34:
296:, it is generally accepted that observational studies can give hints but can never establish cause and effect. But, considering the probability paradox (see Koestler's quote above), it appears that the larger the set of coincidences, the more certainty increases, and the more it seems that there is some cause behind a remarkable coincidence.
586:
that the first day should make the last, that the Tail of the Snake should return into its Mouth precisely at that time, and they should wind up upon the day of their
Nativity, is indeed a remarkable Coincidence, which tho Astrology hath taken witty pains to salve, yet hath it been very wary in
268:
The mathematically naive person seems to have a more acute awareness than the specialist of the basic paradox of probability theory, over which philosophers have puzzled ever since Pascal initiated that branch of science .... The paradox consists, loosely speaking, of the fact that probability
216:
A coincidence lacks an apparent causal connection. A coincidence may be synchronicity — the experience of events that are causally unrelated — and yet their occurrence together has meaning for the person who observes them. To be counted as synchronicity, the events should be unlikely to occur
170:
theory of "synchronicity", conceived by a physicist and a psychologist, both eminent in their fields, represents perhaps the most radical departure from the world-view of mechanistic science in our time. Yet they had a precursor, whose ideas had a considerable influence on Jung: the
Austrian
269:
theory is able to predict with uncanny precision the overall outcome of processes made up of numerous individual happenings, each of which in itself is unpredictable. In other words, we observe many uncertainties producing certainty, and many chance events creating a lawful total outcome.
52:. It is the result of a cosmic coincidence: Even though the Sun is about 400 times bigger than the Moon, it is also about 400 times farther away. This makes the Sun and the Moon appear almost exactly the same size in Earth's sky.
76:, which is a doctrine that events will happen in the exact manner of a predetermined plan. In general, the perception of coincidence, for lack of more sophisticated explanations, can serve as a link to
217:
together by chance, but this is questioned because there is usually a chance, no matter how small and in vast numbers of opportunities such coincidences do happen by chance if it is only non-zero (see
205:
He postulated that all events are connected by waves of seriality. Kammerer was known to make notes in public parks of how many people were passing by, how many of them carried umbrellas, etc.
300:... it is only the manipulation of uncertainty that interests us. We are not concerned with the matter that is uncertain. Thus we do not study the mechanism of rain; only whether it will rain.
596:' Now although this elegant ordination of vegetables, hath found coincidence or imitation in sundry works of Art'(opening of the third chapter of 'The Garden of Cyrus')
60:
is a remarkable concurrence of events or circumstances that have no apparent causal connection with one another. The perception of remarkable coincidences may lead to
202:), which has not been translated into English. In this book, he recounted 100 or so anecdotes of coincidences that led him to formulate his theory of seriality.
123:. The definition evolved in the 1640s as "occurrence or existence during the same time". The word was introduced to English readers in the 1650s by Sir
675:
372:
229:
111:
The first known usage of the word coincidence is from c. 1605 with the meaning "exact correspondence in substance or nature" from the French
310:
87:
perspective, coincidences are inevitable and often less remarkable than they may appear intuitively. Usually, coincidences are
876:
819:
767:
713:
658:
622:
512:
468:
939:
289:
264:
of a series of coincidences is the most common method of distinguishing a coincidence from causally connected events.
917:
898:
982:
209:
called the idea of seriality "interesting and by no means absurd." Carl Jung drew upon
Kammerer's work in his book
37:
933:
992:
835:
857:
412:
27:
33:
997:
350:
852:
218:
495:(2016). "The Experience of Coincidence: An Integrated Psychological and Neurocognitive Perspective".
392:
617:(first Princeton/Bollingen paperback ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
398:
382:
276:
186:
951:
650:
957:
910:
Connecting with
Coincidence The New Science for Using Synchronicity and Serendipity in Your Life
1002:
458:
811:
702:
155:
developed a theory that states that remarkable coincidences occur because of what he called "
103:
of two persons having the same birthday already exceeds 50% in a group of only 23 persons.
972:
404:
8:
729:
643:
237:
133:
88:
977:
829:
561:
518:
324:
takes her course hither and thither, numerous coincidences should spontaneously occur.
246:
also compiled hundreds of accounts of interesting coincidences and strange phenomena.
987:
913:
894:
872:
815:
804:
763:
709:
654:
618:
611:
569:
553:
508:
464:
367:
787:
Desultory
Decussation: Where Littlewood’s Law of Miracles meets Jung’s Synchronicity
683:
545:
522:
500:
492:
194:
One of
Kammerer's passions was collecting coincidences. He published a book titled
96:
20:
288:) is notoriously difficult, as is expressed by the commonly heard statement that "
799:
751:
697:
638:
225:
206:
77:
504:
945:
334:
305:
167:
433:
966:
782:
756:
557:
172:
156:
146:
124:
41:
573:
236:. They argue that probability and statistical theory (exemplified, e.g., in
864:
786:
488:
243:
61:
361:
261:
100:
92:
891:
Meaningful
Coincidences How and Why Synchronicity and Serendipity Happen
762:. Translated by Holland, Bart K. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press.
565:
387:
355:
293:
84:
69:
606:
285:
255:
233:
164:
152:
549:
733:
377:
329:
73:
321:
536:
Mathis, Frank H. (June 1991). "A Generalized
Birthday Problem".
176:
65:
19:"Coincide" redirects here. For the album by Dewey Redman, see
320:
It is no great wonder if in the long process of time, while
45:
159:," which he defined as an "acausal connecting principle."
49:
179:
who committed suicide in 1926, at the age of forty-five.
486:
38:
A total solar eclipse at Orin
Junction, Wyoming in 2017
758:
Debunked!: ESP, telekinesis, and other pseudoscience
803:
755:
701:
642:
610:
708:(hardcover ed.). Random House. p. 87].
964:
587:making Predictions of it ( A Letter to a Friend)
907:
888:
676:"Seriality vs Synchronicity: Kammerer vs. Jung"
232:) argue synchronicity is merely an instance of
613:Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting Principle
499:. The Frontiers Collection. pp. 171–185.
240:) suffice to explain remarkable coincidences.
373:Ideas of reference and delusions of reference
810:(hardcover ed.). Random House. p.
750:
649:(hardcover ed.). Random House. p.
482:
480:
131:(circa 1656 pub. 1690) and in his discourse
869:Fluke: The Maths and Myths of Coincidences
477:
456:
958:The mathematics of coincidental meetings
942:, Austin Society to Oppose Pseudoscience
798:
696:
637:
450:
434:"Why Do Eclipses Happen? - NASA Science"
32:
16:Concurrence of events with no connection
912:. Health Communications, Incorporated.
744:
728:
673:
965:
535:
952:The Cambridge Coincidences Collection
934:Collection of Historical Coincidence
284:To establish cause and effect (i.e.,
889:Bernard Beitman (6 September 2022).
605:
290:correlation does not imply causation
72:claims, or it may lead to belief in
13:
954:, University of Cambridge Statslab
936:, nephiliman.com (web.archive.org)
882:
674:Beitman, Bernard D. (2017-03-25).
308:, "The Philosophy of Statistics,"
48:completely blocks the face of the
14:
1014:
927:
871:, London: Oneworld Publications.
908:Bernard Beitman (7 March 2016).
140:
940:Unlikely Events and Coincidence
846:
792:
776:
722:
690:
948:, UnderstandingUncertainty.org
785:& Andrea Diem Lane, 2010,
667:
631:
599:
590:
580:
529:
426:
1:
858:The Psychology of the Psychic
419:
460:Oxford Dictionary of English
249:
106:
28:Coincidence (disambiguation)
7:
680:Connecting with Coincidence
505:10.1007/978-3-319-26300-7_9
463:. OUP Oxford. p. 339.
351:Alignments of random points
343:
10:
1019:
834:: CS1 maint: postscript (
253:
219:law of truly large numbers
144:
25:
18:
893:. Inner Traditions Bear.
824:– 1973 Vintage paperback:
457:Stevenson, Angus (2010).
393:Post hoc ergo propter hoc
806:The Roots of Coincidence
738:The Skeptic's Dictionary
704:The Roots of Coincidence
645:The Roots of Coincidence
399:The Roots of Coincidence
383:Mathematical coincidence
277:The Roots of Coincidence
187:The Roots of Coincidence
983:Concepts in metaphysics
946:Why coincidences happen
789:, www.integralworld.net
754:; Broch, Henri (2004).
497:The Challenge of Chance
99:, which shows that the
341:
338:, vol. II, "Sertorius"
317:
282:
192:
119:, from Medieval Latin
53:
993:Philosophy of physics
318:
298:
266:
224:Some skeptics (e.g.,
161:
36:
730:Carroll, Robert Todd
196:Das Gesetz der Serie
129:A Letter to a Friend
95:. An example is the
91:with underestimated
26:For other uses, see
151:Swiss psychiatrist
134:The Garden of Cyrus
42:total solar eclipse
998:Philosophy of time
487:Van Elk, Michiel;
54:
877:978-1-78074-899-3
861:. pp. 227–46
821:978-0-394-48038-1
769:978-0-8018-7867-1
715:978-0-394-48038-1
660:978-0-394-48038-1
624:978-0-691-15050-5
514:978-3-319-26298-7
493:Bekkering, Harold
470:978-0-19-957112-3
368:Confirmation bias
274:Arthur Koestler,
200:The Law of Series
184:Arthur Koestler,
44:happens when the
1010:
923:
904:
840:
839:
833:
825:
809:
800:Koestler, Arthur
796:
790:
780:
774:
773:
761:
752:Charpak, Georges
748:
742:
741:
726:
720:
719:
707:
698:Koestler, Arthur
694:
688:
687:
684:Psychology Today
671:
665:
664:
648:
639:Koestler, Arthur
635:
629:
628:
616:
603:
597:
594:
588:
584:
578:
577:
533:
527:
526:
484:
475:
474:
454:
448:
447:
445:
444:
438:science.nasa.gov
430:
339:
315:
314:(Series D, 2000)
311:The Statistician
280:
238:Littlewood's law
190:
97:birthday problem
80:and philosophy.
21:Coincide (album)
1018:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1007:
963:
962:
930:
920:
901:
885:
883:Further reading
849:
844:
843:
827:
826:
822:
797:
793:
781:
777:
770:
749:
745:
734:"Synchronicity"
727:
723:
716:
695:
691:
672:
668:
661:
636:
632:
625:
604:
600:
595:
591:
585:
581:
550:10.1137/1033051
534:
530:
515:
485:
478:
471:
455:
451:
442:
440:
432:
431:
427:
422:
417:
346:
340:
328:
316:
304:
281:
273:
258:
252:
226:Georges Charpak
207:Albert Einstein
191:
183:
149:
143:
109:
78:folk psychology
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1016:
1006:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
961:
960:
955:
949:
943:
937:
929:
928:External links
926:
925:
924:
918:
905:
899:
884:
881:
880:
879:
862:
848:
845:
842:
841:
820:
791:
775:
768:
743:
721:
714:
689:
666:
659:
630:
623:
598:
589:
579:
528:
513:
476:
469:
449:
424:
423:
421:
418:
416:
415:
410:
402:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
358:
353:
347:
345:
342:
335:Parallel Lives
326:
306:Dennis Lindley
302:
271:
260:Measuring the
254:Main article:
251:
248:
181:
145:Main article:
142:
139:
108:
105:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1015:
1004:
1003:Synchronicity
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
970:
968:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
931:
921:
919:9780757318849
915:
911:
906:
902:
900:9781644115718
896:
892:
887:
886:
878:
874:
870:
866:
863:
860:
859:
854:
851:
850:
837:
831:
823:
817:
813:
808:
807:
801:
795:
788:
784:
779:
771:
765:
760:
759:
753:
747:
739:
735:
731:
725:
717:
711:
706:
705:
699:
693:
685:
681:
677:
670:
662:
656:
652:
647:
646:
640:
634:
626:
620:
615:
614:
608:
602:
593:
583:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
544:(2): 265–70.
543:
539:
532:
524:
520:
516:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
489:Friston, Karl
483:
481:
472:
466:
462:
461:
453:
439:
435:
429:
425:
414:
411:
409:
407:
406:Synchronicity
403:
401:
400:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
363:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
348:
337:
336:
331:
325:
323:
313:
312:
307:
301:
297:
295:
291:
287:
279:
278:
270:
265:
263:
257:
247:
245:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
222:
220:
214:
212:
211:Synchronicity
208:
203:
201:
197:
189:
188:
180:
178:
174:
173:Paul Kammerer
169:
166:
160:
158:
157:synchronicity
154:
148:
147:Synchronicity
141:Synchronicity
138:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:Thomas Browne
122:
118:
114:
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
89:chance events
86:
81:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
29:
22:
909:
890:
868:
865:Joseph Mazur
856:
847:Bibliography
805:
794:
778:
757:
746:
737:
724:
703:
692:
679:
669:
644:
633:
612:
601:
592:
582:
541:
537:
531:
496:
459:
452:
441:. Retrieved
437:
428:
405:
397:
360:
333:
319:
309:
299:
283:
275:
267:
259:
244:Charles Fort
242:
223:
215:
210:
204:
199:
195:
193:
185:
162:
150:
132:
128:
120:
116:
112:
110:
82:
62:supernatural
57:
55:
973:Coincidence
853:David Marks
538:SIAM Review
413:Synchronism
362:Coincidance
262:probability
230:Henri Broch
113:coincidence
101:probability
93:probability
85:statistical
58:coincidence
967:Categories
783:David Lane
607:Jung, Carl
443:2023-11-12
420:References
388:Pareidolia
356:Bible code
294:statistics
171:biologist
121:coincidere
70:paranormal
978:Causality
830:cite book
558:0036-1445
286:causality
256:Causality
250:Causality
234:apophenia
175:, a wild
153:Carl Jung
117:coincider
107:Etymology
988:Forteana
867:(2016).
802:(1972).
732:(2012).
700:(1972).
641:(1972).
609:(1973).
574:37699182
378:Ley line
344:See also
330:Plutarch
327:—
303:—
272:—
182:—
137:(1658).
74:fatalism
566:2031144
523:3642342
322:fortune
115:, from
83:From a
916:
897:
875:
818:
766:
712:
657:
621:
572:
564:
556:
521:
511:
467:
408:(book)
292:." In
177:genius
127:, in
66:occult
562:JSTOR
519:S2CID
168:Pauli
165:Jung-
68:, or
914:ISBN
895:ISBN
873:ISBN
836:link
816:ISBN
764:ISBN
710:ISBN
655:ISBN
619:ISBN
570:OCLC
554:ISSN
509:ISBN
465:ISBN
228:and
163:The
46:Moon
40:. A
546:doi
501:doi
221:).
50:Sun
969::
855::
832:}}
828:{{
814:.
812:25
736:.
682:.
678:.
653:.
651:81
568:.
560:.
552:.
542:33
540:.
517:.
507:.
491:;
479:^
436:.
332:,
213:.
64:,
56:A
922:.
903:.
838:)
772:.
740:.
718:.
686:.
663:.
627:.
576:.
548::
525:.
503::
473:.
446:.
198:(
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.