed permanently out of Coenwulf's family. Coenwulf was the last king of Mercia to exercise substantial dominance over other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. Within a decade of his death, the rise of
842:
A charter of 799 records a wife of Coenwulf named Cynegyth; the charter is forged, but this detail is possibly accurate. Ælfthryth is more reliably established as Coenwulf's wife, again from charter evidence; she is recorded on charters dated between 804 and 817. Coenwulf's daughter,
364:'s court, "the vengeance of the blood shed by the father has reached the son"; Alcuin added, "This was not a strengthening of the kingdom, but its ruin." Offa died in July 796. Ecgfrith succeeded him but reigned for less than five months before Coenwulf came to the throne.
488:
it is likely that Coenwulf's reasons included the loss of Mercian control over Kent. Leo refused to agree to moving the archiepiscopate to London, but in the same letter he agreed that Eadberht's previous ordination made him ineligible for the throne:
367:
A significant corpus of letters dates from the period, especially from Alcuin, who corresponded with kings, nobles, and ecclesiastics throughout England. Letters between Coenwulf and the papacy also survive. Another key source for the period is the
455:
though the charter is not regarded as undoubtedly genuine. In Kent, an uprising began, probably starting after Ecgfrith's death, though it has been suggested that it began much earlier in the year, before Offa's death. The uprising was led by
2040:, at p. 521, where as indicated in Blair's introduction (at p. 495) the italicization of his name signals that his holiness is attested only in post-Conquest evidence and thus that his status as a pre-Conquest saint is hypothetical.
655:
of Canterbury. The new archdiocese included the sees of Worcester, Hereford, Leicester, Lindsey, Dommoc and Elmham; these were essentially the midland Anglian territories. Canterbury retained the sees in the south and southeast.
442:. It appears that Coenwulf's family were powerful, but they were not of recent Mercian royal lineage. A letter written by Alcuin to the people of Kent in 797 laments that "scarcely anyone is found now of the old stock of kings".
899:
Coenwulf was the last of a series of Mercian kings, beginning with Penda in the early 7th century, to exercise dominance over most or all of southern England. In the years after his death, Mercia's position weakened, and the
896:
document from 825 says that after the death of Coenwulf "much discord and innumerable disagreements arose between various kings, nobles, bishops and ministers of the Church of God on very many matters of secular business".
729:
consecration of Coenwulf's brother and heir, Ceolwulf, on 17 September 822, so it is evident that some accommodation had been reached by that time. Wulfred had probably resumed his archiepiscopal duties earlier that year.
805:
has been taken to suggest that the two coins reflect a rivalry between the two kings, although it is unknown which coin has priority. Initially sold to American collector Allan Davisson for £230,000 at an auction held by
770:
Cuthred, sub-king of Kent. Around 805 a new portrait coinage was introduced to all three of the southern mints. After around 810 a range of reverse designs was introduced, though several were common to many or all of the
502:, on the throne of Kent. Cuthred ruled until the time of his death in 807, after which Coenwulf took control of Kent in name as well as fact. Coenwulf styled himself "King of the Mercians and the Province of Kent" (
851:
which Coenwulf had established as part of the patrimony of his family. Cwoenthryth subsequently was engaged in a long dispute with Archbishop Wulfred over her rights to the monastery. Coenwulf also had a son,
679:
had been forced to flee by Eadberht Præn. Coenwulf would have wished to retain control over the archiepiscopal seat, and at the time he wrote to the pope Kent was independent of Mercia.
493:
inform us quickly, that we may princes and all people dwelling in the island of Britain, exhorting them to expel him from his most wicked rule and procure the safety of his soul.
230:; Ecgfrith only reigned for five months, and Coenwulf ascended the throne in the same year that Offa died. In the early years of Coenwulf's reign he had to deal with a revolt in
4578:
447:
another. Alcuin wrote to a Mercian nobleman to ask him to greet Coenwulf peaceably "if it is possible to do so", implying uncertainty about Coenwulf's policy towards the
5001:
3983:
569:
but was defeated by the men of Wiltshire under the leadership of Weohstan, also an ealdorman. Egbert may also have had a claim on the Kentish throne, according to the
325:, who came to the throne in 716, had established himself as the overlord of the southern Anglo-Saxons by 731. He was assassinated in 757, and was briefly succeeded by
4573:
4327:
724:
In 821, the year of Coenwulf's death, a council was held in London at which Coenwulf threatened to exile Wulfred if the archbishop did not surrender an estate of 300
4991:
4829:
4417:
810:
in 2004, the British Government subsequently put in place an export ban in the hope of saving it for the British public. In February 2006 the coin was bought by the
4342:
4382:
864:, Alfred's wife Ealhswith was descended from Coenwulf through her mother, Eadburh, though Asser does not say which of Coenwulf's children Eadburh descends from.
4583:
5096:
4407:
4532:
807:
4149:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4372:
4352:
1846:
4367:
4215:
667:
Two versions of the events that led to the creation of the new archdiocese appear in the form of an exchange of letters in 798 between Coenwulf and
746:
4708:
3613:
822:
making it the most expensive British coin purchased until then, though the price was exceeded the following July by the third-known example of a
262:. Coenwulf's coinage reappears in 805, indicating that the kingdom was again under Mercian control. Several campaigns of Coenwulf's against the
459:, who had been an exile at Charlemagne's court: Eadberht's cause almost certainly had Carolingian support. Eadberht became king of Kent, and
4286:
3849:
341:
in 789, and Beorhtric became an ally thereafter. In Kent, Offa intervened decisively in the 780s, and at some point became the overlord of
2644:
717:
confirmed Coenwulf's privileges but this did not end the dispute. In 817 Wulfred witnessed two charters in which Coenwulf granted land to
4502:
4174:
565:
records that on the same day that Egbert came to the throne, an ealdorman of the Hwicce named Æthelmund led a force across the Thames at
4437:
4301:
4043:
4018:
3360:
3073:
4457:
753:
and his contemporaries. His very first coins are very similar to the heavy coinage of Offa's last three years, and since the mints at
4462:
647:
The dioceses of England during Coenwulf's reign. The boundary between the archdioceses of Lichfield and Canterbury is shown in bold.
4996:
4179:
5101:
561:
when Beorhtric died and the throne of Wessex passed to Egbert, who, like Eadberht, had been an exile at Charlemagne's court. The
4971:
4728:
2094:
498:
Winchcombe, a religious house closely affiliated with Coenwulf's family. By 801 at the latest Coenwulf had placed his brother,
737:
5210:
5205:
2770:
2746:
2726:
2706:
2633:
2614:
2588:
2545:
2522:
2503:
2483:
2464:
2444:
2424:
2404:
2370:
2360:
2334:
2312:
2290:
2261:
2141:
2112:
2080:
30:
2791:
2556:
2125:
4593:
3606:
2947:
2760:
3273:
1981:
879:, probably while making preparations for a campaign against the Welsh that took place under his brother and successor,
631:, who had reigned from 765 to 774. Alhmund's death was regarded as a martyrdom, and his cult subsequently developed at
2226:
3253:
761:
were under the control of Eadbert Præn and Eadwald, respectively, these earliest pennies must be the product of the
3842:
3622:
2896:
815:
3973:
3713:
1628:; Brooks emphasizes that this is a late source, though he acknowledges the division given is plausible. Brooks,
5200:
4512:
4377:
3599:
3567:
3353:
3066:
2242:
2033:
263:
242:
to claim the Kentish throne, and Coenwulf was forced to wait for papal support before he could intervene. When
289:, but it was not until about 826 that a final settlement was reached between Wulfred and Coenwulf's daughter,
5215:
3763:
3553:
1624:
According to Brooks, the earliest source for the list of dioceses attached to Lichfield is the 12th-century
4276:
4256:
321:
For most of the 8th century, Mercia was dominant among the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms south of the river Humber.
3978:
3748:
3708:
612:
346:
5180:
4803:
3835:
2278:
937:
4568:
3743:
3683:
3678:
270:, in 801, though it is likely that Coenwulf continued to support the opponents of the Northumbrian king
5111:
4844:
3858:
3082:
2862:
2805:
2344:
2322:
819:
758:
211:
152:
52:
4981:
2787:
2121:
5195:
5190:
3346:
3059:
464:
4946:
4332:
3693:
3648:
2982:
4961:
4063:
3663:
3369:
3223:
3027:
2915:
2845:
2694:
1790:
EMC Number 2004.167, Early Medieval Corpus, Fitzwilliam Museum. Now British Museum nr. 2006,0204.1.
651:
In 787, Offa had persuaded the Church to create a new archbishopric at Lichfield, dividing the arch
589:
278:
4976:
4951:
4322:
701:, had granted Offa and Coenwulf the right to do so. Coenwulf had recently appointed his daughter,
5220:
5006:
4824:
4713:
4693:
4683:
4668:
4271:
3778:
3688:
3658:
3653:
2940:
1029:
Lapidge, "Alcuin of York", in Lapidge et al., "Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England", p. 24.
671:. Coenwulf asserted in his letter that Offa wanted the new archdiocese created out of enmity for
620:
443:
271:
4114:
3993:
3478:
4869:
4854:
4688:
4563:
4452:
4357:
4220:
3723:
3703:
3314:
3296:
2882:
2675:
912:
342:
267:
259:
3173:
3012:
1971:
1813:
322:
124:
5121:
5036:
4768:
4613:
4598:
4507:
4422:
3897:
3773:
3758:
3698:
3668:
3643:
3248:
2992:
1875:
1625:
1420:
1270:
856:, who later became known as a saint, with a cult dating from at least the 970s. According to
823:
628:
616:
370:
251:
4588:
4553:
4337:
4246:
3405:
3153:
3007:
2977:
5126:
5056:
4910:
4849:
4698:
4412:
4200:
4038:
3733:
3638:
3633:
3533:
3238:
3203:
2987:
2872:
880:
872:
387:
286:
186:
80:
4941:
4936:
4251:
3548:
3518:
2270:
Blunt, C.E.; Lyon, C.S.S. & Stewart, B.H. "The coinage of southern England, 796–840",
456:
254:, and had his hands cut off. Coenwulf also appears to have lost control of the kingdom of
235:
8:
5185:
5046:
4884:
4492:
4402:
4397:
4033:
4028:
3912:
3882:
3738:
3673:
3508:
3418:
3208:
683:
448:
338:
162:
4956:
4558:
4317:
2186:
5152:
5041:
5016:
4889:
4703:
4603:
4497:
4008:
3932:
3188:
3178:
3168:
3148:
3002:
2933:
2855:
2603:
2069:
925:
901:
687:
597:
581:
428:
420:
353:
326:
223:
70:
352:
Offa appears to have moved to eliminate dynastic rivals to the succession of his son,
5142:
5061:
4723:
4487:
4159:
4023:
4013:
3937:
3753:
3473:
3433:
3423:
3400:
3380:
3243:
3228:
3163:
3158:
2972:
2766:
2742:
2722:
2702:
2667:
2629:
2610:
2584:
2541:
2518:
2499:
2479:
2460:
2440:
2420:
2400:
2356:
2330:
2308:
2300:
2286:
2257:
2238:
2222:
2151:
2137:
2108:
2100:
2076:
2029:
1977:
706:
682:Æthelheard, who had succeeded Jaenberht in 792, had been the abbot of a monastery at
427:
named Cenwealh, of whom there is no other record. It is possible that this refers to
131:
4931:
4129:
2967:
483:
Coenwulf was unwilling to take military action in Kent without acknowledgement from
250:
Eadberht, Coenwulf invaded and retook the kingdom; Eadberht was taken prisoner, was
5066:
4879:
4859:
4753:
4608:
4432:
4098:
3513:
3503:
3483:
3428:
3218:
3213:
3113:
2659:
2574:
905:
888:
857:
624:
522:
514:
510:
310:
111:
96:
2378:
5051:
4773:
4738:
4628:
4261:
4184:
4058:
4048:
3538:
3523:
3498:
3493:
3463:
3410:
3310:
3138:
3128:
3123:
3118:
2908:
2348:
2202:
2170:
2064:
775:
710:
499:
424:
297:
258:
during the early part of his reign, as an independent coinage appears under King
231:
219:
3827:
2626:
Carolingian Connections: Anglo-Saxon England and Carolingian Francia, c. 750–870
544:
386:
production, however, and is sometimes thought to be biased in favour of Wessex.
293:, who had been the main beneficiary of Coenwulf's grants of religious property.
4718:
4653:
4548:
4347:
4210:
4154:
3718:
3458:
3438:
3258:
3183:
3133:
3098:
3017:
2828:
1851:
811:
714:
553:
392:
357:
330:
227:
203:
3988:
3041:
Not listed in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, but held equivalent or greater power.
762:
360:, an English deacon and scholar who spent over a decade as a chief advisor at
5174:
4083:
3952:
3942:
3917:
3468:
2756:
2671:
2598:
2283:
The Early History of the Church of Canterbury: Christ Church from 597 to 1066
698:
463:, the archbishop of Canterbury at that time, fled his see; it is likely that
2663:
2071:
Alfred the Great: Asser's Life of King Alfred and other contemporary sources
615:, was assassinated in April 796, and less than a month later his successor,
4839:
4643:
4387:
3872:
3395:
3390:
3198:
2531:
2060:
1068:
892:
853:
786:
668:
549:
484:
439:
243:
3591:
3543:
3453:
3448:
3291:
676:
460:
4447:
4003:
3887:
3488:
3443:
2104:
844:
798:
782:
725:
375:
361:
290:
255:
4966:
4905:
4225:
2221:
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, reprinted with corrections 2006.
672:
600:. It is not clear if the Mercians were involved in a battle recorded in
5086:
4733:
4623:
4427:
4241:
3783:
884:
876:
868:
848:
834:
790:
754:
718:
702:
604:
in 817 or 818, but the following year Coenwulf and his army devastated
140:
100:
5106:
4522:
3263:
218:
from December 796 until his death in 821. He was a descendant of King
5011:
4793:
4678:
4663:
4638:
4442:
4392:
4266:
4119:
3051:
2956:
2835:
1777:
Gareth Williams, "Mercian Coinage and Authority", in Brown and Farr,
661:
657:
593:
566:
538:
5147:
5081:
5026:
5021:
4874:
4788:
4783:
4763:
4673:
4633:
4517:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4296:
4291:
4281:
4169:
4093:
4088:
3957:
3338:
3329:
King of Mercia during the temporary separation of Mercia and Wessex
3108:
2577:, "Political Women in Mercia, Eighth to Early Tenth Centuries", in
601:
577:
301:
247:
136:
5091:
1519:
Patrick Wormald, "The Age of Offa and Alcuin", in Campbell et al.
588:. A civil war in Gwynedd in the 810s ended with the succession of
434:
Coenwulf's kin may have been connected to the royal family of the
410:
5116:
5071:
5031:
4986:
4834:
4808:
4798:
4778:
4648:
4527:
3907:
3902:
3768:
3233:
771:
694:
652:
585:
580:. By 798 Coenwulf was in a position to invade in return, killing
334:
333:
ousted Beornred and took the throne for himself. Offa's daughter
281:
239:
147:
1480:
Sarah and John Zaluckyj, "Decline", in Zaluckyj & Zaluckyj,
1038:
Letter of Alcuin to Mercian ealdorman Osbert, tr. in Whitelock,
781:
A gold coin bearing the name Coenwulf was discovered in 2001 at
643:
525:. Sigered appears on two charters of Coenwulf's in 811 as king (
4915:
4864:
4743:
4482:
4205:
4164:
4124:
3892:
3877:
3323:
3103:
794:
435:
431:, who was married to (and later repudiated) a sister of Penda.
400:
396:
383:
306:
215:
36:
1193:
Sarah and John Zaluckyj, "Decline", in Zaluckyj and Zaluckyj,
596:
and taking control of Rhufuniog, a small Welsh territory near
592:
in 816 or 817, and Coenwulf invaded again, this time ravaging
5157:
4758:
3998:
3947:
3927:
3922:
3385:
3143:
2997:
2925:
917:
861:
632:
605:
2453:
Keynes, Simon, "Mercia and Wessex in the Ninth Century", in
5076:
4748:
4658:
4618:
4053:
2699:
Kingship and Government in Pre-Conquest England c. 500–1066
2090:
1896:
Pauline Stafford, "Political Womena", in Brown & Farr,
750:
475:
313:, and Mercia never recovered its former position of power.
2235:
Local Saints and Local Churches in the Early Medieval West
2026:
Local Saints and Local Churches in the Early Medieval West
774:. From this date there is also evidence of a new mint, at
529:) of Essex, but his title is reduced thereafter, first to
222:, who ruled Mercia in the early 7th century. He succeeded
521:, presumably abdicating the throne in favour of his son,
1836:
Healey, "Museum Buying Rare Coin to Keep It in Britain".
296:
Coenwulf was succeeded by his brother, Ceolwulf; a post-
887:
where it was buried in St Mary's Abbey (later known as
693:
Archbishop Æthelheard died in 805 and was succeeded by
664:, was the new archdiocese's first and only archbishop.
2737:
Campbell, James; John, Eric; Wormald, Patrick (1991).
2715:
Williams, Gareth, "Mercian Coinage and Authority", in
2645:"Kings, Saints and Monasteries in Pre-Viking Mercia"
2231:
Blair, John, 'A Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Saints', in
1934:
Thacker, "Kings, Saints and Monasteries", p. 8.
2735:Wormald, Patrick, "The Age of Offa and Alcuin", in
2022:John Blair, 'A Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Saints', in
1973:
Religion and Literature in Western England, 600–800
883:, the following year. Coenwulf's body was moved to
2602:
2515:The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England
2496:The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England
2437:The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England
2417:The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England
2397:The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England
2068:
576:In 796 or 797 the Welsh engaged Mercian forces at
3857:
2156:English Historical Documents Volume I c. 500–1042
1067:See the exchange of letters between Coenwulf and
745:The coinage of Coenwulf follows the broad silver
5172:
3579:Also monarch of Wessex, Essex, Sussex and Mercia
1903:
1078:
2762:Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England
2557:"Museum Buying Rare Coin to Keep It in Britain"
2371:"Early Medieval Corpus of Coin Finds, 410–1180"
814:for £357,832 with the help of funding from the
411:Mercia and southern England at Ecgfrith's death
378:narrating the history of the Anglo-Saxons. The
1745:
1711:Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon History
1292:
1290:
1288:
1056:Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England
958:Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England
847:, survived him and inherited the monastery at
3843:
3607:
3354:
3067:
2941:
2237:. Oxford University Press. pp. 495–565.
2028:. Oxford University Press. pp. 495–565.
2023:
1969:
1732:
1661:
1645:, pp. 217–218 & 218 notes 3 & 4.
1635:
1315:The Early History of the Church of Canterbury
1104:
1091:
1054:Simon Keynes, "Coenwulf", in Lapidge et al.,
2717:Brown, Michelle P.; Farr, Carole A. (2001).
2579:Brown, Michelle P.; Farr, Carole A. (2001).
2536:Brown, Michelle P.; Farr, Carole A. (2001).
2455:Brown, Michelle P.; Farr, Carole A. (2001).
2096:Ecclesiastical History of the English People
1930:
1928:
1721:
1719:
1705:
1703:
1555:
1553:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1487:
1474:
1389:
1387:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1187:
1150:
1148:
1146:
713:, died the following January; the new pope,
638:
3621:
1950:
1912:
1687:
1461:
1285:
1260:, p. 179 and n. 122, p. 184.
1174:
1050:
1048:
1009:
1007:
1005:
956:Simon Keynes, "Mercia", in Lapidge et al.,
627:killed in 800; Alhmund was the son of King
395:, for example, where Æthelric, son of king
3850:
3836:
3614:
3600:
3361:
3347:
3074:
3060:
2948:
2934:
1709:S.E. Kelly, "Wulfred", in Lapidge et al.,
1618:
1435:
1130:
1025:
1023:
963:
924:appears in a 12th-century relic list from
908:as the dominant king south of the Humber.
860:'s biographer, the Welsh monk and bishop,
438:, a subkingdom of Mercia around the lower
356:. According to a contemporary letter from
29:
1990:
1937:
1925:
1827:"Ancient coin could fetch £150,000", BBC.
1716:
1700:
1648:
1605:
1592:
1566:
1550:
1526:
1500:
1384:
1371:
1358:
1319:
1226:
1213:
1200:
1161:
1143:
741:A silver penny of Coenwulf from c. AD 807
423:Coenwulf was descended from a brother of
316:
266:are recorded, but only one conflict with
2719:Mercia: An Anglo-Saxon kingdom in Europe
2581:Mercia: An Anglo-Saxon kingdom in Europe
2538:Mercia: An Anglo-Saxon kingdom in Europe
2457:Mercia: An Anglo-Saxon kingdom in Europe
2377:. The Fitzwilliam Museum. Archived from
2305:Mercia: An Anglo-Saxon kingdom in Europe
2217:Blackburn, Mark & Grierson, Philip,
1758:
1579:
1448:
1400:
1045:
1002:
976:
950:
833:
829:
736:
642:
543:
479:Southern England during Coenwulf's reign
474:
349:, was beheaded on Offa's orders in 794.
2492:Lapidge, Michael, "Alcuin of York", in
2233:Thacker, Alan; Sharpe, Richard (2002).
2024:Thacker, Alan; Sharpe, Richard (2002).
1865:"Rare Coin Breaks Auction Record", BBC.
1513:
1345:
1332:
1117:
1020:
989:
517:left for Rome in 798, according to the
234:, which had been under Offa's control.
5173:
3576:Also monarch of East Anglia and Mercia
3081:
2285:. London: Leicester University Press.
1771:
1674:
1032:
709:. Leo died in 816, and his successor,
185:
3831:
3595:
3342:
3055:
2929:
1890:
1868:
1859:
1830:
1821:
1413:
1313:, p. 183, n. 8, quoting Brooks,
1263:
3802:also king of Kent and king of Mercia
3368:
2792:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
2163:
2126:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
789:, England, on a footpath beside the
504:rex Merciorum atque provincie Cancie
2555:Healey, Matthew (6 February 2006).
2256:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2171:"Ancient coin could fetch £150,000"
13:
3272:
2158:. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode.
2053:
1658:, 204 & 205, pp. 791–794.
793:. The 4.33 g (0.153 oz)
391:a witness list can be seen on the
14:
5232:
2781:
2254:The Church in Anglo-Saxon Society
2203:"Rare Coin Breaks Auction Record"
2187:"Museum's £350,000 deal for coin"
911:The Anglo-Saxonist and historian
277:Coenwulf came into conflict with
39:of Coenwulf from the London mint.
4559:Æbbe "the Younger" of Coldingham
2517:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
2498:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
2439:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
2419:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
2399:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
1075:, 204 and 205, pp. 791–794.
533:, or subking, and thereafter to
513:was continued by Coenwulf. King
285:with Coenwulf's successor, King
5102:Hwita of Whitchurch Canonicorum
2016:
2003:
1970:Sims-Williams, Patrick (2005).
1963:
1839:
1793:
1784:
1303:
1250:
816:National Heritage Memorial Fund
705:, to the position of abbess of
4554:Æbbe "the Elder" of Coldingham
2955:
1976:. Cambridge University Press.
1061:
16:King of Mercia from 796 to 821
1:
3859:Saints of Anglo-Saxon England
2534:, "Carolingian Contacts", in
2047:
407:", or subking, of Æthelbald.
5211:9th-century English monarchs
5206:8th-century English monarchs
4277:Edburga of Minster-in-Thanet
2413:Keynes, Simon, "Mercia", in
1810:Building Anglo-Saxon England
1656:English Historical Documents
1353:English Historical Documents
1340:English Historical Documents
1125:English Historical Documents
1073:English Historical Documents
1040:English Historical Documents
552:of king Coenwulf of Mercia (
374:, a collection of annals in
7:
4734:Eosterwine of Monkwearmouth
4242:Æbbe of Thanet (Domne Eafe)
2609:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
2393:Kelly, S.E., "Wulfred", in
2093:(1991). D.H. Farmer (ed.).
1682:Early History of Canterbury
938:Kings of Mercia family tree
931:
619:, was deposed in favour of
300:legend claims that his son
10:
5237:
4845:Florentius of Peterborough
4664:Ceolfrith of Monkwearmouth
2476:The Earliest English Kings
2433:Keynes, Simon, "Offa", in
2303:; Farr, Carole A. (2001).
2272:British Numismatic Journal
2219:Medieval European Coinage.
1764:Blackburn & Grierson,
904:in 825 firmly established
820:The British Museum Friends
732:
506:) in a charter dated 809.
5135:
5002:Beorhthelm of Shaftesbury
4924:
4898:
4817:
4784:Sigfrith of Monkwearmouth
4541:
4393:Cyneswith of Peterborough
4310:
4234:
4193:
4138:
4107:
3979:Æthelburh of Faremoutiers
3974:Æthelberht of East Anglia
3966:
3865:
3792:
3629:
3566:Existence uncertain (See
3562:
3376:
3305:
3284:
3270:
3089:
3036:
2963:
2913:
2905:
2894:
2879:
2869:
2860:
2852:
2842:
2833:
2825:
2820:
2806:C-dynasty of the Mercians
2799:
2513:Lapidge, Michael (1999).
2494:Lapidge, Michael (1999).
2435:Lapidge, Michael (1999).
2415:Lapidge, Michael (1999).
2395:Lapidge, Michael (1999).
2134:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
2132:Swanton, Michael (1996).
1876:"Anglo-Saxons.net: S 156"
1766:Medieval European Coinage
1421:"Anglo-Saxons.net: S 164"
1271:"Anglo-Saxons.net: S 154"
749:format established under
639:Relations with the church
509:Offa's domination of the
465:Christ Church, Canterbury
168:
158:
146:
130:
118:
106:
90:
86:
76:
66:
58:
51:
28:
23:
5087:Frithestan of Winchester
5072:Earmund of Stoke Fleming
4639:Billfrith of Lindisfarne
4594:Æthelwold of Lindisfarne
4503:Regenhere of Northampton
4064:Sigeberht of East Anglia
4019:Cuthbald of Peterborough
3319:Also King of East Anglia
2329:. Hambledon and London.
2013:, pp. 104–105, 112, 122.
1900:, p. 42, n. 5.
1742:, p. 229 n. 5.
943:
867:Coenwulf died in 821 at
470:
5158:Urith of Chittlehampton
5112:Margaret of Dunfermline
5007:Beornstan of Winchester
4992:Benignus of Glastonbury
4982:Æthelwold of Winchester
4972:Æthelnoth of Canterbury
4830:Firmin of North Crawley
4825:Augustine of Canterbury
4714:Eardwulf of Northumbria
4694:Eadfrith of Lindisfarne
4684:Eadberht of Lindisfarne
4669:Ceolwulf of Northumbria
4579:Æthelgyth of Coldingham
4418:Eadweard of Maugersbury
4272:Deusdedit of Canterbury
4267:Berhtwald of Canterbury
3623:Monarchs of East Anglia
2664:10.1179/mdh.1985.10.1.1
2136:. New York: Routledge.
2128:. Retrieved 2008-02-09.
1803:Early Anglo-Saxon Coins
1379:Carolingian Connections
1208:Carolingian Connections
1182:Kingship and Government
1127:, 67, pp. 453–454.
611:The Northumbrian king,
444:Eardwulf of Northumbria
238:returned from exile in
5148:Juthwara of Sherbourne
5117:Swithhun of Winchester
5057:Eadweard the Confessor
4967:Æthelgar of Canterbury
4947:Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury
4890:Theodore of Canterbury
4875:Mellitus of Canterbury
4870:Laurence of Canterbury
4855:Honorius of Canterbury
4699:Eadwine of Northumbria
4689:Eadfrith of Leominster
4569:Ælfwald of Northumbria
4453:Frithuwold of Chertsey
4388:Cynehelm of Winchcombe
4383:Cyneburh of Gloucester
4358:Beorhthelm of Stafford
4333:Æthelmod of Leominster
4297:Nothhelm of Canterbury
4282:Eanswith of Folkestone
4221:Indract of Glastonbury
4044:Hiurmine of Blythburgh
4024:Eadmund of East Anglia
3943:Patrick of Glastonbury
3582:Also monarch of Wessex
3573:Also monarch of Mercia
3278:
2983:Rædwald of East Anglia
2643:Thacker, Alan (1985).
2628:. Aldershot: Ashgate.
2624:Story, Joanna (2003).
2189:. BBC. 8 February 2006
1945:Earliest English Kings
1727:Earliest English Kings
1669:Earliest English Kings
1613:Earliest English Kings
1600:Earliest English Kings
1574:Earliest English Kings
1561:Earliest English Kings
1545:Earliest English Kings
1508:Earliest English Kings
1395:Earliest English Kings
1327:Earliest English Kings
1311:Earliest English Kings
1258:Earliest English Kings
1245:Earliest English Kings
1221:Earliest English Kings
1156:Earliest English Kings
984:Earliest English Kings
839:
838:Coenwulf's family tree
742:
648:
557:
495:
480:
317:Background and sources
207:
5201:East Anglian monarchs
5122:Wulfsige of Sherborne
5047:Eadgyth of Polesworth
5037:Eadburh of Winchester
5032:Dunstan of Canterbury
4977:Æthelwine of Athelney
4957:Ælfheah of Winchester
4952:Ælfheah of Canterbury
4916:Lewina of Bishopstone
4906:Cuthflæd of Lyminster
4850:Hadrian of Canterbury
4835:Birinus of Dorchester
4774:Oswine of Northumbria
4769:Oswald of Northumbria
4614:Balthere of Tyningham
4599:Alchhild of Middleham
4574:Æthelburh of Hackness
4508:Rumbold of Buckingham
4448:Frithuswith of Oxford
4423:Ealdgyth of Stortford
4408:Eadburh of Southwell
4328:Æthelberht of Bedford
4323:Ælfthryth of Crowland
4262:Albinus of Canterbury
4226:Maildub of Malmesbury
4170:Grimbald of St Bertin
3898:Congar of Congresbury
3888:Branwalator of Milton
3276:
2478:. London: Routledge.
2375:Early Medieval Corpus
2327:The Anglo-Saxon State
2173:. BBC. 6 October 2004
1626:William of Malmesbury
1495:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1443:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1138:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
837:
830:Family and succession
765:. Before 798 the new
740:
646:
629:Alhred of Northumbria
563:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
547:
519:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
490:
478:
417:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
403:, is described as a "
371:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
5216:Anglo-Saxon warriors
5127:Wulfthryth of Wilton
5097:Humbert of Stokenham
5027:Cwenburh of Wimborne
5012:Beornwald of Bampton
4987:Aldhelm of Sherborne
4911:Cuthmann of Steyning
4865:Justus of Canterbury
4679:Dryhthelm of Melrose
4634:Bercthun of Beverley
4443:Frithuric of Breedon
4428:Earconwald of London
4413:Eadgyth of Aylesbury
4343:Æthelwynn of Sodbury
4287:Eormengyth of Thanet
4201:Aidan of Lindisfarne
4120:Hildelith of Barking
4115:Æthelburh of Barking
4039:Herefrith of Thorney
3994:Æthelwine of Lindsey
3928:Melorius of Amesbury
3277:Offa (757–796)
2998:Oswiu of Northumbria
2897:Ruler of East Anglia
2474:Kirby, D.P. (1992).
2252:Blair, John (2006).
2075:. Penguin Classics.
1805:(2008), 43–45.
660:, already Bishop of
329:, but within a year
5092:Hædde of Winchester
5062:Eadweard the Martyr
5022:Cuthburh of Wimborn
4962:Æthelflæd of Romsey
4885:Peter of Canterbury
4764:Osthryth of Bardney
4654:Ceadda of Lichfield
4533:Wulfhild of Barking
4518:Werburgh of Chester
4493:Oswald of Worcester
4483:Milred of Worcester
4468:Mildburh of Wenlock
4458:Hæmma of Leominster
4403:Eadburh of Pershore
4398:Eadburh of Bicester
4185:Wulfram of Grantham
4175:Monegunda of Watton
4084:Walstan of Bawburgh
4074:Torthred of Thorney
4034:Guthlac of Crowland
3984:Æthelflæd of Ramsey
3923:Judoc of Winchester
3913:Elfin of Warrington
3883:Brannoc of Braunton
3807:also king of Mercia
3013:Æthelbald of Mercia
2801:Coenwulf of Mercia
2605:Anglo-Saxon England
2381:on 18 February 2008
2205:. BBC. 29 June 2006
2107:. London: Penguin.
1958:Anglo-Saxon England
1922:, pp. 118–119.
1768:, pp. 284–288.
1755:, pp. 229–230.
1753:Anglo-Saxon England
1740:Anglo-Saxon England
1695:Anglo-Saxon England
1684:, pp. 120–125.
1671:, pp. 169–170.
1643:Anglo-Saxon England
1469:Anglo-Saxon England
1355:, 205, p. 793.
1342:, 204, p. 791.
1298:Anglo-Saxon England
971:Anglo-Saxon England
808:Spink auction house
339:Beorhtric of Wessex
187:[ˈkøːnwuɫf]
122:Cynegyth (possibly)
5181:8th-century births
5153:Rumbold of Mechlin
5017:Centwine of Wessex
4997:Beocca of Chertsey
4799:Wilfrith of Hexham
4794:Wihtberht of Ripon
4704:Ealdberht of Ripon
4674:Cuthbert of Durham
4604:Alchmund of Hexham
4589:Æthelwold of Farne
4584:Æthelsige of Ripon
4498:Osburh of Coventry
4478:Mildrith of Thanet
4438:Freomund of Mercia
4378:Cyneburh of Castor
4363:Coenwulf of Mercia
4338:Æthelred of Mercia
4302:Sigeburh of Thanet
4292:Mildrith of Thanet
4252:Æthelburh of Kent
4247:Æthelberht of Kent
4194:Irish and Scottish
4150:Balthild of Romsey
4069:Tancred of Thorney
4009:Botwulf of Thorney
3999:Athwulf of Thorney
3989:Æthelthryth of Ely
3958:Sativola of Exeter
3948:Rumon of Tavistock
3933:Nectan of Hartland
3908:Decuman of Watchet
3279:
3083:Monarchs of Mercia
3008:Æthelred of Mercia
3003:Wulfhere of Mercia
2993:Oswald of Bernicia
2978:Æthelberht of Kent
2301:Brown, Michelle P.
2152:Whitelock, Dorothy
2011:Kings and Kingdoms
1998:Kings and Kingdoms
1920:Kings and Kingdoms
1909:Ælfthryth 3, PASE.
1587:Kings and Kingdoms
1456:Kings and Kingdoms
1408:Kings and Kingdoms
1366:Kings and Kingdoms
1169:Kings and Kingdoms
1015:Kings and Kingdoms
997:Kings and Kingdoms
926:Peterborough Abbey
902:battle of Ellendun
840:
743:
649:
582:Caradog ap Meirion
558:
481:
429:Cenwealh of Wessex
421:Anglian collection
5166:
5165:
5143:Arilda of Oldbury
5107:Mærwynn of Romsey
5052:Eadgyth of Wilton
5042:Eadgar of England
4942:Ælfgifu of Exeter
4937:Ælfgar of Selwood
4789:Tatberht of Ripon
4724:Ecgberht of Ripon
4659:Cedd of Lichfield
4564:Ælfflæd of Whitby
4528:Wigstan of Repton
4488:Oda of Canterbury
4373:Credan of Evesham
4353:Beonna of Breedon
4206:Boisil of Melrose
4180:Odwulf of Evesham
4029:Eadnoth of Ramsey
4014:Cissa of Crowland
3903:Dachuna of Bodmin
3878:Barloc of Norbury
3825:
3824:
3754:Edmund the Martyr
3589:
3588:
3519:Eadberht III Præn
3336:
3335:
3090:Kingdom of Mercia
3049:
3048:
3023:Cœnwulf of Mercia
2973:Ceawlin of Wessex
2924:
2923:
2892:
2870:Succeeded by
2843:Succeeded by
2772:978-1-85264-027-9
2765:. London: Seaby.
2748:978-0-14-014395-9
2741:. Penguin Books.
2728:978-0-8264-7765-1
2708:978-0-333-56797-5
2635:978-0-7546-0124-1
2616:978-0-19-821716-9
2599:Stenton, Frank M.
2590:978-0-8264-7765-1
2575:Stafford, Pauline
2547:978-0-8264-7765-1
2524:978-0-631-22492-1
2505:978-0-631-22492-1
2485:978-0-415-09086-5
2466:978-0-8264-7765-1
2446:978-0-631-22492-1
2426:978-0-631-22492-1
2406:978-0-631-22492-1
2362:978-0-14-014395-9
2355:. Penguin Books.
2336:978-1-85285-176-7
2314:978-0-8264-7765-1
2292:978-0-7185-0041-2
2263:978-0-19-921117-3
2164:Secondary sources
2143:978-0-415-92129-9
2114:978-0-14-044565-7
2101:Leo Sherley-Price
2082:978-0-14-044409-4
1847:"Coenwulf mancus"
1801:Gareth Williams,
1497:, pp. 58–59.
1086:Anglo-Saxon State
707:Minster-in-Thanet
415:According to the
176:
175:
44:+ coenvvulf rex m
5228:
5196:Kentish monarchs
5191:Mercian monarchs
5077:Edor of Chertsey
5067:Eadwold of Cerne
4932:Æbbe of Abingdon
4880:Paulinus of York
4860:James the Deacon
4809:Wilgils of Ripon
4779:Sicgred of Ripon
4754:John of Beverley
4649:Botwine of Ripon
4624:Bega of Copeland
4609:Alkmund of Derby
4433:Egwin of Evesham
4368:Cotta of Breedon
4318:Ælfnoth of Stowe
4257:Æthelred of Kent
4216:Ultan the Scribe
4165:Helier of Jersey
4099:Wulfric of Holme
4004:Blida of Martham
3938:Neot of Cornwall
3893:Credan of Bodmin
3873:Aldate of Oxford
3852:
3845:
3838:
3829:
3828:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3616:
3609:
3602:
3593:
3592:
3370:Monarchs of Kent
3363:
3356:
3349:
3340:
3339:
3254:Æthelred II
3249:Ceolwulf II
3076:
3069:
3062:
3053:
3052:
3042:
3028:Egbert of Wessex
2950:
2943:
2936:
2927:
2926:
2906:Preceded by
2886:
2880:Preceded by
2853:Preceded by
2826:Preceded by
2816:
2797:
2796:
2776:
2752:
2739:The Anglo-Saxons
2732:
2712:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2680:
2674:. Archived from
2649:
2639:
2620:
2608:
2594:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2551:
2528:
2509:
2489:
2470:
2450:
2430:
2410:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2366:
2353:The Anglo-Saxons
2349:Wormald, Patrick
2340:
2318:
2296:
2279:Brooks, Nicholas
2267:
2248:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2159:
2147:
2118:
2099:. Translated by
2086:
2074:
2065:Lapidge, Michael
2041:
2039:
2020:
2014:
2007:
2001:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1967:
1961:
1954:
1948:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1923:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1901:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1872:
1866:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1828:
1825:
1819:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1782:
1775:
1769:
1762:
1756:
1749:
1743:
1736:
1730:
1723:
1714:
1707:
1698:
1691:
1685:
1678:
1672:
1665:
1659:
1652:
1646:
1639:
1633:
1622:
1616:
1609:
1603:
1596:
1590:
1583:
1577:
1570:
1564:
1557:
1548:
1541:
1524:
1521:The Anglo-Saxons
1517:
1511:
1504:
1498:
1491:
1485:
1478:
1472:
1465:
1459:
1452:
1446:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1417:
1411:
1404:
1398:
1391:
1382:
1375:
1369:
1362:
1356:
1349:
1343:
1336:
1330:
1323:
1317:
1307:
1301:
1294:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1267:
1261:
1254:
1248:
1241:
1224:
1217:
1211:
1204:
1198:
1191:
1185:
1178:
1172:
1165:
1159:
1152:
1141:
1134:
1128:
1121:
1115:
1112:The Anglo-Saxons
1108:
1102:
1095:
1089:
1082:
1076:
1065:
1059:
1052:
1043:
1036:
1030:
1027:
1018:
1011:
1000:
993:
987:
980:
974:
967:
961:
954:
922:Sanctus Kenulfus
906:Egbert of Wessex
889:Winchcombe Abbey
858:Alfred the Great
590:Hywel ap Caradog
515:Sigeric of Essex
511:kingdom of Essex
309:had begun under
189:
184:
112:Winchcombe Abbey
46:
45:
33:
21:
20:
5236:
5235:
5231:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5225:
5171:
5170:
5167:
5162:
5131:
4920:
4894:
4813:
4759:Osana of Howden
4739:Hilda of Whitby
4629:Benedict Biscop
4537:
4513:Tibba of Ryhall
4306:
4230:
4189:
4160:Felix of Dommoc
4142:
4140:
4134:
4130:Sæbbi of London
4103:
4094:Wihtburh of Ely
4079:Tova of Thorney
4059:Seaxburh of Ely
4054:Pega of Peakirk
4049:Huna of Thorney
3962:
3866:British / Welsh
3861:
3856:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3788:
3625:
3620:
3590:
3585:
3558:
3372:
3367:
3337:
3332:
3301:
3280:
3268:
3204:Ceolwulf I
3154:Æthelred I
3091:
3085:
3080:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3032:
2959:
2954:
2919:
2911:
2900:
2885:
2875:
2866:
2858:
2848:
2839:
2831:
2810:
2809:
2802:
2784:
2779:
2773:
2755:
2749:
2736:
2729:
2716:
2709:
2693:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2652:Midland History
2647:
2642:
2636:
2623:
2617:
2597:
2591:
2578:
2565:
2563:
2554:
2548:
2535:
2525:
2512:
2506:
2493:
2486:
2473:
2467:
2454:
2447:
2434:
2427:
2414:
2407:
2394:
2384:
2382:
2369:
2363:
2345:Campbell, James
2343:
2337:
2323:Campbell, James
2321:
2315:
2299:
2293:
2277:
2274:32 (1963), 1–74
2264:
2251:
2245:
2232:
2208:
2206:
2201:
2192:
2190:
2185:
2176:
2174:
2169:
2166:
2150:
2144:
2131:
2115:
2089:
2083:
2059:
2056:
2054:Primary sources
2050:
2045:
2044:
2036:
2021:
2017:
2008:
2004:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1968:
1964:
1955:
1951:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1926:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1895:
1891:
1881:
1879:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1776:
1772:
1763:
1759:
1750:
1746:
1737:
1733:
1724:
1717:
1708:
1701:
1692:
1688:
1679:
1675:
1666:
1662:
1653:
1649:
1640:
1636:
1623:
1619:
1610:
1606:
1597:
1593:
1584:
1580:
1571:
1567:
1558:
1551:
1542:
1527:
1518:
1514:
1505:
1501:
1492:
1488:
1479:
1475:
1466:
1462:
1453:
1449:
1440:
1436:
1426:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1405:
1401:
1392:
1385:
1376:
1372:
1363:
1359:
1350:
1346:
1337:
1333:
1324:
1320:
1308:
1304:
1295:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1255:
1251:
1242:
1227:
1218:
1214:
1205:
1201:
1192:
1188:
1179:
1175:
1166:
1162:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1131:
1122:
1118:
1109:
1105:
1096:
1092:
1083:
1079:
1066:
1062:
1053:
1046:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1021:
1012:
1003:
994:
990:
981:
977:
968:
964:
955:
951:
946:
934:
832:
735:
641:
623:. Eardwulf had
473:
413:
319:
190:; also spelled
182:
139:
123:
114:
95:
47:
43:
42:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5234:
5224:
5223:
5221:Mercian saints
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5139:
5137:
5136:Unclear origin
5133:
5132:
5130:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4928:
4926:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4902:
4900:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4821:
4819:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4749:Iwig of Wilton
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4719:Eata of Hexham
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4619:Beda of Jarrow
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4549:Acca of Hexham
4545:
4543:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4348:Aldwyn of Coln
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4314:
4312:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4211:Echa of Crayke
4208:
4203:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4155:Bertha of Kent
4152:
4146:
4144:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3862:
3855:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3832:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3619:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3596:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3366:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3343:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3320:
3317:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3288:
3286:
3285:Later monarchs
3282:
3281:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3079:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3056:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3018:Offa of Mercia
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2988:Edwin of Deira
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2968:Ælle of Sussex
2964:
2961:
2960:
2953:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2930:
2922:
2921:
2912:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2893:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2868:
2863:King of Mercia
2859:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2841:
2832:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2821:Regnal titles
2818:
2817:
2803:
2800:
2795:
2794:
2783:
2782:External links
2780:
2778:
2777:
2771:
2757:Yorke, Barbara
2753:
2747:
2733:
2727:
2713:
2707:
2691:
2681:on 29 May 2008
2640:
2634:
2621:
2615:
2595:
2589:
2572:
2561:New York Times
2552:
2546:
2529:
2523:
2510:
2504:
2490:
2484:
2471:
2465:
2451:
2445:
2431:
2425:
2411:
2405:
2391:
2367:
2361:
2347:; John, Eric;
2341:
2335:
2319:
2313:
2297:
2291:
2275:
2268:
2262:
2249:
2243:
2229:
2215:
2199:
2183:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2148:
2142:
2129:
2119:
2113:
2087:
2081:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2034:
2015:
2002:
2000:, p. 119.
1989:
1983:978-0521673426
1982:
1962:
1960:, p. 230.
1949:
1947:, p. 212.
1936:
1924:
1911:
1902:
1889:
1867:
1858:
1852:British Museum
1838:
1829:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1806:
1792:
1783:
1781:, p. 221.
1770:
1757:
1744:
1731:
1729:, p. 186.
1715:
1713:, p. 491.
1699:
1697:, p. 227.
1686:
1673:
1660:
1647:
1634:
1632:, p. 119.
1617:
1615:, p. 174.
1604:
1602:, p. 197.
1591:
1578:
1576:, p. 155.
1565:
1563:, p. 188.
1549:
1547:, p. 187.
1525:
1523:, p. 101.
1512:
1510:, p. 189.
1499:
1486:
1484:, p. 232.
1473:
1471:, p. 305.
1460:
1447:
1434:
1412:
1399:
1397:, p. 179.
1383:
1381:, p. 142.
1370:
1368:, p. 121.
1357:
1344:
1331:
1329:, p. 185.
1318:
1302:
1300:, p. 225.
1284:
1262:
1249:
1247:, p. 178.
1225:
1223:, p. 156.
1212:
1210:, p. 145.
1199:
1197:, p. 228.
1186:
1173:
1171:, p. 120.
1160:
1158:, p. 177.
1142:
1129:
1116:
1103:
1097:Hunter Blair,
1090:
1088:, p. 144.
1077:
1071:in Whitelock,
1060:
1058:, p. 111.
1044:
1031:
1019:
1017:, p. 118.
1001:
988:
986:, p. 167.
975:
973:, p. 210.
962:
960:, p. 306.
948:
947:
945:
942:
941:
940:
933:
930:
831:
828:
824:Double Leopard
812:British Museum
734:
731:
699:Pope Hadrian I
640:
637:
584:, the King of
554:British Museum
472:
469:
412:
409:
393:Ismere Diploma
358:Alcuin of York
345:, whose king,
318:
315:
174:
173:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
150:
144:
143:
134:
128:
127:
120:
116:
115:
110:
108:
104:
103:
92:
88:
87:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
53:King of Mercia
49:
48:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5233:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5169:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5134:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4923:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4897:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4143:and Old Saxon
4137:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3953:Samson of Dol
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3918:Ivo of Ramsey
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3853:
3848:
3846:
3841:
3839:
3834:
3833:
3830:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3714:Æthelberht II
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3628:
3624:
3617:
3612:
3610:
3605:
3603:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3364:
3359:
3357:
3352:
3350:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3328:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3309:Also King of
3308:
3307:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3275:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3092:527–918
3088:
3084:
3077:
3072:
3070:
3065:
3063:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2958:
2951:
2946:
2944:
2939:
2937:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2918:
2917:
2910:
2904:
2899:
2898:
2891:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2874:
2865:
2864:
2857:
2851:
2847:
2838:
2837:
2830:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2774:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2740:
2734:
2730:
2724:
2721:. Continuum.
2720:
2714:
2710:
2704:
2701:. Macmillan.
2700:
2696:
2695:Williams, Ann
2692:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2607:
2606:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2586:
2583:. Continuum.
2582:
2576:
2573:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2540:. Continuum.
2539:
2533:
2532:Nelson, Janet
2530:
2526:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2487:
2481:
2477:
2472:
2468:
2462:
2459:. Continuum.
2458:
2452:
2448:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2307:. Continuum.
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2228:
2227:0-521-03177-X
2224:
2220:
2216:
2204:
2200:
2188:
2184:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2110:
2106:
2103:. Revised by
2102:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2073:
2072:
2066:
2062:
2061:Keynes, Simon
2058:
2057:
2037:
2031:
2027:
2019:
2012:
2006:
1999:
1993:
1985:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1966:
1959:
1953:
1946:
1940:
1931:
1929:
1921:
1915:
1906:
1899:
1893:
1878:. Sean Miller
1877:
1871:
1862:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1787:
1780:
1774:
1767:
1761:
1754:
1748:
1741:
1735:
1728:
1722:
1720:
1712:
1706:
1704:
1696:
1690:
1683:
1677:
1670:
1664:
1657:
1651:
1644:
1638:
1631:
1630:Early History
1627:
1621:
1614:
1608:
1601:
1595:
1589:, p. 95.
1588:
1582:
1575:
1569:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1546:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1522:
1516:
1509:
1503:
1496:
1490:
1483:
1477:
1470:
1464:
1458:, p. 51.
1457:
1451:
1445:, p. 56.
1444:
1438:
1423:. Sean Miller
1422:
1416:
1410:, p. 32.
1409:
1403:
1396:
1390:
1388:
1380:
1374:
1367:
1361:
1354:
1348:
1341:
1335:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1299:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1273:. Sean Miller
1272:
1266:
1259:
1253:
1246:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1222:
1216:
1209:
1203:
1196:
1190:
1184:, p. 29.
1183:
1177:
1170:
1164:
1157:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1140:, p. 50.
1139:
1133:
1126:
1120:
1113:
1107:
1100:
1099:Roman Britain
1094:
1087:
1081:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1042:, p. 787
1041:
1035:
1026:
1024:
1016:
1010:
1008:
1006:
999:, p. 64.
998:
992:
985:
979:
972:
966:
959:
953:
949:
939:
936:
935:
929:
927:
923:
919:
914:
909:
907:
903:
897:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
865:
863:
859:
855:
850:
846:
836:
827:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
804:
803:vico Duristat
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
779:
777:
773:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
739:
730:
727:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
691:
689:
685:
680:
678:
674:
670:
665:
663:
659:
654:
645:
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
609:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
574:
572:
568:
564:
555:
551:
546:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
507:
505:
501:
494:
489:
486:
477:
468:
466:
462:
458:
457:Eadberht Præn
452:
450:
445:
441:
437:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
372:
365:
363:
359:
355:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
314:
312:
308:
303:
299:
294:
292:
288:
283:
280:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
236:Eadberht Præn
233:
229:
226:, the son of
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
188:
180:
171:
167:
164:
161:
157:
154:
151:
149:
145:
142:
138:
135:
133:
129:
126:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
102:
98:
93:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
72:
69:
65:
61:
57:
54:
50:
38:
32:
27:
22:
19:
5168:
4644:Bosa of York
4542:Northumbrian
4362:
3967:East Anglian
3728:
3528:
3479:Æthelbert II
3406:Æthelberht I
3326:overlordship
3322:Recognising
3193:
3022:
2916:King of Kent
2914:
2895:
2888:
2887:
2861:
2834:
2812:
2804:
2761:
2738:
2718:
2698:
2683:. Retrieved
2676:the original
2655:
2651:
2625:
2604:
2580:
2564:. Retrieved
2560:
2537:
2514:
2495:
2475:
2456:
2436:
2416:
2396:
2383:. Retrieved
2379:the original
2374:
2352:
2326:
2304:
2282:
2271:
2253:
2234:
2218:
2207:. Retrieved
2191:. Retrieved
2175:. Retrieved
2155:
2133:
2095:
2070:
2025:
2018:
2010:
2005:
1997:
1992:
1972:
1965:
1957:
1952:
1944:
1939:
1919:
1914:
1905:
1897:
1892:
1880:. Retrieved
1870:
1861:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1809:
1808:John Blair,
1802:
1795:
1786:
1778:
1773:
1765:
1760:
1752:
1747:
1739:
1734:
1726:
1710:
1694:
1689:
1681:
1676:
1668:
1663:
1655:
1650:
1642:
1637:
1629:
1620:
1612:
1607:
1599:
1594:
1586:
1581:
1573:
1568:
1560:
1544:
1520:
1515:
1507:
1502:
1494:
1489:
1481:
1476:
1468:
1463:
1455:
1450:
1442:
1437:
1425:. Retrieved
1415:
1407:
1402:
1394:
1378:
1373:
1365:
1360:
1352:
1347:
1339:
1334:
1326:
1321:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1297:
1275:. Retrieved
1265:
1257:
1252:
1244:
1220:
1215:
1207:
1202:
1194:
1189:
1181:
1176:
1168:
1163:
1155:
1137:
1132:
1124:
1119:
1114:, pp. 95–98.
1111:
1106:
1101:, pp. 14–15.
1098:
1093:
1085:
1080:
1072:
1069:Pope Leo III
1063:
1055:
1039:
1034:
1014:
996:
991:
983:
978:
970:
965:
957:
952:
921:
910:
898:
893:Simon Keynes
866:
841:
802:
787:Bedfordshire
780:
766:
744:
723:
692:
681:
669:Pope Leo III
666:
650:
610:
575:
570:
562:
559:
534:
530:
526:
518:
508:
503:
496:
491:
485:Pope Leo III
482:
467:was sacked.
453:
449:Carolingians
440:river Severn
433:
416:
414:
404:
379:
369:
366:
351:
320:
295:
276:
248:anathematise
244:Pope Leo III
199:
195:
191:
183:Old English:
178:
177:
18:
4899:South Saxon
4804:Wilfrith II
3764:Æthelred II
3509:Ecgberht II
3489:Eadberht II
3419:Eorcenberht
3315:East Anglia
2901:c. 805–821
2566:11 February
2385:11 February
2209:11 February
2193:11 February
2177:11 February
2122:Ælfthryth 3
2105:R.E. Latham
1654:Whitelock,
1351:Whitelock,
1338:Whitelock,
1123:Whitelock,
845:Cwoenthryth
799:Charlemagne
783:Biggleswade
763:London mint
759:East Anglia
703:Cwoenthryth
376:Old English
362:Charlemagne
343:East Anglia
311:King Egbert
291:Cwoenthryth
268:Northumbria
256:East Anglia
67:Predecessor
5186:821 deaths
5175:Categories
4925:West Saxon
4108:East Saxon
3784:Guthrum II
3749:Æthelweard
3709:Æthelred I
3554:Æthelberht
3534:Ceolwulf I
3474:Eadbert I
3429:Ecgberht I
3324:West Saxon
3239:Beorhtwulf
2957:Bretwaldas
2873:Ceolwulf I
2685:10 January
2244:0198203942
2048:References
2035:0198203942
1882:2 February
1427:2 February
1277:2 February
1180:Williams,
1110:Campbell,
1084:Campbell,
913:John Blair
885:Winchcombe
877:Flintshire
869:Basingwerk
849:Winchcombe
801:inscribed
791:River Ivel
755:Canterbury
711:Stephen IV
677:Æthelheard
531:subregulus
461:Æthelheard
405:subregulus
384:West Saxon
279:Archbishop
246:agreed to
210:) was the
141:Cwenthryth
101:Flintshire
97:Basingwerk
81:Ceolwulf I
5082:Evorhilda
4139:Frisian,
3812:sub-kings
3779:Æthelwold
3769:Guthrum I
3744:Æthelstan
3739:Beornwulf
3684:Æthelwold
3679:Æthelhere
3664:Sigeberht
3549:Æthelstan
3544:Æthelwulf
3454:Swæfberht
3449:Swæfheard
3434:Hlothhere
3424:Eormenred
3415:Æðelwald
3401:Eormenric
3292:Æthelstan
3259:Æthelflæd
3209:Beornwulf
3174:Æthelbald
2836:Bretwalda
2788:Cenwulf 3
2672:0047-729X
1956:Stenton,
1751:Stenton,
1738:Stenton,
1693:Stenton,
1641:Stenton,
1493:Swanton,
1467:Stenton,
1441:Swanton,
1296:Stenton,
1136:Swanton,
969:Stenton,
778:in Kent.
776:Rochester
719:Deneberht
715:Paschal I
662:Lichfield
658:Hygeberht
594:Snowdonia
571:Chronicle
567:Kempsford
539:ealdorman
380:Chronicle
323:Æthelbald
208:Coenulfus
172:Christian
163:Cuthberht
153:C-dynasty
125:Ælfthryth
77:Successor
4473:Mildgyth
4141:Frankish
4089:Wendreda
3797:co-kings
3734:Ceolwulf
3689:Ealdwulf
3659:Ricberht
3654:Eorpwald
3529:Coenwulf
3514:Ealhmund
3504:Heaberht
3484:Eardwulf
3224:Ecgberht
3199:Cynehelm
3194:Coenwulf
3189:Ecgfrith
3179:Beornred
3169:Ceolwald
3149:Wulfhere
3109:Cynewald
2920:807–821
2867:796–821
2856:Ecgfrith
2846:Ecgberht
2840:796–821
2759:(1990).
2697:(1999).
2658:: 1–25.
2601:(1971).
2351:(1991).
2325:(2000).
2281:(1984).
2154:(1968).
2067:(2004).
1812:(2018),
1680:Brooks,
932:See also
881:Ceolwulf
873:Holywell
854:Cynehelm
772:moneyers
767:tribrach
673:Jænberht
621:Eardwulf
613:Æthelred
602:Anglesey
578:Rhuddlan
388:Charters
354:Ecgfrith
347:Æthelred
337:married
327:Beornred
302:Cynehelm
298:Conquest
287:Ceolwulf
272:Eardwulf
224:Ecgfrith
200:Kenwulph
179:Coenwulf
169:Religion
137:Cynehelm
71:Ecgfrith
41:Legend:
24:Coenwulf
4709:Eanmund
4523:Wærstan
4463:Merefin
4311:Mercian
4235:Kentish
3729:Cœnwulf
3724:Eadwald
3704:Alberht
3694:Ælfwald
3649:Rædwald
3568:Eadbald
3539:Baldred
3524:Cuthred
3499:Eanmund
3494:Sigered
3464:Wihtred
3411:Eadbald
3381:Hengest
3264:Ælfwynn
3244:Burgred
3234:Wigstan
3229:Wigmund
3164:Ceolred
3159:Coenred
2909:Cuthred
2889:as King
2883:Eadwald
2009:Yorke,
1996:Yorke,
1943:Kirby,
1918:Yorke,
1855:. 2006.
1725:Kirby,
1667:Kirby,
1611:Kirby,
1598:Kirby,
1585:Yorke,
1572:Kirby,
1559:Kirby,
1543:Kirby,
1506:Kirby,
1454:Yorke,
1406:Yorke,
1393:Kirby,
1377:Story,
1364:Yorke,
1325:Kirby,
1309:Kirby,
1256:Kirby,
1243:Kirby,
1219:Kirby,
1206:Story,
1167:Yorke,
1154:Kirby,
1013:Yorke,
995:Yorke,
982:Kirby,
757:and in
733:Coinage
695:Wulfred
688:Lindsey
653:diocese
625:Alhmund
586:Gwynedd
523:Sigered
500:Cuthred
399:of the
335:Eadburh
282:Wulfred
260:Eadwald
252:blinded
240:Francia
192:Cenwulf
62:796–821
4840:Blaise
4744:Hyglac
4125:Osgyth
3774:Eohric
3759:Oswald
3699:Beonna
3669:Ecgric
3644:Tytila
3459:Oswine
3439:Eadric
3297:Eadgar
3219:Wiglaf
3214:Ludeca
3114:Creoda
3104:Cnebba
2811:
2769:
2745:
2725:
2705:
2670:
2632:
2613:
2587:
2544:
2521:
2502:
2482:
2463:
2443:
2423:
2403:
2359:
2333:
2311:
2289:
2260:
2241:
2225:
2140:
2111:
2079:
2032:
1980:
1898:Mercia
1814:p. 230
1779:Mercia
1482:Mercia
1195:Mercia
795:mancus
617:Osbald
436:Hwicce
401:Hwicce
397:Oshere
382:was a
307:Wessex
216:Mercia
196:Kenulf
159:Father
119:Spouse
107:Burial
37:mancus
4818:Roman
3817:Danes
3639:Wuffa
3634:Wehha
3469:Alric
3386:Horsa
3144:Oswiu
3139:Peada
3129:Penda
3124:Cearl
3119:Pybba
2813:Died:
2679:(PDF)
2648:(PDF)
944:Notes
918:relic
871:near
862:Asser
747:penny
726:hides
684:Louth
633:Derby
606:Dyfed
550:bulla
548:Lead
471:Reign
425:Penda
264:Welsh
220:Pybba
204:Latin
198:, or
148:House
132:Issue
59:Reign
35:Gold
4729:Eoda
3719:Offa
3674:Anna
3396:Octa
3391:Oisc
3313:and
3311:Kent
3184:Offa
3134:Eowa
3099:Icel
2829:Offa
2767:ISBN
2743:ISBN
2723:ISBN
2703:ISBN
2687:2008
2668:ISSN
2630:ISBN
2611:ISBN
2585:ISBN
2568:2008
2542:ISBN
2519:ISBN
2500:ISBN
2480:ISBN
2461:ISBN
2441:ISBN
2421:ISBN
2401:ISBN
2387:2008
2357:ISBN
2331:ISBN
2309:ISBN
2287:ISBN
2258:ISBN
2239:ISBN
2223:ISBN
2211:2008
2195:2008
2179:2008
2138:ISBN
2109:ISBN
2091:Bede
2077:ISBN
2030:ISBN
1978:ISBN
1884:2008
1429:2008
1279:2008
818:and
751:Offa
598:Rhos
331:Offa
232:Kent
228:Offa
212:king
91:Died
3444:Mul
2815:821
2790:at
2660:doi
2124:at
920:of
785:in
686:in
537:or
535:dux
527:rex
214:of
94:821
5177::
2666:.
2656:10
2654:.
2650:.
2559:.
2373:.
2063:;
1927:^
1849:.
1718:^
1702:^
1552:^
1528:^
1386:^
1287:^
1228:^
1145:^
1047:^
1022:^
1004:^
928:.
875:,
826:.
608:.
541:.
451:.
274:.
206::
202:;
194:,
99:,
3851:e
3844:t
3837:v
3615:e
3608:t
3601:v
3570:)
3362:e
3355:t
3348:v
3075:e
3068:t
3061:v
2949:e
2942:t
2935:v
2775:.
2751:.
2731:.
2711:.
2689:.
2662::
2638:.
2619:.
2593:.
2570:.
2550:.
2527:.
2508:.
2488:.
2469:.
2449:.
2429:.
2409:.
2389:.
2365:.
2339:.
2317:.
2295:.
2266:.
2247:.
2213:.
2197:.
2181:.
2146:.
2117:.
2085:.
2038:.
1986:.
1886:.
1816:.
1431:.
1281:.
556:)
181:(
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